The Olean Democrat from Olean, New York • Page 2

000 00 000 0 00 000 pairs of wheels 1 5,000 horsepower, but this v. 00. siblo only through the u-4 by cach obino of 430 cubic 1 i water every second. Now, very cubic foot of wat mincunts to 7.48 gallons; therefore each machine will swallow up 8,216.4 gal lons, or more than 100 barrels, of water 60 times every minute. That would po 6,000 1 barrels A miunte, 360,000 au of hour or 8,640,000 barrels every day 24 hours.

This, figured another way, means 377,870, 960 cubio foet a day, or enough to fill a canal 100 feet wide, 10 foot deep and 52 miles long. All three pairs running togethor for 24 hours would use enough water to fill a canal of the samo depth and width and three times as long, or 156 miles. A Serious Question. Tho question naturally arises, Will not the water to be used by the Niagara Power company sensibly reduce the volume of the stream as it passes over the falls, and so diminish their beauty? To this question the company invariably answers no. The amount of water used will be large, of course, but as nothing to the great volume of the river.

Notwithstanding this emphatic denial by the company, however, there are those who look for a considerable diminution of the noble stream. Of the 100,000 horsepower 1 to be developed eventually it is expected to furnish half to establishments in the immediate vicinity of Niagara, whilo the other balf will be transmitted electrically for use elsewhere. The 15,000 horsepower that is to be developed by the three wheels now in place is all to be taken in the city of Buffalo, and it is predicted that this will make a vast difference in the smoke of that town. Until quite recently the users of turvines have been bothered by the tendency of their wheels to "run down," as is the technical term for heating at the bearings. The Niagara wheels are set vertically, however, and this tendency has been overcome by directing the driving water so that it will assist in upholding the weight of shaft and wheels.

When it was found that the big horizontal tunnel, or escape hole, that has beeu cut through the rock from the bottom of the wheel pit, a mile and a quarter, to the level of the river below the falls, would have to be brick lined in order to secure safety from the wearing away of the soft rock, a groan went up from the stockholders of the company, for this meant very greatly added expense. The tunnel is 21 feet high, horseshoa shaped and 18 or 19 feet wide at the widest part, and it took 13,000,000 brick to line it. Besides, for a distance of 200 feet from the lower end, it has also been lined with iron plates. CHARLES APPLEBLE. A KINDERGARTEN LEADER.

Miss Elizabeth Harrison of Chicago as an Exponent of Froebel. CHICAGO, Nov. than ten years ago Miss Elizabeth Harrison began a series of lectures on kindergarten methods to a class of five young women and two mothers. There are now 30 classes formed on the same plan in neighboring and distant states. Some 50 women who have completed this kindergarten course are now at the head of free classes in the suburbs or neighboring towns for women less favored than themselves.

In some of the poor districts it is not an unusual sight to see mother going to take her lesson with three or four children in hand. Fourteen years ago Miss Harrison finished in this city her studies for kindergarten work and immediately began teaching in the Loring school. A woman of genius and of fine sympathies, she saw at once the possibilities of this educational method and began to supple- MISS ELIZABETH HARRISON. ment her daily work with study and obserration. For months 20 hours a day were not too much for study, and then came months of foreign travel and consultations with the great leaders of the kindergarten in Berlin and Dresden.

The result of these indefatigable labors is that Miss Harrison is now recognized on both sides of the water as being the best exponent of Froebel and the born leader of a great morement. Miss Harrison is a Kentuckian by birth and a distant kinswoman of the Harrisons of Indiana fame. She rejoices in a bappy childhood and finds in that the inspiration for her life's work. Her girlhood was filled with those social triamphs which would seem the birthright of women born in the Blue Grass State. She entered the kindergarten work against the wishes of family, who did not suspect that underncath her rare social gifts lay the sterner qualifications of an educator and leader.

She is dark, tall, slight and of distinguished appearanco. She wears reform dress of a fascinating quiet fashion, and her manners are and elegant. A nervons and magnetic voice, added to a dramatic delivers, makes her a powerful speaker. MIss Harrigon's clas-rs in Cleveland open with a thousand women. including all the teachers of the public schools During the winter she will lecture in many c1 the large cities.

Among other colleges she will speax at Vassar and Cornell. MARION MARTIN. A 34 SIMI-WEAKLY DEMOCRAT, OLEAN, N. Y. 0 THE WILL SOON BE TAMED ENORMOUS POWER MOST READY FOR USE.

The Great Turbine Wheels Set -One Hundred Thousand Horsepower to Desoloped Soon -Probable Effect Upon the Fall -The Great Tunnel. NIAGARA FALLS, Nov. 22. -It is pected that it will be in tho neighborhood of six weoks, maybo two monthand possibly three, beforo the enormous turbine wheels that have been set up at the bottoms of the shafts hown out of the living rock by the Niagara Power company will begin to turn. The cials of the construction company do like to make auy definite predictions.

If thero aro no serious hitches, they say, the water ought to be on by 1st of January or thereabouts, but the accomplished. The Work Today. I visited the office of the construction company this morning and got a pass LOWERING. A DYNAMO BASE. the rather more than four years they have been laboring to hasten the glad day of completion have been sprinkled with hitches of all sorts.

To the inexperienced eye of the lay. man it seems as if the work remaining be done before the gates may be to opened would require six months at the least, yet it is really but a trifling job compared with what has already been Ito the power house. When you enter the building, you are impressed with its size. The at once walls are pierced with three tiers of windows, as a three story building would be, but there is but one floor, and that is on a level with the ground. The entire interior is therefore one vast apartment, a sort of imperial chamber, so to speak, where the power of falling water, transformed into and manifested Iby that mysterious and subtle thing men term electricity, will be supreme whenever the puny human beings that are making ready for its reign shall hare completed their work.

Today not more than 100 workmen in evidence. Earlier in the history of the enterprise as many as 1,800 or 2,000 men were sometimes employed at That was when the drilling and once. blasting and hoisting of broken rock tout of the great holes that have been made to get the water to and from the wheels were going on. In all there have been 33 victims to the demon cf accident--not many 'when the nature of the work and the number engaged in pit are taken into consideration. Some of the unfortunate men fell down the 178 foot deep wheel pit, some were crushed falling rock, timber or iron, while by and only one, came to his end dione, rectly through the explosion of powder.

Three Pairs of Wheels In Place. According to the charter of the comit may utilize enough of the wapany, ter of Niagara's stream to furnish 000 horsepower, but it is at first proposed to make use of only a small tion of that amount. Three wheels, or rather three pairs of wheels only, instead of 20, the fall complement necessary to the developmentof 100, 000 horse'power, will be put into commission at the beginning." They are already, in resting securely on their at the bottom of the big black wheel pit. Each of these machines is 90 inches in diameter and will Field about $5,000 horsepower, or 15,000 horsepower in all The wheel pit, at the bottom of which the three pairs of wheels are now waitting to be put to whirling and to working, is 140 feet long and 178 fect deep. for and it and the wheels are all ready business, But their revolutions would be for naught if the water were turned on now, because the dynamos are not yet in placo at the top of the pit.

In taot, they have not yet arrived from the shop of the makers, and their foundations even are also still incomplete. Little else can be done now till these 'dynamos are placed, and that is the 'reacon why so few men are employed at present. It is essential to tho perfect working af a dynamo that it shall be solidly placed. These 5,000 horsepower generlators will be furnished with probably the best foundations that have ever been bailt for such purpose. They are to be of cut stone, with tops dressed till they are perfectly level and as near absolute smoothness as buman skill can make them.

On top of each foundation 12 ton iron base, made in one casting, will be bolted, and on top of this base the dynamo itself will be set. The stonework of two of the foundations has already been completed, but that for the third seems bardly begun as yet. This morning the workmen were engaged in the rather difficalt and delicate work of lowering one of the big castings the foundation. The sketch that acto companies this letter will give the read. idea of how the work is done and an also of the relative size of a man and a casting.

As I have said, each of the wheels or sal 08 909 -1: CYCLE HAS DONE IT. Rejuvenated Hotels a Displaced (, a Blow to Whisky. Cone, kocu: Nov. 22. -Next to Wash ington 1.14 city is probably the bicyclo town in America.

So far as learn, thero are only three or four classes here who do not ride a wheelthose who aro too old to learn, those are too heavy to dare trust them selves upon tho saddle, those whose sense of personal dignity is too abound. and babes in arms. Rich and poor, and women, boys and girls, preachlawyers, doctors, editors, policeletter carriers, delivery clerks, men, business men and business women, all the wheel. Unlike most cities, you must be listed bere to be a wheelman wheelwoman, aud although the a town has not more than 160,000 population there are 12,000 wheels registeror about one for every 13 inhabitants. The middlo working classes perthe wheel more freely than haps use other, and it is about all your life worth to try to get across any of the main streets at 6 o'clock, when every.

body quits work and goes to supper. Connected with nearly every large c5- tablishment there are places where the store their steeds of employees may steel. At one of the large railroad offices, there are 30 bicycle stalls, and by o'clock every day there are 30 bicycles in the stalls. Naturally from a town whore bicycling 15 SO universal the number of wheel people who go over the country roads of a Sunday is very large, and ill this vicinity perhaps more than in mo-t others the result has been a revival of for the country taverns. Sorprosperity eral of the old state roads that were the chief lines of travel before the days of the railroad converge here, and at distances from half a mile to a mile apart these old time houses of entertainment are scattered along these roads between here and Buffalo and between here and Syracuse.

Many of them have decayed altogether and have either been torn down or transformed into dwelling and farm houses, while such as remain taverns have until lately done but a business. The bicyclists, howpuny have carried to the landlords of ever, these old houses a fresh and invigorating stream of prosperity, so that now of them are being repainted and many refitted and resuming the old time air comfortable prosperity that fras theirs when the oldest of the present generation were but boys and girls and the stagecoach was the approved method of transporting mails and passengers. But barring the one tact that business has been revived, the taverns are not at all what they used to be. Whisky and and Hollands and other intoxirum and seductive beverages were the cating staples in the old day, but now they are sold almost not at all. I drove ten miles out over the Ridge road, one of the most famous of thoroughfares in anterailroad times, yesterday, and stopped tavern in front of which there at a were at the time some 30 or 40 wheels, the riders of which, mostly young men, but partly young women, were being served with refreshments upon the piazza in the sunshine of a late autumn and in what was formerly the laday dies' parlor, and not one of the wheel people was being served with anything intoxicating.

Even beer was notable by its absence. I asked the landlord about and he gave as his opinion that biit, cyling has greatly decreased the consumption of drinks that bring fuddle the head and unsteadiness to the muscular system. "Of course, said the rural Boniface, "I still sell some liquor and some beer, because there are teamsters and sporting men who drive fast horses that stop here and demand it, bat I have to 1 have large supply on hand constantly, and a especially on Sundays, of milk and buttermilk and lemons for lemonade and coffee and tea, together with some other soft drinks. This fall and early winter I am going to make a specialty of beef tea. I much prefer the present trade the old one.

It is just as profitable, I never have any trouble with these customers. I don't know but I shall give up the whisky business altogether and by, because the preseuce of a bar distasteful to many of the wheelwomen. Anyway I shall hare to move it around ont of sight if the present trade keeps up, for I couldn't afford to lose the cycle trade, and the girls who ride bicycle won't stop at a place where they think they are liable to be annoyed drunken men." M. I. DEXTER.

Caroline H. Spence. Miss Caroline H. Spence of South Australia, who presented the gospel of proportional representation in Boston aud other cities in this country last Fear, was lat ly given a reception at River House. Chelsea, London, the residence of the Right Hon.

Leonard Courtnay, M. whose wife is a daughter of the late Thomas Hare, originator of the reform. The occasion was notable for the addresses made and the distinguished people present. Among the speakers who indorsed Miss Spence's ideas were Sir John Lubbock, M. and Sir John Hall of Now Zealand, where the reform is in active agitation.

The English Woman's Movement. A crowded conference was bold in London on Nov. 2 in connection with the woman's movement, at which was considered the subject of "woman's share in local government." Lord Meath presided, and among those pres-' ent were Princess Christian and many members of the aristocracy. Letters were read from the Right Hon. A.

Balfour, the archbishop of ('ant rhury and Cardinal Vaughan. All present concurred in the opinion that women ought 10 he lected to the rarions local boards and take a large share in the administration of local affairs, Russia's Gold Reserve. Russia is said to hare $600,000,000 in gold within reach for a rainy day. QUITE SHOCKING. Who Allowed the Baby to Um.

Stranger duly Interest Her. It was about 9 o'clock in the evening, and the West Side cable car rattled and lurched along. Tho passengers were few, and they cast half curious, half hostile glances at cuch other. A young couple with child of about a year and a hall old attracted the most attention, however. it disgraceful how young som marry?" whispored tho old maid poople passengor tonly mother of seven.

isn't that, my dear. I married when a child, a more child, myself. 1 But look how carolessly sho holds the poor lit tlo thing." The young couple, all unconscious, pur lively conversation. sued, "Shall you be able to go to the dance tomorrow evening?" he asked. Oh, yes! either.

I don't Do sit intend still, to miss baby." a sin gle waltz "I suppose the birod girl will watch the and like as not let the poor little baby thing catch its death of cold," said the mother of seven in a piercing whispor. "I only hope you will save one or two for me," grumbled the young man. The ladios opposito exchanged significant whis pers. try. Do hold him for a little while, George.

He wriggles so." "I would if I know how to take hold of him. It's worse than a wrestling match." pretty father!" groaned the old maid. "No more sense of responsibility than a kitten." They both looked disap at the young man, who had provingly given the baby his pocketknife to play with. The mother of seven caught his eye a moment or two later. "How old is the baby?" she asked, with the air of a person about to administer a dose of good advice.

"I--why, I'm sure I don't know," he stammered. Do you, "Why, let me see. About 20 months old, I guess. Yes, he was 2 months old when I made that lovely visit to And left him to the care of servants kee." doubt, whispered the old maid, deno lightfully horritied. And how many teeth has pursued the mother of seven.

"And what do you him to prevent convulsions? I algive ways give don't know, I'm sure. George, the car, won't you? It is so hot in stop here that I'd rather walk the rest of the way." "Don't know how many teeth your own baby has! Why, in my day young My own baby! Good gracious, madam, he isn't mine. He is my sister's child. He has been spending the day with me, and now I'm taking him home. Oh, George, will the car never stop?" And a very demoralized young couple with a crying baby stumbled off, while the old maid and the mother of seven ed out of opposite windows with 8 majestic -Chicago Tribune.

The Limit. She-Ab, men don't know what women have to bear! They suffer in silence. He--I know. That's their greatest suffering. He Followed Her.

A clever girl who could make a tion in society if fate had been a little more kind to her in a material way lives on a side street and is a constant source of amusement and joy to her little circle of friends. She is poor. She is compelled to turn and return her gowns, and retrim her a bonnets and make all sorts of little sacrifices, and all because fate decreed that her father should be a quiet, unambitious, conscientious, dreaming sort of a fellow instead of a bustling, money making, successful merchant. This girl has brains and good looks, and, what is far better. originality, but sbe is compelled very often to walk because she has no fare.

She amuses herself with all car sorts of things that other girls seldom think of. Her latest exploit is a class of Chinamen. into whose wooden heads she is endeavoring to inject a faint idea of the limitations of the English language and incidentally the Christian religion. In her class on a recent Sunday she was giving Ching Poi an object lesson on the wonderful creations of God. See, Ching." she said, "scc this beautiful rose.

God made this rose. He made it to look pretty and smell sweet. God made all things. Ching. He made you.

and he made inc. Now, tell me, Ching, made the Ching grinned and said, "God, be lose. right, Ching. Now, why did he the "Ho makes lose to look pletty and sweet." right. Who made you, "God makoc me," replied Ching.

raakee mO to look pletty and smellee weet." Sbe is endeavoring to teach the Chinaroan a few other things, but will let personal similes with the rose rest for awhile. -Kansas City Star. Making Law. "How is the law made?" asked the in United Statos history in a prirate school of one of the young girls in 1-is class. "Ob," replied the maiden cheerfully, the senate has to ratify it, and then the president has to has to veto it, and then the houso of representatives has hesitated for a moment and knit her pretty forehead.

'Oh, yes, I remember now!" be said. "The house of representatives has to adjourn until the next Companion. Within Bound4 Mrs. -I think I'll have my old bat retain med. Plankington-That's more than I can Mrs.

Plankington--Then what shall I adord do? Plankington-Gct a new one. -Clothier and Furnisher. You Can Hold Up good example for others Your washing is a if you 114C SOAP. It does the work easily, does it better, and docs it quicker. It's all soap--no acids, no starch, 110 marble dust, nothing to injure -everything to help.

Washes equally well soft water. Ask the grocer for it. in hard or GOWANS SONS, Buffalo, N. Y. OLEAN MONUMENTAL WORKS Foley Props Manufacturers of Granite and Marble Cemetery Work.

STATE OLEAN, NEW YORK. A Large Line at ROBES and Low Prices. HORSE BLANKETS. S. Wilkinson Go.

HAVE YOU SEEN THE "Red Cross" Gas Heating Stove It is the best Gas Stove made. The demand is so great that we shall have but a limited supply this season. Every Stove guaranteed. First come, first served. C.

V. B. Barse Co. WHAT BRINGS RELEASE FROM DIRT AND GREASE? WHY DON'T YOU KNOW SA SAPOLIO 'Money Makes the Mare Go." Its a trite old saying and yet a pretty true one. The disposal of money is an all important item in proper the transaction of any business.

A long and varied experience in running planing mills enables us to assure you of our ability to give you entire satisfaction contract work of any sort We always keep in on stock Dressed Lumber, Frames, Doors, Sash, Mouldings, etc. The Union Planing Mill OLEAN NY. EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK OF OLEAN, NEW YORK. Cash Capital Paid in $125,000 Surplus 250,000 Undivided Profits 69.000 Total $444,000 PRANK BARE denier, O. GEO OR Cashier, Vice-Preside DIE V.

Forman, Bartlett, D. O. Leferre, 0. 8. Ours, M.

W. Barse, I. V. 9 Franchot, G. H.

Strong. General Bending Busine Transeoted FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OLEAN, NEW YORK. Cash Capital Paid in $100,000 Surplus 100,000 J. PRESIDENT. WY.

WHEELER EATON, C. D. JUDD, CASHIER. G. Deven bars W.

Wheeler, E. M. Job Deposite Received F. vorable Terma, Foreign Exchange and Passenger Tickets her Bale 08 909 Bale we to to and by is bithe br 9.