The Independent-Record from Helena, Montana • 1

www Vol. XI No. 167 Helena, Montana, Friday, May 7, 1954 Price Jive Cent French Fortress of Dien Bien Phu Falls To Red Forces After Battle of 20 Hours Two Americans Glamour and Drama of Montands Past Is Portrayed By High School Students in Vigilante Parade Reds Overrun Bastion In Indochina to sereve today because of the by numerous entries in the various press of business. 'categories were relieved by a gen- The other judges are Mrs. W.

B.ierous sprinkling of burlesque and novelty entries. If w- I tS, if Hi I Eight-Man Junta Will Govern Paraguayans Now Buenos Aires, Argentina (JP) Travelers from "Asuncion said Friday Paraguay's midweek revolution ended with formation of an eight-man government junta including President Federico Chaves. These travelers, who left Asuncion Thursday afternoon, said the situation then was tense in Paraguay's capital, with the streets virtually deserted and business houses still closed. They said four military men and four civilians formed the new ruling junta, with Chaves becoming minister of war. Telephone service was partially restored to Asuncion but a reporter who talked with that capital's leading newspaper La Tri-buna, was told, it was impossible to gove any onformation beyond Thursday's official broadcast statements.

Gen. Alfredo Stroesner, armed forces commander, issued a communique Thursday night saying the country was calm and that order had been restored in the rebellious First cavalry division. Other army units, he added, remained loyal to him and to the Colorado party's national 4 TEN YEARS AT HARD LABOR Corp. Edward S. Dickenson, in custoday of MPs, leaves his court-martial in Washington after the military tribunal convicted him of charges he collaborated with his Communist captors in Korea and informed on his fellow prisoners.

He was sentenced to be dishonorably discharged and confined to hard labor for 10 years. Killed in Plane Explosion Saigon, Indochina (JP) A Flying Boxcar jlew up Thursday on a supply drop mission to besieged Dien Bien Phu, killing its two American civilian pilots and the French crew chief. One of the Americans, James B. (Earthquake McGoon) McGov-ernor, 32, of Elizabeth, N. was one of the most famous and in trepid airline pilots in the Far East.

The Chinese Communists held him captive for five months in 1950 after he crash-landed in Red territory. The other American was Wallace Abbott Buford, 28, of Ogden, Utah, who narrowly escaped death 10 days ago. His plane was rid dled by antiaircraft fire which wounded the American pilot with him. An official French Command an nouncement said the cause of the explosion was not known, but un official observers thought possibly it had been hit by, Vietminh anti aircraft. McGovern and Buford were pmong approximately 25 U.

S. civilian pilots, employed by retired Maj. Gen. Claire Chennault's Civil Air Transport They are flying the big Boxcar transports the United States has supplied the French Air Force for the drops to Dien Bien Phu. Working under contract to the French Air Force, the American civilians are paid $35 a flying hour above their regular airline pay.

More than 200 U. S. air force technicians are stationed at French air bases in Indochina, but their Boys Use Cement Mixer for Carnival Ride Watertown, N. Y. (JP) Police broke up this "carnival" conces sion in a hurry Ten boys took over a cement i mixer Jack of a building supply house and took turns riding inside the barrel and cranking.

The make- shift accommodated two cus- tomers at a time. Stevens Swears McCarthy's Aides Threatened Him If Schine Failed to Get Favored Treatment Washington (JP) Secretary i what he called Cohn's "declara- Western Powers Will Seek Start Of Indpchinese Peace Talks Saturday; Last Obstacle Removed war againsi me army auer Cohn was denied admittance to a secret radar laboratory at Ft. Monmouth on Oct. 20 and a meeting he had with Conn and Carr at his pentagon office on Nov. 16.

McCarthy said that while Cohn duties are confined entirely to denied admittarce to the radar! combat servicing of American air-laboratories "commies have tree 'craft supplied the French. The glamour and the drama of Montana's exciting past was re vived today by the Helena high school students' 27th annual Vigi lante parade. For some of the thousands of spectators who lined Helena avenue, Last Chance Gulch and Park, the parade was resurrection of their own experience. For others it was a revelation of the courage and grim determination demanded of the settlers in their conquest of the wilderness. Ideal weather and general enthusiasm attracted many residents to the streets several hours before the parade started at noon, so they could park their cars as near as possible to the line of march and prepare to jockey for positions from which to watch the spectacle.

Necessarily, the best view was provided for the judges, from a reviewing stand at Sixth and Last Chance. The judges, with only two exceptions, have evaluated many parades in former years, and each spring they anticipate Vigilante day as one of their major ac tivities. The two exceptions are Bob Cooney and Al Erickson, both serving for the first time. They are successors to Ralph N. Lodge, whose long service was ended by his death during the year, and Edwin M.

Grafton, who was unable would be convened whenever the western delegations were ready. Final strategy was discussed at a mid-day conference of Eden, French Foreign Secretary Georges Bidault and Undersecretary of State Walter Bedell Smith. French sources said Bidault planned to open the conference with a state ment about the plight of the sick and wounded at Dien Bien Phu. These sources said, however, Bi datilt did not want the question of a Dien Bien Phu truce to be dis cussed by the conference. France has taken the position that this should be discussed by the two sides on the spot and not here.

News of the agreement on the chairmanship came as the East-West delegates returned to their deadlocked debate on Korea after a three-day recess. But the two-week-old try for unification of that war torn peninsula appeared near its expected unproductive end. Philippines Vice President Carlos P. Garcia rejected Communist proposals in Korea as being "in conflict" with the settlement proposed by the United Nations. Leading the resumed debate, the Philippine leader also attacked Red China's claim to speak for Asia as "downright presumption." Opheim Garageman Hurt in Crash Opheim (JP) Sam Adams, Opheim garageman, suffered injuries when the light airplane crashed Friday near the Opheim airport.

He was alone. The extent of his injuries was not determined immediately. He was removed 60 miles to a Glasgow hospital. Mrs. Ethel Hallock witnessed the crash.

She reported the plane hit a power pole, shearing off part of it, then reversed its direction and pancaked into a field. The plane was damaged n. thp Armv StPVPns swore Fridav that Senator McCarthy's aides threatened him if Pvt. G. David Schfne failed to get favored treatment.

They made "exceedingly serious" threats, Stevens told the senate subcommittee investigating the McCarthy-army row. And, Stevens declared, he had distinct impression from McCarthy, as well as from the senator's aides, that the more the army did for Schine the less the army would be subjected to from the McCarthy committee. Schine, a member of a multi millionaire New York family, was an unpaid consultant to he McCarthy subcommittee until he was drafted last fall. The McCarthy-army row revolves about army contentions the senator and his aides made improper ef forts to get preferential treatment for Schine and McCar'hy's counter charges the army tried to shut off the senator's investigations of Communists in the army. McCarthy hammered questions at Stevens and the usually mild-mannered secretary, in his 12th day in the witness chair, snapped back with a sharpness not displayed before.

Pressed by McCarthy. to say whether Rjy M. Cohn, the McCarthy subcommittee's chief counsel, and Francis P. Carr, its-staff director, had ever "threatened" him, Stevens maintained'they had. He said that because-of the subcommittee's search for espionage at Ft.

Monmouth, N. "taken in conjunction with the constant discussion of Schine, it was my feeling that they were threatening me." "If I did not do something, they were going to do something," Stevens said. In response to McCarthy's urging to be specific, Stevens cited McClatchey, C. R. Brazier, W.

R.1 Miles, Grant Swaney, Erwin Shope, Mrs. Mae Bartos, and Mrs. Charles McCoy. Others, who not only occupied the position of honor among the entries but also enjoyed an advantageous viewing point, were the pioneers. Their participation in the parade was made possible by local automobile firms which supplied cars and drivers.

Those in the parade today were Niche Moran, 713 North Ewing; Mrs. Elizabeth Moore, 312 Holter; Mrs. Ida L. Roberts, 40Vz West Sixth; Emma M. Lowry, 669 North Rodney; Mrs.

E. Weisner, 608 North Davis; George Malben, 516 Spencer; Mrs. Minnie Hay, 668 West Main; Mrs. Stella Nolan, 8 North Warren; Mrs. Dan Davis, 705 Logan; Mrs.

Mary Cochran, North Ewing, and Mrs. Emma Austin, 1836 Missoula. The advance of the parade was heralded by the high school band, led by a corps of majorettes in cowgirl skirts and directed by R. C. Clark.

The members wore cow- boy hats, jeans and skirts, white shirts and western ascorts. The drama and conflict portrayed Unemployment Shows Drop During April Washington (JP) The govern ment reported Friday unemploy ment declined 260,000 in April, the xii at juuicaa uiuf idsi ire tober. Employment increased by nearly half a million in the month. The encouraging job report was issued jointly by Secretary of La bor Mitchell and Secretary of Commerce Weeks in a new combined release of data available to both departments. In their joint announcement the two cabinet officers said that not only did employment increase and unemployment decline in April, as measured during the week ended April 10, but "there was evidence that unemployment continued to decline as the month progressed." Unemployment was reported at 3,465,000 or 260,000 less than the 3,725,000 jobless counted in March.

Employment increased by 498,000 between March and April, rising from 60,100,000 to 60,598,000. The jobless drop was largely at tributed to the usual seasonal pick up in outdoor activities. Unem ployment has declined between March and April in all but one of the past dozen years. April's 3,465,000 jobless," while some improvement over March, is still the second largest jobless total for April since World war II. It compares with 3,515,000 unemployed in April of 1950, the postwar high for the month.

Father, Son Retire Oakland, Calif. (JP) A father and son Thursday began drawing federal old age social security benefits simultaneously. They are Benjamin Adams, 94, of Oakland, and his son, William E. Adams, 69, of Walnut crel- On May 1 they retired and returned management of Benjamin Adams and Sons over to third generation members ot the family. Each said ne would receive the maximum $85 a month.

Brought into court in handcuffs to hear the verdict late in the 33rd trial day, the convicted mastermind of the Moskovitz kidnaping cracked to his lawyer: "Cheer up, pal, the worst is yet to come. Here's where we get that old rocking chair." As the verdict was read, pointedly omitting any leniency recommendation which could have resulted in life imprisonment, Jackson grinned and circled his right forefinger and thumb in a symbol of triumph. Then he laughed aloud at Lear, whose face was strained and taut. After an identical guilty verdict was read for Lear, Lear broke into tears. His pretty 23-year-old wife, Betty, who sat in the first row with Lear's mother and father, Mr.

and Mrs. James Lear of Havre, stared for a moment then plunged her face into her hands. Both women sobbed. The entries are being judged late this afternoon on points of historical accuracy, artistry and originality. Many of the students uncovered themes that have been expressed rarely in earlier parades, if ever.

A few noted at random were: No. 61, "Indian Women Retrieving Their Dead After Custer's Battle;" No. 71, "To Earn a Feather" (catching an eagle) No. 383, "Honoring the First Plane Over the Rockies;" No. 384, "Father Pala-dino Presents Helena Firemen With First Bell;" No.

390, "Keel Boat Mandan," and in a lighter vein No! 437, "Old Fashioned Street Cleaners;" No. 439, "Home Entertainment Now and Then," and No. 448 "Fashions on Parade 1920." Vigilante day will end with the annual Vigilante dance in the old high school gymnasium tonight. The prizes in all categories will be presented then. Of particular interest are the sweepstakes prize for the single entrv of ereatest all-around quality.

A. J. Roberts cud for the class With the greatest number of par- tHpanats, and the new W. W. Wahl cup, introduced this year in honor of W.

W. Wahl, for the class showing the most excellence of entries. Shortly before the parade Principal C. telephoned Mrs. Wahl, who is with her husband in Rochester, Minn.

She reported that Mr Wohl's condition is still critical despite many weeks of medical treatment, and she added that she would tell him about the Wahl cup and today's parade. This is the only year since his arrival here in 1939 that Mr. Wohl has been unable to serve as parade cnairmau. loin r.uwarus is serv i as parade chairman this year. Changes in T-H Act Killed By Recommital Washington (JP) The senate Friday voted to send President Eisenhower's Tatt-Hartley revision bill back to the labor committee, in effect killing it for this year.

The roll call vote was 50-42. Southern and northern Demo crats, disregarding an appeal by senate Republican leaders, voted together, but for entirely different reasons, to recommit the bill-Northern Democrats said-, the measure, approved on straight party lines by the labor committee, failed to go to the heart of what they called antilabor "in equities" in the present law. Sen. Hill speaking for labor committee Democrats, said the measure had come to the sen ate by "executive fiat He charged committee Republicans nad re fused to consider changes proposed by committee Democrats and lim ited the revision bill, to Eisen hower's specific recommendations. Hill, in making the recommittal motion, told the senate: "This is no time for the senate to surrender its power to the executive branch, The southerners were also wor ried about an anti-discrimination amendment which Sen.

Lehman said he would call up. An agreement to limit debate on all amendments to 90 minutes would have blocked any southern effort to filibuster that amend ment. Sen. H. Alexander Smith labor committee chairman, pleaded 'vith the senate not to recommit the measure.

He said "no suggestion was ever made that the president's recommendations should, be rubber-stamped," and that "nobody was shut off in offering amendments" in committee. Today's Baseball By The Associated Press American League Philadel. 000 000 0000 5 0 New York 000 000 20x 2 3 0 Martin and Astroth; Morgan and Berra. Washington at Boston, night. Only games scheduled.

National League Brooklyn at Philadelphia, night. New York at Pittsburgh, night. St. Louis at Cincinnati, night. Chicago at Milwauakee, night.

Fate of De Castries And 1,000 Wounded Men Still in Doubt Paris uW Dien Bien Phu has fallen. Premier Joseph Laniel announced late Friday the northwest Indochina bastion "has been submerged." A little fortress named Isabelle, site of the French Union garrison's main artillery, was still holding out three miles south of the bloodied, muddied bastion that had epitomized the Indochina war to the world for 57 days. One of the last orders Brig. Gen. Christian 'de Castries, the lanky commander in chief, sent to Isabelle was to fire on his own command post when the Communist-led "rebel riflemen finally cut through.

There was no immediate word as to the fate of Gen. 'de Castries, commander of ttfe fallen garrison, nor that of Genevieve 'de Galard Terraube, a French nurse and the only woman in the besieged fort. She had been decorated for gallantry twice within the week. Premier Laniel told the national assembly counterattacks had been launched in a vain effort to block the rebels from making a juncture in attacks from the northeast and the southwest, but the defense efforts failed. After 20 Hours "The government has just learned that Dien Bien Phu has been submerged, after 20 hours of uninterrupted combat," Laniel said.

Laniel said "the French reaction will be the reaction of the virility of a great nation." He added that France will confirm its instructions to its delegates at Geneva without admitting that the Dien Bien Phu can change anything. "France will recall to its Allies that during seven years it has never quit defending alone a great region of Asia," Laniel told the assembly. All the deputies in the Assembly stood while Laniel announced the fall of Dien Bien Phu except the Communists. They remained seated. Badly Outnumbered Gen.

Ho Nguyen Giap's rebel seige forces, bidding for victory before the Geneva conference started negotiations for an end to the seven-year-old war, outnumbered De Castries' garrison by 4-to-l or more. De Castries was estimated on the eve of the showdown battle to have 14,000 men, including wounded, at his command. These were Frenchmen, Foreign Legionnaires, Vietnamese and North Africans. There were about 1,000 wounded in underground bunkers of the fort. All efforts for a truce to evacuate them had failed.

The fortress, situated in a broad flat rice plain about six miles long and half that wide, was pounded by artillery and mortars during the long days of the siege. Each new wave of infantrymen bit off a bit of the original fortress until when the attack started during, the past night, a field little bigger than a baseball diamond remained in which the defenders were concentrated. Artillery Used- Defense of the little fortress was made difficult by the fact that all the surrounding hills were held by the Vietminh and, to the surprise of the French Union forces, they were strongly supplied with artillery, for the first time in the more than seven years that they have been fighting the French. Beyond that, also, they had antiaircraft guns which some French and American officials insisted were manned by Chinese crews, a fact never formally established. The end result was, however, that plans to supply the fortress with an airlift from Hanoi proved expensive and extremely difficult.

Planes had to drop their supplies from a high altitude, so that much equipment fell immediately into Vietminh hands. The Dien Bien Phu battle marked the first all-out frontal fighting that the war in Indochina has developed in its nearly eight years. The Communist-led Vietminh hold areas spotted throughout In dochina, but French Union forces still possess the main cities, Hanoi. Saigon and Haiphong. There has been speculation that a rebal success Dien Bien Phu would pav the way for attacks on Hanoi.

18C miles to the tut Dinner Meeting This Evening Will Open Northwest History Conference access. "I say commies do not have free access to those laboratories," Stevens flared. Three days before the Nov. 16 meeting in his office with Cohn and Carr, Stevens recalled, he had said at a news conference that he knew of no current espionage it Ft. Monmouth despite the head- lines growing out of McCarthy's probe there.

Stevens said Carr and Cohn told him McCarthy "felt I had pulled the rug from under him." When McCarthy asked how that was an attempt to win preferential treatment for Schine, Stevens reported it was "all part of a pattern, in my opinion." His voice dripping with sarcasm, McCarthy questioned Stevens about what he called the "promotion" of Shine to Private. He asked whether there was any rating lower than private. Stevens turned around and had a whispered exchange vith army officers sitting near him before re "No." Stevens said. "He started as a recruit and is now private. A roar of laughter almost drowned" out" Stevens' additional statement: "I don't consider that a promition." At the outset of Friday's ses McCarthy said he thought he could complete his questioning of Stevens Friday.

But just be ft re the hearings recessed until 9:30 Monday, McCarthy said he thought he and Cohn would need about an hour and a half more. So Stevens will De back in the wit ness chair Monday. The official temperature at 2 p. m. Helena Federal Li Airport UV RmMin Ul 0 National Station Max.

Min. Pep. Bismarck, N. 59 26 Calgary, Alta. 54 29 Cheyenne, Wyo.

52 34 Chicago, 111. 61 Denver, Colo 64 Kansas City, Mo 68 Las Vegas, Nev. 98 Los Angeles, Calif 72 36 45 43 63 56 34 55 01 Paul 51 New Orleans, La. 76 Geneva (JP) The Big Three western powers decided Friday to propose to the Communists that the Indochinese peace talks begin Saturday afternoon. The last apparent obstacle for the opening of the talks was re moved when the French agreed to have the chairmanship rotate between British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav M.

Molotov. This was understood to be satisfactory to the Communists. The western powers agreed to have W. D. Allen, British undersecretary of the state for foreign affairs, notify Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko that the west is ready to meet Saturday.

It had been arranged several days ago that the meeting Schubert and Frances Whiting Sliubert of Shell, and Nicholas Ifft, III, Bozeman Chronicle. A. B. Guthrie, Montana's Pulitzer prize-winning author for his book, "The Way and author of "The Big Sky" and the screenplay for will dis cuss "Historical Research and the Historical Novel" at a noon lunch eon meeting at the Elks club. Willard Ireland, provincial archivist of the province of British Columbia and president of the Pa cific Northwest Library associa tion, is slated to speak on "Histori cal Source Material" at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon at the histori cal library.

At 3:30 o'clock, George Frykman will be moderator of a panel dis cussion on "The Responsibility of the Historical Researcher to the Public, Schools, His Colleagues and to Himself." Members will include Dr. Merrill Burlingame, MSG; Dr. Paul Phillips, MSU; Dr. Edgar I. Stewart, Eastern Washington col lege; W.

S. Davis, S. Gonzaga; Dr. William Greever and Siegfried Rolland, both University of Idaho. Don McNeill, editor of the Wisconsin magazine of history, will speak on "The Importance of State and Local History" at a dinner at the Elks club at 6 o'clock tomorrow night.

Dr. Robert Athearn Montana, National Weather Dr. Robert Athearn, prominent western author and Montana native, will open the formal program of the Northwest History conference when he speaks on "State and Local History in the Regional Setting" at dinner meeting at Frontier Town at 6 o'clock this evening. Many of the speakers for the conference arrived early last evening, although they were not expected until today. By this afternoon, the entire group should have arrived and be ready for the program prepared for the conference.

Ginger Brown, conference secretary, has 300 registrations and several "drop-ins" are expected. Delegates coming in two chartered buses from Spokane will go directly to Frontier Town, Miss Brown has been informed. Orig inally, they were scheduled to ar rive in Helena aljout 4 o'clock this afternoon. Athearn, who is accompanied by his wife, a native of Havre. He is the author of two books, "Thomas Francis Meagher: An Irish Revolutionary in America published in 1949, and "Westward the published last fall.

A former teacher at the University of Minnesota, he joined the history staff of the University of Colorado in 1947. He received his BS, MA and Ph.D degrees from the Univer sity of Minnesota. He is currently at work on a book about General Sherman and the American west and is coauthor with Wayne Oversholser of novel, "Silent to be published this fall. Richard L. Neuberger of Port land, "one of America's best known, most versatile and busiest writers of will open the Saturday sessions with a talk on "History and.

the Press" at 9:15 o'clock in the state historical library. Neuberger also will be modera tor of a panel on "What Local Communities Expect From the Press in the Way of History and What the Press Expects From the Historian." Panel members will include Luke Wright and Archie Clark, Great Falls Tribune; John Willard and Dorothy Helton, Helena Independent Record; Paul Jackson and Lear Are Convicted In Kidnaping Case; Face Death Forecast, Helena and vicinity-Fair tonight, partly cloudy Saturday. Low 35, high 72. Montana Station Max. Min.

Pep. Billings i 61 38 Tr Belgrade ...62 30 Broadus 61 34 Butte 56 28 Cut Bank 53 31 Tr Dillon 62 34 Drummond 63 24 Glasgow 64 36 .07 Great 56 32 Havre 64 40 Helena 57 32 Kalispell 63 41 Lewistown 53 34 Livingston 59 32 Miles City 62 37 Missoula ...68 39 West Yellowstone 61 Whitehall 63 34 .02 .02 .17 San Francisco (JP) Two former private detectives condemned to death for a kidnaping in whicn the victim was rescued and no ransom was paid faced the San Quen-tin gas chamber with radically dif ferent attitudes Friday. Dapper, 52-year-old Harold Jack son and mild Joseph Lear, 43, were convicted late Thursday of kidnap ing Leonard Moskovitz, 36, a real estate broker, Jan. 16. They demanded $500,000 ransom; later $300,000.

The jury of six men and six women found that Moskovitz suffered bodily harm in being chained and threatened with a knife before he was rescued by police after 61 hours in captivity. The jurors automatically condemned the two to death by not recommending leniency. The verdict didn seem to bother Jackson, a onetime sailor and an all-time adventurer who operated a wartime private guard agency on the San Francisco waterfront 1 New York City 61 Portland, Ore. 79 47 St. Louis, Mo 54 46 Salt Lake City, Utah 78 47 San Francisco, Calif.

67 50 Seattle, Wash 64 47 Spokane, Wash 69 48 Washington, D. 63 52 .46 Tr Maximum temperatures for preceding calendar day; precipitation for 24 hours ending at 5:30 p. minimum temperatures for 12-hour period ending at 5:30 a. m. West of divide Fair and mild tonight and Saturday.

Low 30 to 50, high 65 to 75. East of divide Fair tonight and Saturday, warmer daytime temperatures west Low 30 to 40, high 65 to 75..