Arizona Republic from Phoenix, Arizona • Page 73

Amidst slums and pollution, plans for Brasilia still dreams BULLDOG United Press International BRASILIA, Brazil This capital city its 13th anniversary this weekend with its future uncertain and the dreams of its builders unfulfilled. Although it has consolidated its position as the national 'political capital, and as a springboard for development of the interior, Brasilia is still a far cry from the "dream its planners conceived iinl967, Itjfpopulation is growing by 'uncontrollable proportions, 14 per cent a year. Hoosiijg is in short supply. 'The central city, known as 'jplano piloto" (pilot is surrounded by bur- (shanties) and fayelas most of them hidden from the eyes of visitors they are miles from the of town. THE CITY was designed the age of the automobile.

It was thought traffic lights were not necessary, because of modern highway patterns. Now the federal district government has decided only lights can control the twiceadaily traffic jams. laiclo Costa, the urban de- sigBer who mapped out the basic city plan, hoped that Service workers in Brasilia live in the same neighborhoods, the "superblocks," as cabinet mi i and high-ranking diplomats and bureaucrats. The superblocks, however, jnow belong to the middle and PflPS class. The poor lower-middle class have settleda in the "satellite slums where 457,000 of population of persons live.

MINISTERS, generals and prefer to live in individual homes across a Jake from the "piano piloto." the southern residential wing of the inner city has been built. The northern Wing, filled with temporary jshacks and overgrown with weeds in some areas, is still Wider construction. the city is only 13 iMftS'tf 0 1 wban renewal has alfewiy 1 become a necessity. iSSrgOfwrnment housing agency hai fffilt 13,168 homes for 80,000 low-income government $nd service workers, and an- units are on the Jirawing boards. will not find a worker "flying in the piano piloto," the of the Brasilia planning agency, a Jose de Macedo, said.

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WHAT WENT WRONG with making Brasilia an urban utopia? Designer Costa, in Rio de Janeiro, had a ready answer. "This is Brazil, not a civilized European country but a country in development," he said. "'Things are done differently here. You have to accept the country for what it is. "Of course half the people in Brasilia live in favelas (slums).

Half the people in Brazil live inafavela. Brasilia was not designed to solve the problems of Brazil. It was bound to reflect them," Costa said his original idea was for one third of the construction workers hired to build Brasilia to be employed in government run "model farms" around the city. Another third would be housed in the superblocks, while the final third would return home. INSTEAD, the construction and service workers have stayed and more keep coming as the building boom continues.

They found homes in the satellite cities and the slums, because they could not afford the better dwellings. "They were barred from the superblocks when President Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-61) decided to make them self financing," Costa said. "The model farms were never attempted." The governor of the federal district, Col. Helio Prates da Silveira, said Costa's ideas of mixing the rich and the poor in the same neighborhoods was "Utopian." "WHAT COUNTS is money," he said. "If you can't meet the rent, you have to move to a cheaper place." In an effort to keep up the city's appearances, Gov.

Silveira ordered 82,000 slum dwellers, with their shanties and belongings, removed to a zone several miles out of town where they would no longer be an eyesore, although the families would live in much the same conditions. "Their barracos (shanties) were polluting the lake so much that it was 660 times more polluted than the tolerance level of human consumption," the governor said. He said the massive relocation to the district, called "Ceilandia," a 40-minute bus Tempe-1116 S. McClintock 966-1588 Scottidale, 7116 E. Oa St.

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CooSidge (near 7th Ave. ft Camelbick) ride from the piano piloto, was a "complete success. It was accomplished without one instance of violence." BUT FOR THE people who have to live in Ceilandia, life is as miserable as in any slum in Brazil. Heraldo Sma- to Machado, a 26 year old bus driver with two children, said it was just as rugged in Ceilandia as it was in his poor home town of Patrocinio, Minas Gerais State. "Brasilia is an illusion," he said.

"People came here for public jobs, but they found the wages low and they have to live in barracos. Water costs one cruzeiro (16 cents) a liter, but we do not know if it is good. We drink it anyway. "The crime in Ceilandia is unbelievable. Every night there is another shooting.

You cannot go on the street safely without a machinegun in your hand." Why doesn't he go back to Minas Gerais? "THAT WOULD cost money I do not have," Machado replied. "I have applied for a public housing unit. I make 700 cruzeiros ($116) a month, which is more than most in Ceilandia, by driving a bus 12 hours a day." According to superintendent Jose de Macedo, the slum dweller, such as bus driver Machado, is better off in a shanty in Brasilia than he is in a slum in the backlands of Minas Gerais or the impoverished northeast, where most of the Brasilia workmen originate. "Let me be perfectly blunt," De Macedo said. "The a 1 a (slum dweller) knows he will starve, but he would rather starve in Brasilia than in the interior.

In the interior he had nothing. In Brasilia he at least has a chance at some medical attention and education for his kids." FOR THE moderately well- off, life in Brasilia also has its drawbacks. Good restaurants are few. The best hotel the National the hub of business and political life, has excellent service and comfortable rooms, but the stained carpets on every floor are a reminder to visitors that Brasilia is still a frontier city in many respects. Cultural and social life is scarce.

The "cultural sector" in the city's central mall consists now of only a vacant lot The one national theater, with a 500-seat capacity, occasionally stages road plays. What type of planning is being done for the future? IPWKWVNRtlNwHlNIIIIMMwIIIMIMHInHI Mobiles with a View baca grantik GOV. SILVEIRA says one idea is to promote light industry, to broaden the tax base and job opportunities. As a first step the federal district is building a huge artificial lake, Sao Bartolomeu, near the original artificial lake around which Brasilia was built "Water is a first step to bring industry," governor said. "Industry needs water.

We have created a sanitary zone around the new lake where no barracos (shanties) will be permitted That way Sao Bartolomeu will not become polluted like the first lake was." Planners, also hope the hew lake will attract tourists for boating and fishing, and electricity will be generated by channeling a stream of water from the new lake to the old one. And Lucio Costa has not given up hope on the town be created. "You must be an optimist," he said. "You must ber we built Brasilia in only three years. We feared if we did not move fast, the next administration would abandon Brasilia.

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