The Nonpartisan Leader from Fargo, North Dakota • 9

I POLICEWOMAN, in the I ZK I Northwest particularly, is more or less a novelty. Her IfljMfljRI duties are numerous and varied, although having the same powers as a policeman. Her work is very much more along preventive rather than punitive lines, so she looks after the welfare of dependent, delinquent or incorrigible children, minors of either sex and all who may contribute to the dependency or delinquency of children or young people. As truant officer, she looks after children unnecessarily absent from school and investigates cases of truancy through the home, school or other sources. An excellent method she uses in cases of truancy, pilfering and other minor misdemeanors is the report system by which the young transgressors report to her weekly, semi-weekly or semi-monthly, as the case may be, and have talks about city ordinances, government and anything which may help them to better understand obedience to the law.

They are given studies along these lines and in their reports and talks they must show her that some studying has really been done. In all of her work as truant officer, teachers and many others have been of inestimable service in co-operating with her in her efforts to do something actually while for these boys. The policewoman has the care and custody of female prisoners when there are such and accompanies them to court for trial or hearing she can also place female prisoners elsewhere than in the city jail if she sees fit. Above all other things, her one great endeavor is to avoid all- possible publicity for unfortunate women, unless they themselves so desire. They are given the full benefit of the law and protected as much as any one can be.

One of the many things which take up the time of the policewoman is meeting trains to see if young girls loiter around the station, or have any real business there notes if any suspicious characters are loitering about and if gangs of small boys are tolerated around the station. Young girls who appear to be alone come particularly 1 her notice and in all cases she endeavors to escort them to lodging places, and if looking for work, if possible helps them secure a position of some kind. CASE OF GIRL WHO DRIFTED TO THE CITY A little girl upstate came to the city supposedly looking for work, but too utterly incompetent to hold a position of any kind, she drifted about for a while and finally fell into the hands of the policewoman. "When found the child had but a dime and had had neither dinner nor supper. The policewoman took her to her own rooms, gave her a midnight supper and kept her, taking personal care of her until her people could come after her.

In this particular case, no charge was preferred against the girl, who is simply one of the many adding to the flotsam and jetsam of humanity, because those responsible have, not fitted them to take their places in'the world. The crying need is to help these young people make themselves competent enough to hold a position to give them needful training to properly fit them for their chosen vocation. Society pays dearly for its supreme indifference to the welfare of our unsophisticated young people. More than half the cases that come to the policewoman get to her because the public is too indifferent to be practical with these people and they drift about until they are nearly penniless and something has to be done quickly. The curfew ordinance gives the policewoman work which is peculiarly fitting, as children do not fear her as much as the average policeman.

In carrying out that part of her work, she lists names of children found on the streets after the forbidden hours takes them home if necessary and notifies parents whose children habitually violate the ordinance. Also she visits the homes of such children to note environment. Observation has proven that too many parents make the great mistake of making children hate and fear an officer of the law when really the opposite is true, for the police officer is your friend. Few officers of today take pride in "the number of arrests they can make, but rather in how much they can protect and help especially the first offenders. Preventive measures are important and mean much along all lines of endeavor.

Could Farm Woman's Page young people be properly fitted to face life's battles, many laws on the statutes soon would become void, because they would be useless. GOOD WORK DONE FOR COUNTRY GIRLS Two country girls from a small town were picked up in a raid on a rooming house. While the evidence was wholly against them, the policewoman was convinced of their innocence of any evil intent, and no charge was made against them. Instead of being jailed or sent to a detention house, she took them home with her. Their utter ignorance The Work of the Policewoman V' A of society, so home-making relates to the life and health of the family.

Our home-makers surely need to know some of the fundamental principles of as that matter can not be created or destroyed, but only transformed that pure substances are al-' ways of exactly the same composition, whatever their origin that substances unite chemically only in certain definite proportions. For instance, in making sour-milk biscuits, if more soda is added to the sour milk than the acid present will unite with, then the soda is left in the biscuits. The home-maker needs to realize that with the same materials, under exactly the same conditions, results are identical, so the success in cooking depends on the art of the cook. Bacteriology is particularly important to the home-maker for it is the fundamental science in sanitation. These tiny forms affect our food and all other possessions, but the greatest importance is in understanding and combatting disease.

Home-makers need to know that disease germs are specialists in their work that they do not develop spontaneously, but every case of infectious or contagious disease comes from some previous case near or remote and is the result of some one's criminal carelessness or ignorance. Germs may live under various conditions, but cleanliness and sunshine kill them all. VENTILATION ONE OF BIG PROBLEMS Household sanitation includes the study of environment of the house, good ventilation, heating, lighting, proper disposal of all wastes, water supply, etc. Ventilation is apparently the most neglected part. Too many houses, especially during the winter, are not properly ventilated.

Foods and food values are perhaps the most important physical problems, but however good the raw materials, they can be made healthful only through the art of the cook. The question of diet comes in with food values and many questions yet remain to be settled by science. Some one has said that health is the business of the individual, not the physician. We may well wonder when it will be considered disgraceful to be ill, for nearly all illness is the penalty for disregarding nature's laws through ignorance, carelessness or intemperance of some kind. Next to food and shelter, clothing of the avowed intention of the men, who admitted their guilt in getting the girls there, the presence of this was evidence against them, yet in spite of all they were rescued just in time.

The matter was taken up with the chief of police and even though the girls were not minors, the case was dismissed. They were sent home ani grateful letters from each of them attest the value of the policewoman. Home-Making HEN we begin to study the profession of home-making, we are immediately impressed with the immensity of the field. The home is the unit These are a few of the many instances by which the policewoman has been of inestimable service to the public and in helping the boys and girls save themselves. In Fargo the A senior class of the Agricultural college at Fargo, in dietetics.

Miss North, the instructor, is standing next to the left side of the table. comes as a third necessity and calls for the study of textiles and the making of clothing. NINE The efficiency of the home-maker is what she chooses to make it, for homemaking is a natural monopoly and will always be so. No profession compares with that of home-making in the possibilities for improvement of the physical, mental, moral The millennium awaits only the perfect home. Home-makers, do not be satisfied with lectures on cookery, but study the profession of home-making from the stand point of your own home.

Take it up as thoroughly as you have history, etc. You will find it an interesting, profitable study of broadening cultural value. Patent Medicines Much information has been given the public regarding patent medicines that have been proven worthless. The "Viava remedies have been found to be no exception to tne rule, according to Food Commissioner Ladd of North Dakota. Testing shows that Viava capsules contain- hydrastis (Golden Seal) and cocoa butter.

The preparation has been condemned by the American Medical association in their work on "Nostrums and Quackery." Viava does not advertise in the newspapers, but reaches the people through "The Health Book for Mothers and Daughters," also a large volume entitled "Viava Hygiene," and last but not least a very expensive lecture bureau. While classic as to English, these agencies are as bold and sweeping in their claims as the most vulgar "cure-all" on the market. Simplicity is the keynote of this miracle working discovery. The $62.50 top called "Double Strength Viava Capsules and Cerate." The capsule is for internal secretion, and the cerate is to give vigor to the back and abdomen, the idea being that the system will absorb the "great Viava" and give strength and vitality to the diseased parts. "The Viava business" says a recent Ladd bulletin, "was started about 20 years ago-by two brothers named Law.

Today they are among the wealthiest nien in San Francisco, owning the Fairmont hotel among other properties and playing an important part in the financial system of the city. One of the brothers is a high official of the Young Men's Christian association, giving generously to that worthy institution of the money wrung from the sale of hydrastis and cocoa butter to sick and suffering women." Edited by Mrs. Alberta B. Toner woman is also a juvenile court officer, being appointed by the judge of the district court. In this capacity she looks after all cases of dependent, delinquent or neglected children until further investigation.

Anything and everything and "lots of it" come into each day's work. Could you but peep-into her office, hear the numerous phone calls, see the frequent callers, you could better understand how busy she is. A lost child is taken home with her to be fed and eared for a wayward child is kindly admonished to be careful a case of some juvenile offender is settled out of court while a more ag- gravkted one is presented to the juvenile commissioner. Each and every case-requires visits of investigation, consultation with complainants, parents, teachers or officers as the case may be. All these things necessitate a vast and varied experience and the faculty of snapshot judgment very frequently.

Occasionally the policewoman addresses some body of women who are interested in her work. This should be encouraged because it brings her in closer touch with the public and results largely in better co-operation. In conclusion she refrains so far as possible from duplicating the work of any other organization, religious or philanthropic. This line of work is separate and distinct in a class of its own. Churches and philanthropic organizations have worked in perfect harmony with the policewoman, thereby securing better and quicker results for all concerned.

REPORT INDICATES SCOPE OF WORK Miss A. E. Duffy, the policewoman of Fargo, in her report for January has made 175 calls for consultation or investigation those in office for consultation or to report on cases, 362 personal interviews connected solely with official work, 754 present at hearings or trials of women, girls or young boys, 25 cases presented before juvenile commissioner, 10 juvenile cases settled out of court, 15 juvenile cases on record for month, 44. There are a few other minor items, but in looking carefully over this report, you can get a comprehensive idea of the great amount of goodaa policewoman does to help the young people help themselves also what an important factor she is for the public weal. The one great fact Miss Duffy want? to impress upon the people is the l-esponsibility jof the home.

She says: "When the sacredness of the home is better kept when boys and girls understand its sacredness and authority and not until then, will we have better better homes mean better citizens. When parents realize their responsibility to their children to the extent that they are prepared to make an honest living, then many of the tasks of today will vanish. I would like to impress upon the parents and society in general that prevention is better than a cure. Not only give the children an opportunity, but also see, to it that they embrace the opportunity. Any community is responsible for its delinquents and pays a big price for its indifference to their welfare.

I advocate the permanent segregation of the unfit vocational training and guidance of youth and regulated instead of commercialized amusements.".