Detroit Free Press from Detroit, Michigan • Page 1

Wcalhcr Report Slightly cooler Wednesday 101 NT TIESDAV 36 METROPOLITAN FINAL EDITION On Guard for Over a Century- Wednesday, July 22, 1942. No. 79 112th Year 26 Pages Three Cents TO Mm Meets Friend of 70 Years' Standing 44,143 U.S. Casualties in War Listed to Date The World Today (JULY 21, mi) Subs Sink 3 Mope Jap Destroyers Toll Raised to 18 in Aleutian Area as U.S. Forces Press Attack Through Fog HI 4 i as if Nazis Drive on Rostov from 3 Sides Mass for Attempt to Seize City; Reds Say Foe Is in 'Deadly Terir at Voronezh Hr Die AwnrUlert rrfM MOSCOW, July 22, (Wednes A Shipbuilding U.S.

Reveals Space Is Restricted to Essential Cargoes; WPB Studies rian for Air Freighters Rr Hte AmiwUImI Pre The War Shipping Administration anncunced Tuesday night that shipping losses the week of July 12 were the highest since the start of the war and that sinkings of United Nations vessels "have greatly exceeded new construction." The grim disclosure came during a day in which the Navy announced the loss of four more recovered fully and returned to duty. The Army listed 902 killed, 1,413 wounded and 17,452 missing; the Philippine Scouts, 479 killed, 754 wounded, and 11,000 missing; the Navy, 3.420 killed, 1.051 wounded, and 7,672 missing. Prisoners Not Included In addition, the Navy listed 1,022 known prisoners of war. not included in its "missing" total above. Acknowledged as prisoners were 52 Navy officers and 249 enlisted men; 40 Marine Corps officers and 681 enlisted men.

No Coast Guard casualties were mentioned. No names were given in the report. In the World War, 8,690 officers and 224,490 enlisted men of the AEF were killed and wounded. Those killed in action and those who died of their wounds aggregated 50,510. In the Navy in the World War, 30 officers and 326 enlisted men were killed in action, 6 officers and 52 men died of wounds and 41 officers and 416 men were lost at sea.

I' DR. GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER Wonders about Limber Lou Dr. Carver Tells of Prizing Paper He Got as a Boy of 10 New York Tlm Sen if WASHINGTON, July 21-The United States armed forces have suffered total casualties of since the outbreak of hostilities, the Office of War Information announced today. The total includes killed, wounded and missing of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard and Philippine Scouts. It does not include the heavy casualties of the Philippine Commonwealth Army which thus lar are not accurately known.

Most Lost In Far Kant The bulk of Army casualties are in missing." Since most of these were at Bataan and Corregidor in the Philippines and in Java, they are believed to be prisoners of war. Only 20 of these, however, have been reported officially as prisoners of war. The Navy reports 1,022 officially confirmed prisoners of war, 301 Navy personnel and 721 Marines. No Coast Guardsmen are prisoners. The Army reports that of 1,41.1 wounded, at least 475 have F.D.R.

Drafts Message on Inflation Curbs Savs He Doesn't Plan to Freeze Wages Be the I'lilted Pre WASHINGTON, July 21-Pres-ident Roosevelt today reiterated that the principal war-time domestic problem is maintenance of a firm thumb on the cost of living and said he plans an early message to Congress on new steps to combat inflation. He told a press conference that the message would deal with the broad problem of living costs but he gave his listeners no clews as to details. Questioned About Wage The Chief Executive was questioned regarding steps that might be taken to control wages in an effort to make price controls more effective. "Do you intend to freeze wages?" he was -asked. He replied with a flat no.

He then was asked whether he would ask Congress to freeze wages, hut smiled and interrupted his questioner, asking him to wait a minute. He added that if anything was said on that it would be said in a message to Congress. The first real essential so far as the domestic war effort is concerned is the keeping down of living costs, the President said. May Meet with Leader He disclosed that he may meet with congressional leaders tomorrow in connection with the forthcoming message which probably will keep Congress working through the proposed pre-election holiday. The President has told his legislative advisers it may be necessary to abandon the recess in order to equip Leon Henderson's Office of Price Administration with further anti-inflation controls.

Observers believed that Mr. Roosevelt's statement closed the door to possible wage stabilization by executive order and placed the problem squarely up to Congress. Some congressional leaders think he may point to the recent War Labor Board decision in the "Little Steel" case as a guide for wage control. The WLB granted "Little Steel" workers a forty-four-cent-a-day wage increase in a decision based on a formula that all workers are entitled to increases if their wages are not commensurate with increased living costs within a specified period. FROM THE INSIDE Free Titb nourishing foods, told the story of that old copy of the Free Press to the paper's present managing editor Tuesday.

"It was a whole new world to me," he said, "I had learned to read but I had only one book. It was a Webster speller. Everything else I knew I had learned in the woods and fields. "Then I got that copy of the Detroit Free Press. They gave it tu me.

It was my paper. I read it over and over. I would put it away and coma back to it once more. Kept Looking for Copies "From that day the Detroit Free Press" he calls it "Dee-troit" had a special meaning for me. You couldn't get many papers then, but every once in a while I would find a new copy and I kept looking for one wherever I went." "Was there," the editor askeri, "any feature in that paper which you remember particularly, Dr.

Carver?" The tired, wrinkled face of the eighty-year-old Negro lighted up. "Yes, sir, there was. It was 'Limber Lou, the Circus "There was part of the story of his adventures in that paper, but you had to get the next papers to find out what happened to him. I couldn't get any more copies and so I never could find out what happened. He Never Finds Out "I felt pretty bad about it, and I thought about that boy, Limber Lou, a lot.

But I just never did find out. It's funny how you remember things like that when you get to be 80 years old." "Do you still want to know what happened to Limber Lou," asked the interviewer. "Oh, my," said the doctor, "I sure would like to find out. But 70 years ago is a long, long time. I don't suppose anybody but me would remember that story." "Perhaps," said the managing editor, "we could find it for you if we went back over the old files.

We'll find it if you want to read It. And George Washington Carver, Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, London; M. S. in Agriculture, Doctor of Science, Collaborator of Mycology and Plant Disease Survey, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, smiled the smile of a 10-year-old boy and said happily, "That will be wonderful." (Free Prs reader with relative or friend In the nation' tlKlitlnt aervlre abroad ran keen them Informed or world eienf bT rHwiinr and i alllnc this dally leatura to them. I THE WAR U.

S. subs sink three more Jap destroyers at Kiska in Aleutians. Wall of Nazi tanks moving in for three-way assault on Rostov and two-way thrust at Stalingrad, but Red counterdrive at Voronezh threatens to cut off foe on Don's east bank. RAF in Africa destroys 50 of Rommel's planes caught on the ground, while British fleet gives Matruh its third and most devastating shelling. London reports parley of high U.S.

and British officials planning limited diversionary tactics for a second front; reliable information shows Japs ready to invade Siberia. U.S. Air Force in China sinks two Jap ships on the Yangtze. Identifying our fighting units' abroad would help make the war more real to the man on the street, gays Royce Howes in his article on Page 18. 23 YEARS AGO TODAY After hours of heavy bomb-bardment, the Germans unleashed attacks at three points on the Aisne front, all of which were broken on the French lines.

NATIONAL AFFAIRS Roosevelt announces Admiral Leahy is to be his chief of staff, presumably to coordinate all U. S. armed forces. President says he'll send Congress a message in a few days on inflation curbs. Secretary of State Hull to make radio address Thursday at 9:30 p.

m. explaining seriousness of war situation. Office of War Information reveals total U.S. casualties since start of war are 44,143 men killed, wounded and missing. War Shipping Administration announces that ship losses in week of July 12 were heaviest of war and warns that sinkings far outstrip new building; civilian shipping- space to be further curtailed; Nelson considers building huge fleet of giant flying boats.

War Labor Board member warns all strike stoppages must end; threatens to invoke treason laws in cases of jurisdictional dispute. IX DETROIT City ofllcials take first step in plan looking toward a giant expansion of Detroit beach facilities. Dr. George Washington Carver, famed Negro scientist visiting Henry Ford, sees war as a golden opportunity for U. S.

science. SPORTS Tigers commit five errors, but their extra-base hits bring 6-4 triumph over Washington Senators and Bo-Bo Newsom. Aaron Burr wins featured Man O'War Purse to become one of five favorites to score at Fair Grounds. FIXANCIAL Rubber firms announce plan for tires for essential uses for everyone for the next two years. "Big Steel" to meet next week with CIO on contract demands paralleling WLB's Little Steel decision; acceptance of terms Cleveland Has 5-Alarm Fire Ry the AnRorlated rrea CLEVELAND, July 21 Two-thirds of an East Side industrial building, nearly three blocks long and housing several shops producing war materials, was destroyed by fire tonight with a loss estimated at $1,000,000 hy Fire Battalion Chief William R.

Ferrie. The structure, located on Ninety-First, was built and formerly occupied by the National Steel Barrel which leased space to various occupants. George A. Maurath, of Maurath, a wire mill, said that damage to his shop amounted to between $125,000 and $150,000. The firm's 25,000 square feet of floor space was gutted.

Firemen said that the blaze appeared to have broken out in a section of the building- occupied by the petroleum works of the Merit Container Division and the Latex Processing Co. Answering a five-alarm call, firefighters brought the flames under control. BBC Wants A'o of 'Slushy Sentiment' LONDON. July 21-fAP) TJie British Broadcasting- Corp. today banned songs of "slushy sentiment" and all suggestive ones and those based on melodies lifted from the classics.

A BBC paid "this is em-phatlcally not a ban on ctm-mira hut ue feel the public not ni inv more of the siiarv sentiment that has beroint) prevalent lar too prevavr.t." Rr Hi 1' tilted Pret WASHINGTON, July 21 United States submarine, attacking relentlessly through the fog and rain of the North Pacific, have sunk three more Japanese destroyers in the vicinity of Kiska in the Aleutian Islands, the Navy announced tonight. The latest successes raising to 18 the number of Jap ships sunk or damaged by United States forces in the Aleutians were made public in a communique which emphasized that Army and Navy bombers are continuing to hammer away at the enemy whenever the weather permits. Army Bombers Strike The most recent air attacks were made by long-range Army bombers on enemy positions at Klska and on ships in the harbor there, but the full results could not be determined because of the fog which almost constantly shrouds the islands. The latest news from the North Pacific came as Anthony J. Dimond, delegate from Alaska, said he had received reports that between 20,000 and 25,000 Japanese troops have been landed in the islands of Attu, Kiska and Agattu.

Warns of Major Terll If these reports are true, he warned, it must be assumed that Japanese activities in the area are of major proportions and not designed simply to divert American strength. He said that failure of American armed forces to drive the enemy out immediately will be a "grievous mistake" one which will enable the Japs to build air bases for a drive toward Alaska and to harass communications between the United States and Russian Siberia. The Navy communique left no doubt that efforts are being made to blast the Japs out of the Aleutians. The occupation of Attu, Kiska and Agattu has given the Japanese war lords some material for propaganda for home consumption, but has cost them dearly in ships and men, Jap Ships Blasted The American score for the Aleutian fighting now stands: Jap ships sunk: 6 destroyers, one transport and one cruiser. Believe sunk: One destroyer.

Ships damaged: Four cruisers, two destroyers, one gunboaW one transport and one aircraft carrier. One of the destroyers was "burning fiercely" when last seen and probably can be accounted as sunk or destroyed. The successes listed in tonight's communique raised to 77 the number of Japanese ships sunk, probably sunk or damaged by American submarines alone since the war began. The fog which hinderj aerial operations has not stood in the way of hard-hitting submarine crews. They made their Aleutian debut on July 4 when their torpedoes sank three destroyers and left a fourth afire.

On the very next day they staged an encore, returning to the Kiska vicinity and attacking another destroyer which was believed to have sunk. Allied Iiomhers Score Hit on a Jap Transport GEN. MacARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Australia, July 22 (Wednesday) (UP) Allied bombers yesterday scored a direct hit on a transport during an attack on a Japanese convoy off Buna, 100 miles across the eastern arm of New Guinea, from Port Moresby, a United Nations communique announced today. freedoms which Christian and Jewish teachings have largely inspired." Ambassadors of several Pan-American nations and European countries which have been overrun by the Nazis also sent communications expressing sympathy for Jewish victims of Nazi oppression. The meeting, held at Madison Square Garden, was sponsored by the American Jewish Congress, B'Nai Brith and the Jewish Labor Committee.

Speakers included United States Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Massachusetts Republican; Gov. Herbert H. Lehman, of New York; Mayor H. La- day) German tanks and motorized infantry early today were reported concentrating in the southern Don-Donets basin for- attempts to capture Rostov from three directions and Stalingrad from two, but the Russians said that the Nazi left flank near Voronezh to the north was "in deadly peril" under savage Russian counterattacks. The Soviet midnight communique said merely that the southern Red Army still was "fighting stubborn defensive action" southeast of Voroshilovgrad, which itself is ion miles amove Rostov.

The exact German deployment was not given. 10,000 Nazis Killed In the Voronezh sector, however, the Russians said their troops had captured additional populated points, killed more than 10,000 Nazis in one sector in one week flnd knocked out several dozen tanks and scores of other vehicles. A Moscow radio announcement said the Russians had widened a wedge in Nazi positions northwest of Voronezh and the Germans were suffering "unprecedented losses." But the gravity of the situation In the south was still acute. The area of most immediate peril was the battlefield southeast of Voroshilovgrad, where the invaders' armored shock forces pushed ahead toward Rostov, some 85 miles distant, through rich coal Zields wrecked or set afire by the letreating Russians. Nazi Periled at Voronezh But the snug in all the German plans remained the daring Russian i ounterassiiult across the upper Don before -besieged Voronezh, miles north of the southernmost battle cauldron.

There the Germans find themselves in danger of having the forces which already have crossed the Don Isolated from their reinforcements and supplies on the west hank. Russian dispatches said the Germans had lost the principal bridgehead across the river at Voronezh, together with others in the crossing area, and that they had failed in a new effort to encircle the city by a swing to the south. Now fighting hand to hand on both banks of the Don, the Red Army was reported holding its advantage over the isolated Nazi units between the city limits and a populated communication point on the highway between city a.nd river. Report Rostov In Flames (Tuesday's German communique said that Rostov was being attacked from west, north and east, that the city was in flames and its Don bridges destroyed, presumably by dive bombing, and that farther north another column had pushed eastward along the upper course of the Don for 50 Turn to Page 13, Column 2 U.S. Workers' liaise Asked York Tiinr Sfrvir WASHINGTON, July 21-A bill which would increase the salaries of all civilian Federal employees by is per cent, representing the rise in the cost of living since Jan.

1, 3 94 1 was introduced today by Rep, William B. Barry, New York democrat. Barry explained that in view of the. War Labor Board's recommendation that wages of labor should be increased by this amount, he felt that "the great mass of unorganized white-collar workers'' also were entitled to it. The New Yorker declared that another reason for increasing wages of Government employees is the "preferred treatment" being given farmers, since no ceiling can be applied to their products until prices reach 110 per cent of parity.

How Long Will Detroit's Rubber Last? If you have 20,000 miles left in your tires and use up 10,000 in 1942, then it's pretty certain mathematically that along about the tail end of 1943, you'll have no tires unless you DRIVE LESS. What's the lowdown on Detroit's rubber situation How many war workers drive to wnrk What are we dning NOW about rub-bo conservation? A picture Ftoty of our transportation Sunday's Graphic men with SUNDAY'S FREE PRESS merchant ships in the Atlantic-one belonging to neutral Portugal and the first loss for that nation. Newest announced losses in the Atlantic raised the unofficial Associated Press tabulation of sinkings in the area to 394. Space Is Restricted To offet the merchant ship losses the shipping administration announced that henceforth shipping space would be restricted to import and export cargoes "essential to the prosecution of the war." The administration Added that "it can be stated that no essential military cargoes have been left on piers because of lack of ships" and indicated that restriction of cargoes would mean a substantial increase in movement of military supplies. Combining Operation! "In order to keep the steady flow of men and materials to various theaters of war and to secure the most economical use of shipping over great distances, the several different fleets of the United Nations are combining their operations as complements to each other for war purposes," the WSA said.

Shipping in the various United Nations pools is being directed by the combined Shipping Adjustment Board which is represented by Admiral Emory S. Land In Washington and W. Averell Harriman in London for the United States and by Baron Leathers in London and Sir Arthur Salter in Washington for the British. All United Nations ships are being directed where they are most needed, officials said. Banana Imports Cut Banana imports, for example, have been curtailed about 85 per cent through withdrawal of all fruit services except those needed to provide Panama and other Central American fruit growing republics with minimum outbound service to maintain the "economic stability" of the republics.

Meanwhile Donald M. Nelson, war production chief, announced that the proposal of two shipbuilders to construct huge cargo planes 'in their yards planes which some believe would be the answer to the submarine menace-was being studied. Nelson warned against "undue optimism," however. Cites Three Factqrs Factors to be considered in weighing the proposal of Henry J. Kaiser, of Portland, and Andrew J.

Higgins, of New Orelans, were three, he said. "Labor, facilities and materials could not be made available for the program "except at the expense of other parts of the war effort." "It would take a considerable time to get substantial numbers of the proposed planes since they are not now in production. "Many considerations of strategy are involved and any decision must be made in close consonance with the highest strategy officials of the. United Nations." The possibility that the Mari-time Commission might rescind its cancelation of a contract to build 200 cargo ships at the Higgins Shipbuilding Corp. in New Orleans was disclosed by Higgins after a round of conferences with Washington officials yesterday.

He said he felt justified In concluding that further study had shown that more steel was available than had been estimated. The commission gave the steel shortage as the primary reason for canceling the contract, asserting lit wanted to divert the steel to 1 yards already in production. 7 Africa-Bound Ships Sent Dou Nazis Claim Br Hie tneiatn Pret BERLIN (from German broadcasts July 21 A special High Command announcement said today that Gorman submarines op-s crating north of the Azores had sunk seven ships aggregating uS.oo tors '-from, a strorg'v escorted convoy bearing war ma-ten-U bound 'for Africa." i Triple was no confirmation of th- -1 15 ere of a. t. 1 t'SHt its 0 jr.

i pt Leahy Named Chief of Staff by President Action Taken to Unify Army, Navy Rf the United Tret WASHINGTON, July 21 Admiral William D. Leahy, hard-bitten sailor-diplomat, was called back to active duty by President Roosevelt today to serve as his chief of staff a move that serves the objectives of a unified command without actually creating one. Leahy, ace trouble-shooter recently recalled as ambassador to France, will be responsible only to Mr. Roosevelt constitutional commander in chief of the armed forces and as such becomes one of the Nation's ranking war strategists. The post is the first of Its kind in American military history.

The President would not go into detail as to Leahy's duties and repeated time and again in response to press-conference questions that Leahjr would be chief of staff to the commander in chief. He did say, however, that he believed Admiral Leahy would save him many hours by reading a lot of opinions and doing other jobs requiring leg work, or have others to do it for him. The President made clear that, as commander in chief of the armed forces, he himself would continue to direct American world Turn to Page 13, Column 3 Rubber Total 454,155 Tons New York Time Service. WASHINGTON, July 21 President Roosevelt today made public a report from William R. Boyd, chairman of the Petroleum Industry War Council, which disclosed that 454,155 tons of scrap rubber had been moved to receiving centers and added to the Nation's stockpile as a result of the countrywide collection between June 15 and July 10.

This represented a collection of 6.87 pounds per capita. Michigan's contribution of tons of scrap rubber won the state fifth place. That represented a per capita collection of 7.62 pounds. The report did not cover rubber collected but still in the filling stations to which it was delivered by citizens or rubber taken in by junk dealers and local salvage industries but "only the amount of rubber actually moved to petroleum bulk stations and weighed." importance to every man, woman and child In the world, the executive explained. Hull will speak at a time when the military situation is critical, with the Germans driving the Russians back, the Egyptian situation tense and the Japanese still in the Aleutians.

From the wording of the President's remarks, it seemed likely that Hull would seek to drive home to Americans and their allies the dangers and inspire them to their utmost in assuring the defeat of the Axis nations. His speech will be delivered after a flood of statements by numerous officials concerning the postwar plans of this Government, many of them conflicting and hence confusing. Mr. R.wxevelt. by annmmc-ing that the speech hid his a p.

proval, emphasized Ih-it it wo'i'id repiesent the authoritative the Govei nmer.t on the ra! bae of the M. BY DOUGLAS D. MARTIN Seventy years ago the presses of the -Detroit Free Press turned out a copy which the mails carried to a little town in Missouri. As was the custom in those days, the copy passed from hand to hand until it reached the farm of Muse Carver, eight miles outside the village of Neosho. There the white folks read it and when they had finished with it they gave it to a ten-year-old Negro boy who had been born a slave.

The boy was George Washington now a venerable Negro scientist, to whose fame Henry Ford added another tribute Tuesday when the George Washington Carver cabin was dedicated at Greenfield Village. A New World to lllm The aged wizard of test tubes, who founded the $60,000,000 peanut Industry and from whose research the commonest field and garden weeds have emerged as Carver Sees. War Creating Opportunities BY DANIEL L. WELLS Free t'rei SUfl Wrltfr "The war has given the United States the greatest opportunity it has ever had to develop its own natural resources, if we will only take hold of it," said Dr. George Washington Carver, Negro chemist, during a joint interview Tuesday with his old friend Henry Ford.

He mentioned the fact that plants which contain the essence of rubber can be raised in this country, citing the common weeds, dandelion and milkweed. Not the Answer "This is no salvation for our rubber shortage, however," Dr. Carver added. "You can make rubber out of 10 or 15 different plants. The trouble is in processing it on a large scale." Dr.

Carver told of a "preparation" which was made out of sweet potatoes 42 years ago that was pronounced superior to chocolate. "So you see we do not have to rely on oriental chocolate," said Dr. Carver. "And that is just one of the ways In which this country can become self-sufficient." Dr. Carver said that he had made rubber from sweet potatoes and petroleum nearly 20 years ago.

But a Ford spokesman hastened to add that this does not mean that the Ford company is engaged in synthetic rubber production in any way. Food Laboratory Opened Ford and Dr. Carver were together for the opening of a new food experimental laboratory on the Dearborn property. It is to be used exclusively to uncover new uses of agricultural products as foods. The laboratory is in the old Turn to Page 11, Column 2 On Inside Pages Amusement 19 Bingay 6 Chatterbox 10 Classified 22-24 Crossword 22 Lyon 26 Merry-Go-Rd.

6 My Day Radio Reporter Recipes 25 IS 12 i'ctv Guest fv Is fjorofoopp lffy Rovce Howe Ruth Alden I Kr.o'-ts 18-1S Town Crier 26 Washington 13 Women'3 10-12 WARNING TO THE NAZIS Hull Will Speak Thursday on Radio on Gravity of War F.D.R. and Churchill Promise to Punish Jews' Oppressors New lork Times Servlei. WASHINGTON, July 21 President Roosevelt disclosed today that he had approved a radio speech which Secretary Cordell Hull will deliver Thursday night on the current international situation and post-war policies. The State Department announced tonight that Hull's address would be delivered from 9:30 to 10:15 p. m.

Thursday (Detroit time) on all networks. The President went over the projected address with the Secretary of State in a personal conference at the White House and subsequently told his press conference that it was a very and conclusive suivfv the world situ- ation. The will dr with the n--ral subject of the sei iousness of the ar and what victory will i imply in terms of human security, jir.eriy aM Mr. F.ofise-vit explained. H.s mcs-as is of Rr the I'nltrd Frese NEW YORK, July 21 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, of Britain, asserted tonight in messages to a mass demonstration against Hitler atrocities that Nazi leaders guilty of crimes against Jews and other oppressed peoples would be punished for their actions.

The President, in a message to Dr. Stephen S. Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and chairman of the demonstration, said that guilty Nazis would be held to "strict accountability in a day of reckoning which will surely come." Churchill, in a similar com- munication, pointed out that he and the President had asserted "our resolve to place for these crimes am purpocp.s nf this war." Mr. Roosevelt expi esscd hope NhUohs victory Jws and other yranny "the four that a United u-otjll hnn- the c-f Nazi re-trihutwn I major I Guardia. of New York City: Bish-ng Francis .1.

McConnell. of New York: President William Green, of the Awiimii Fedetation of Labor. and John Green, president of the Marine sn-1 Wry kri Union i.CIO;..