Detroit Free Press from Detroit, Michigan • Page 28

4-C Sunday, Feb. 28, '65 DETROIT FREE PRESS II. Teem Drihkih '5e Portrait A Surprising Survey Defends Youngsters By Wayne King Prt Prtj Special Writer II LHI.yummiBWII.I.LI.IIIU..1 I "it' 4 si I 3 1 a v- i- fcvrfyx-s, tH I i I 1 4 jt yNs, 1 i I "-fxO teen-agers drink too ujJ much? Some do. But most don't. Who says so? A sociologist, who bases his claim on a survey taken right here in Michigan.

Dr. George L. Maddox, an affable young Duke University sociologist and tf 1 I 1 23 DRINK SOME HAD DRIMK -1 DRINK RAY GLONKA 'Unnamed' Behind Fre Prs Photo by By William Sudomier Fre Prtvi Featur Writar ACKSON The 40-year-old prisoner paints a hollow-eyed woman in som-ber tones. He calls her "The Penitentiary Widow." Painting? "It's the only straw. I have," he eays.

"It's the only thing holding me together." He'a In for, life. THE 45-YEAR-OLD prisoner uses colors ranging from yellow-orange to violet to do books and bookends. He calls it "Relation in Colors." Painting? "I always was interested in art," he says. "This Is the first time I've had a chance to try it." He's in for 7Va to 10 years. THE prisoner paints a doe-eyed blond brimming with adolescent innocence.

He calls here "Before." Painting? "I hRd this picture of Brigitte Bardot, he says. "I started off to paint a 'Lolita, but it didn't wind up that way." He's in for 10 to 20. THEY'RE THREE of the 20 or so inmates attending regular art classes at Southern Michigan Prison. A rtists Bars the fight, but his art and everything else. It forces him to think before he acts." OFFICIALS share the inmates' feeling that the classes have therapeutic value, though that is not the reason for the classes.

They are set dp and run Just as any normal art class outside, and the students are not taking the course as part of any treatment. John Hoffman, Jackson's academic supervisor, says more and more men are becoming interested in the program because "The men get a chance to unload their troubles with their brushes. Men who haven't had much chance to express themselves men who haven't had much success In other areas find their chances here." Dr. E. L.

V. Shelley, a psychologist who supervises treatment for the State Corrections Department, feels that way, too. Dr. Shelley would like to extend the classes to other institutions because "The more bridges we can build between these men and society, the better. They feel, with some justification, alienated from society." As the classes have progressed, so have the individuals.

Of DeCoulode, Hoffman says: "You can see the difference in his work now and his work eight years ago. His work is much more mature now. How do I know? Oh, well, he's been up here before." The classes were begun four years ago with Joe DeCoulode, 34, a lifer, in charge. DeCoulode, who had had some outside training, probably is the most finished artist at Jackson. He has painted a "Self Portrait" In which he ha made himself look like masterful Old Master, with pipe and brushes and all.

DeCoulode taught until one of his students, John Ford, who had had no other training, was ready to succeed him. The Jackson artists now are so successful that two sets of their best paintings are being exhibited. One is touring nine prisons in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Minnesota. The other is touring colleges. It is at White Community College in Alpena during February, at Northwestern Michigan College In Traverse City in March, and at Adrian College in Adrian in May.

WHAT DOES art do for the prisoners? Let's let Ford answer, a convict in the 14th year of his sentence. "When dealing with the subject of art, you have a feeling of analyzing things around you, yourself, the other fellows. "It's the artist asking questions. "Let's suppose an amateur artist is walking out in the (prison) yard and he's approached by someone and an argument develops. "The first thing that comes Into the artist's mind is that he'a going to lose not A tendency to equalizing seems to exist in this line of play.

22. 23. Q-N4 R-KBl ch 2t. KM B3 By bringing his rook to the KB-file and checking White's Larsen gained an important tempo which enabled him to protect his KN-pawn from the side. 25.

PxP Bronstein discovered this after game. During the game he had moved 25. R3. and lost: 25., Q-KB1; 2fi. N-N5, R-B8 ch; 27.

K-R2, R-B4; 28. NxP, R-R4; 29. Chess Corner replies 21. The expert on teen-ager drinking told the Free Press that incidents like the tragedy in Darien, althought they focus attention on the problem, often tend to obscure the' real questions. "In the aftermath of dramatic events (where a p-irl died in a car wreck after a parent-supervised party where liquor was served) like (Darien), people talk and write about teen-age drinking, but only a handful attempt to analyze just how many teen-agers actually drink and when, where, how and why they do it.

"There Just isn't any evidence that there have been any dramatic changes in teen-age drinking behavior in the last decade no DR. 3kLDDOX is co-author of "Drinking Among Teen-agers," an exhaustive study of the drinking habits of nearly 2,000 teen-agers at the junior and senior high school level in three Michigan high The study was initiated and financed by the Michigan Board of Alcoholism and carried out by sociologists at Michigan State University. The results of the study may come as a surprise to parents whose Ideas of teen-age drinking are nurtured by incidents like Darien. For instance; Only slightly more than one per cent of the teen-agers studied reported drinking "often" or "very often." Twenty-three per cent reported they were "not abstainers" and drink some alcoholic beverage predominantly beer at least occasionally. Eight per cent reported they had never tasted alcohol.

OVERALL, Maddox found that the percentage of drinking among teen-agers surveyed comparable to that found in the southern United States where the percentage is consistently lowest. (A North Carolina study found 22 per cent.) Of the 23 per cent who reported 3ome drinking, only nine per cent labeled themselves "drinkers." Most of the, Maddox said, preferred to think of themselves as "people who drink, but not as drinkers." Although the study relied almost entirely on what the students reported, and not on observation, Maddox believes the figures accurately reflect of the actua? prevalence of drinking. "If anything," he said, "the students probably tended to over-report their drinking." BUT WHAT ABOUT the teen-ager who Is a "problem drinker" teen-agers who, like Darien's Michael Smith, are apt to get their names on a police blotter? According to Maddox, the chances of this happening are relatively slim: "There just aren't many cases of excess, drunkenness, or trouble with the police." Maddox found that Michigan's law against selling to anyone under 21 was not a significant deterrent to drinking among teen-agers. A typical response was "Anyone who wants it can get It." The teen-agers also did not regard themselves as "lawbreakers" much less "delinquents" because of their drinking. Nor were elaborate precautions to avoid detection by police taken at teen-age drinking parties, Maddox said.

Teen-age alcoholics? Maddox says this is highly unlikely: "The chances of finding a teen-age alcoholic in a high school population are practically non-existent." THE SURVEY revealed certain definite characteristics among the teen-agers who reported some alcohol use. Typically, they participated in groups of older teen-agers who had achieved some degree of financial independence, had more immediate career plans, preferred adult modes of behavior and were least involved in orgainzed activity in school and out. Maddox also found that users tended to come from blue collar backgrounds. Sixty-seven per cent of those who classified themselves "drinkers," had fathers in blue collar jobs, as opposed to 30 per cent with white-collar backgrounds. Teen-age drinkers tended to cluster at either end of the status scale.

This supported the theory that upper-class parents tend to push their youngsters into adult modes of behavior faster than others, while lower class teen-agers adopt them out of necessity Maddox said. Regular churchgoers tended less to be users, Maddox found. Only 12 per cent of the nonusers, for instance reported no regular church attendance, while 33 per cent of the users reported this. Similarly, 83 per cent of those who reported "extensive" church attendance did not drink. Other studies have shown that Catholics and Jews tend to look upon drinking Dr.

Maddox If The Jj Darga (Black) has just taken a piece and Foguelman with the unexpected X. Hi Only slightly more than one per cent reported drinking "often" or "very 23 per cent reported drinking occasionally, mostly beer. Eight per cent reported they had never tasted alcohol. with much less disfavor than Protestants, that they introduce their children to alcohol earlier and have a lower incidence of alcoholism. Maddox found that religious upbringing was the single greatest factor in making a youngster an abstainer.

Most Protestant groups, particularly fundamentalist sects, Maddox said, not only view drinking as sinful, but place great emphasis on personal control. ALTHOUGH school officials restricted questions about alcohol and sex, Maddox said other inquiries have shown that alcohol in itself does not result in height-tened sexuality, although it does lower inhibitions and therefore may promote sexual activity among teen-agers. The assocaition parents make between teen-age drinking and teen-age promiscuity, Maddox believes, is behind much parental anxiety about I II :1 m. HOW DO teen-agers start drinking? Maddox reports that "the typical first exposure to alcohol is in the home, with the parents." There is "total lack of evidence that a non-drinking youngster is inevitably seduced into drinking by his friends that do drink," Maddox said. Maddox found that teens who intended to assume an "adult" role after graduation marriage, a career, the army were more likely to drink than those who planned to go to college.

The specific occasion most often cited for heavy drinking by the teen-ageers was the graduation party. This, Maddox described, as "an improvised rite of passage from adolescence into adulthood." Research shows that heavy drinking is not typical even of delinquent teen-age gangs and is a condition for acceptance into a gang. Maddox found that adolecent cliques in high school tend to form on the basis of behavior patterns developed at home including drinking. MADDOX SAID he believes the emotional abstainer the older teen-ager who doesn't drink himself and frowns on drinking by others may be more of a problem than the teen-ager who can take it or leave it. "When he finds others drinking in a-new environment, his adjustment problems can be very great.

Every day he sees associates doing something he considers very wrong. He's even asked to drink himself 'everybody else does' and this can create a severe strain." Also a prime target for further research, Maddox said, is the chronic drinker the teen-ager who consistently drinks to excess or gets Into trouble. "These two types, the abstainer and the chronic drinker, should give us Insights into problem drinking," Maddox said. vAs for the large group in the mlddlai those who have no strong feelings one way or the other about drinking Maddox believes alcohol education is necessary. "Teen-agers should be instructed about (alcohol) use, what its effects are, not only what it can do to you, but what it can do for you.

"Alcohol is integrated into the life of too many people to attempt to eliminate its use. What we need what teen-agers need is knowledge about its use." 1 i I I -1 I If I "I mtm chance at the title, he faoed Bent Larsen of Denmark in a game that has continued to occupy the minds of analysts. It was one of those complicated games in which what could have happened is more interesting than what actually occurred. The latest shift in analysis of the game has come from Bronstein. To describe Bronstein's discovery we will take up the play after White's (Bronstein) 21st move (21.

N-K8). Bronstein has just sacrificed a rook on his Kl-square in order to launch an attack against Lar-sen's king. mm mm BY WILLIAM J. BULT Frt Prau ChMi Editor "The Russians are cheating!" This slur on the eliminations for the world chess championship caused the Federation Internationale des (FIDE) to react like the American colonists did to "The British are coming!" There was a revolution. The slur was cast by U.S.

Champion Robert Fischer, who asserted in a national maga-Elne that under procedures then current the Russians were throwing games to one of their many entrants. The FIDE quickly prevented all chances of hanky-panky by turning the final phase of the world title eliminations into a series of matches between contenders rather than a tournament where games could be fixed. WHILE THIS will satisfy Fischer's objections, the Brooklyn prodigy still will not be competing for the crown held by Tigran Petrosian because he has refused to participate in the necessary tournaments. Enter Soviet Grand Master David Bronstein. He proposed that the U.S.

champion be invited to the elimination matches anyway-long with seven other strong masters who had been eliminated in Interzonal tournaments. Bronstein's proposal was rejected by delegates at the Chess, Olympics in Israel late last year. One can only speculate oii Bronstein's motives for suggesting that the elimination matches be expanded, but perhaps his own elimination had something to do with it. TN THE 19TH ROOD of the interzonal tournament that separated Bronstein from a HQ E3 mm ITow did Black cause a mate? dor -Moehring (East Germany) played in Tel Aviv in 1964. White moved his knight to QN3.

How did black effect a mate? Solution will be published next week. Readers have requested that in addition to problem solutions we republish the diagram involved. Since we do hot have the space, we shall give the diagram position from now on in Forsyth notation, a form of chess shorthand. The notation works as follows Starting at the upper left side of the diagram and recording left to right, the pieces are identified by their initial letters. Capital letters represent White pieces and lower case letters represent Black.

The vacant squares are represented by numbers. The end of each rank is identified by a slash (). Thus the diagram for the game Foguelman-Darga in this article would be written in Forsyth as: rib 3 lppb3pp8 3N42Ppq33n2PlPPlQ3P 5 RK1. PROBLEM SOLUTIOX Last week's puzzler (position: 88885p2Klp2Qlb22RlB2 r4k3) was White to mate in two moves. The key move is QxP! The composer is Dr.

W. Speckmann. E3 am is if 21., ch, K-Rl and mate. The game B-B4; 22. Qx and ended however, for Darga by: Q-K4 B-K3 K-Rl B-KX1 that Darga missed.

have had two a rook and a position. This analysis in the and accepted by as correct. in the analysis If Darga had line of play he lost. Can you not, starting from position: Q-K4 B-K3 not 23. N-K7 ch, RxQ K-Rl ch B-KX1 mate right to choose not fall into the of the week above right) is Cevallos (Ecua- Emm QxR, PxQ; 30.

NxQ, Rx and White resigned. 25. 26. P-K7 27. K-R2 28.

29. Q-KBl R8ch Q-B4 RxQ In calculating the possibili- ties of 25. PxP, Bronstein apparently must have overlooked this surprising possibility. The following variations show that Bronstein could at least have achieved a drawn game: (A) 29., R-K4; 30. N-B6 ch and White wins on account of 30., K-B2; 81.

P-K8 db ch or 30., K-Rl; 31. P-K8Q ch followed by 32. R-R7 mate. (B) 29 R-Kl; 80. QP with an exchange toward a good end game.

If now 80. N-Bl? then 31, NxR1, Nx 32. N-B6 ch! (C) 29., R-QN1; 30. R-QN7, R-QRl; 81. R-QR7 with a draw by repetition of moves, which seems best for both parties.

Ka. grand master and chess columnist for the Los Angeles Times, turned up an interesting game from the same tournament. It occurred between Alberto Foguelman of Argentina and Klaus Darga of West Germany. then 23. continued in a The found 21.

22. 23. 24. The 25. Darga bishops winning was both Then was followed would the 21.

22. And but 23. 24. 25. 26.

Darga the trap. The (see from idea 22. N-K7 R-B8 21. 23. draw.

analysts, a win Q-KB8 N-K7 ch Q-B8 ch point apparently had QxR would against published tournament bulletin players a flaw discovered. that have discover it? If diagram Q-KB3 now first: X-K7 was draw and problem diagram the game 21. BxPch Black could not capture the knight for after 21. PxN; 22. Q-KN4 White's attack will be decisive: 22., P-KN4; 23.

Q-R5. 22. This capture has been criticized, but probably without justification. It is not certain that 22. K-R2 would have been stronger.

Larsen's intention was to continue with 22. B-Q5. If White now captures Black's queen, Black would have approximate equivalency after 23. QR including a dangerous initiative. It seems that after 22.

K-R2, B-Q5 White would be better off to move 23. Q-B3 which would lead to a difficult situation after: 23., P-KB4; 24. NxQ, QR 25. RxN; 26. QxRP, N-Q2; 27.

QxP ch, B-N2; 28. P-KN4! 1.