Detroit Free Press from Detroit, Michigan • Page 1

CITY EDITION 1 cm Weather Report Cooler with scattered showers Saa Tin 5:37: lets On Guard-f or Over a Century Four Cents 113th Year 30 Pages iTuesday, June 22, 1943. No. 49 nnnronnn nnnn ns? fn il i I set my hand and caused to be affixed the great seal of the State of Michigan this Twenty-first Day of June, 1913. Gov. Kelly at 6 p.

m. signed a proclamation declaring a state of martial law in Detroit. Mili- HARRY F. KELLY, Governor tion thereto, all duly constituted civil authorities in the execution of the law of the state. The necessity for such aid and assistance is declared to extend to the following-counties ofUhe State of Michigan, namely: Wayne, Oakland and Macomb.

In witness whereof, I have here unto read: Harry F. Kelly, governor of the State of Michigan and Commander in Chief of the military forces of the said State of Michigan, herehy declare a state of emergency and the necessity for the armed forces of the State of Michigan to aid and assist, hut in subordina tary rule of the City mil begin 111 addition Gov. Kelly prohibited the sale of all liquor until further notice. All places of amusement were, ordered closed at 9 p. m.

Monday. at 10 p. m. The streets were ordered cleared at that hour. The Governor's proclamation nnTK3T "yv a-Vw 1 mi, 1 1 ,1,1 rSiHt iTrTffiCi.MiMiiinr "Al miotwiMii mrnrwimiinig'- jait i A Free Press Photo POLICE COME TO THE RESCUE OF TERRIFIED NEGROES CHASED AND BEATEX BY ROV1XG BANDS OF H1UTES Home-Front Slump Seen by.

Senators War Mobilization Committee Calls for a 'High Command9 Mobs Rove the City to Stir Trouble Eyewitnesses Describe Endless Series of Attacks on Negroes llDead, SOOHurt; Rioting Goes On Looting and Violence Spread over City; Bars, Stores Closing A military police batallion from Fort Custer, together with State Troops from all parts of Michigan, moved in on Detroit Monday afternoon as race riots which began Sunday night continued to spread through the North and East Sides of the city. Brig. Gen. William E. Gunther, in charge of military police for the Army's Sixth Service Command, arrived in Detroit early ia the afternoon to take charge for the military.

Looting and continued violence rocked the city. tf; Eleven were dead, three white and eight Negro, at 5:30 p. and at least 500 had been treated for injuries ranging from bruises Riot Foes Fraternize atHospital Wounded Negroes and Whites Sit Side by Side as Staff Works Tirelessly Receiving Hospital was probably the one place in Detroit Monday where Negroes and white men met on amicable terms. Bleeding: Negroes and whites sat side by side, sometimes even talking together, as the staff of 200 nurses and 60 doctors and internes battled tirelessly to staunch the flow-of blood and patchup broken bodies. A few minutes earlier the In By the Aoelated Press WASHINGTON.

June 21 Declaring that the home front is sagging "dangerously," the Senate War Mobilization Committee called today for a domestic "high command" to make sure that the Nation's energies shall "no longer be dissipated by loose management." Citing what it called a "lack of centralized direction of the war effort" and "failure to mobilize fully the will and energies of all groups," the committee said: "Establishing a high command jured had been the hunted or hunt on the home front becomes even more timely as our troops gird for great offensive actions." 6 STEPS RECO.M3IEXDED The report, signed by Chairman Harley M. Kilgore, West Virginia Democrat, and Democratic Senators Elbert D. Thomas, Utah; Edwin C. Johnson, Colorado; Mon C. Wallgren, Washington, and James E.

Murray, Montana, recommended: 1 A cross- the-board price control "at all levels of production and distribution." 2 Clear-cut direction of the distribution and allocation of basic food and clothing supp'ies to support rationing. 3 The formation and execution of a single policy on subsidies. 4 Establishment of a requirements committee to inquire into military, lend-lease and civilian needs. 5 Participation by management, labor and agriculture in a War Mobilization Board working under direction of the Office of War Mobilization. 6 Incentive wage plans to spur war production.

Alluding to a report made May 13, the committee said that since Turn to Page 4, Column 5 Additional Riot Pictures on Pages 13, 20 and 30 3 Years of Strife Behind Disorders Persistent Predictions of Race Rioting Become Tragic Reality BY JAMES S. POOLER I rr rim Writer What happened in Detroit Monday was neither unexpected nor unpredicted. For three years the rumblings of the racial eruption have been close to the surface. It may be more than passingly significant that the talk, never discreet, always set the race riot for summer and the place as Belle Isle. That is where it started on the eve of 'summer before it spread unwholesomely across a bridge and throughout a city of 2,000,000 purported civilized beings.

It did not take a prophet to know the riot was coming. Loose talk, blowing on hot prejudices, may have fanned it, but even the unemotional analyst could see the cumulative evidence the housing troubles, the protest against racial discrimination in industry, the sporadic violence in high schools, and only a few days ago the Tackard strike, rooted in racial antagonism. Detroit has been building steadily for three years toward a race riot and it cannot disregard the harsh fact that Monday's killings broke loose in remote sections. 15-YEAR PERIOD OF COMPARATIVE PEACE There were nearly 15 years in which the city's white and black man lived in order. This was the period that followed the last serious rioting in 1925 when Dr.

Ossian H. Sweet moved to 2905 Garland and earned the resentment of white neighbors. In an ensuing neighborhood clash Leon E. Breiner, a white man, was killed. In the celebrated trial which followed, Clarence Darrow came to Detroit to defend the 11 Negroes charged with murder and to plead eloquently for tolerance.

It was in the following years, when there was much talk of social reforms, when a depression came along to drop living conditions to new lows and aggravate the poverty of the city's Negroes, when a Negro boy named Joe Louis emerged from that poverty to become the heavyweight champion, when George Washington Carver, Negro scientist, was coming to Detroit with his honors, that the racial problem seemed to have fallen away. This did not mean that tolerance had come and resentments passed but there was no significant trouble. It was in the last three years, when the industrial boom brought new settlers to Detroit and brought the Negroes problems, both economic and in housing, into focus, that the increasing rumors Turn to Page 7, Column 5 ers in the noting a few blocks away, but now the fight was over. AWAIT TREATMENT Dazed and mostly silent, they sat there mopping faces with blood tinged handkerchiefs or strips of torn shirt until the doctors could get to them. Blood was everywhere.

Atten in Downtown Area Free Press reporters downtown and in the Woodward-Mack sector observed a virtually endless series of attacks by white rioters upon Negroes who had wandered unknowingly into the danger zone. Their eyewitness reports, however, are confined to the areas under white domination. In Negro neighborhoods, particularly along Hastings, stores owned by white persons were looted by Negroes and many white persons were attacked, according to police reports. Police refused to allow whites to enter this area. A crowd of white men, mostly youths, with a sprinkling of soldiers and sailors, ranged up and down the six-block stretch on Woodward north of Peterboro, attacking every Negro man they could catch.

A northbound Woodward street car was stopped at Mack when the rioters pulled the trolley from the wire. Mobs poured in the front and side doors after two Negroes. Screaming women in the rear of the car jumped or were carried out the open back window while the mob dragged its two victims out the doors. The two men were beaten down to the iron-grilled floor of the car stop and pounded with fists and feet into semi-consciousness before police arrived and took them to Receiving Hospital. CARS ARE BURNED At least a half-dozen cars driven by Negroes were turned over and burned on Woodward and adjoining streets and alleys.

One of the first a large black Lincoln Zephyr was turned over just east of Woodward on Stims.on Turn to Page 8, Column 1 dants whose grey mops had turned House Passes Army Funds By the Associated Presa WASHINGTON, June 21 Without a dissenting vote, the House passed and sent to the Senate today a $71,510,438,873 War Department appropriation bill to meet the Army's request for funds to "bring the war home to Japan, Germany and Italy." The record vote was 345 to 0. Biggest supply bill in history, the measure. Department officials told the House Appropriations Committee, will permit the recruiting and equipment of 7,500,000 men by the end of this year and furnish approximately 100,000 airplanes for incessant bombing of the Axis. red could not keep the of the emergency admitting and operating- rooms free of it. Nurses and doctors who had worked stead ily since Sunday night had no time to change blood-clotted operating gowns and uniforms for fresh ones.

Grimmer still was the spectacle in the driveway at the rear of the hospital where ambulances and to fractured skulls, at Receiving Hospital alone. No estimate was available on the number treated at other hospitals or by private physicians. Police had arrested 614 persons in the first 20 hours of the rioting. They were charged with inciting to riot, breaking and entering, felonious assault and reckless driving. Only one woman had been arrested.

She was held at McGraw Station for disturbing the peace. Production in some war plants was slowed as afternoon workers stayed away from work from fear of rioters, and Federal officials appealed to Detroiters to cease rioting in the interest of the "wai! effort. The dead: JOHN FRAILACH. 43, of 14230 Waj-ne, white, found at p. m.

on Brush near Warren, shot through the chest. He was identified through a gasoline ration book issued to a trucking company. BILLY HARDGES, 27, of 987 Division, Negro, shot by Sergt, George Pallister, who said Hardges was looting. ROBERT DAVIS, 29, of 620 E. Euclid.

Negro, shot by police CARL SINGLETON, 19 of 968 E. Warren, Negro, shot bj) police. ANDERSON FORD, 43, of 968 E. Warren, Negro, shot police. Turn to Page-19, Column 8.2 On Inside Pages police cars bringing in new vic tims-competed with tne morgue wagons coming for the bodies of the dead.

WORST CALAMITY Dr. Austin Z. Howard, senior surgeon, said mat tne riot, irom the standpoint of dead and injured, Lyons 6 My Day 15 Merry-Go-R'd 6 Newton 6 Quillen 6 Radio 29 Reporter 29 Sports 22-23 Town Crier 30 Washington 15 Women's 14-16 Amusements 17 Bingay 6 Clapper 15 Classified 24-28 Crossword 24 Edgar Guest 6 Financial 18-19 Grafton 15 Horoscope 30 Iffy 30 Turn to Page 2, Column 5 ENTERTAIN" HEROES Fifteen wounded veterans of the South Pacific and African theaters of war Monday were guests of employees in the tire raft building of the Ford. Motor Co. touring the plant to see assembly of Pratt Whitney aircraft engines.

DAC take liinr offrra yon trip hr wir to Buffalo all-ippni $19.23. No interference with wr effort. Plenty of room. Sail any day. Call CA.

9800. Adv..