The Pittsburgh Post from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania • Page 12

THE PITTSBURGH SUNDAY POST. NOVEMBER 21. 1915. TWTJ THE DANGER OF HAVING A JOB DECLINE OF KLONDIKE GOLDFIELD $ittsbucgl) flost a recent HE first national congress on indus- different trades and manufacturing pro-i employed in factories and industrial es- Nov. 20.

In VV rial diseases held in Chicago in cesses the workers are exposed to the tablishmonts. Since that time, England publication of the Smithsonian In- France. Germany and Italy have made 1910. adapting to the United States data hazards of lead poisoning titution, H. M.

Cadell reiorts his studies in them or else intimated terms that would he impossible of acceptance. In the meantime there is no lull in the fighting or in the preparations for continuing it. Americans would be only too glad to hear of the war coming to an end. But peace reports have to' be considered from a practical standpoint as other matters. After the millions of lives lost on both sides based on the sickness insurance statistics As a matter of fact, there are but few great progress in the study of this sub- and investigations of the Klondike and The Only Democratic Daily Paper in Pittsburgh.

of Germany, sent a memorial to the Pres. occupations which are not associated with ject and the legislative and educational Yukon goldfield. including an interesting ident of the United States calling lor some health hazard. Alter a surey or measures devised for its control have controlling legislation and estimating that the industrial establishments in the State been well advanced. The United States there were ir the United State in 1910 of Ohio, the director of the division of is fir behind other countries in this re- flat whero the Yukon is Joined by the Klondike river, two tributaries of which are the famous Bonanza creek and Hunker creek.

Although traces of gold were discovered in the Yukon valley In about 1S69, it was 12 years later, in 1SS1, before it was found in the Big Salmon, and in the Lewes, Pelly and Stewart rivers. Five years afterward coarse gold wm found on the Fortymiie, a tributary of the Yukon below Dawson, and in 1S54-1SS6 the discoveries of Bob Henderson and George Cormack, in Hunker 13,400 000 cases of sickness among 33,500,000 occupational diseases of the state board sPect, though recent activities indicate Established 1842. review of the early history of this district as well a.s a prophecy as to its future development. The name Klondike was once in every mouth, and late in the nineteenth century it nearly became a synonym for all that was rich and prosperous. But of late it has not been so common, its early I pnno-ed in gainful ocupations, of health stated his report that, xne.tnat tne health of workers will soon re- and the billions of dollars spen is I representing 2S4.750.0O3 days of illness and truth of the matter is that occupational -eacela loss of $366,107,145 in wages alone.

diseases are exceedingly common." The I There are no statistics available to reason that many of the occupational dis- either force likely to consider peace ccive the attention which its great importance demands. The first congress of industrial diseases was held live years ago. A number of independent organizations have become active, as well as slate, labor and industrial commissions short of victory or crushing defeat? paf but estimates of tases are overlooked is that tney rareo sociologists an kill in themselves. They arc under- cover the year 1915, e- r.hvcicJana bloom having faded away. The sensa-1 and Bonanza creeks drew miners tional pockets of fine placer gold, which lnto Klondike valley from all quarters.

i attracted hordes of hardv adventurers 1 rodigious quantities of gold were soon statisticians indicate that the figures are miners and the terminal affection, tne far more alirmins. i ciusc of death, is usually assigned to de- found in Bonanza creek and many miners and state boards of health. The first i from every quarter, are now nearlv de generative diseases (as those of the heart, work on occupational diseases (Thomp- pleted. and no new ones have been dis- Why is this so? tiaspfl on data of various lungs and kidneys) which, through pre- son) to be published in America appeared coveted to maintain its earlier reputa Ending the struggle in an Inconclusive manner would only mean that It would have to be fought to a finish another time. "When either side realizes that it has no hope of victory it will not be slow in finding a way to peace negotiations.

The belligerents know how to get peace when they are ready. last year. The United States public tion. But while this part of the Yukon district can no longer be called a poor kinds and on information furnished by disposition, are brought about by the oc-Dr. J.

A. Watkins of Pittsburgh, past cupation or its environment, and are assistant surgeon of the United States to the primary condition which health service is making a study of the existing conditions in several industries with the view of devising measures of man goldrield, it still contains a con- iderable quantity of alluvial sold which PubHBhed by The Pcxst Publishing Comply, General Ollices. Poet Building. Wood an liberty streets. PHtaburgh.

Pa. Northlda Office. 803 Federal street. T. H.

GIVEN' President A. E. BRAUX Vice Pres. and Tr. R.

il IRVIX Secretary W. V. Managing J. B. TKOWER Advertising Manager MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRE33.

Entered as 2d Class Mall Matter at ADVERTISIXG BRANCH OFFICES: Cone, Lorenzen Woodman. New Tork City 225. Fifth AJM Chicago Office Advertising 5 retrolt Free Presa Bu idin. Kansas City Gumbel Building Daily, by Carrier, 1 week and by Carrier. 1 week Dally, by mall.

1 montn Dally, by mall, 1 month, with Sunday Dally, by mail. 1 year 2 YL Dally, by mail, 1 yeiif, with Sunday ov PRIVATE PHOXE EXCHANGE All Depta. Bel! Grant C90. Independent Main im. Open Day and Night Dally and Sunday.

THE PITTSBURGH POST la on sale at all the leading news stands in New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and the other larger cities of the United States and Canada. Ask for it. public health service, is intended to show nas oscayea notice. v.nw and whv occupational diseases are' According to recent investigations it general application which will be of mu- can be secured by the application of caP- made fortunes in a short time, but unfortunately most of the gold was spent foolishly or in debauchery. One man Is said to have taken $600,000 out of a claim Si feet by 300 feet, but, so the story goes, he spent it in a few years and died in poverty.

The quickest fortune on record was secured by two men, who cleaned up gold to the value of J65.000 in 27 hours. Stories of the proceedings at Klondike during these "golden day" are not edifying, but point to the moral that wealth too easily and quickly won, is aPt to tual benefit to employers and employes. TTIE "FRIENDS" OF THE POLICE. ital and brains. It remains a region well worth visiting, for besides the gold it has other possibilities of development.

There are many points of geographic and scientific interest; in this remote and imPen-fectly explored northwestern corner of seems probable that the cause of these conditions is not due solely to such extrinsic poisonings as benzine, wood alcohol, phosporous, but may also be the result of intrinsic toxins developed in the body due to fatigue, either physical or mental, exposure to abnormal teniper- affecting the health of men and women at work in the nation's industries. Work in itself is not only harmless, but is as necessary for the health of man as it is for his subsistence. Far from degrading or injuring man's health, work should tend to improve him both Jntnro nnri hnmiiiitv. etc. Many of these mentally and physically.

teniaitj ii 1 1 i piijon-aiij. It has long been known that the wage- faotors operate quite insidiously, others and has lately followed the example of several foreign countries and established a hospital for the treatment of those afflicted with occupational diseases and a laboratory for scientific investigation of industrial hygiene problems the first in the United States in the United States Marine Hospital, Penn avenue and Fortieth street. Must Be Investigation. There must be first, investigation. This should be carried on in a scientific, thorough, and unprejudiced manner.

The health hazards must be discovered and 'ttsburgh Promotes Progress the British empire; there are numerous problems awaiting the discussion and investigation of the geologist and the geographer of the years to come. On his trip of investigation, Mr. Cadell steamed up the coast from Vancouver, and through the Lynn canal, to Skag-way, which he terms the gateway to the Yukon, and describes as "a wretched little town with decayed wooden houses and grass-grown streets, the scene of many robberies, riots and murders at the time of the gold rush, which the police authorities had neither, the power earning class presents a higher morbid- acutely, but all sooner or later tend so jty and Vnortality rate than those other- to injure the various structures of the wise engaged, and that this class suffers body that disease or some pathological from diseases and ailments peculiarly its condition results. own. The statements that workers become We find references to these conditions used to these conditions is frequently in ancient literature.

Aristotle mentions heard, as for instance to the inhalation "diseases of runners." Hippocrates re-i of benzine fumes; for after a time the SUXDAT MORNING. NOVEMBER 21. 1915. One of the main reasons for pressing to a conclusion the case before council of a police officer accused of using his position to coerce voters is the need of counteracting the effect of his contention that he acted only in his capacity as a citizen and sought to exert his influence only upon "friends." While the testimony is in direct contradiction of this, it is dangerous even for a moment to allow the impresson to stand that public officers on duty can act as private citizens or that they can recognize "friends" or deal in "favors" while representing the law. As representatives of the law their position is of an impersonal character.

They I News Is Colorless. I mark, "there are many handicrafts and subjective effects such as dizziness, lo- e(Jucation of the A NEW DAY IX PITTSBURGH. arts which cause those who exercise quacity, leenng oi eiauon, i employer, the employe and the public at large. For a certain class, we must I have legislation and legislation to these work ill. The total output in 1898 was J10.000.000, from which figure it Jumped $6,000,000 annually until 1900, when the production reached the highest point.

From this point a steady decline began until in 1908 when it was $2,820,131. at which time hydraulicking and dredging began and the total output rose slowly until Jt was $6,018,411. in 1913. It has been estimated that only about $20,000,000 worth of gold remains to be produced, out- of the original available amount of nearly $180,000,000. At the height of the boom in the winter of 1899 the population of Dawson is said to have reached recently, however, it has dwindled down to less than 2,000 people.

The various processes of recovering gold in this region fall under three main heads; individuals, by washing surface gravels with shovel and pan. or by sluicing with flume and sluice box; small parties, by working drift with mechanical scrapers and sluices, or drift mining in shafts and sluicing; and capitalists, by dredging with powerful mechanical plants, hydraulic sluicing with monitor, or mining and stamping ore in mills. The first class includes "poor men's dig them certain pains and plagues." Plato But this is an erroneous idea. Let us considered philosophy unfit for those I apply the same argument to alcohol. bodies are not only deformed by cause the usual symptoms experienced their arts and handicrafts, but whose after drinking a certain amount of alco-souls are also in like manner confused hoi are not experienced by the old toPer and crushed by their life of labor." in such degree as by one unaccustomed nor energy to control.

Skagway is not, I and can never be, of much use to the United States, except as an obstruction to Canadian Progress, but might be of some advantage to the vast Canadian hinterland, less than 20 miles inland." In 1700 an Italian physician (Ramazzini) to its use. this is no sign that the body are not supposed to act in a personal i miblished a treatise entitled "De Morbis has become immune to its effects, ine body has simply become "tolerant." is in reality education. Legislation in nature should be restrictive, carefully Prepared after thorough consideration of the problems to be met. be conservative, be flexible in character so as to meet many problems, often new which arise, and be practically as well as theoretically sound. There must also be co-operation between all concerned.

The subject presents both a business and a humanitarian aspect. Manufacturers should make prac sense toward either friend or foe. i Artiflcium Diatriba," in which he lays With the district attorney vigorously prosecuting election frauds, with council inquiring into charges of political coercion in the city service and with public sentiment united in a determined manner behind both movements, it may be said that the forces of civic righteousness which have been tattling for years against corruption in politics and pledge-breaking by officers have seen a new order firmly established in the community. Pittsburgh is one of the cleanest cities in the country and Allegheny county throughout They have no "favors" to award to greai Slless on ine tion to disease. The Reserve Powers.

Toleration lasts only so long as their friends in private life nor the Skagway is surrounded on three sides by a plateau of steep and rugged mountains through which two trails lead to the north over the White Horse and the Chilcoct passes, up whose wild and difficult ravines thousands of fortune seekers trekked and struggled with their heavy packs, toola, and tents in the mad rush to the expected El Dorado, more than 500 miles away. Soon after the gold was found in quantities, a mountain railroad reserve powers, with which all vital tissue is endowed, can rally and meet the un Man a Hunter. Man, genus homo, was originally a it. Moreover, the tical efforts to preserve the health of hunter, a herdsman, a farmer. The work usual demand upon i i uvijittui.

i authoijty for persecuting personal enemies. As a citizen, of course, a policeman has the right to express his opinion and act in accord with it in all legitimate matters. But the line between iu ee.ss.iry for self-maintenance did not only health hazard ror wnicn pnysoiogicdi i tneir employes, ior no otner reason involve the type of physical exertion nor tolerance is developed is fatigue, and even than to obtain by habits of is noted for its churches and the "old- this has certain well defined limitations. living and working workers should avoid This fact is illustrated in the case of a the health hazards so far as practicable; the mental and nervous activity now required for this Purpose. Work was per sf ashioned piety" of its people as well his rights and power as a private citi- ball player who soon becomes used to formed under favorable physical condi- as for its marvelous industries, lne zen and hia duty and power as a experts in hygiene should discover the hazards and devise means for prevention or relief; physicians and social workers should co-operate in obtaining much tions.

such as an abundance of natural the muscular effort required in throwing light and a full supply of uncontaminated a ball, and after a few days is no longer air. Even today fanners are among the inconvenienced oy tne muscuiar soreness. stiffness and various aches experienced needed data on which to base judgment. public officer must be clearly drawn and observed. He is using the power of his public position in every instance where he obtains some action on the part of others that he could not secure through his influence as a longest l'yed.

The change in the character of man's labor, the amount required and the conditions under which it is performed took place when man began to produce for others. Industrial production has passed. was built up the WTiite pass from Skagway to the summit and on to Lake Bennett, a distance of 40 miles, traversing a wild and ice-worn plateau of gigantic proportions. strewn with moraines, sprinkled over with lakes, and enclosed by snowy peaks 6,000 to 6,000 feet in htight. At the head of Lake Bennett lies the deserted town of Bennett, where, at the time of the gold rush, there were lodged some 5,000 people in houses, huts, and tents, but the only building now standing, besides the railroad station.

Is a wooden Presbyterian church which shows that at least a few righteous men were among that sordid crowd. It was here that the f.rst prospectors and miners got during the first few days of the spring Practice. Should the muscular effort, however, be carried to an extent which can not be met by the reserve powers of the tissues some pathological condition will be roughly speaking, through three stages: and a subsequent rational policy of prevention. Appreciation of Consequences. Industrial insurance comes as the next step.

The time has passed when the status of any man may not be adversely affected by the misery of an unrelated social unit. One of the most striking aspects of man's social evolution is the gradual growth of appreciation of the consequence to, and inter-dependence gings, ana the second requires more financial resources and mechanical ability, but a successful man In the first mav become a member of the second class. WTiile the first two classes require falrlv rich ground, only men with, exceptional ability and ample capital can reach the third class and work the low-grade placer gravels or quartx veins successfully. The author describes in detail the several methods of extracting gold from the frozen Klondike field, based upon hia personal observations, and shows how man has changed the topography of this district, especially in the valleys; first the drift miners turned the gravel upside down, then the dredgers plowed it all over again and threw it into great ridges of stone with mud banks between, and finally, where there were white gravels on the high ground, the hydraulic "giants" washed them down into great fan-ehaPed cones, sometimes reaching across the entire valley, completely burying all below, damming up gullies and producing new lakes. All of which operations have made tough problems for the Domestic production, handicraft or guild brought about.

This adaptation is caused production, and the factory system. by physiological regulation such as in-In the first, the working and living creased flow of body fluids, bettor nerve environment of man was the same his and muscular control, and similar regu- into boats and canoes, and navigated upon each other of, the individual mem- 1 theIr frail craft through lakes and rapids bers of society. The conditions existing tVlft m.inine 531 miles of their ven- lition. Since this is a physiological adaptation, it is and what was a health hazard by a natural adaptation remains so no longer. Such an adaptation does not take place in other health hazards, as for instance, with the inhalla-tion of dust.

In a word, man has robbed the body of many of its normal functions and has home was his workshop. In guild production much of the work was carried on 'n cloisters, monasteries, and rooms of a dwelling set apart for that purpose. Though the regulations of the guilds were exacting, their members worked as long C3 they wished, chose their occupations, and to some degree regulated the conditions under which they worked. WTlth battles waging are to keep Pittsburgh and Allegheny county from falling from the standard of their people; they are to make their government representative of them. In other words, a people noted for their independence and decency will not tolerate anything in their public service contrary to their ideals.

The investigations now under way have passed "beyond the stage where any factional or political interest would dare attempt to halt them. The fidelity of the officers in charge is guaranteed by the great body of determined citizens behind them. It is with the people of Pittsburgh and Allegheny county, speaking and acting through their representatives, that the lorces of political corruption have now to contend. It is being demonstrated that the duty of citizenship does not end with going to the polls and taking part in the selection of officers. Good citizens must see to it that none of the officers selected fails to redeem his pledges.

(They must give their officers their moral support when they are discharging their duty, but must be as quick to recall them, or get rid of them, when they show signs of stray turesome journey to Dawson City. The last stretch of the railroad from Skagway runs along Lake Bennett to White Horse, a few miles above Lake Lebarge, where safe navigation down the Lewes river to Dawson begins. Although the great ice fields of the early ages swept the greater portion of placed new, burdens upon it; he is work the advent of the factory system man left these surroundings and entered the ing in a manner and amid surroundings private citizen. It is idle for a police officer to say that he is acting as a private citizen when he summons officers of clubs, over which his position gives him power, and indicates to them the way he wishes they would vote. The shallowness of this will "be seen by reflecting on how many of these men would have responded to his summons if he had not been in the police service.

Practically all might have ignored his request. But no fine reasoning is required. Many of them, summoned as witnesses in the case now under investigation, said they had practically no acquaintance w-ith the officer-They knew him only as one who had the authority to close their establlsn-ments on occasion and thoy responded to his notice to call at his headquarters only as to the command of an officer. Their calling also indicated fear on their part that he could find occasion for closing their places. The chartered club that keeps within the domain of another.

He no longer used for which he was not ouginauj ctuk tuted; and the attempt to adapt himself his own tools, regulated his hours of in our modern complex civilization are increasingly emphasizing man's dependence upon his fellow. Now the efficiency of the individual depends more upon his physical status than upon any other one factor. As the mass of the population are the wage earners, estimated at over 34.000,000 in the United States the condtions which affect their health call for prompt and careful attention. It is now time that we recognize, as eventually we must, that disease is not the Inevitable lot of a certain race, nor the inherited lot of certain groups; but that it is largely due to, or prodisposed to by, the conditions surrounding the individual. It follows that we must not confine future geologist The vast territory of the Yuko district is imperfectly explored, and although it is far north, the climate in summer Is warm and favorable for agriculture and grazing.

Exploration is now readily effected from Dawson, and Mr. Cadell hopes that fresh enterprise will reveal new resources that will lead to the permanent settlement of this remote and almost uninhabited outpost. North America they missed the region of the Klondike, and consequently the gold producing deposits remained intact until the early prospectors discovered them. The Yukon goldfleld is confined mainly to the vicinity of Dawson City, although small quantities of gold can be found in the sand of the Yukon for hundreds of miles up the valley. Dawson City is situated on the alluvial to these conditions often results in instant death, more or loss prolonged invalidism, or incapacity for further work, or at least may lay the foundation for other diseases which cut fhort his working period and in the end carry htm away.

Demands Attention. It is obvious that such a sickness and duty, or chose the character of his labor, nor did he have a voice in the control of conditions surrounding him while at work. This state of affairs remains but slightly changed at the present day. The man of means can choose the place and character of his occupation and regulate his hours, insofar as these may affect his health. He can obtain plenty of sunshine and air, and afford to take time for recreation.

The wage-earner, on the ether hand, must accept things as he finds them. Unfortunately, they very often are injurious to his health. Change in Condition. This change in condition was particu our activities solely to the cure of the death rate among wage earners as that disease; but must, by the expenditure lePorted by the congress on industrial ef money and by ceaseless work in in- SPIRIT OF THANKSGIVING chseascs, if accurate, demands Immediate 1 vestigatlon, education, legislation and co-attention; for, from a business point of operation, cut down the morbidity and view alone, if we dare overlook the hu- mortality rate among human beings, irxanitarian aspect of almost 14,000,000 vvhen we awaken to the fact that con orvrr ay 8. AD KINS THE lOltMNfWH caves of preventable sickness, the loss anions which predispose to.

or directly cf over is a drain upon society cause. disease must not exist, because law in every respect is not subject to political orders. The public would rather not hear of any "friendly" relationship between the police and the other kind. The power 6f the policeman is for use only for the public. It gives him no authority to grant "favors" or to demand them.

which the public can not afford to ignore. All this sickntss is, of course, not due larly noticeable in the early part of the they are not humane nor decent, because they only too rapidly turn out helpless nineteenth century, when there was a gradual substitution of steam for water to the character of the labor or the in- derelicts who are a misery to themselves ing from it. The good citizens of Pittsburgh and Allegheny county, to prevent their government from declining, have thrown their force Into these movements to rid the polls of ballot despoil ers and free the municipal service from politics. The people who have seen hundreds of thousands of dollars collected from them go into efforts to improve the municipal service will not permit that outlay to be turned into a waste through "politics." The great community that has been a leader in preparing the immigrant for American With this revolution many of the ausulal as a. ana a DUrden upon society, and Decaue, power.

modern health hazards appeared, and i 01 lact' 18 ex-pmel- finicuit. Mln those commercial days, society can their number and seriousness have in- i impossible, definitely to separate those not aftord ltthen we shall have gone By DR. CHARLES H. PARKHTJRST. THE annual Thanksgiving proclamation was a difficult thing for the President to write under existing conditions, but with whatever eyes it is read there will be few that will fall to recognize the generous spirit that animates it and the broad lines upon which it is composed.

Christians, Jews and even Mohammedans will regard with satisfaction the distinct recognition which it makes of God as the dispenser of national blessings, for. although the name of God was perhaps wisely omitted from our nation's constitution, yet there is generally acknowledged His existence as a living presence and a working energy in the shaping of national events and the conferment of national prosperity. There is exuberance in the proclama creased rapidly with the evolution of Belecls uuc lu ui far toward me elimination 01 numan sor and its environment from those due to row and suffering. AFTER THE TOUTS. new machinery, new processes and prod the conditions surrounding the individual ucts of manufacture, and the use of new materials.

W'ith the invention and introduction of new machinerv in the industries, a great A Good Worker. The camel is a useful beast, Keeps on the go. He highly thought of in the East, As you may know. And why do people think he is Wrorth lots of pelf? Because the critter sticks to biz And humps himself. A Question.

"Dat spaniel of yours must be some scrapper." "Oh. 110. Spaniels do not fight "Den how did he git his face pushed His Position. "I don't know which sort of doctor is worse." "What do you mean?" The Post is glad to find that its cry against the newspaper touts for bucket shops and similar concerns has at home or in his habits during the hours of recreation. In many instances, the cause of disability can be traced with a good deal of accuracy, as in the case of industrial RDBY BECOMING MORE deal of manual labor has been elinimi- citizenship will not allow the effect of I 1 Al I il i nated.

With this substitution, however, 1 phosphorus poisoning; but in such con has come the requirements of fixed men its work to be set aside by unscrupu- Deen taKen UP tne newiy-orgamzea lous politicians stuffing ballot boxes I retaiI merchants' association of Pitts-cr atternDtine- to coerce voters. Th I bur2h- After an arraignment of tal attention, muscular monotony, and ditions as tuberculosis of the lungs the lowered vitality which precedes contract- misleading and fraudulent advertis which is of 'a different type, of greater this disease may be due to the con 1 ditions under which the individual works. duration, and perhaps Is more harmful than that resulting from hard, manual such as are found in dusty occupations, or to unhygienic home conditions, or to moral delinquencies, or perhaps to a com RUBIES, among the most exqrlsite gems produced by nature, are becoming rarer and more valuable with each succeeding year. There are rubies and rubies and more rubies produced every year, but the perfect gem is hard to find and one of superior quality may bring 10 or 20 times the price of a diamond of the same size. However, it is one of the easiest of precious stones to Imitate very closely in color, so it is unlikely that the beauty of the coloring will ever be lost.

labor. This is evidenced by the characteristic clinical pictures frequently observed among telegraphers, telephone operators, garment machine operatives, locomotive engineers, and button and other small commodity manufacturing machine operatives. tion's expression of gratitude, for we are living today in a world that is exceptionally burdened with sorrow and suffering and, by our Inevitable fellowship with those who are in pain, a chastened complexion is put upon the pleasure of those who are in quietness and comfort-All of this is feelingly wrought Into the President's paper. The appeal which it makes to the people of the country would have been deficient if it had failed to recognize the effect that these troublous times have had in quickening our national struggle is on, and the eyes of the people are on their officers as never before. They are watching their every move, hoping only for occasion to applaud, but with no patience for any attempt to side-step duty.

It i3 to no small, inner circle that an accounting must now be rendered, but to a community vt more than a million people. It is to the people -who pay the bills that answer must be made. bination of all of these causes. In considering this aspect of the subject, we find ourselves confronted, as in all other public health matters, with problems of a sociologlc or economic nature. ing," a member of one of the leading mercantile firms of the city referred to the recent failure of a concern here as an illustration of the results of "this pernicious practice." Another result of the practice is the encouragement given to "fly-by-night" dealers to come here to take patronage away from the reputable establishments that have spent years and great sums of money in building up their trade; that are here all the time and helping to bear the tax and other burdens of the public.

The breathing of impure air or fumes, 1 THEY KNOW HOW TO GET PEACE. Living Conditions. We all know that the living conditions of many wage earners tre bad. This may be due to defective economic conditions, to ignorance, to carelessness, or, in some degree, to all of these. At the first emergency, such as temporary loss of employment, many families reach-the verge of destitution, and are surrounded and especially dust-laden air, has forced the lungs to meet conditions for which they are not designed.

Besides various affections of the sKin. eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system directly used by such conditions, the ground is made fertile for the causative organism of a disease of far greater seriousness tuberculosis of the lungs. While thinking about other countriea with unusual seriousness we have also come to a livelier realization of our own. Our exposure to any possible enemy, even if an imaginary one. has effected a livelier patriotic sense.

That we might under A peace worker in this country The Post affects no pride because The color of the genuine article varies because the term ruby is applied to two distinct minerals. Like hordes of othr precious stones they are found mainly in the Orient, the most beautiful specimens being obtained in Ceylon, India, China and Burma. The largest of the Burmese mines were opened in 1900 under a London company and these supply about one-half the world's output. In some Indian states exportation of rubles are forbidden, until they have been inspected by the sovereign heads of the states, who 1 There are at least 70 different occupa- i by the Insanitary conditions that accom- xrom Lurope saya: Everywhere in of its turning away this class of ad-Germany. France and England I have 1 vertising to the amount of many thou- tions In the United States in which the 1 pany it.

Even those families better found the people longing for peace sands of dollars every year. As a clean newspaper and as one having the interests of its readers and the community at heart, it could have guarded against poverty are as a rule quite indefinitely informed concerning the principles of preventive medicine and hygiene. Common observation is sufficient to convince us that ignorance and negligence are great sources of disease. This aspect of the subject, though intimately workers are exposed to a dusty atmosphere. The substitution of artificial illumination for sunlight, coupled with an increased demand on the eyes and exposure to intense or harmful industrial lights, has placed a burden uPon those delicate retain the most beautiful specimens.

The gems thus inspected are from the Pegu or Peygu mines, possibly the oldest workings for rubies, which ars now practically ex done nothing else. The reputable busi any circumstances be divested of anything which we held measurably dear has rendered it doubly and inimitably dear. Out of this proceeds the more or less passionate effort to make sure of our national possessions and advantages. Nothing makes so precious to us a cherished object as even a remote prospect of being divested of it. In connection with this the President calls attention to the way in which events abroad have "deepened and confirmed our confidence in the principles of peace and freedom." Realities are made real to us "oy the force of contrast.

Fifty years ago we learned what civil ar means, ar.d there will be no more the ness men of the city have a right to functioning parts that has resulted in a associated with that under discussion is. protest against the newspapers that number of characteristic affections, such solicit advertising from them and then turn tout in the same issue in which "I mean when I feel bad. The Pessimistic doctor scares me and the breezy optimist irritates me." The Very Idea. "Now what do you think?" "What's the trouble now?" "A perfect stranger is using the indi of course, too extensive to be considered here. The vast majority of the health hazards surrounding men at work can be eliminated.

The danger of all can be greatly reduced. Others may be consid- it appears for some disreputable The armies, too, want peace. The heads of the governments are eager to bring about peace, but all are helpless because they know only their own feelings." The inference is that all that Is necessary to bring about peace is for some neutral nation to suggest it, and the United States is looked to to take the initiative. Now if the conditions are as represented by this visitor the suggestion would appear to be in order, but as each' of the nations involved still has open to it the offer of his good offices toward peace made by President Wilson before the war and understands that this country is ready to act at the slightest encouragement, we can afford to go hausted. As with other precious stones, the ruby is accompanied by a wealth of legend.

The Burmese have it that in the first century, A. a serpent laid three eggs, out of the first which was born Pyusaw-ti, king of Pagan, the second Producing the emperor of Chinca and the third bringing fcrth the Burmese ruby mines. is said the Hindus test rubies with the tip of their tongues, the coldest (densest) being the best. It is then held to the light as cataract, conjunctivities of different kinds, lessened activity of vision, etc. Abnirmal Conditions.

Subjection of the body to the temperatures and humidities now found in many industrial establishments have disturbed the physiological equilibrum in such manner that various abnormal conditions are 1 ercd a legitimate (compulsory) hazard in No, indeed; touts are not all confined to the race tracks a certain industry, as, for example, heat in the steel industry. As long as man makes finished steel products from iron ore he will be subjected to high temPera- brought about, and tend to produce pre- ture finnie ocri'Tiations will alwavs in- mature old age. This is noticeable in i VOle I irtV LU jtict fx 1 Lam J'-t- such industries as glass, steel, hat manu- n- 1 1 tions involve risn. to life. iaciunng, una sugar reunuis.

oik. in an atmospheric pressure for which man was not constituted has resulted also in a very characteristic condition called caisson disease. vidual letter-box I had placed in front of our house." Recompense. The life he leads is rather punk, An outcast, as it were. But later on the lowly skunk Ranks pretty high as fur.

Suits Some. "Truth lives at the bottom of a well." isn't that considerate? Out of evervbody's way entirely." No Doubt. The horse is still a noble animal, but we suppose the children of the present address their compositions to the Elimination of Danger. The elimination of the danger to the health surrounding work is, of course. same for many generations.

ieiv months of those brutalities and that carnage naturally incident to war have given us such an understanding of the import of peace as we should never have acquired by a century of uninterrupted relations of the most pacific and friendly character with every nation of the globe. That is the way In which lessons have to be learned, and one occasion which we shall have for our expressions of gratitude on the 25th of November will he our renewed devotion to the very principles the disregard of which has already involved entire Europe in unspeakable misery. Low Figures for Cotton. Cotton sold below 5 cents a Pound in 1888 and below 7 cent In A Snail's Pace Measured. "At a snail's pace" is a common expression and usually signifies a very slow-speed.

But what do you suppose is the actual pace made by a snail in traveling? It can be given in accurate figures. One foot in four minutes, or at the rate of one mile in 16 days, if traveling continuously. There are figures given by George Zah-niier. a civil engineer, taken from actual observation. A short time since Mr.

Zahniaer was waiting for a train at a country station. He had nothing in particular to do. and "killed a little time" by timing a snail which was creeping along the ground. That snail traveled Just exactly one foot in four minutes. Mr.

Zahnizer has figured out that it would require IS days for that snail to movt a mile. Kansas City Star. slowly in accepting such descriptions for the discovery of flaws. Mythology is full of tales of large rubies and the ruby seems to ever have been connected with something mystical or supernatural. Writing in 829 A.

Abd-er-Rhaman, Arab historian, states that Al Mamoun, (813-33) son of Haroun-al-Ras-chid. entered the great pyramid and iound the body of Cheop3, giving a description, in which it is stated: "On the breast was a priceless sword, on the head a ruby as large as a hen's egg." The Mohammedan Atlas, appointed by Allah to bear the earth on his shoulders, was given a rock of ruby to stand upon. as the above. A few months ago tne matter or restoring peace was discussed Informally thrournout the world. The newspapers in Europe With the acquisition of certain habits too great an undertaking to be left to of living by man, furthermore, a demand individual action: nor should it be, for fcr new commodities has sprung up, those it is of importance to all.

engaged in the manufacture of which are In 1S10 the French government legls-exposed to bodily poisons. Such exposure lated regarding conditions which were takes place in more than 3:0 industrial supposed adversely to affect the health processes, as for example in the manu- of workers. Five years later the British facture of dyes, chemicals and drugs, ex- parliament instituted a commission to in- as well as in other lands carried the stories. But always the belliger-eat either have denied any interest plosives and paints. In so less than 150 Quire into the working conditions of those.