Bataan Death March

Prisoners on the Bataan Death March, April 1942

Summary

During the Bataan Death March, which began April 9, 1942, tens of thousands of American and Filipino soldiers were forced on a grueling 65-mile trek across the Philippine island of Luzon, following their surrender to the Japanese. Thousands of men died on the march, and thousands more would die later in prisoner of war camps.

Background

The Japanese landed 43,000 troops on the main Philippine island of Luzon on December 22, 1941. American and Filipino troops, under General Douglas MacArthur, retreated to the Bataan peninsula, where they resisted the Japanese for months, enduring starvation, disease, and exhaustion in addition to the fighting.

Finally, on April 9, 1942, Major General Edward King surrendered all 76,000 American and Filipino troops under his command to the Japanese. The prisoners of war were divided by the Japanese into groups of 100 to begin the journey to the POW camps at Camp O’Donnell.

Bataan Death March

The arduous 65-mile trek in blazing hot temperatures lasted about 5 to 10 days, and the already enervated men were allowed little food or water. They also faced numerous instances of brutality by their Japanese captors, from beatings to killings

The men were marched dozens of miles to a rail station at San Fernando, where they were crammed a hundred at a time into boxcars meant for 40. Additional men died on this train journey from suffocation, exhaustion, and dehydration. Estimates vary widely, but at least 500 Americans and 2,500 Filipinos (though likely far many more) died on the march and in the boxcars.

POW Camps

Things did not improve for the tens of thousands of men who survived to reach the POW camps. There were far more prisoners of war than the Japanese had anticipated, and conditions in the camps were horrific. Several hundred men died a day, with total deaths in the camps estimated at around 1,500 Americans and 26,000 Filipinos.

Aftermath

After the war, the Bataan Death March was designated a war crime, and various Japanese military leaders were executed or imprisoned for their role in it.

Learn more about the Bataan Death March through historical newspapers from our archives. Explore newspaper articles, headlines, images, and other primary sources below.

Articles and Clippings about the Bataan Death March

Newspaper front page headlines announcing the fall of Bataan peninsula to the Japanese Thu, Apr 9, 1942 – Page 1 · The Lincoln Star (Lincoln, Lancaster, Nebraska, United States of America) · Newspapers.comNews, stories, and photos from the fall of Bataan to the Japanese in April 1942 Fri, Apr 10, 1942 – Page 10 · Palladium-Item (Richmond, Wayne, Indiana, United States of America) · Newspapers.comTimeline of events in Bataan leading up to the American and Filipino surrender on April 9, 1942 Fri, Apr 10, 1942 – Page 3 · The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America) · Newspapers.comAmerican organization collects donations to send supplies to prisoners of war captured in Bataan Sun, Jun 28, 1942 – 13 · The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America) · Newspapers.comLocal family is informed their soldier son is likely a POW after the American surrender in Bataan Fri, Aug 7, 1942 – 5 · The Daily Times (Davenport, Scott, Iowa, United States of America) · Newspapers.comNewspaper columnist wonders "Where are the prisoners of Bataan?" 4 months after American surrender Mon, Aug 17, 1942 – 4 · Asheville Citizen-Times (Asheville, Buncombe, North Carolina, United States of America) · Newspapers.com"Bataan's Defenders Reported Prisoners in Camp Near Manila; Information of Their Condition Lacking" Fri, Sep 25, 1942 – Page 1 · Dixon Evening Telegraph (Dixon, Lee, Illinois) · Newspapers.comList of New Mexicans being held as prisoners by the Japanese in the Philippines increases to 78 Thu, Dec 31, 1942 – Page 2 · Albuquerque Journal (Albuquerque, Bernalillo, New Mexico, United States of America) · Newspapers.com1943 U.S. War Bonds poster: "Remember me. I was at Bataan" 09 Apr 1943, Fri The St. Louis Star and Times (St. Louis, Missouri) Newspapers.com"Full text of U.S. report on Japanese atrocities," including the Bataan Death March Fri, Jan 28, 1944 – 6 · The Miami News (Miami, Florida, United States of America) · Newspapers.comBritish newspaper summarizes "official report on Japanese atrocities" during Bataan Death March 28 Jan 1944, Fri Evening Despatch (Birmingham, West Midlands, England) Newspapers.comSurvivor Capt. Samuel C. Grashio shares firsthand account of experiences during Bataan Death March 29 Jan 1944, Sat The Toronto Star (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) Newspapers.comJournalist writes that "at least 4,000 soldiers died on Bataan as victims" of Japanese "brutalities" 01 Feb 1944, Tue Tampa Bay Times (St. Petersburg, Florida) Newspapers.comEyewitness story of the Bataan Death March by Lieutenant Colonel W. E. Dyess Sat, Feb 5, 1944 – 3 · The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Fulton, Georgia, United States of America) · Newspapers.comMap of Bataan Death March published in a newspaper in February 1944 05 Feb 1944, Sat The Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho) Newspapers.comPhoto of Bataan Death March survivor being decorated after escape from Japanese prison camp Sun, Feb 6, 1944 – 1 · The Journal Times (Racine, Racine, Wisconsin, United States of America) · Newspapers.comU.S. releases new details of treatment of Americans and Filipinos during Bataan Death March Sat, Feb 12, 1944 – 7 · The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America) · Newspapers.comBataan Death March survivor shares experiences in talk at Edmonton army air base 27 Jul 1944, Thu The Montreal Star (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) Newspapers.comPhoto of Japanese Lieut. Gen. Masaharu Homma, who was later held responsible for Bataan Death March Sun, Sep 16, 1945 – 2 · The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America) · Newspapers.comJapanese commander Homma is quoted saying “I don’t think it was such a tough march” Sun, Sep 16, 1945 – 2 · The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America) · Newspapers.comU.S. Army retraces route of Bataan Death March in 1945 to recover and identify remains of Americans Sun, Dec 9, 1945 – Page 34 · Battle Creek Enquirer (Battle Creek, Calhoun, Michigan, United States of America) · Newspapers.comMasaharu Homma admits to issuing the orders for the Bataan Death March during war crimes trial Thu, Feb 7, 1946 – Page 2 · Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, Monroe, New York, United States of America) · Newspapers.com"General Homma is executed by American firing squad for Bataan Death March" Wed, Apr 3, 1946 – Page 1 · The Cincinnati Enquirer (Cincinnati, Hamilton, Ohio, United States of America) · Newspapers.com