The Union and Journal from Biddeford, Maine • 2

been formed (or the promotion of gen-1 agriculture and its boaotj has been granted to those eocietiee, and it is bslieved that they are exerting a salutary influence. A board of agriculture hasateo been organised under tbeaet oT 1850. Ite existence is too brief snd its field of operations and observation to limited to determine wbat may be tbe extent of ite future uaefulneae. Much good may be anticipated Irom its annual invertigation of subjects of agriculture, horticulture and kindred subjects, and from the publication of the results of these investigations for the general information ol the agriculturists of the State. Much useful and important information may be furniehed through the report of the Secretary of tbe Hoard, whose duty it is to publish a detailed report "of the'doinge of the board, together with a digest ol tbe several agricultural and horticultural rocietiee, and ofeuch etatietiee ss he msy be able to collect, with such reoommendatioos and suggeetions as the in Urate of agriculture may Thie rvjiort will be laid before you.

Intimately connected with this aubject, having the most important bearing upon the growth nixl prueperity ol tbe state, ie the settlement oi our territory with intelligent and induetrious citiaene. Tbe Aroostook oounty, by far the fertile of our lands, make Mow and imperfect progress in settlement for waut of facilities for transportation an intercommunication. If any method oaa be devia-d by which an obieot eo desirable can be promoted, it would be for tbe higbeel interest of the State, at onoe, to embrace it. It has ever been regarded an object of deepest solicitude, and the Legislature hat from, timo to time appropriated foi the construction of roads for this pnrpoee. These are necessarily imperfect, and com parvd with modern modus of trans porta tioc unsatisfactory.

1 invite your careful consideration of thn whole suhject, in a spirit of enlightened liberality, and cannot too urgently press it up oo your attention. The constitution declares that "a general diffusi of the advantages ol education it essential to the promotion of the and liberties of the people and it on ttw Legislature the duty of requiring of tho several and suitabh provision for the support of public sotiooU and also the endowment of college and Herein is a recognition ol tho maxim that a republican government must rest on the intelligence of the people Klucation, intellectual and moral cultun for all, was ordained the nmiu for establishment ami support of civil and lit' ligious liberty. Cutval with our politica of government, wm the establuhmsn of a system of common provided fur the first of the State watched over with aolicitude ami sustained by au unbounded munificence, il has come down to us. It at the the State's deepest an common tu all, and the broad foundation of all othei of learning and while it maj vlaiiu your lint attention, it should not forgotten tliat the genius ol our government is nqually the foNteriig parent of the collcgi and tne academy, into which, Irom the com. school, those who prompted by an innate aiuUtioii to exoel iu the higher walki of education may no, and ihotv qualify for successful comjvtition for Uh highest of the State.

The times will not admit of reduction in tho general standard of intelligence unions the people. We are indebted to the intelligence, high culture and stroug virtue of the original settlers, for our Tu maintain the splendid superstructure ol civil and religious liUrtv which has been built uinn tho foundations laid by those vrho originally cuaio here with motives of the high. social, political and moral character, Rgaiust the sinister influence which hare at well as the general demoralization of tho nation, popular education shauM he amply provided for, and a high standard of intelligent secured. Notwithstanding the severity of the times and the of tho I rautiue of a rigid economy in public and private expenditures, deem it worthy your ooos'd ration whether the of the common don.it demand tho establishment of a school for the qualification of touchers. Il is quite apparent, from tho legislation of the few ycaW, that tho of the Slate, in the of unities, have a partiality for these schools.

If this should continue, it will foun 1 ucccsskiry to provido for a supply teachers, which heretofore has sent out Irom the For information us lo therctual condition and wants of the system ol cuuuion schools, ycu are referred to th. rejwrt of the Superintendent, winch will bo laid Ivl'ore you. Of the of tho Office, a do tailed statement will bo found in the report of the Lund Agent; aud I am not aware thatuny legislation lor material cfiang c-s iu the I resent system ill bo culled for. Your eatlr is invited tho affairs ol the IW'ii at lb oiuuslon. crowded iiuiitiun mm alw-ratiou, or ut tensi in its internal arrangement iiecessury to accommodate the pnseiit uot to anticipate further commitments.

Tho niaiu prison lias one eight cells. There are now one hundred and thirteen iniuatee, oi whoui occupy apartments designed and required for Sane alteration ol the work shops is required also, to etiablo the Warden toeiuploy tho men to advantage. To moc-t these nocuisitns, an appropriation will required. The reports from the Trustees and Superintendents of the Insane and Reform School, will iuform you as to their condition, management, and They exist up the bmnties of the Stale, and make constant apjvuls to it" liti. r.kiitv t.ir Too an esti luuto cannot In! pluod ujuii our charitable and reformatory inetitutione.

1 niuuiciui tlicui to the tapocial caro of tho The State still unvttl. upon tho government, for Ui lance uf intfivfti upon the protection of tho North territory, for of Cuuituusiomr to aaevitain tlm ot in tho late disputed territ rv entitled to idemnity under the treaty of ton lor value of act olT to aettlcn under titat treaty. You may h-arn the nature and extent of claims the report of the Agent, at Wellington, cng.iged in prvacnting the nuiic, which will lie laid hcloro you. Any apecial action on thia aubject is referred to your judgment. The constitution ol the L'uited jn armv and diaciplined uiilitM.

in the several ho olBocrcd and trained liy their authority according to the diaoipliuo prvacrihed by Coo gtvm. The State constitution declaita that ''do of the of eighteen and under the age of lurtv-hve, excepting quakera and ahakant, of 6u promo Judicial Court, ol tho and uAouva of the militia, who have Ucn honorably dia cliarged, shall be ex-enpt from the performance ol milit try duty, unlaw ha shall pay an equivalent to he tiled by law." duty of providing for "a well militia" iwpoaed upon the State by the constitution and of the United roootfnmug this obligation the Stale exacts military x'mov, or an of a certain diocriptiou of iiecitisena. It doea not aerm fo he contemplated that the cl.uw of upon whom military aervice thua will, in time of peace, he required to active duty, out may be iupt therefrom by payment of an equivalent. Such are tho of onr people and the piwition of the State, that a email lorcw only aeema required to be orginixed for active duty. The militia should Mt upon the constitutional baaie, and not depinil upon tho bounty ot the State.

That description ol peraona upon whom military acrvice ia itapnaad by the ouoatitution, woalJ cheerfully pay such alight equivalent, so)te exempted from active duty, the Legislature Mtnarr to dafray the eap'nseeof such volunteer soldiery aa would be required for active thia view I com mood that all contemplated by the constitution aa aatyecti of military service be enrolled la now provided by law, but subjected to no active and thai unformed militia now authorised for active duty, ba reduosd to at least three thowand men, with suitable provisions lor ratlins while on duThe frequent oom plaints of the sratsm o( atachments on iwmr procma, and the sentiaent more or leaa prevalent lor eome provision for the diatributioo of estates of insolvent would Mem to call foi eome consideration of the subject bj Legislature. Tbs matter, is submitted to jour judgment. For a statement of the financial condition of the Stats, you are referred to the report of the Treasurer. It is not understood be at all flattering. An approximate esti mate of expenditures and receipts for Um current yean, will show the annual inoomt of the State to be insufficient to meet ifs car rent expenditures, and will leave a deficit ai the end ot the jear some sixty thouaaat dollars.

An increase of State tax upon the presen valuation would not seartto desirable 01 equitable. How then Treasury relieved 7 It may be found practicable oae of two ways, or both, namely, by trans furring a portion of the demands upon it ti other or br reducing the expendi tuiee. The eost of criminal prosecution are an annual drain upon tbo Treasury between $36,000 and $40,000. and it ma; be worthy of consideration whether thee expeneee might not, with propriety and eoon omy, be defrayed by the eeveral counties ii which they originated, both as a present lief and as a permanent requirement. Witl a view to further relief 1 commend to you close examination the itotna of anticipate disbursements and the enforcement of a rig id economy in every department of expendi i ture, suggesting especially that the item legislative expenses may and ought to greatly diminished, and herein, may you soaeion hare the epecial merit of being an ii dustrioua and ahort one, and thus alleviat the public burdens.

The people of the State view with dec Miiicuuuo me iuuwci ui uio ttmuiu iuiua eating Ihe prevalence of intern i ance consequent upou the Marly unrestricl ed traffic, is just cause for public alarm i Tha sentiment is nearly universal as to tfa common danger from this source, and th demand for some adequate remedy equal ly universal The sentiment as to the bei i methods o( relief, is not equally concordanl i and from this want ot harmony there is ret son to apprehend that the cause of tempci ancc, wh ch all right minded citizens dusii i to promote, may suffer harm. It is coutcndml at in this groat reform reliance must he placed in eflbrts atrictl mural, and that all legislative jwnalties ar unwise uud men cannot reformed of their hahiu by penal enacl incuts. There may Iw more or less truth i this position its fallacy, however, consist iu assigning to the legislature a provinc i esaentiully foreign to it. The Lrgislatui assumes to deal with the traffic as it is sup posed to off.t't injuriously the well being the State, and docs not address itself to th moral sense of the individual as to what right or wrong in morul conduct merely.The legislator takes cognizance of the alrnoe of a traffic which afflicts the Stat with crime, rism unddisoider, and a( cording to Im observation is injurious to th public moraU, health and generul prosperity and for these he seeks to suppress il I j-on this, as upon otfier subjects, tiier may be intemperate legislation which wil react against the salutary objects sought ti promoted but this, as upou ul other important there may found, it is to be a common principl or upou which intelligent and well uin poaed men tua? unite for tfie promotion the common With the ligiits of and a sens of the magnitude of the evil, and with i general feeling among the people that thL whole pre-eminently a moral tion, the it is believed, are favorubl to uulai deliberation and united effort, witl the common of enacting the mos efficient ami expedient law must efficient bceause most expedient. That evil withiu the power of Legislature, aud that the excrcisj of itJ power is expedient, is susUiueJ by the leg islation of this country from earliot se: The right of this cxercisc of tin legislative power over the subject, conceded it only as a practical question, determine the extent of the power and how far it is expedient to exercise it.

All wil agree that it is expedient to exercise so mucl comvdt'd. or ascertained power, as may required to accomplish the object lluppily tlie extent of the eansorvativi power of the State, on this and kindrei subj ects, has been clearly defined aud by the Judiciary in this country, both fed cral and state. The present Chief Justice of the Supreme IVurt of the United States, in prououncui) the opinion of the court iu a case involving this right of the State, "every may regulate its internal traffic according itsjudgmcut aud upon its own views of tin interests and well being of its citixeus. 1 any State deema le retail knd traffic in ar dent spirits injurious to its citizens, aud cal culated to produce idlcucra, vice and de buucherv, I nothing iu the consiitutioi of the I nit. States to prevent it from reg nlating and restraining the traffic, pro hihiting it altogether, if it think proper The aekitowkdged puliee power of the extends often to the destruction of rojsjrty Every thing prejudicial to the health ami morals of the community, may be removed It the foreign article be iujurious to tin health and morals of the country, a StaU may, iu the exercise of lltut great aud coU' senative police power, which lies at 1 of iL" The decisions of our own State Court art equally and explicit.

Lto Chief Justice employs this "The Sute by its legislative enactments, acting protectively, may determine that urti I injurious to ptiblie health or uonili, shall not constitute propel ty within jurisdiction. It may come to the conclusion that spirituous when us-xl a beverage, are productive of a great variety ol ilU and evils to the in their individual and iu their associate that the use of thru for a purpose is injurious, and auitcd to produce, bv a gventar use, serious to cum fort, morale and health that the oomtnon use of the in for such a purpueo. opera Us to diminish the productiveness of labor, to injure the health, to impose upon the people additional and unneceMtry to produoa waste of Uiue and of property, to introduce disorder aud disobedience to law, to disturb th peace and to multiply crimes ol every Suck conclusion icould bt tustifUd I the and history of man. If a L. should doelare that no person should acquire any property in then, (or such a purpose, there would be no occasion lor oouiolaiut that it had violated any provision of the constitution." The same dor trine prevails in "The may declare the oeruin articles of property, mker or in places and under particular circumstances, to be un lawful, btcuuM they would be injurious, gvrous or obnoxious; and may provide for the fe'uuiv and confiscation, or destruction thereof, by due proccsn of law." The Sute.

then, it will lie perceived, has Dlcnary power over the trallc in intoiicating drinks! and "may regulate, restrain, or prohibit it declare that the least use of intoxicating drinks, as a twtorage, is injurious." that "such eonclusi'ins would be justified by the axperisnoa and history of man," that "bo person should acquire any property in them, for a beverage," and that "it may provide for their confiscation and destruction." Thus, with great perapeouitj, baa the judicial mind of the oountrjr, ledcrai and stale, determined the province and the perogaUvea of the in relation to this important subject; and our own Stole Court in the language above quotal, with equal clearness indicated a formula within the apope ef which it as; be expedient to www the power "to prohibit the traffie in aidant spirits as a beverage," and "to provide for the confiscation and destruction thereof by doe process of liw." 11m espedieocy of thie exercise of power, In mv judgment, equally dear uponprinciple. If it be aauiuiod that the traffic in Intoxicating fur a beverage, be rioue, then it nsoessarily that euoh traffic cannot, with propriety, be permitted be lioeneed or tolerated, bat the enacting power most forbid it And this rale ia aa imperative in legulation aa in ia the only ligent action in the case of a conceded wrong. The annala of legislation in this country i upon thia subject may also be appealed to, i in proof of the oorrectneaa of this position, as a practical question. The lioense system i baa proved wholly inadequate every where, i Under it, the aale and conaomption of toxicating liquors have greatly Our type of intemperance, both aa to quanI tity and quality ol liqaors uaed, is severer than is known elsewhere. Kxperieooe proves 1 bow futile are all attempts to subject to auf thority, and wisely oeotrol a practice which i claims to act by permission.

The utmost i vigilance over licensed houses, has always been in efforts to prevent abuse of authority, to no purpose. Under the present law, the traffic in intoxi ioating drinks for a beverage, is beooming quite geoeral in all the cities and It is franght with ilia innumerable to the I State; with beggery and crime. It may well be considered whether, for such use, il i should not be declared contraband. While experience and history clearly indii cate the duty of the State to prohibit traffic, for atwverage, it is not equally clear 1 that those liquors have not important usei in medicine and the indeed the verso be not true and therefore it would seem their sale for purposes should provided for to such extent, and under suet restrictions and regulations as the publio in- terests and safety require. I commend tlx Mikuutt trt aanAAial aHantinn la popular form of government, when the efficiency of the laws will depend tipor the unanimity of the people in their port, particularIj in that clan of enactment! which intimately effect the social ol the qpininunity, it is highly important thei should have the popular sanction.

Witt the hope, also, that aoiuo common grount may be found upon which all well wisher to publio sobriety may unite, and thus nlaa the question, by a decided expression 1 thi people in their primary assemblies, aboyi the reach of mere partisan aims, 1 comment to your consideration, whether it be nol wise to submit to them for approval, it such manner as shall most likely elicit i general expression, any law you may enac upon this subject. Such is our plan of government that eacl State 1ms a deep stake in whatever effect the general welfare. By it the several are made to move around the general gov eminent as a common centre and to receivc from it their national character, while eact moves within its own sphere, and is left per fectly free to the pursuits and policy pecule iar to ita interests; and hence the people ol the several States must ever view, with deep est solicitude, the acts of the national gov ernment, bearing upon this two-fold rela tion. While itlis conceded that no more genera! 0 power can bo exorcised than has been ex, pressly delegated, experience proves that the most important results depend upon tho in terpretation of this power, and that out ol 1 this interpretation have sprung divorse itics, giving rise to.and keeping alive, polit1 icul parties in the severul States and nation, 9 It is in this manner also that ill governments, by false interpretation, come distorted, perverted, and at length i revolutionized, the constitution itself remaining unchanged. Tho nation has entered upon an epoch ol i such interpretation of its constitution and theory of government.

Its. immediate effect is seen in tho dissolution und reconstruction of political parties, while the remote cotisei quunees are shadowed forth in tho now govl crnuient policy, new sentiments and ions whicn are inculcated tho subject of negro slavery. i At the period of tho fonnution of the govi eminent the charucter of negro slavery and tho traffic in slaves had accurately timated and determined by the civilisou tions of the earth, in regard to which thoro wat no difference of seutiuicut, or opinion among the mass of the people of this coun try, its statesmen, philosophers and philan1 thropists. i It was held to exist in derogation of tho natural rights of the it was an unmitigated it was the duty and interest of nation to und inhibit the traffic und to restrict slavery to I the localities where it existed by force of the local law. Tho colonies had denounced the mother country for its participation in its i establishment and for neglect of duty in its refusal to co-oporuto with them for its abolition.

At the period of tho revolution and during the confederation of the States, the i detestation in which slavery was hold by tho i is expressed in their literature, laws, jurisprudence, and resolutions of their Legislatures nud primary assemblies, and the acts of the Congress. When the constitution was furmed, us a nation, the American i people had adopted and published to the world, as the fundamental principles of that liberty they sought to establish through the i forms of government, political maxims wholly opposed to all forms of slavery. Tlioy had proclaimed their hostility to tho slave trade and slavery had provided against its spruud into any portion of tho territories, and contemplated its final extinction. The nation betenn its career by the recognition of the inalienable of man us self evident political truths, an forming the liasis of all just governments, anil us containing the of political morality and immutable rectitude. Tho constitution of the United States wu husud upon and recognised iho same princiCes anJ theory of government which had en before asserted; and the constitution and the declaration of are parts of one consistent that work wok consummated by the former which had been begun by tho latter.

1 The government, under the constitution, was conducted upon those principle and tho sentiments and policy theretofore existing, in tho territories was slave trade was denounced as piracy and interdicted, and tho Congress, in repeated instances, interposed to prevent the extension of slavery into (roe territory. The judiciarj of the country, both Feueral and State, was in harmony with the leg-) islation and policy of the nation, and uniformly held that slavery was against national right, and existed only by foroe of positive law, was local in ite character, and that the master loet all right of ooutrol over, or interest in the slare, when once voluntarily carried beyond the looal jurisdiction. By the force of the sentiments and opinions, acting upon the public judgment and oonsoieooe, slavery receded from seven of the tl irteen original Stetm, and struggled for a precarious existence in a portion of the remaining States. A new government policy is now deuiauded, founded upon new interpretations of the constitution in regard to negro slavery. The paternal policy of the nation is denounoed as uqjust and illiberal, unconstitutional and illegal.

The statesmanship of the early of the republic took cognisance of tho (act that two raoss ol men wee.) here, the subjects of Ceminent and one was dominant raos, whose was the duty of governing and raiding; and it did not hesitate to declare those principles of personal freedom which are equally the rights of all, and sought wisely to guide the destinies of both in the light of these principles. The statesmanship of to-day ignores these self-evident troths sees the two races confront each other upon the same soil, bat holds that one has no rights that the other is bound a principle which gives him no righttocovern but the accident of svessnt power, and thus seeks to bind up the destinies of both wHb the degradation of the bkofc race. ThediSweBoe In the two syftssss is radi etl and infinite. The Utter, it to to say, to repugnant to oar theory of govern ment. It to too ahmd for argument, and too ofcnsive for discurion.

The first systematic attempt to reduos the new dogma to practioe, through the administration of the government and federal 1 emulation, vu in the repeal of the Miseouri restriction. The obiect of thie repeal to now declared bj one of its to have been "to pat the slavery question upon some common ground where a party could be rallied strong enough to administer the government justly upon other than purely sectional remove the ban under which the domestic institutions of the8oath had been placed bi federal "although not all the South was entitled to, It was a great advance upon the old order of things, beoaus) it removed an unjust and odious diecrtmina tion against her domestic institutions from the statute book, a moral triumnh whict was of vast importance to the South and tc the institution of slavery itself." The object and import of that measure, 4hus declared, have, by subsequent event become obvious to all. It was the begin ning of attemnte to revolutionise the federa legislation and policy of the oountry upoi the subject of remove tbo inter diction under which slavery had been placet bv that legislation and by poaitive negatioi of power in Oongrtte, remove all obstacle to expansion, ana open the way for tbenovc idea reoently set un, that "the oompromisei of the constitution" include the reoognitioi of slavery as an institution of the States, en titled to protection, and guarantee of prop erty in slaves as an eminent trait of nation ality. MHMlmh tha nitttni fn repeal it illustrated 1)y civil war and disoi will of the people aet at defianc by armed bands of men alien to the torritc strife, contest to determia whether liberty or slavery shall possess th 1 country once pledged to tree labor, and last ion the institutions which are about to sprin 1 up there, in which slavery and the nations administration rule the nour against frw dom and free established 1 1 Kansas, the people struggling and in am to resist it, ana at last fundaments principles of self-government, popular 001 creignty itself, denied, and the national ad 1 Ministration engaged In efforts to foroe upo 1 the State a constitution against the know 1 will of tbo peonle. 1 A portion or the Federal Judges, in hai 1 mony with the general disign, utter th I dicta that "the constitution of the Unite states recogniies property in slaves, an 1 pledges tbo federal government to protect ii and that Congress lias no right te prohib the slaveholder from taking his ilavos inl the territories." 1 The President of the United Slates unol 1 ficially declares and assumes that slaver 1 oxiste in Kansas under the ooastitutiontbat this point has at last besn settled tho highest tribunal known to our lawi 1 and that it 'Ms mysterious that it ever ooul have been seriously doubted." Thus, in quick and rapid succssion a rci olution is attempted in the legislative, jud cial and executive departments of the go' ernment, and would now be complete an thorough, but lor the extra-judicial and ei tra-official quality of tho acts.

It remair for tho people of tho free States to dotei mine whether this important change in th constitution and theory of the governmeri shall ho by novel an forccd constructions, tho constitution sha bo made to guarantee property in slaves i the States and territories, tho character slavery changod from a local to a putionu institution, and thus brought in ountac with freo labor and freo men. NoTutriot in tho land is without his grots at tho soctional strife stirred up by th aggressions, und no patriot but must fix that groat evils are struggling jfor perpetui ty in the nation, and that their influvcom unchecked, will determine the character tho coming ages of the republio, and patriot but thut must feel a stern purpoe within him to resist them. Tho nation had witnessed tho of slavery in the South with comptrativ CJtnposure, as it was maintained that th impulso which pervaded the slave States fo new fields for slave la'nir would rent lUel in low latitudes that slavery would reced from tho Northern slave States, and leav tho free States to quiet self-development, ii the froe States and territories, their owi system of free labor relieved from tho con tauiinution oi slave labor. Not so. each new uccewion they beoouio more arru gunt und of obedience the laws of climate, with which it was to movo und, subject to which it was osser ted it must hold iis empire on this continen experience proves that the law of its life i it forges its fetters with oqun facility in Kansas or the free labor as illegitimate in republican gov ernment und asserts itself tbo normal con dition of its aggressions ove broken compromises into territories pledget to free labor, amid civil not only the right of expansion into all th territories, but tbo constitutional reoogni tion and guarantee as property in the na tion.

The free States csn never yield to thssi demands they are incompatible with tin essential element of their prosperity, free 1a bor. They are repugnant to their UIIU 4iay uvo ummv liold to t)ic right of every onu of laborer to his wages, of every innocent inun to hi: person, and they will suffer no contamina tioo from contact with slavery forced upor them hjr distorted views of the constitution Thej am not at issue with the slave States because slavery is ono of their institutions but becatiso they seek to mako it an institu tionofthe nation. by offensive ro peal, by forood interpretation, by violence thoy attempt to force upon the free Stata what they know to be regarded as an enor mous wrong and fatal to their industry, it should excite no surprise that all such attempts are mot with stein and solemn remon it ran oo and determined resistance. Slavery agitation rages not from the North but from the South. The repose of country was not disturbed by attempU from the North to subvert slavery in the slave States or invade its rights.

If there bo antagonism of opinion butween the free and slave States.it has been produoed by no move, ment of the formor. It has been through! about by an obvious and conoeded change oi sentiments and opinions, purposes ana designs, by the latter, by which the? force themselves into collision with the well known and long cherished sontimunts and opinions of the free States, their interests and prosperity. If there be peril to our common country it springe not now from any movements nor from any want of appreciation of the value of the Union, from this hoever has regrets that a sense of the sacnxlnoss of tho Union and of thogreatness of its blessings is faintly apprehended, will need to revert to events that are taking place in other quarters, and sentiments entertained elsewhere. hile the people of Maine will cultivate a spirit of kindness and forbear anoe towardi every section of the oommcn country, and will ever cherish sentiments of devotion to the Union, they will not fail to utter their solemn and earnest protest against the as sumptions of the constitutional guaranty ofproperty in slaves, and the indefeasible rights of slavery in the territories and will remonstrate against the subversion of tho powers of the national government to purposes of slavery extension and slavery perpetuation, and.will resist to lbs fall extent of their constitutional powsrs, all attempt! to force the domestic institution of the slave States into eontaet with free labor and free communities. In oondueion, I pledge you my best efforts in the performance of the duties devolved upon me.

I have entire oooldeoos thatyour labors will be characterised by harmony, prudeooe and wisdom, and hope that toe business of the session will result in the promotion of the interests and welfare of oar beloved State. 5,500 hare arrived at New York since the 1st of Doccmber. onb Sonraal. FBXDAY JAN. IB, 1861.

Editorial AcorsTA, Jan'y 0, 18S8. The Legislature ban accomplished in the four days it has been in session as much or mora work thau is usual in tho same space of time. The government for the year has been fully organized and put in working order, and with great harmony of feeling in the dominant party. The Inaugural address of Gov. Morrill, pronounced orally after tho oaths were administered to him yesterday, elicits the highest praise from all quarters.

It was heard by a largo audience besides the members of the two branches, and the Inaugural ceremonies were quite interesting. Tho President of tho Senate, lion. Seth Scamman, presided and performed his constitutional duty of administering tho oaths to tho Governor elect, with comincndablo dignity and ease. Tho Governor was something ovor an hour in delivering his address. To-day has been somewhat a leisure day.

No business except that of qualifying air of the councillors elect hav ing boon done worth naming. Two members of the old council, namely Hon, 0 Wm. M. Reed, of Lincoln, and Hon. Geo Pierce of Cumberland have been retainf ed in the new.

The councillor from the York and Oxford DUtrict, Hon. Benj Freeman of Bethel, is quite a young man 1 comparatively speaking. Ho wan select' ed by tho delegation from Oxford, members from York yielding tho selectior i to Oxford in accordance with some ar rangement made between tho delegate) a lust year. jj Tho Speaker of the House, Hon. Josial II.

Drummond, gives promise of making an excellent presiding ofllccr. Ho has 0 fine voice which is heard with distinct dcm all over the Hall, complete session, and is courteous and gentleman ly in his manners. Our were for his unsuccessful coinnctitor, Mr rl 4 Johnson, but we nevertheless feci that the House in selecting Mr. Drummond have i- succeeded in obtaining a presiding officci who will fill tho speaker's chair witli credit to himself, and to the general sat isfaction of its The orgnnization of both branches ret fleets credit on the There ii not a man selected cither for the high oi the subordinate officers, who is not abun dautly for the place to whicli lie has been preferred, and who does not possess the confidence and respect his fellow citizens. I deem it an appropriate time to say word of the Hon.

Joseph II. who yesterday, by the silent oi the constitution, quietly passed from tlu gubernatorial oflice to the station of private citizen. Called to the discharge of the executive oflice by tho of the constitution which apply in the ease of a vacancy, ho has so discharged its varied and responsible duties as tc securo to himself tho universal. respect, and to establish the conviction that foi ability, integrity and intelligence in the discharge ofollicial trust, ho has not been excelled by any of his predecessors who hare received the oflice by virtue of the vote. Too much can hardly bo said in his praise.

Honest in purpose, unassuming in demeanor, firm when firmness is necessary, yet ever willing to give respectful consideration to the opinions of others, and a man of moro than ordinary culture and intellectual attainment, he has won golden opinions from thoso who have been associated with him in watching over the interests of tho State. As a public officer everything which ho has touched ho has adorned. Ho retires to the quiet walks of private life where i his unostentatious virtues republican 1 simplicity of character will continue to strengthen the respect and esteem which is felt tor him in the community which is honored by having him for a fellow zen. The Inaugural ball here last evening, i I learn, was a brilliant affair. I did not attend, my dancing days aro over, hut those who were there talked oloqueutly of the beauty of the ladies and their superb dancing.

L. 0. C. Maine Legislature. "Wednesday, Jan.

0, 1858. Senate. After the usual preliminary proceedings had been taken in convention of Sonatom olect and the members qualified, Joseph JJ. Ilall, oi Presquc Isle, was elected Secretary, receiving 20 votes, Daniel Pike one. lion.

Scth Scamman was then elected President, receiving 28 votes, D. K. Uobart 1. Mr. Scamman was conducted to the chair by Mr.

Ilobart and accepted in the following address. this honorable expression of your confidence in selecting me to preside over your deliberations let me tender to you my most cordial acknowledgements. I accept the trust at your hands; and whilo it will bo my coustaut purpose impartially to dischargo the and oftentimes delicate duties of the position your friendliness has assigned me, I must rely in no small degree, upon your generous co-operation and indulgence. intelligent constituency has summoned us to this sphere of duty, and entrusted us with high official responsibilities. That constituency will scan with eagle eyo tho we here pursue, the laws we here enact, and the fidelity with which wo discharge tho functions of our office.

Prompt, energetic action ia imperatively demanded of us, so that oar official born may be brought to a Kuccessful close at an early day. And may all our Ution daring this session be sach, as readily to develop the extensive natural resources of oar great and growing State, secure to all oar industrial pursuits, promote the highest welfare of all oar people, and shed peacc and piness aroand oar domestic Junes M. Lincoln, of Bath, was elected assistant Secretary. Oren Currier of Solon, Messenger, and Nelson S. Allen, of Dennysville, Assistant Messenger.

Mr. HOBART presented the memorial of sundry legal voters of the Eighth Senatorial District against tho right of John McClusky to hold a seat in the Senate from that District, and setting forth that Parker P. llurleigh, having received a majority of the legal votes cast for an eligible candidate, is entitled to a seat from tho Eighth District. Tho memorial was referred to tho committee on Senatorial votes. The Gubenatorial votes were then referred, and the senate adjourned.

Horsi Prockcdinos. Tho Convention of members elect was presided ovct by Hon. llcnry Boody, of Brunswick, quorum being ascertained to bo present and the members being qualified, Geo. Wilcox of Dixmont was elected clerk by a vote of 113 to 32, for Joscpli M. Mescrvc.

lion. Joseph II. Drumtnond of Water villa, was then elected Speaker by a of 114, to 33 tor B. K. Buxton.

IIo was conducted to the chair by Mr Buxton, and addressed the House as fol Iowa: Gentlemen of the House of Reprcsenta tives: Ynn will awMit inv rrrnti'fnl thnnlm for the honor incidcntto the poaitionyou partiality has assigned inc. I enter upon the discharge of with much distrust from my Ihnita knowledge of parliamentary mien and in brief experience as a legislator. While I shall endeavor to the utinoa of ray ability to reflect your will, that wil will bo best aubtonrod by a steady ad i hcrcncc to those rules which long usuagi has found to promoto dispatch, proven too hasty Legislation, and protect th of minorities In ray efforts to nc complish this, I shall rely on your for bearanco and assistance, and allow mc gentlemen, to express the confident hope tlint we may have a short, useful and har inonious session. Charles A. Miller, of Skowhegan, wa elected Assistant Clerk, B.

B. Thoma wns appointed Messenger, and A. L.N01 ton, and E. of Biddcford, ap pointed Assistant Messengers. After some preliminary business wn transacted the gubernatorial votes wcr referred and the House adjourned.

Thursday, Jan'y 7, 1858. No business of especial importance wa transacted in cither branch this day. Ii the Senate the Committee on Senatorin votes made a report in part, stating tha Senators appeared to be elected bu asking for further time to investigate th returns more fully. In tho House, business of importance was done. 1 was understood that the joint Conunittc on tho votes given for Governor would no ready to report this day and branches adjourned early to meet at li A.

M. Friday. Friday, Jan'y 8, 1858. The Committee on gubernatorial vote reported, and branches having at cepted the report, and Hon. Lot M.

M011 KiLi. having been declared elected, aeon volition was held in the Representative Hall at which tho Governor elect wa qualified. The Gov. then delivered orally his In augural Address At the close of tho Governor's nddresi the Convention dissolved, and the branches ndjourncd to meet at 2 o'clocl P. M.

having agreed to go into convention to elect Secretary of State, Attorney General, Adjutant General, and sever councillors. AfTIRNOOK. Tho Convention of tho two brauchct elccted the following officers. Hon. Noah Smith Secretary 01 State, Hon.Nathan Applcton, Attonie) General, Gen.

James W. Webster, Adj General Benjamin Freeman, George Pierce, Win. M. lleod, Dennis L. Millikcn Win.

Mcrriam, Aaron A. Wing, anil am us S. Hall, Those were all the republican dates and wero elected by a vote of abonl 135 for, to 32 against them. The proceeding of the Legislature on Monday and Tuesday wero coin punitively unimportant, and such as is necessary to get into working order. The standing Committees of the House, not the Joint Committees, wero appoiutcd, and tho Senatorial vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr.

Chandler, tilled by the choice of Andrew Wiggin, onJTuesday. State Treasurer'! Report This document was distributed to the members of the Legislature, the lltli inst. Mr. Peck states the condition of tho State finnncca with couimcudnblc briefness and clearness. Hie expenses of the State government for die past year havo been (505,124,00.

The cash on hand January 1, 1858, is reported $48,423,30. $54,251,80 only has been received from the Land Office this year. Tho estimated receipts for the year 1858 arc given thus Cash on hand Jan. 1, 1858, $48,423,30 Balance due on State Taxes, 197,032,00 The estimated expenditures for 1858, amount to $432,052,82, including therein the payment of $30,000,00 public dcU and $42,000,00 interest The liabilities of the State including trust funds unpaid warrants, fax, is put down at 84. Tho public funded debt is 1600,500.

Tho Treasurer reports the sum of $08,077,25, as baring been paid by him on claims due prior to January 1, 1857. Tho estimate of the Treasurer shows a dcficitucy of $02,897,40, which tho LogBank Tax, Land Office, Duty on commissions, 72,000,00 60,000,00 2,000,00 1370,055,30 islatoro will bo called upon to provide for. The Treasurer docs not auggat a resort to an inerease of the Stale Tax to meet i this deficiency, but recommends retrenchment wherever it can be made, and thinks that costs of criminal prosecutions may be devolved on tho counties. In the event that the Legislature does not deem it best to devolve upon the the costs of criminal prosecutions, re-; ductions can be made in the expenditures of the Reform School, he suggests the propriety of dividing but fifty per cent of the bank tax to the common schools, Mas a measure to the Whatever clso the Legislature may do, we trust that it will not relieve the wants of tho treasury at the expense of the public schools. Economy in such a direction would be worse thnu prodigality.

Morrill's Inaugural. We commend to tho attention and perusal of our readers the Inaugural address of Gov. Morrill, published in our columns to-day. It was delivered orally to branches of the Legislature, and in presence of a large audience, filling the galleries and the areas and aisles, of the Representatives Hall, on Friday last. Gov.

M. gives to the people, in his inaugural, a frank, clear, and somewhat longthy ex position of his on questions of both I State nnd National and wo arc confident that in the general nnd in the I particular, the will find an earnest and hearty public approval. Extended as are tho Governor's remarks, no one of the voters of tho should bo deterred by their length from giving them a candid perusal, and a thoughtful consideration, That economy in tho public expendiJ turo which lightons tho burdens of labor, we are glad to iiud has an earnest advocate in our Governor. There is a grow' ing necessity for caution in this lar, and wo trust the Legislature, heeding the admonition of the Governor, and ful of the just expectation of tho 1 will keep constantly in view these mendations of the message which arc cab 'culated to reduce within proper the public expenditures. It can do so by gn ing tho people a short session and alistain JI from endorsing unnccccssary measures, which drain tho treasury, by lopping off all useless expenditures.

There is philosophy as well as sound doctrino in the suggestions which the Governor 1 uiitkes respecting individual extrava' gancc leading to of public pendituro. The govornor takes, an we think, cor5 roct views of the real Value of our State, and commends its varied interests to the 1 attention of the Legislature in pertinent 3 and proper language. Wo need not 1 greater resources but enlightened Icgisla1 tion. Give this to tho people, with a wise economy iu public expenditure, and it snould bo remembered that niggardness is not economy in the true sense, and Maine may stand with the foremost in tho ground of national or State The Governor has an intelligent idea of the capacities of the State, and the advantages tho people possess over States with "blander skies and more fertile soils." The suggestions of the Governor respecting the educational wants of the people, are characterized by sound sense and enlightened perceptions of tho para1 mount importance of educating the peo' pie. The establishment of a school for the education of teachers, is recommended bv the Governor.

The project has been before tho Legislature, and deeming it calculated to increase the usefulness of tho common schools it has ever had our support. We trust the Legislature will not adjourn without taking measures to give practical effect to this recommendation. Xlie iiovcrnor uiu u-uqx-ianco question in a mnnner that will give to oven' friend of tempo ranco in the State. A clearer statement of the right, and duty of the State to prohibit the accursed traffic in alcoholic could hardly made, than is made in the message. Iti the exposition which the Governor has made of on this question, there is frankness of expression, and compactness of argument.

Everything that is said on this topic is well and appropriately said, and tdions that the Governor not only a friend of prohibition from convictions of cxpedicncy viewed in the light of public policy, but from an earnest desire to promote the moral welfare of the The Governor recommends the submission of any law which may be passed to the for approval. This is in accordance with the pledge given by the republican party at its convention held in IJangor last summer. The republican members of the Legislature in following out the recommendation of the Governor on thin question, will meet the just expectations of the people. We desire only to add that the sentiments expressed by the Governor are in accordance with what was said of them last summer, and we arc pleased that ho has made an authoritative declaration of them which must be satisfactory to all temperance men, and especially to those In our State, who had their suspicions aroused by the action of tho liangor Convention in taking ground in favor of submitting any law that might he passed to the test of the popular will, and were suspicious that questions of par tv expediency might be successfully ap pealed to, to defeat the adoption of a wise and judicious prohibitory law. The remarks of the Governor on the questions connected with tho subject of Slavery strike us as singularly appropriate.

The sentimenta ho enunciates arc snch as the people of Maine hare given utterance to at nil times since it came a statu, ami have while hare ever maintained a spirit of loyalty to the Union, stood firmly against the extension of slavery and persistently rejected those dogmaiof the by which they have in times pant and still stele to nationalize "the scctiotial institution." Mr. Morrill says the thing by which it is sought to extend Slavery, Mis too absurd for argument and too offensive for discussion." Not to extend comment on the manner which Mr. Morrill has spoken on this topic of Slavery, we have no hesitation in saying that the sentiments he has expressed will meet the hearty approval of a vast majority of tho people of the State. In conclusion wo will only add that if the Legislature concur in the truly democratic ideas expressed by the Governor, and show that they do so by practical works, the best interests of the State will be preserved, and the party to which is coniidcd the government of Uie State will never want the sympathy and support of tho people. Tiik Providence Journal of the 8th inst.

contains very full tables showing the extent of the suspension of labor in tlic cotton nnd woollen and printing, in the region of which i'rovidcuce is tho business centre. The tables do uot include the mills in Connecticut or Massachusetts unless transacting their business in Providence. It sums up the general result as follow From the tables we estimate that the reduced production of cotton goods, is to 02,478 pieces, and yards per week, of the value of and that the reduced production of woolen goods is equal to $141,894 per week the rcduccd production in the blcacheriea is $8,350 per week, and that in the calico print works is making a total reduction in thoso four departments of oni industry of $381,741 per week. Providence it well known is the centre of a Inrgc manufacturing district, and the state of things exiting there will probably be found similar in other manufacturing districts. The Journal in commenting on these tables ifocs not view the ahead for successful manufacturing as very flattering, it aays "In roughly estimating the nmount of production that has ccascd, we take the value of finished goods including as well as labor.

No account is taken of the stoppage of tho numerous kinds of business dependent upon the cotton and woolen manufacture. If this could be estimated, it would extend to almost every kind of production and of profitable labor and would swell the amount to an appalling total. Among the heaviest have been tho railroads and the coasting trade; indeed it would Ihj difllcult to iiatiio anv business that has escaped. We shall endeavor to furnish similar statistics of the varioua kinds of in iron and of clrv business, of hich hare largely suffered in the general depression. Since we commenced collecting this information a few mills have atartec', on short time, to keep the machinery in order and to supply employment for labor, ami it is very ox (tensive to stopjamill, and it Is better to run it a while at moderate loss; but tho prices of goods nnd of raw materials have made the far greater than that of suspending operations; nnd there is nothing vet to justify a resumption except partiallv, and for tho reasons which wo have assigned.

It is undoubtedly demanded for the manufacturing interests that should be kept down for some time. There has been cotton enough to meet the demands for manufactured article, but not enough to aupply all the machinery that lias been set in motion. The improvemenu in the processes of manufacture, and the use of cotton as a substitute for more costly materials, have greatly contributed to widen the unfortunate lietwoeii tho raw material ami tho fabric, while the increase of machinery has worked against the manufacturer at both ends making cotton higher aud floods lower. We apprehend, liowover, ittle difllculty in reducing the production. There is, vet, no prosjicet of the profitable employment for tho spindles that are idle, and the few that are 1 I i A Marling, 10 KH'p uic uum iiii; ari.l to supply employment to the help, will produce littlu efloct 111kjti the supply of Some of tlio great corporation.

thnt have stopped, that have exposed such mismanagement, will find it difficult to start, even under much Utter state of the market than there any present of." Tiik Uwio.f Cli'd. This is an organization of young men in thin city, principally those connected with the High School, for literary improvement The Club wee kly on Saturday at 7 o'clock in 1'ioneera' Hall, for delate and other lyceuui A public attendance is reapectfully invited. tion for next has caused the bloodshed, Religious Fanaticism or Political Ambition'I" Kkkr. I'ohi lar We learn from the Democrat, that are being made in Suoo, to have course of six, or Lectures, in the Town Hall, at weekly intervals which dial I frrt to all disposed to Six gentlemen havo generously consented to give us their services. 'Hie first lecture will be on Monday evening next, (18th inst.) at 7 1-2 o'clock, by the Hcv.

Horatio Stcbbings of Portland. Tiik Troupe gave a concert, advertised, in Central Hall on Saturday evening last. The entertainment so and cotiragement given, to warrant another concert at the same place, on next SaturJav evening, as will be noticcd by their vJtcrtMcmcnt in this The given by the Jnllicnn are recanted a decided improvement upon thoae is tally offered by other companies. A lady of town had a leg amputated on'the 23d nit, by Mulvey, by Dm. Warren and Allen.

Hie ra ise wan mortification, which ized the entire the ankle, and affected the limb to the knee. The fifteenth day after the operation, the left tier room unaided, and attended to home basis.