Logansport Pharos-Tribune from Logansport, Indiana • Page 7

ATJTHOE AND NATURALIST. How Hamilton Gibson Took Different Kinds of 'Work. M.T«t*rl«» of the Glb- non't Ohuru Illuntrttt- Inc thr rrniH-VVrllllZKllon of IOOPYHUIIIT. ifM.i Feu- of the Xcw York literary men iire more popular than Mr. 1 Tamil- ton call him a literary 111:111.

although he is equally well knou-n nil artist naturalist, lie iruu-H liked hy the nu-inbors ol' three of the piviiVssiims to ho belong, iiud hi- is remarkal'lefoi'havinjr yahied tliHtim't ion in erich of thorn. It is now about three years since Jtr. Gibson invented system of sectional charts, illustrating what i.s called the of llowors by insects attracted by their honey and which are made to eiirry the pollen from one to another. These eharts are arranged meehaiiieal devices so that they W. HAilll.TOS GII1SUX.

show the bee or butterfly approaching the flower, show his method of alighting on or entering it, and show how he is covered with the pollen in one way or They have created so nruch talk and have brought Mr. Gibson so many in vitations to pive the lectures in which they are used that it seemed desirable to ask him how he happened to invent them, and indeed how he was led to take up his studies of flowers and in sects in the first place. It should be remembered that he has written hall a dozen books on these and kindred subjects, all of which are illustrated by his own beautiful drawing's. Mr. Gibson said that when he was boy of ten years (one of a family oJ eig-ht children), it was concluded that he should be sent to a boarding school The school of Mr.

F. W. Gunn at Wash ingtoti, a village in western Connect! cat, although small, had considerable fame at that time, and as a number od his boy friends went them a son of Henry Ward concluded that he should go there, too. The school family then consisted oi something like fifteen boys, and school was kept in an old farmhouse; but as the fame of the school spread, owing to the wonderful personality of Mr. Gunn, and his marvelous means oi dealing with boys as to their studios, and especially as to their morals, it became necessary to enlarge the original structure.

This is the same school Dr. J. O. Holland made so famous in his novel, "Arthur Bonnie- castle." Gibson remained at that school for about six years. Something of the nature of the school may be inferred from the that when vacation time came several of the boys always preferred remaining there through the summer to going home.

"Mr. Gunn," said Mr. Gibson, "was one of the most remarkable men I ever and more do I appreciate him as I grow older. He noticed early in my career a fondness for nature, and encouraged it. Under him I began study of botany, and finally becoming greatly interested in that study I carried it along myself, simultaneously becoming interested in entomology.

With my fondness for botany MR. OIBSO.V'H SUM.MKU HOME AT WASHINGTON, COXK. and entomology my sketch book was soon filled with water color paintings of flowers, insects and the like. "After leaving school the affection I felt for both Mr. and Mrs.

Gunu led me annually back to Washington, and their freqcent reunions brought back roost tho boys also. It entirely supplanted my fondness for my old birth- Hook, some twenty miles south. Wo have still at Sandy Hook tho old homestead surrounded by eighty acres of land which we have rented now for twenty years tiack. One by one tho old alumni of the Gunn school came back to Washington, bought land and built and, in fact, I built a house there myself last year." "Mr. Gibson, you found Washington good field for botanical and entomological observation, did you not?" "That reminds me of a remark of Gilbert White: 'That place is most rich in material that is most or words to that effect.

I have been over over again amazed at tho richness" develops under careful scrutiny in spots of ground that at first night offer no invitation for observation, don't suppose Washington is any richer than many another locality in Conneo- 1 timit. but than cnouirh in small plot of ground in Washington to keep me busy the rust of my life," "Well, Mr. Gibson, you art studies up with your study of was the art instinct something primary, so to "It, is impossible, in my recollection, to clilTort'iitiale my fondness for art and nature; oatuiot remcmhor the time when they were not associated with I lii-pnn to draw piet.ures, in ii childish many of which very crmie, and, as a rule, they were of flowers, insects and things of that character, and were united in natural history subjects fur bciek my eighth yetir." "Your interest in literary w.ji'k ciimu I ill by of ilescrib'nifV toothers what yon Inui ulixiTviMl yourself 1 "Tin- way I drifted into literary work was quite natural, and. in a seiv.e, was i imperative, in order tliat miirht train a. livelihood.

Iu other words, had my sketch book and portfolio full oi drawings from nature. After having left i school I went into business, br.t my heart wns not in it -my ambition from a boy had heen to he an artist. My attention not drawn to the art of drawing on wood until had noticed a publication on the subject. Then it was that 1 determined to on wood. I a In-ffiuner, it was impossi- Wo for me to could only I show 1113' specimens; but 1 had certain facts natural history which I could illustrate, iiud in that way I gradually drifteil into writing sketches on natural history, and illustrating 1 them, meanwhile studying and endeavoring to improve myself in drawing-, until eventually became known, and my work appeared in various magazines.

However, I never, at that time considered my writing' it was simply a natural means Of finding- a market for my drawings. My work conscientiously well as I could do it, but I had as yet never had the remotest idea of becoming a writer. "1 drifted into writing proper at tho suggestion ol Mr. Henry M. Alden, then, as now, editor of' Harper's Monthly.

I returned one summer from a vacation spent at Washington, and was describing 1 my school life to little episodes which had been reawakened by my visit to Mr. Gunn. Mr. Alden seemed interested, and at the close of my remarks said: 'I want you to write that for the My conversation with Mm at that time finally led to an oxticlo called 'Snug Hamlet. out, fastened on separately.

fftou- the movement, which did. This proved to be a revelation to myself, and the result was that 1 made several other sectioTinl of r.u insects that smnc 'Live years i 1 1 very i i'. and to demonstrate ocularly and simply, without the slightest effort on the part of my audience, what, had heretofore been presented only in difli- Clilt technical descriptions. There really seemed to be a new iieid for work and I the. indications and conce.ntral.ed my upon the saini-." The appreciation of Mr.

Gibson's charts was most lla: and while he not the remotest idea at i.hat inn: of taking to llie lecture platform with the! 1 t.he culls became so numerous, their fniiif having spread through people who heard tho lectures and seen the charts, a.nd invitations U) lec- l.Ui'e came so thick upon him without solicitation 071 his part t.liat iiihson's time has been tilled up pretty well since then, to the exclusion of almost all oilier work. has been told by scien- tilic people that he had evolved an entirely new melii'id of te.a.chiii£ and ouffht l.o protect his this he has done both by copyrights and patents in France. Germany and Great Hi'itain. They have been indorsed hy Columbia, college, and the president, of that college has booked Mr. Ciilison for a lecture course next year.

One summer after the city people I had le.ft Washington Mr. Gibson pave a lecture in the church at a. nominal i rate for the benefit of the village li- completely demonstrating cross-fertilization; and this process is made so simple by means of tho chart thai child can readily understand what has licrtoforo been a dillie.ult subject to muster." (hie or two drawings by Mr. Gibsr.n are given, showing the process by which the insect is dusted with pollen i VV by tlie They life outline draw- j'rom liis charts. AuTiH-ii STKIJMAX.

A LEAP IN THE DARK. ArTER BEARS. A they an- bciir will I rr ll riiri'ly lir.M Tim Wonderful tit t.lur Kltlrr from Orrulii Until). The. leap in the dark ever made by horse and rider, from which the lattt-r to lc)l la'e.

that miiili; by a vm ny nilicer. a of a darlr niyht in IN-iS. at l.he Island of St. llominiea. i': Wesl Indies.

Moore, who corn- lost his wivv in the dark. He Color, came ninny I S. I. lor 111'. 'theru'ise harin'i 1 1 J.nvr^ eiicnun ler ami beai's, in which l.hrr killed.

A rison found a hear and three others vjry montl. man iinhiss A wounded ml si' I1 erea tn aceoiint of a between men of 1 lu- bears ila.r- fast in a. trap aft, sevr hi 11 tin home. bniry, and the church was tilled by the fanners roundabout with their families, iic talked for an hour and forty ndnnt.cs to a very much interested audience, and the revelation these charts of his conveyed to those people, who had been in contact with llowcrs all their lives, was most interesting and KiifTtfeslivo to him. One old farmer said to the lecturer in the provincial dialect; 'Mr.

Gibson, do you mean to tell me thet thct's what thet man Darwin's boon talkin' 'baoiit?" "Yes," said Mr. Gibson, "that is one of the thing's he has been talking about." Then the farmer replied: "Wall. I never took no stock in Darwin before, but I think a mighty heap of Darwin now." Another native noted for the fondness lie had for his par- den said: "I vow, Mr. Gibson, I almost ojihamcd to Ifo into mv Harden THE ruocnsa OF CROSS FEBTILIZATIOW. from his oharta by Mr.

and, to my surprise and gratification, was well received, whereat Mr. Alden suggested lhat as that article was a summer one I should prepare a winter one, which I Winter Then ho asked mo to write some spring and summer articles. 'With these (our sketches I concluded to make up the volume, 'Pastoral which proved to bo a big 1 success." 'Now, Mr. Gibson, I have observed that you have lately developed a field in natural history, namely, tho description and illustration hy mechanical charts of the cross fertilization of lowers and kindred events in tho botanical world. you cure to say how you developed that idea?" 'Almost the first inspiration I pot toward the study of insects was from accidentally observing the birth of the moth; it was an inspiration' that will ast me a life time.

I followed it up in connection with botany, and subsequently in my great interest in the works of Darn-in. The amount of material I gathered thus from books and from nature was considerable and luring rny summer sojourns I had 'requently been asked to give public talks' on nature generally. At last one summer I consented to (rive a course of lectures at the village of informal which took place at my studio. These acceptable, and at length I was obliged to flnd a larger hall. These however, I have kept up every since then, illustrating the same by rapid drawing on the blackboard.

"When I came to touch upon the topic of inter-association and intercommunion of insects and flowers, especially the mechanism of flowers, movement, I found I was handicapped, as many other scientists have the difficulty of expressing motion by fixed Irawings and descriptions, It occurred me to make a drawing of the', oirn blossom, with a tiltinff stamen, 1 again." Another one came to him with an expression of awe and amazement on his face, and said: "Mr. Gibson, is thet really so about thet daisy flower, or is it guff?" In other words these men were inspired with awe and reverence for the wonderful design and intention which lay beneath the forma of the flowers that they had known all their lives. The idea never entered their minds that the form of the flower, the color, all have reference to a special insect taking the pollen from one flower to another to insure cross-fertilization. This is fulfilled among flowers in various ways, Mr. Gibson said.

One flower claps the bee on the back and covers it with pollen as it leaves the flower to go to another one, in the stigma of which other one the bee deposits the pollen and so on. In other flowers the bee or insect is imprisoned and cannot escape until the pollen of the flower shall have been shed upon the bee's body. When let out the bee takes the pollen and deposits it in another flower and so it goes. These devices are simply wonderful and amazing. In the case of the yucca tho moth deliberately takes tho pollen and inserts it in the stigma.

The moth then deposits its eggs at the base of tho stigma, which it only can fertilize. In the south these flowers arc numerous, each pod bearing little holes which show tho inside containing the mature larva. The yucca is found as far north as New Haven, and perhaps a little further on, and, being a perennial plant, comes up year after year without re- sowing of seed, but in Washington Mr. Gibson 1 said ho had never seen a seed pod upon the yucca, because the moth which fertilized the flower has not tot up as far north as that degree of lati- tU "These charts," Mr. Gibson said, "represent flowers on a huge scale, and not only flowers but insects, in the light of the insects taking the pollen from the flowers and depositing the ia the OM: at hiinil in nul.

lifter bcnvs, was lotii.lly I hurried to the nearest fiiniihoiiM 1 gave; tlu; an old In; to (lie scone oT followed by liiirki 1 who tinned with p-iin. 1. They straight 10 l.lif tra-p. supplied with rope, if possible, to tuko the alive. It dti.sk in the woods and the men were unable to see tliinys very distinctly.

Harrison ahead, and was advancing cautiously, when growl was heard a.nd the confined beast miiili; a furious lea.p him and him by the Jacob drew his- saber, but not before thfl infuriated animal had inflicted a bad wound on his knee. His idea, was to despatcli the savage little animal, but by the lime it had received several cuts from the saber it began to cry in pec'uliar manner, a.nd the next moment there was a crash of bushes and twigs and the old she-bear rushed upon Harrison. The man turned upon' his new foe and wielded his trusty weapon with such energy and success that in a. short time he deprived her of one of her forcpnws by a lucky stroke, andatiast completely disabled her by a cut across the neck, which divided the tendons and severed the spinal vertebra. Then he despatched the cub.

While 'this had been going on, Mr. Burke had been having a perilous encounter with the old male bear. He discharged his gun, merely wounding the briiU 1 and the next instant bruin sprang at him. The beast was met with a blow from the butt-end of tho fowling-piece. At the first stroke the stock flew in pieces, and the next moment, u.

dexterous blow of the bear's paw sent the heavy barrel twenty feet into the underbrush. Mr. liurlee then retreated a few feet and placed his back against a large hemlock tree, followed closely by the bear; but, being acquainted with the nature of the animal and his mode of attack, lie drew a large hunting-knife from his belt, and coolly awaited the The maddened brute approached, growling and gnashing its, teeth, and with a sort of spring encircled both the body of the hunter and the trunk of the tree in his grip. The next instant the flashing knife-blade entered his heart, and the combat was soon over. Two old bears and a all extremely fat wero the result of this dangerous adventure.

The largest of them weighed two hundred and fifty pounds. Mr. Burke was not injured, but Mr, Harrison was torn severely and had three ribs Youth's Companion. The vlu- to he iit.lle. iow ii irly-seven upon Ihe As if 10 support IIMI a sits prop- to drop two feet perpendicular ruck by l.iif seaside, the bcory that erly in liis saddle, it is he horse, and not who snll'ers by a.

says: "Dnriny the fall stuck my bone in tin: steed's body was broken, while his master escaped a live witb severe exits uboist the hody and head, a ankle and a back benumbed bv the concussion of the fail. On recovery from the shock. Moore sent an artist to make a drawing of the spot, and engineer to survey the place. The drop wns considerably morn than half the height of St. Peter's and double I ho Imijrhlof the duke of York's column at.

the bottom of street. Such an extra.ord inary ta.le is almost incredible, but it. is bv a "'eneral of character in a letter dated: "University Service Club. ISt.h March, Live, Stock TAXES IN ITALY. MAKING CRIMINALS.

The Moral Effect of Prliou Lift Upon Its Innmtei. If the leading object of incarceration were Is, injury to the of our prisons are admirably adapted to their end. For the worst punishment that can bo inflicted upon a parson is to confirm him in evil wayi, and to make him worse than he is. In doing 1 this society takes the place of the ingenious Satan. Our machinery which catches hold of an offender and draws him into the circuit of its education is calculated to confirm him in his tendencies, and make him a professional criminal.

It is rare that tlie jail and penitentiary influences are such as to improve him in any way, except occasionally in his physical condition. The advantage to criminal of connnement is that abstinence and a regular life ma3 improve his health; but better moral habits will not bo formed in him unless the authority to which he is subjected is concerned in ihe effort to educate him into a. better ife. It does not need any argument show that if the men put in charge of him are selected not for their fitness their difficult duties, but are chosen 3.y the political machiue oil account of their service to the machine, the prisons will be run without intelligent reference to the reformation of the criminals. Sometimes our prisons are lonestly managed and sometimes are corruptly managed by the rolitieians, but never when politics nterferes are they conducted either with regard to economy for the tax-payers or in the moral interests of theeon- emned.

So that there has never been he least hope for prison reform, nor there ever be until the prisons are taken out of politics." Public opinion compeled the state to build better ails, to pay more attention to sanitary measures and to conduct them more umnnely, but the manufacture of eon- rmed criminals goes on. in the old way, and only here and there is any ffort made for the permanent change i their habits. That change will not ome so long as the prisons are merely jlaoes of confinement, and for giving ituations to political )udley Warner, in Harper's Magazine. Aniwered. 7 OU ve me nen I'm old? Topics.

Tho Ilcnvy lliiml of Govi-rniiH-nt, IVuhanlry. Tli ere is not a more heavily or unjustly taxed people in Europe than the Italians. No foreigner who ha not traveled through the peninsula can conceive the depths of misery that an connoted there by that hated won taxes. Thousands of little household bravely for mere existenci in the poorer districts, especially ii Sicily and Calabria, are annually swcp away into space for the non-puymen of such paltry sums us half a crown, shilling, ninepence half-penny! These are the miserable outcasts who turn organ-grinders in London, form labor ers and galley slaves in lirazil and tar pets for French revolvers in Aigues Mortes. Tho unsettled state of Sicily, where life and property are no lonper secure is at once an eloquent testimony to th intolerable sufferings of the people and an emphatic condemnation of tho rapaciousuess of the government.

Nor is it in Sicily only that the sinister effects of this wanton slaughter of the hen that laid the golden egg's are noticeable. In most country districts oi the peninsula one hears the same sad story of ravenous government harpies, snatching the scanty food from the shrunken hands of the hungry laborers who famish in filth and perish in despair. And yet, in spite of this, in creased taxation is an absolute Review. Cna voidable. Patrick Flanigan was a witness in a case where truthfulness compeled him to give some testimony against tho man on trial, who was a particular friend of his.

Patrick's ordinarily rich brogue had recently been rendered more than usually unintelligible by an accident to which he referred with feeling in the course of his testimony. Ue was frequently called upon to repeat his answers, which were evidently made under protest, and between these constant requests and the long words with which the air of the courtroom seemed to Patrick to be filled, -his anjfer rose and his confusion steadily increased, "Don't prevaricate," said 'the judge at last, as Patrick returned a surprisingly incoherent answer to a question addressed to him. "Prevaricate, is it?" cried Mr. Flanigan with angry resentment. "Oi'na thinkin' maybe it's yersilf wouldn't be able to hilp preva.ricat.in' whin three yer honor's teeth had been knocked out av head, Youth's Companion.

rho UKUH! VTn.v. "Yes, old man, I have at last discovered a splendid way to save money. I put fifty cents a day in the baby's bank." "But isn't it rather unnecessary to save money for so young "Why, my dear fellow, you don't suppose he'll ever get any ol it, do Life. A Diet. does the doctor say? says I have heart trouble, and must not rend anything that is the least bit exciting.

too bad. You will have to confine yourself to the monthly V. Weekly. Xot Improbable. would in all probability have been the result if Cipsar had not been assassinated? would probably have died Si flings, Louisville's new charter the city is limited to twelve wards, but the additional territory taken in will make two of these wards as big as the other ten.

the future. THE PAST guarantees 1 It is not what we say, but what Hood 1 SarsapariUa does, that tells the ttory. Remember HOOD'S CURBS olijrcls impi'r- ii ho any J-JACK- i rt OH F.WT OR oil dy the tli'' pain la- jhitis Fneu- influenza, rut- i 'irt flKUF.K 10 the wlU ALL INTERNAL PAINS. PAINS IN HOVVELS, or STOMACH, STOMACH. SKA.

VOIiHTlJW, HKAKTBUMT, KSS, PL ESS- NKSS, SICK HEADACHE. RHOSA, roLlO. FLATULENCY, FAIJSTL'W are relieved in- lit.aijtly mid quickly cnred by taking nvcriially a Imif to a teaspoonfnl of Reiitiy Relief in half of 1 if r.ci tue world tbst -Vver and uiid all other Malaileoi, and other Fevtrn, ntdwl by Rndwaj'B ''Ills, so qnlohlj Hud-ray's Heady Kellef. 50c per bonle. Sold by drucolsts.

DAD WAY'S PILLS, For the of nil diwrden of 1011, LIVEB. BOWELS, KIDNEYS, BLiDBIB, SEKYOL'S DISEASES. UKlIiiCHE, COSSTIPA- noN IKVICESTIOK. DYSPKF- II, FKVI-B, INFLAMATWH THE BOWKLS, P1LKS, and ill deruRc. nicntu of the Inlcrnul I'ortlj nmtakto nnUlnliiK no nurcorj, mlnrnli or UIOVS DBCOS.

Price 26 per box. Sold all Droggim 82 Warren N.Y, ElT-Be and ask for BADTVAY'S. Catarrh AND COLD IN THE HEAD relieved inltintly bv ipplintion ot Birney's Catarrh Powder Jlsv. PATHKR CIAIUCK, wc'y the RU Re of Columbus, Olilo, wrl tns; ol Ul attack ol ciHItll whtn could hUp me. Am rtrtijhW with it.

All my 1 uniu of IhBiriHof itio UM Bn, undw Ihtit art. 1 Jo uiyth'nf 4 won! for to help i.thcrt wlio mrr M. E. FKROUBON, Custodian U. a Storey rVlKf nt-nj 1 whicli 1 tried indttcM by to I l.rrhJ Pooler for my lln-r manifi my mtirelr.

I ch 18 InthM from ill IIM I. friends Mid cm ujr 1 linvo licvvr hvnrj of wlicrc TULL SIZE of powder i and blower Birncy Catarrhal Powder Co. 1 1203 MASONIC TEMPLE, CHICAGO. Sold ovorj-whiTCliy ordirnt bjTM. Sold br KoesllrR, J.

L. Hanson and Ben 'Ishir. Louansport. Ind. Indapo Made a well Man of 4DAPO -HE GREiT 'iMOOO REMEDV T1IH ADQVC In 80 PAVff.

1 Nightly i Poa'; nny unjrrlni-llilpil dl-uBB'H MllJToa kljxL at nvincIMtAl'd-nonoothcr. ft hn Oitl not Kotll. inall upon by Flibw, Wholesale DniRditt, 37T fotinn ooic £01 cale of 1NBAPO I A GENTS a Greatest kitchen ntensil ever Invented. Retiills 35c. StoB In every house.

Sample, posuiRepald, fife. yassmx MclUKiN, Clncinnattl, O. pOLLAHD vs. Breelwnridj-'f wlehratPd breach of i promise CIIM'; AITI-HIS Wanted: boon rendy, of lltipims; lltustriital; 500.000 will be J-KIWKCTUS W. 11.

tEKUUSON 0. to tike orders by sample; we will expense suit! salary or 9 How rul commisslou. Summit's sent on application. Address, Box a 125. New York Cttr.

or take cbarge ot Stock and that will pay $10000 month. Experience not neceeanrj. Call at Boom 4, over P. at and to repre- SflntttieCnltecl 6ta.U» Benevolent Society. Pain sick.

and bull! Cost tl5o per month, iddmu, J. B. Pllchw, B.B.Mtch. x-ii a.