Evening star from Washington, District of Columbia • Page 12

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TP YfilirKT WiMCh. E. I Repository, I'hone Jjr4-10d Building a Great Wall Around Galveston. RAISING THE STREETS SPENDING MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FOR PROTECTION. Taking Precautions Against a Repetition of the Experience of the Great Flood of 1900.

BY WILLIAM E. CURTIS. Special Correspondence of The Star and the Chicago Record-Herald. GALVESTON. Texas, June 23, 1905.

The city of Galveston, which was so nearly destroyed by a llood in September, 1900, Is gradually recovering from the disaster, although the population is not yet as large, real estate values are still below normal, and the business of the city has not yet been fully restored. The storm cost Salveston 8,000 lives and SLMOOO in property, which can never be recovered: 4,131 buildings were destroyed. The people were so frightened that at least moved as many as were the population was reduccd altogether about out of a total of 40,000. A good many of those who left are now coming back, and there are many newcomers. The population Is estimated today all the way from 30,000 to 35,000.

The receipts of the street car companies and the business of the post office, which are accurate thermometers, have increased gradually year by year until they are about as large as they were before the flood, and those best qualified to judge estimate tli.it the volume of the mercantile trade, both jobbing and retail, is within 10 per cent of high-water mark in former times, while the export trade is very much larger than it ever was before. The people of the city are still engaged In the work of rebuilding. The business pontion was not seriously affected by the flood, nor were the larger and more substantial residences materially injured. It was the cheap and unsubstantial class of dwellings occupied by the poorer classes that were swept away, and they are being rapidly rebuilt in a more sol manner. To Protect the City.

Seven millions of dollars are being spent to protect the city against another flood. It has been pretty well determined that the disaster was r.ot due to any subterranean convulsion, tidal wave or other freak of nature, but that the great rising of the waters by which the city was submerged ivas caused by an ordinary hurrienne such is sweeps over the West Indies two or hree times every year. This particular storm originated in the vicinity of Marinlque, five or six days before It struck 3alveston: and the weather bureau at ashington has a record of Its progress md t-he meteorological disturbances which ittended it within the gulf area. The wind ittained a velocity of 120 miles an hour in i direct line toward Galveston and rolled ip before it the waters of the gulf until hey were eight or nine feet higher aJong he coast than was ever known before. A similar storm blowing across Lake Michgar would have destroyed Chicago, or if had struck New York would have subnerged that city.

While the chances are that Galveston will never be attacked by such a storm igain. the situation of the upon an Island of sand only a few feet above the level of the sea, makes it necessary to provide permanent protection. Galveston is entirely cut oft from the mainland. The only communication is by boat, or by single railroad bridge owned by the Gulf. Colorado and Santa Fe road, which is now used by all the railways entering the city.

Previous to the flood there were several trestles for railways and one for wagons, but now there Is no way for a wagon or carriage to reach Galveston from the mainland unless It is brought on a railway train or a boat. It is proposed to build a causeway across the bay for ordinary traffic, but that is not really necessary, because upon the mainland Is a strip of swamp and sand about fourteen miles wide which is practically uninhabitable, and there is very little demand for teaming. Building a Great Sea Wall. As soon as the citizens had recovered their tranquillity after the flood a board of engineers, consisting of Gen. Roberts of the United States army, Alfred Noble of Chicago and H.

C. Ripley, was appointed to subfnit a plan for the permanent protection of Galveston, and In accordance with its recommendations the island is now being surrounded by a sea wall and the grade of the entire city is being raised from six to eighteen feet, both streets and houses, above its former level. The sea wall is a little over three and a half long, sixteen feet wide at the base, five feet wide at the top and seventeen feet above mean low tide. The foundations rest upon four rows of round piling twelve in diameter and driven four feet apart into the ground to a depth of forty-four feet through the sand into the clay subsoil. There is also a row of sheet piling outside of the wall, driven twenty-six feet into the ground below mean low tide, to prevent the water from undermining the wall; which is still further protected by an apron of riprapping and solid granite blocks twenty-seven feet wide and four feet deep along the beach at the base of the wall.

The wall proper is made of solid concrete, composed of crushed granite, sand and cement, mixed by immense machinery (designed and constructed especially for this purpose) and laid in sections. The concrete is reinforced by a steel framework nine feet high, placed within the wall. The government of the States pays for one mile of the wall and the city and county of Galveston pay for two and one-half miles. The entire cost of the work will be about $3,000,000. The funds were raised by an issue of bonds author- ized by special act of legislature, which have all been subscribed for at home and are Issued as money is needed to carry on the work.

Congress has already appropriated $591,000 to pay the governmental share of the expense The grade of the city is being raised nt a cost of about $4,000,000, one-half of which Is paid by Individuals and the remainder by an Issue of bonds authorized by the legislature. The state of Texas has been liberal, if not generous, to Galveston In her trouble, and has not only authorized the loans necessary, but has remitted the state taxes for eighteen years. In other words, while the same assessments are to be made as heretofore, and the taxes" are to be collected as usual, the share which formerly went to the state government now goes into a fund to pay the Interest and provide a sinking fund for the redemption of the bonds as they mature. The work of raising the grade Is being done under the supervision of a commission appointed by the governor, who are assisted by Capt. Riche of the United States a-my and H.

T. Wilson, a local engineer. The scheme is unprecedented. All of the houses and other buildings in a certain part of the city are being elevated from six to eighteen feet, according to their location. Those in the most exposed portion of the city are lifted eighteen feet.

The average elevation Is nine feet. The elevation of the streets and public buildings and grounds is being done by a firm of New York contractors upon a basis of cents per cubic yard of earth, the total price being $1,938,175. The property owners are at lfberty to use their own method of elevation. and Indeed there Is no way of compelling them to raise their grades. Many of them have not done so and do not intend to, for various reasons.

Many cannot afford it. One-third of the Inhabitants lost everything they had in the flood, and few of them have been able to recover during the four years since. Therefore public sentiment opposes coercion, and for many years Galveston is likely to have a peculiar appearance, the residences and other buildings standing at different six to ten feet below the street level and others even with it. But eventually, no doubt, all of the lots will be filled in. How the Streets Are Raised.

The filling of the streets Is done by an Ingenious method. In the first place, a canal was dug through the city intersecting all of the principal streets. The TEREOSCOPEFREE See the finest scenery and the greatest natural wonders of the world through a Stereoscope. Just like being there. Get the correct idea of objects, places, and events of interest.

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which stood upon the route were demolished or removed, and the land occupied by the canal was leased by the city from the owners at a reasonable rental. When the work is completed the canal Is to be filled up and the houses that were preserved will be taken back to the lots which they formerly occupied. The material used for filling is exclusively sand, brought by self-loading and self-propelling dredges from the bottom of the bay. When a dredge Is loaded it steams through the canal to one of the distributing stations at the foot of one of the streets along which Immense iron pipes have been laid. These pipes are attached to the dredges and the sand is forced through them by hydraulic pressure and distributed over the streets until tWey are brought up to the required grade.

The same contractors are filling most of the private property by the same method. They can do it much better and more economically than any one else, and It is done with extraordinary rapidity. Each of the giant dredges can carry enough sand in a single load to bring an ordinary lot up to grade. The houses are first elevated to the required height by Jack-screws and other familiar methods and new foundations are placed under them. Then the pumping machinery Is set in motion and tons upon tons of sand, which was scooped up from the bottom of the bay only a few hours before, begins to pour through the pipes until the lot is filled and brought up to the grade of the street.

A sufficient allowance is made for packing and settling, and the owner of the property can exercise his taste In completing the Job. In some cases the sand is covered with rich soil and sod brought from the mainland, but there is very little turf In Galveston. It has been difficult, and In most cases impossible, to preserve the palms and other trees, for trhlch Galveston has been famous. They cannot be raised like the houses. Several of the streets are lined with rows of oleanders, which bloom the year round.

Galveston is called "the Oleander City," and when all of the plants are in blossom the effect Is not only beautiful, but unique. There is nothing like It anywhere else in the world. Many of the oleanders were destroyed by the flood, but fortunately more were left uninjured and have been carefully preserved while the streets are being elei vated. Other plants and flowers have also been taken care of In the same way. Rich residents have restored their grounds at an enormous expense so -that Galveston will not lose all Its beauty.

Board of Four Commissioners. Galveston has a peculiar city government. It formerly had a mayor and a board of twelve aldermen, but the municipal administration went to pieces at the time of the flood. The state authorities took command and at the next meeting of the legislature a spclal act was passed providing for a centralized government composed of four commissioners, who elect a president from among their own number. He exercises the functions of a mayor and they divide the labors and responsibilities of administration between them.

This plan has been so successful and popular that both San Antonio ana Houston have since adopted It and Dallas Is talking of trying it also. Comparatively few of the streets here are paved, and It will be a long time before the taxpayers will be able to provide for pavements. The streets are of sand, which aggravates the situation and makes teaming difficult and heavy. The board of commissioners have adopted the plan of sprinkling the surface with crude petroleum, which has proved very successful. The oil keeps down the dust and the wheels of passing vehicles pack It hard as asphaltum, so that after a few sprinklings an excellent pavement Is secured.

The odor is not 11 ls 8aIl! to be vepy healthful, which is some compensation. The use of oil in keeping down the dust Is becoming ln tfie larKer cities of Texas tracks raiIroad has sprinkled its er? to petroleum Is very cheap. Indeed. there is no other use for the lower produced enormous district. the entlre Beaumont Suffragists' Board Chosen.

The National Woman Suffrage Association unanimously re-elected the old officers, with the exception of vice presldent-at-large and second auditor, at Portland. yesterday The board stands as follows: President Susan B. Anthony, New York; vice president, Florence Kelley, Illinois; corresponding secretary, Kate M. Gordon, Louisiana recording secretary. Alice Stone Blackwell Massachusetts; treasurer, Harriet Tayloi Upton, Ohio; first auditor.

Laura Clay, Ken. tucky; second auditor. Dr. Annice Jeffrey; Meyers, Portland. The delegates voted change the by-laws requiring alternate con ventions to be held at Washington and It optional.

JULY 4TH CASUALTIES SOLDIERS MAIMED WHILE FIRING SALUTES AT NEW YOBK. Numerous Holiday Fatalities in Gotham, Chicago and Other Cities? Incidents of the Day. By the premature explosion of a shell in the open breech of a five-Inch gun while a Fourth of July salute was being fired at Castle William, on Governor's Island, New York, yesterday. Private Cornelius Harrington of Company 8th Infantry, was so badly injured that he may not recover. One arm was torn off, his right eye was blinded and he was terribly burned on the head and body.

Sergt. Frank Webb of the same company and regiment was also badly hurt, and it is feared will lose the sight of one of his eyes, but he is expected to recover. Sixteen men were grouped about the battery of four siege guns while the salute was being fired and at the moment when the explosion occurred, but only those nearest the gun were knocked down by the force of the explosion. The gun had been fired once, and, under the direction of Sergt. Webb, Harrington had placed a new shell in the breech of the gun and was about to close it when something ignited the blank shell.

It Is believed that a spark from the previous discharge set it oft. Private Thrown Thirty Feet. Harrington was thrown thirty feet from the gun. Sergt. Webb was out of the direct line of the explosion and the full force.

Both men were removed to the hospital on Governor's Island and the firing of the salute was continued. An inquiry to determine the cause of the accident will be made at once. Altogether five deaths were recorded in New i'ork city as a result of the day's celebration, and the number of accidents reaches into the hundreds. One child was killed in a curious way, having fallen from a window while watching the celebration and dying a few moments later. Morris Gouhesteln, an Fast Side tailor, was killed by a stray bullet.

Numbers of others were seriously hurt. Several persons were hit while sitting at their windows or on verandis. Two Injured at Boston. Dliring the ceremony of firing the national salute of forty-five guns at Fort Warren, Boston harbor, yesterday, the charge of the sixteenth round exploded prematurely. injuring two privates of the With Company, Coast Artillery, one probably fatally.

P-ivate James J. Buckley, who was placing the blank shell In the breech of a sixpounder, was frightfully injured. The explosion tore his left arm nearly to the shoulder, and the flying partlclcs struck him in the face, shattering the bones of his chin. Private Hector McNeil was severely burned and some of the powder grains lodged In his eyes. An Investigation was Immediately made to determine the cause of the accident, but nothing in the appearance of the gun disclosed It.

At Randolph, the explosion of a small yacht cannon last night, which had been fired frequently all day, resulted in the death of Henry Alrlch, twenty years old, who was struck by a fragment of the pieces, and died within a few minutes. Victims at Chicago. One man dead, a boy probably fatally wounded, two other men shot and a boy hurt by a cannon cracker were contributions of victims to the Fourth of July celebration in Chicago. Charles Strelow, nineteen years old, was and killed by one of four unidentified men, all of whom escaped. Strelow, who was with several friends, had fired one shot from a revolver, when four men, who said they were detectives, demanded that the party submit to a search.

Strelow resisted and ran, and one of the four shot hlrri dead. Harry Hind, six years old. probably was fatally hurt by Katie Hugg, fifteen years old, who playfully pointed an old revolver at Tilm. The weapon was discharged, and the boy fell with a wound in his breast. Carles Bennett, twenty years old, was struck In the right knee by a bullet fired by Patrolman I.evis, who was trying to disperse a crowd which had objected to the arrest of a boy for placing torpedoes on the street car tracks.

After the shooting a crowd of 200 persona attempted to assault the policeman, who was forced to return to the station. William J. O'Brien, twenty-seven years old. was struck in the left foot by a stray bullet. Bert Butler, thirteen yaara old, was in jured severely by a cannon cracker, which exploded In his hand prematurely.

Four Dead in Philadelphia. Four persons dead, two probably fatally Injured and more than 20J others wounded Is the result of the Independence day celebration in Philadelphia up to last night. The most sensational tragedy of the holiday was the killing of a man by Albert Londgren, a policeman, while the former was resisting arrest. The dead man is Michael Cleary. Cleary and a friend were celebrating the day when they got into a tight with an Italian.

Londgren stopped the fight and arrested-' Cleary and his companion. A crowd pounced upon the policeman and I were beating him when he shot into the crowd, killing Cleary. While sitting on the front step of her i home Mrs. George Clemens was hit In the abdomen by a stray bullet and died in a hospital last night. Louis Ostrow, a nine-year-old boy, was killed almost instantly by a man who was examining a revolver.

A horse driven by Henry Black became frightened at the discharge of fireworks and ran away. Black was thrown under the wheels of the carriage In which he was riding, and so badly hurt that he died a few hours later. One of the two probably fatal accidents was that of a woman who was shot In the eye. The other case was that of a man, who received a bullet in the abdomen. The shot was fired by a neighbor, who had never before handled a revolver.

At Wheeling, W. while Mrs. Robert Jenkins had a quantity of and email, in her lap they exploded, horribly injuring her. She will probany d.e. FOURTH OF JULY NOTES.

The chief formal celebration of July 4 was held In Independence Square, at Philadelphia. the feature of the exercises being the presence of Rear Admiral Wlnfleld Scott Schley, who delivered the oration. Patriotic songs were sung by a chorus of school children. The French cruiser Jurlen de la Graviere, now lying at anchor In the harbor at Baltimore. was profusely decorated with the American colors yesterday, and at noon fired a national salute of twenty-one guns in honor of Independence day.

DISTRICT WOMAN'S ADDRESS At Session of Educators at Asbury Park, N. J. At Asbury Park. N. last night the town gave an exhibition of fireworks on a grand scale for the teachers.

There was a profusion of bom6s and patriotic pieces set off from the fishing pier. The Carlisle Indian band played weird music. Numerous state receptions were held. The crowd at Asbury Park was estimated at 75,000. At a meeting of the Indian department of the National Educational Association, Susan B.

Slpe of the normal school of this city delivered a paper on the work of the bureau of plant industry. United States Department of Agriculture, In Its relation to agricultural instruction in Indian schools. She said In part: "The Indian question of the future is an agricultural one. The problem will be to teach him better methods of agriculture, of stock raising and the utilization of the natural advantages which he possesses. "In his last report to the Secretary of Agriculture the chief of the bureau of plant Industry, Dr.

B. T. Galloway, says: 'The great Interest now being manifested In nature study has prompted the bureau to encourage the movement by such means as mfglit be within Its "Efforts should be made In our educational system to bring early to the mind of the child the facts which will be of value In emphasizing the Importance and necessity of agricultural work. There is no better way to do this than through a well managed and well conducted system of school garden training. "More and more evident it Is becoming, In all lines of work, that publications are not sufficient to arouse that interest in agricultural advancement which the necessities of the times demand.

An active demonstration of the superiority of certain crops and certain methods ovtr others Is always a striking object lesson. "Realizing that the progress of this work must necessarily be slow from the fact that public school teachers have no practical training In agriculture and horticulture, the bureau la urging the establishment of elementary courses in these lines in all normal schools. No set rules can be made for the management of a school garden. It rests with you to find what is valuable for your own school and adapt that to It. "The whole garden has given material for practical arithmetic.

Pupils have calculated the part of an acre they are cultivating; what part of the whole garden each boy baa; the of fertilising; the amount of fertiliser needed to oofror the entire area an inch deep: the cost of the fence; the cost of each boy's plot and the cost to the department of the entire experience. After a heavy storm the rainfall to the square inch was gotten the daily paper and a calculation made of the amount tliat fell on each boy's plot, and how many times he would have carried the three gallon watering pot to put the same amount on." HELD FOB MTJRDER OF SON. Morrisville, Pa.f Man Reported to Have Confessed Crime. Following a three weeks' investigation by detectives. Gustave A.

Closson of Morrisville, is held at Doylestown. N. charged with having poisoned his elevenyear-old son Walter May 19. The boy was an imbecile, and, according to detectives, the father confessed that he had given him rat poison in beer because he could no longer endure his presence. One of the disgusting habits of the boy is said to have been a propensity to eat garbage from cans, and it was suspected he might have acquired the poison in that way.

It is Said by the detectives that the father also admitted a previous attempt to poison a fourteen-year-old son. also mentally afflicted and of depraved habits. Laurel and Vicinity. Special Correspondence of The Star LAUREL, July 5, Thte Fourth was observed here in a good old-fasliloned manner. The volunteer fire department held an all-day picnic in the grove which was very largely attended.

A parade took place at 9 in the morning, headed by the military band. Fire companies and- other organizations marched through the principal streets of the town and then to the picnic grounds. The Laurel Outing Club was to have played the Oregon base ball club of Washington in the morning, but-were disappointed on account of the Washington boys not put: ting in an appearance. The people of Savage, near here, celebrated the Fourth in gre it style. Ttie American Star Council, Junior Order LTnited American Mechanics, together with the different Sunday schools of the town, had arranged a patriotic celebraI tioii for the occasion, and a very large crowd attended, many coming from a tance.

A parade started at 9 a.m. from Mechanics' Hall, composed of American Star Council, the Sunday school and others. Mr. Lee Owens, the council marshal, and his assistant were mounted and headed the council, being preceded by the Savage Cornet Band. Mr.

John Phelps and Capt. Charles Haslup had charge of the Sunday school divisions. A chorus of 100 voices sang the patriotic songs. Short addresses and reading of the Declaration of Independence also took place. Mr.

Olln Bryan of Baltimore spoke in the morning and Mr. A. P. Gorman, and Prof. W.

C. Phillips in the afternoon. There were foot races, potato races, flag drill and other amusements during the day. including two ball games. Falls Church Celebrates.

Special Correspondence of The Star. FALLS CHURCH, July 5. 1905. The celebration of Independence day yesterday under the auspices of the village Improvement socjety attracted a large audience to the lawn of the Falls Church Inn, where a stand had been erected and hand. somely decorated with flags and bunting.

exercises took place in the afternoon, commencing at 3 o'clock. Rev. Dr. Frank- i lln Noble, vice president of the society, presided. The choral society.

Mrs. leader and Miss Alice Noble pianist, furnished the music. The exercises were opened with a chorus "America," after which Rev. A. W.

Graves offered prayer. This was followed by the reading of the Declaration of Independence by Mrs. George A. L. and a recitation of an original poem, entitled "Oh Flag of the Free," by Mr.

Edmund J. Brookings of Washington. R. E. Lee, representative of the county In the legislature, was then introduced and his reception was little less than an ovation by the people whom he has served in the halls of legislation.

His address was chaste and appropriate for the occasion and received well merited applause. The Choral society sung "The Miller's Wooing." at the close of which Judge William L. Penfleld. solicitor for the State Department, was introduced and made an address which delighted the people and was listened to with close attention. The benediction was pronounced by Rev.

Dr. R. A. Davison. After the exercises Mr.

George A. L. Merrifleld entertained the speakers and others at' his residence with refreshments. A. vote of thanks was given the various committees managing the celebration, which the following were the Rev.

Dr. Franklin Noble, literary clses; George A. L. Merrifleld, receptloiu. E.

C. Hough, Dr. George B. Fadai1, 1 grounds and decorations; Dr. J.

R. Gould, refreshments. The speakers were also tendered a vote of thanks. AT WASHINGTON GROVE. Independence Day Appropriately Celebrated at the Camp.

Special Correspondence of The Star. WASHINGTON GROVK, Md? July 5. 190R. Independence day was celebrated In Assembly Hall. The Washington Grovo chorus, specially trained by Mr.

Percy S. Foster, opened the program with "8peed Our Republic." Mr. H. L. Strang, president of the W.

G. C. M. Association, read the Scripture. After patriotic songs and a prayer by Mr.

W. H. H. Smith, attention was called to a copy of the Declaration of Independence appended to the reading desk. It was produced in 1870, and is a fac-simile of the original of a hundred years before.

Mr. William Heck read the declaration. The chorus followed with the new "Hail Columbia." An address by the Rev. Dr. George Bailey of Washington was the event of the day.

In the morning the married men played the single men a game of base persecuted against the defeated them by the score of 11 to 5. The Washington Grove team started the season, playing Takoma Park, and was def mi by the score of to Costly errors of the Grove team caused the defeat. The feature of the game was the pitching of Mr. Rodney McCathryn, who struck out fifteen men. Mrs.

Sarah Posey Is visiting her son at his cottage, on Grove avenue. Miss Grace Beers of Chicago Is the guest of Miss Edith Carter Mr. Paul Buckler Is here from the west visiting his mother. Miss Fanny Burns lias returned from Damascus. Mr.

George Selby spent the Fourth at his cottage. Among those who opened their cottages on July 1 were Mr. Robert Cohfn and family, Mrs. Amanda Godey and daughters. Mr.

and Mrs. Jami'S McCathryn and family, Mr. and Mrs. George Cook, Miss Emmn Marsh, Mr. Harry White, Mr.

William Pritchard, Miss Mary Welch, Mrs. Rogers and daughter, Mrs. Thomas Dowling, Mr. and Mrs. F.

Woodward. Killed by a Train. Hal Correspondence of The Stnr. BOYD'S, Md? July 190.V This morning e.irly the dead body of James Brown, who was better known around Garrett Park and Randolph. Montgomery county, as James Adams, was found beside the Baltimore and Ohio tracks.

His father-inlaw stated this morning that Brown had been on a spree during the night. As his house is only fifty yards from the track ho walked out and sat on the ties, where it is supposed he fell asleep and the cars ran over him, badly mangling ills body. Investigation will be made of the afTair by the coroner from Garrett Park. Brown was about thirty-five years old. Thomas Reed, a republican member of the West Virginia legislature, was struck by a train and killed while stepping from one track to another near his home at Oakville yesterday.

He was eighty years and leaves a wife and several children. STAR BRANCH OFFICES. If not convenient to call at the main office with your advertisements leave them at the following Gentner's Drug Store. 14th and n.w. CrlswrU'i Drug Store.

7th and ODonnella Drug Store, 32d and King's Drug Store. 15th and Vt. are. n.w. Port man'a Pharmacy.

14 th and Ft. I. are. n.w. Pharmacy.

115th and Pa. Eppley's Pharmacy. 14th and VNellliuc llaiey'a Drug Stoie. IIth and Capitol atfl. Bradley's Drug Store.

8th and I its. Sulllvau's Drug Store, ith and s.w. Holtxclaw's Newsstand. I a. are.

C. G. Lohr. Monroe and sts. n.w..

Postal Telegraph Woodward Lothrops. Postal Telegraph office. Kann. Sons Postal Telegraph offlce. toth and sts.

n.w.. Postal Telegraph offlce. Jenifer bldg. 7th and D. Telegraph office.

Commercial Bank 14th and G. Telegraph offlce. Wanted Help and Situations, Rooms and Board cost I cent a word for not less than 15 words. Business Opportunities, For Sale and Wanted Miscellaneous, Horses and Vehicles, Lost and Found, ic. a word if inserted three times.

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