Detroit Free Press from Detroit, Michigan • Page 32

AC DETROIT FREE PRESSSUNDAY, MARCH 19, ere's amo a. Ab a Th I I 1 I 1 fW CREDIT UNION Embezzlement indictment doesn't cost directors' jobs EVEN THOUGH their former general manager, Donald F. Hoyt, has been indicted on charges of embezzling $2 million, three directors of the Macomb County School Employes Credit Union have won re-election. The directors had been under fire from irate members for failing to discover any embezzlement. But the embarrassed incumbents staved off challenges from four other candidates at the credit union's annual meeting last week.

Clubbing seals 'tests mettle' "SEALING IS AN ENTERPRISE with an air of adventure pursued in a hostile environment which tests the mettle of its participants." That was part of a reply sent by the Canadian government to the president of a small manufacturing concern in Warren. Jerome Shulec, 49, had earlier dashed off a message to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, informing him that Shulec and seven others were canceling a planned trip to Toronto. Their beef: The Canadian harp seal slaughter. Shulec has also ordered "Boycott Canada" bumper stickers and plans to spread the message to friends. 51.

'UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB (586-644)-Muham-mad's St. Paul 52. ASOKA (about 300-232 B.C.) most important monarch of India 53. ST. AUGUSTINE (354-430) defender of Christianity 54.

MAX PLANCK (1858-1947) father of quantum mechanics 55. JOHN CALVIN (1509-1564) dogmatist of the Protestant ethic 56. WILLIAM T. G. MORTON (1819-1868) dentist who developed surgical-anesthesia 57.

WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1 657) discoverer of the circulatory system 58. ANTOINE HENRI BECQUEREL (1852-1908) discoverer of radioactivity 59. GREGOR MENDEL 1 822-1 884) discoverer of genetic heredity 60. JOSEPH LISTER 1827-191 2) developer of antiseptic surgery 61. NIKOLAUS AUGUST OTTO (1832-1891) designer of the internal combustion engine 62.

LOUIS DAGUERRE (1787-1851) father of photography 63. JOSEPH STALIN (1879-1953) Soviet dictator 64. RENE DESCARTES (1599-1650) mechanistic philosopher 65. JULIUS CAESAR (1 00-44 B.C.) Roman conqueror 66. FRANCISCO PIZZARO (about 1475-1541) Spanish conqueror of the Incas 67.

HERNANDO CORTES (1485-1547) Spanish conqueror of Mexico 68. QUEEN ISABELLA I (1451-1504) spur to Spanish colonialism and the Spanish Inquisition 69. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (about 1 027-1 087) last successful invader of England 70. THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-1826) theoretician of American democracy 71. JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) romantic philosopher 72.

EDWARD JENNER (1749-1823) developer of smallpox vaccination 73. WILHELM CONRAD RONTGEN (1845-1923) discoverer of X-rays 74. JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH (1685-1750) technically, the finest composer 75. LAO TZU (fourth century B.C.) Taoist philosopher 76. ENRICO FERMI (1901-1954) designer of the first nuclear reactor 77.

THOMAS MALTHUS (1766-1834) prophet of doom by overpopulation 78. FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626) philosopher of science 79. VOLTAIRE (Francis Marie Arouet, 1694-1778) rational liberal philosopher 80. JOHN F. KENNEDY (1917-1963) prime mover of the Apollo space program 81.

GREGORY PINCUS(1903-1967)-developer of the birth control pill 82. SUI WEN TI (541-604) reunifier of China 83. MANI (216-276)-founder of the Manichaeist faith 84. VASCO DA GAM A (about 1 460-1 524) first to sail from Europe to India 85. CHARLEMAGNE (742-814) architect of the Holy Roman Empire 86.

CYRUS THE GREAT (about 590-529 B.C.) founder of the Persian Empire 87. LEONHARD EULER 1 707-1 783) physicist who expanded on Newton 88. NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI(1469-1527)-amoral political philosopher 89. ZOROASTER (about 628-551 B.C.)-founderof the Zoroastrian faith 90. MENES (3 1st century B.C.)-king of the first Egyptian dynasty 91.

FETER THE GREAT (1672-1725) the greatest 'Russian czar 92. MENCIUS (about 371-289 B.C.)-Confucius' successor 93. JOHN DALTON 1766-1844) chemist who applied atomic theory to chemistry 94. HOMER (eight century B.C.) Greek epic poet 95. QUEEN ELIZABETH I (1533-1603) the greatest British monarch 96.

JUSTINIAN I (483-565) codifier of Roman law 97. JOHANNES KEPLER (1571-1630) discoverer of the laws of planetary motion 98. PABLO PICASSO (1881-1973) central figure in movement away from representational art 99. MAHAVIRA (about 599-527 B.C.)-developer of the Indian religion, Jainism 1 00. NIELS BOHR 1 885-1 962) father of the theory of atomic structure Among the runners-up: St.

Thomas Aquinas, Archimedes, Charles Babbage (who worked out the theory of the digital computer), the Egyptian king Cheops, Marie Curie, Benjamin Franklin, Mohandas Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, Ferdinand Magellan and Leonardo Da Vinci. Continued from 1C 28. MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867) inventor of the electrical generator 29. JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831-1879)-formu-lator of basic laws of electricity and magnetism 30. ORVILLE (1871-1948) and WILBUR (1867-1912) WRIGHT inventors of the airplane 31.

ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER (1743-1794) most important figure in chemistry 32. SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939) originator of psychoanalysis 33. ALEXANDER THE GREAT (356-323 B.C.)-the greatest warrior 34. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE (1769-1821)-emperor and reformer of France 35. ADOLF HITLER (1889-1945) leader of Nazi Germany 36.

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564-1616)-most influential literary figure 37. ADAM SMITH (1723-1790) most important economic theorist, 38. THOMAS EDISON 1 847-1931 prolific inventor 39. ANTONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723)- discoverer of microbes 40. PLATO (427-347 B.C.) founder of western political and ethical thought 41.

GUGLIELMOMARCONI(1874-1937)-inventorof the radio 42. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827) the greatest musical composer 43. WERNER HEISENBERG (1901-1976) theorist in quantum mechanics 44. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL (1847-1922) inventor of the telephone 45. ALEXANDER FLEMING (1881-1955) discoverer of penicillin 46.

SIMON BOLIVAR (1783-1830) South American liberator 47. OLIVER CROMWELL 1 599-1 658) instigator of British parliamentary democracy 48. JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) formulator of constitutional democracy 49. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (1475-1564) most important visual artist 50. POPE URBAN II (1042-1099) the Pope who launched the Christian Crusades A puzzling problem Six tries and six misses by the catcher wrV 'XpJVi f-fliPI 41 'jrfJrV If -lSll called schizophrenia At some time in their lives, one percent of the world's population will live in an altered reality, where they will see, hear, and feel a world that doesn't exist for other people, one that is sometimes flat and joyless, sometimes terrifying.

This is the world of schizophrenia, a mental illness that is as well-known and widespread as it is poorly understood. One-fourth of all the hospital beds in the United States are occupied by schizophrenia patients, although at any one time about a fifth of schizophrenics are hospitalized. The introduction of powerful mood-altering drugs in the early 1950s (Thorazine is probably the best well-known of these) has freed many schizophrenics from hospital beds. But the drugs do not cure schizophrenia, nor are they effective in all cases. Doctors aren't even sure exactly why or how drugs like Thorazine work.

The uncertainties about schizophrenia also extend to its diagnosis. Although there are "textbook" cases that all doctors would diagnose as schizophrenia, it is not uncommon for one doctor to call a patient schizophrenic, while another doctor will insist that he is severely neurotic, psychotic, or the victim of some other mental disorder. It is generally agreed now that schizophrenia probably is not even a single disease but, like cancer, a group of related disorders. But that is one of the few areas of agreement. Despite (or perhaps because of) intensive research, there is no consensus on the cause of schizophrenia.

Some argue that it is primarily an inherited disorder, others that it is caused by environmental pressures, others that is the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain, and still others that the cause is a combination of all three factors. There is evidence to support all those theories. The genetic evidence strongly indicates that schizophrenia is at least partly, and at least sometimes, an inherited disease. The closer the family relationship between a schizophrenic and another individual, the greater the likelihood that that other person will also develop schizophrenia. THE CHILD of a schizophrenic has about a 15 percent chance of developing the disorder, and the risk is the same for a sister, brother, or fraternal twin of a schizophrenic.

If both parents have schizophrenia, each of their children has a 50-50 chance of getting it, too. The identical twin of a schizophrenic is at even greater risk. It could be argued that this relationship is purely environmental that children, brothers, and sisters of schizophrenics are at greater risk because they are exposed to the same disturbing influences. But even when the family members of schizophrenics are adopted and grow up far away from their schizophrenic relatives, they develop the disorder at a much higher rate than the general population. Nevertheless, it's clear that environment must also play a role, because most relatives of schizophrenics don't develop schizophrenia.

It may be that schizophrenia is similar to other chronic diseases, like diabetes and heart disease, in this respect. A person whose mother had heart disease or high blood pressure may be at greater risk for these diseases, But he can lower that risk by keeping his weight down, by exercising, and by avoiding cigarets. If he does all that, he may end up at lower risk for heart disease and high blood pressure than somebody with no history of the diseases in his family who is sedentary, overweight, and a smoker. Unfortunately, nobody has yet identified the environmental 'risk factors' for schizophrenia, so there are no handy tips available for lowering that risk. One theory that has attracted a lot of researchers in recent years suggests that schizophrenia is a chemical disorder, something like diabetes.

The brain of a normal individual is kept in balance by the actions of dozens of different chemicals that control the rate at which brain cells send signals to each other. A slight excess or deficiency of any one of these chemicals could seriously disrupt this sensitive communications network, causing a variety of physical and emotional disorders. And, in fact, a number of researchers claim to have found excesses or deficiencies of various chemicals in the blood and other body fluids of schizophrenics. Some have reported that injections of serum from schizophrenics has caused rats to behave strangely, made spiders spin bizarre-looking webs, and driven normal volunteers mad. But many of these studies have been poorly done, could not be duplicated by other researchers, or have found chemical differences that are not unique to schizophrenics.

Nevertheless, many scientists are convinced that at least some schizophrenics are suffering from a chemical imbalance. One of these scientists is Charles Frohman, a biochemist at Detroit's Lafayette Clinic who has spent more than a decade searching for the cause of that imbalance. He has isolated one chemical that his studies have shown is present in the brains of normal people but absent or deficient in the brains of schizophrenics. The chemical is a peptide, a portion of a protein. Frohman has completed extensive tests in rats and beagles to prove the chemical's safety, and is now ready to petition the Federal Food and Drug Administration for permission to use it in humans.

The chemical has produced behavior changes in beagles; Frohman hopes it will do the same for i schizophrenics. The flying Gacno in mid-act: Timing is everything. Continued from 1C Lucite rings that leads from the ground to the pedestal board, 40 feet up, from which the fliers take off. She ascended with the aerial-ist's distinctive sideways climb, grasping only one of the side ropes of the ladder and going up oh the outside, placing each slippered foot carefully around the side rope and onto a rung. NOW TITO GAONA himself walked in, wearing a golden costume decorated with triangles of red spangles.

"Miss Concello, hello." Tito called up to her, in a voice that combined respect with the familiarity that is seemly between two of the finest players in the 119-year history of trapeze flying. Big brother Armando set up the video recorder so that he and their father could study what Tito and his catcher had, or had not, done right. Titp's catcher and cousin, Lalo Murillo, 33, was now hanging upside down from the catchbar of the trapeze in the catcher's end of the flying rig, (which is called the catch trap). Contrary to common belief, a catcher does not hang by his knees from the catchbar, but supports his weight by circling his legs with the ropes above his bar. If the catcher were hanging by his knees, a flyer traveling as fast as Tito Goano goes would pull him off the bar as if he'd been yanked by an elephant hook.

'Now Tito climbed to the pedestal9 Now Tito climbed to the high pedestal, wiping perspiration from his hands with a towel in the hot, humid air. Miss Concello swung the trapeze close to Chela, and before she handed it to Tito, Chela coated it with magnesium so that the perspiration on Tito's hands wouldn't make it slippery and dangerous. "It's to close the pores on the hands, so the sweat won't come out," explained Victor Goana, a short, stocky, muscular man with a Cantinflas mustache. "When it's cold, we need resin. When it's hot and humid, we need magnesium." "Go," shouted Armando from the ground.

Tito swung forward, hanging full length from the bar. His back was arched, his toes were pointed. He pumped himself up higher than the rigging, to the very peak of the trapeze arc. Tito swung back. He was hanging from the lybar with his weight, to bring it back as fast and as far as possible, on his back swing, too, he went higher than the rigging.

Forward again fast. "Break." shouted Armando. Tito pulled his knees up to his chest, tucked his head down, let go of the bar, grasped his legs and revolved like something out of "Star Wars." He was in his "tuck," and he was flying through the air, and he was turning somersaults as he flew. He spun with increasing velocity. During his second revolution, his body seemed several feet higher than it did in the first.

The third revolution was fastest of all. During the fourth revolution, his muscles tensed to open his arms and slow the fall and to reach out, blindly, for the hand of the catcher. "Open," shouted Armando. LESS THAN A SECOND had elapsed from the time that Tito let go of the trapeze. Coming out of that fourth somersault, traveling through space at an estimated 75 miles an hour, Tito would be too disoriented to find Lalo.

Lalo, who was swinging slowly forward to meet him, would have to find Tito and he only a few microseconds to grasp the silken taping on Tito's arms. Lalo did grasp Tito but he failed to grip him. His hands slipped off Tito's arms in the humid air. Tito plummeted into the net, acting with catlike reflexes to break the fall with his back and massive shoulders, and not with the base of his skull. That day, Tito tried five times more.

All six times, he accomplished the four somersaults, but each time that he stretched out his arms, the catcher missed him or held him only briefly before dropping him to the net. ncs th catcher's over human flesh on the hand of a man who wanted to fly like an angel. ON OPENING NIGHT for the 1978 season, Dec. 29 in Venice, the ringmaster announced the trick for the first time; again, Tito and Lalo failed to connect. And Tito's hand got worse.

At first, Tito was downcast. But his basic optimism soon bubbled up. "Opening night at the Garden is probably the best place in the world. It's like home to me. The rigging is high.

The arena is aircondi-tioned. And I'm a people-man I do my best trying to please people and the crowds are so enthusiastic at the Garden. And everyone knows me there, from the last sweeper to the ushers to the managers. They all say, 'Hey Tito The thought of trying in Madison Square Garden reminded him that the key lesson had been there all the time, in that movie that he adopted at 1 4 as his Technicolored destiny. He explained it to me from memory.

"In the beginning, the catcher, Mike Burt Lancaster, you know, he tells Tino, 'Remember, there's a little clock inside of you and a little clock inside of me and we've got to keep those clocks ticking alongside of each And in the end, Tino is going to New York, to the Garden, see, to try the triple. "When the reporters ask Tino how he does the trick, Tino looks at Mike and he says, 'It's like having a little clock inside of you, telling you what time it is and you've got to keep that clock ticking alongside your Tito Gaona and Lalo Murillo clasped wrist-to- wrist as if they were connecting in midair. On the hippodrome track, an elephant trumpeted. Copyright (c) 1978 John Cuihane. From the Npw York T'Ties Magazine.

Distributed by New YorK Times Special Features. trust implicitly that the catcher will find them. TITO WAS JUMPING up and down as he watched the shadowy gray figure on the video screen that was himself doing four somersaults off the flying trapeze, then opening from his tuck at just the right moment for the catcher to find him. "I'm so excited," he said. "More than ever, because I'm there now." Lalo, who is as calm as Tito is ebuillent, studied the shadowy gray figure on the screen that was himself dropping Tito.

He said quietly, "I think I see it. Too early timing and too much swing. I think tomorrow I'll surprise you." Tito is not given to introspection or regrets. After the fruitless practice session, in no time he had changed into a python-skin sports jacket and was making his way through the winter quarters parking lot to his brand-new silver Lincoln Continental, shouting greetings at pretty girls in half a dozen languages that he has learned in the most pleasant way imaginable. Next to the car and the trapeze, he likes soccer best: he is a friend of Pele, and the star and coach of a circus soccer team that plays wherever worthy competition can be found.

ON SUNDAY, Tito tried the quadruple twice more, and seemed very close. But on the third takeoff from the pedestal, he did not do any somersaults. He just swung back to the pedestal. He looked at his hand. All the skin had come off the upper part of his palm.

"We're so close, so close," he mourned. He had to stop practicing even the family, act for a week, until human skin grew back problem, "Tito's right there," pronounced Victor paterfamiliarly. "He can't make it no better than that. It's the catcher's problem not Tito." But the catcher had a problem that is Tito's problem, too: In a quadruple, more than in any other trick, the flier is traveling at such a high rate of speed that the wrong kind of contact can be dangerous. In almost catching the flier, the catcher can overturn him, causing the flier to land on the net in such a way that he breaks his neck.

Or, in catching him at the wrong instant, the catcher can injure the flier by the shock of the pull on the arms. Yet if the flier tries to facilitate the catch by groping for the catcher, he can upset the calculations of one who is moving more slowly, and one who can thus see more clearly. So the flier must put his arms where the catcher can find them and then must i.