The Saint Paul Globe from Saint Paul, Minnesota • Page 6

6 TWO GOVERNORS The Outgoing Governor, A. R. McGill, Makes His Last Official Bow, While the Incoming One, W. R. Merriam, Renders Several Opinions.

Inauguration Day and the Simple Ceremonies of the Hour. Official Recommendations as to Railroads and Prison Labor. Seed Grain for Farmers Who Suffered From Early Frost. The State Finances and the Immediate Attention They Need. Gov.

McGill read his last message yesterday. Gov. Merriam was inaugurated and delivered his inaugural address, after which adjournment was taken until 10 o'clock this morning. IN AND OUT. It Is Mr.

McGill Now and Gov. Merriam. There is always connected with an inaugural (despite the simplicity of our republican ceremonies) a something of sadness and regret, as well as joy and merrymaking. The swelling cry of "Vive le roi!" is not so loud nor overwhelming that one cannot hear, pitched on a lower key and in a sadder tone, "Le roi est mort." The form of the new executive does not tower so high but what beyond it one may catch a glimpse of the retreating past executive, face turned from the balls of state to the walks of private life. The time for discussion of the shortcomings of Gov.

McGill passed away before noon yesterday, and the men and women who listened to his last message at that time must have felt that charity became an hour when a character who had walked in official life for eighteen years was saying a last "Goodbye." The proceedings of the inaugural were of decided Jeffersoniap simplicity a most complimentary tribute to the principles of Democracy. he senate came into the house at 10:30. led by Lieut. Gov. Rice and ex-Lieut.

Gov. Gilman; something of a novel sight and courtesy, since common rumor has had it that Mr. Gilman was banished from Republican ceremonies. Mr. Gilman did not walk gracefully, and his arm huug on that of the lieutenant governor with the awkwardness of a schoolgirl; but his head was up, and in bis manner a something which said stronger than words, "1 still On the speaker's stand together Lieut.

Gov. Rice and Col. Graves presented an appearance most striking to the eye. Types of the Norse viking and the American soldier, the gulf between them is not so wide as to conceal that they spring from the same parent stock. The speaker appointed Senator Ward, Representative H.

F. (Stevens, Representative McNelly a committee to call upon the outgoing and incoming governors and announce that the senate and house awaited their pleasure. "The governor and the governor-elect of Minnesot announced Speaker Graves; and the house and senate arose to their feet. The two officials had joined arms and walked together, followed by the railroad commission and state officials. As they passed the press stand Gov.

McGill smiled end bowed to the reporters, but Gov-elect Merriam kept bis eyes ahead and seemed only to desire to reach his seat in safety. Up the steps of the speaker's stand, to be greeted by Speaker Graves and President Rice. After this Gov. McGill was introduced, and commenced the reading of his message at once, the time occupied for this being just one hour. At 11:45, Chief Justice Gilfillan administered the customary oath of office to W.

R. Merriam, and he become governor in fact of Minnesota. And how did he take it Nervously as a boy in the presence of his best girl. He began reading his address with palpable trepidation. Indeed, for fully five minutes the new governor acted very much as if he wished that it were all over.

After that time everything went smooth, and by the close of his document, his new honors had fitted themselves- snugly to Gov. Merriam. He was only forty minutes in reading what proved to be an ordinary state document. Rumor has it, though, that originally Gov. Merriam had prepared a message that would have proved a decided sensation, It was replete with radical opinions, and in some measure touched on the late campaign.

When St was shown to his advisers they at once said that it would never do. They finally induced Mr. Merriam to substitute for it the more moderate and commonplace document which he read. ROUTINE REPORT. Bills Introduced.

By Senator M. Johnson, of Kandiyohi County, S. F. bill to authorize the county of Kandiyohi to issue bonds for the builuiug of a court bouse. Bills Passed.

By Senator M. Johnson. S. F. A bill to authorize the county of Kandiyohi to issue bonds for the building of a court house.

GOV. M'GILIj Makes His Last Official Speech and Bow. Gov. McGill's last address is of too extraordinary length for republication in a newspaper. Special recommendations made by him were: SPECIAL RAILROAD COURT.

Our courts are now almost constantly employed, and I doubt uot would much regret Fo bave the additional task assigned them of making rates for all the railroads in the state, with the necessary examination into and mastery of the complicated factors which into the question of the reasonableness at' rates under all possible and ever-changing jondilions. Besides, if every case of alleged error of judgment oi asserted abuse of discretion on the part of the commission can be taken to the courts as at present organized, there must result about as many rules rfor the control of their action as there are judicial districts in the state. Under such circumstances the labors of the wisest and most efficient commission would be largely counterbalanced by resulting litigation and uncertainty. What, then, is the remedy for the danger probably impending? In answer to this I would suggest that It may be found in the organization of a special court with jurisdiction to hear all questions of law and fact which the railroad companies now claim the privilege of carrying to general courts, with liberal provisions for appeals from the decisions and orders of the commission, relieving all other courts from this class of business, save the necessary appeals from the new court to the supreme court of the state. lam aware that this suggestion will encounter a well-founded prejudice against creating new offices: but it must be remembered that the railway, with ts millions of capital invested in properties and securities, held by all classes of people, and its vast systems articulating with almost every business interest of the country, has into our civilization a new field of jurisprudence, as well as of industry, wealth and refinement; and that with the vast, benefits wrought out new dangers have been encountered and new labors necessitated.

It is believed that courts of the federal would not interfere were a plain remedy at law provided. In a recent case in the United States court for this district, involving an order made by the state railroad commission, the fact that the law under which the commission acted gave the right of appeal as construed by the court was held to be a good reason why it should not interfere, and the complaining party was remanded to the remedy which the law provided. The suggestion of a new court is offered for consideration in the belief that, in case the ruling of the circuit court, above referred to, is a firmed by the United States supreme court, it would afford the plainest and simplest remedy to conseouent evils. Desiring to keep this paper within proper limits, I will call your attention to but one or two more matters under tnis head, although many questions press forward for discussion. In mv judgment the time has.

come to determine by some constituted state authority the final location of all railroads hereafter to be built in this state, to the end (Ist) that two or more railroads demanding "reasonable which a federal circuit judge has within the past year interpreted to mean such rates as will "pay the cost of the service, interest on bonds and then some shall not be constructed through a country where one could as well do all the business, thus increasing the rates necessary to be paid to meet the requirements of the rule quoted; and (2d) that where a road is projected near a town or village of a specified number of inhabitants, it shall not be permitted to build past and outside of its limits for the sake of building up a rival town, nut shall be required (unless for the best of reasons) to enter it, for the convenience and benefit of its people. Instances are to be found in seveial parts of the state where prosperous towns, built up by hardy pioneer settlers upon sites offering natural advantages, have been ruined by railroad companies in constructing their lines past them and laying out new towns in close proximity. Deep wrongs of this nature have in many instances been inflicted on worthy and prosperous communities in the past. For these there is now no remedy, but it is your privilege to prevent all such abuses in the future. THE FINANCIAL SITUATION.

The financial situation of the slate is shown by the auditor in his annual report in perspicuous retail. I commend it to your careful reading at the outset oi your session. You will be called upon to appropriate an aggregate sum far in excess of the state's available resources, and if you have any desire to "cut the garment according to the cloth," as I doubt not you have, tbe facts collated with so much intelligent care by the auditor will prove not only interesting but useful to you. To avoid prolixity I will omit detailed statements and refer only to the aggregate totals as given by the auditor, His estimate of receipts and expenditures for the balance of the present fiscal l. up to July 31, for the fiscal years ending at the same time in 1890 and 1831, is as follows: Fiscal Year.

Receipts. Disbursements. 1889 51. 85 1.690 72 $2,175,249 66 1890 1,747.500 00 1,31 3.850 00 18-1 1,818,000 00 1,614,350 00 Totals $5,42. .190 72 85,103,449 66 Estimated surplus $316,741 6 A situation is here presented which, while it may not be excessively agreeable, is at least easily understood.

For the fiscal year which ends July 31 next, the estimated receipts fall short of estimated expenditures $320,558.94. The only rescource to meet this is an authorized overdraft of $20 and an additional which may be temporarily borrowed. For the fiscal year ending July 31, 189! there is an estimated revenue surplus of $113,091.06, and for the year following on the same side. These estimates of receipis are based on the present tax levy of mills, income from railroads, insurance, telegraph and telephone companies, and from miscellaneous sources. The receipts may be increased by the issuance of state bonds in the sum of $50,000 (the constitutional limit) by the sale of the public building lands in Kandivohi county, as recommended further on, and by au increase of tax levy.

Other wuvs might be devised, of course, but these the practical methods. In the case of an increase of the tax levy no benefit by way of increased revenue could be derived until after the tax payments In 189 It will thus be seen that outside of the items of necessary expenditure set down by the auditor, there will be nothing whatever available for appropriations in the present fiscal yeur, which will end July 31 next, and tuat the aggregate estimated surplus for tbe next two years is but $310,74100. Adding to this such sums as may be derived from sources above mentioned, the total is yet so far below the demands of state institutions that you cannot but find the situation perplexing. For correctional and charitable institutions you are asked to appropriate for buildings and repairs alone an aggregate amount of $1,006, as follows: Fergus Falls hospital for Insane. $31 2,00 St.

Peter hospital for insane 35.000 Rochester hospital for insane. 104,000 Soldiers' home 220,000 School for the deaf 61,000 School for the blind School for the feeble-minded 54,00 School for dependent 'clildi 73,350 State prison 60,000 St. Cloud reformatory 7 .070 Making a total of $1,006,925 The reform school is omitted from this statement, tor the reason that whatever amount is appropriated for it may be offset by the E.ile of the old site. But the state educational institutions must not be omitted. The amounts asked for by them for similar purposes are as here given: State university $250,000 Winona normal school 16,000 Mankato normal school 48,00:) St.

Cloud normal school 49 000 Moorhead normal school 11,0 0 Total $374,000 Aggregating the totals, we have the grand sum of $1,380,925, which you will be asked to appropriate for building purposes to the correctional, charitable and educational institutions of the state for the period ending July 31; 1891. When you take into account that no part of this aggregate is considered in the estimate of expenditures submitted by the state auditor, the perplexity of the situation becomes strikingly apparent, and admonishes you to the chsest inquiry into all demands for appropriations, and to the strictest economy compatible with public necessities in the expenditure of public moneys. A PARDONING BOARD. One of the most exacting of the many duties pertaining to the chief executive office of this state is that growing out of the pardoning power conferred upon the governor by constitution. That power is complete.

lie can pardon and turn loose every prisoner in the state if he so wills, and is responsible only to the people of the state for his acts. The wisdom of centering in one person this important prerogative is questioned by many, and by a limited number it is thought the pardoning power should not exist at all. My own judgment is that its proper lodgment is with the chief executive officer of the state. But I am convinced from a brief experience in its exercise that in justice both to the fovcrnor and the applicant for parol), an advisory board of pardons should be created and established by law, to whom all applications for pardon should be referred, and whose duty it should be, after due investigation and consideration, to pass upon the merits of each application and report their findings and recommendations to the governor tor his use and guidance. The applications for pardon In this state are already so numerous and the duties of the governor so exacting in other directions that he cannot find the time necessary to give them the patient and careful investigation demanded by the merest considera tions oi justice.

In common ff.irness to the prisoner, at any rate, this should be done. And to the end that the governor may be relieved as fully as possible from responsibility in exercising the pardoning power, the board should be entirely free, both in its creation and of office, from obligations orresponsibilities to him. If duly authorized to do so, the chief justice of the supreme court might very appropriately name the members to constitute the board from persons nominated for the positions by the fudges of the district courts, lt is important that this board, if created, shall be as independent of political influences as possible, and semi-judicial in character. I do not think any state or judicial officer or any officer connected with any of the prisons of the state should be eligible to appointment on it. The freer it can be made from political, partisan or outside official influences the better, in mv judgment.

But these are matters of detail which I shall not discuss. The Bain thing is the creation of the board, and this I earnestly recommend. HIGH LICENSE. While no official data have been gathered, information of a character to be relied upon shows a decrease of fully one-third in the number of saloons and an increase of one quarter in the revenue derived from licenses. The consumption of liquor has been lessened and the cause of temperance promoted.

There is not so much' intoxication as existed before the law was enacted the saloon is no longer a dominant power in the politics of the state public opinion for a thorough control of the liquor traffic has strengthened, and in many ways, directly and indirectly, good has resulted to our state and its people from the high license law of 1887. It is the outgrowth of an expression of one of the political parties in 1886, in convention assembled, indicating some moral courage, aud I THE SAINT PAUL DAILY GLOBE: THURSDAY MORNING JANUARY 10, 1880. of the expressed will of a majority of the people at the following election. It is possi- ble, of course, that a bill may be presented for your consideration to repeal the law, but so confident am I that such a measure would meet your prompt and emphatic disapproval that I will not discuss the possibility of its success. REAPPORTIONMENT.

The duty, already too long delayed, of redistricting the state into senatorial and representative districts, and reapportioning the senators and representatives therein, will devolve upon you at the present session. Under the constitution this duty should have been performed immediately following the state enumeration of 1885. Because it has been neglected heretofore, however, the reason for action by you becomes all the more urgent. The shifting of population and accession by immigration since the last apportionment make our present representation glaringly unequal and unfair. According to the congressional vote in the Fifth district, with 55,000 votes, had a much smaller representation in the legislature than the Third district with but 33,000.

Ther. is a district represented in this body with but one senator and one representative, whose population largely exceeds 50,000, while there are eighteen districts which show an average of but 6,275 constituents to each of their senators and representatives. In a special message to the last legislature I called attention to the inequalities of the pre-ent representation in some detail, 'and urged au immediate reapportionment, but for reasons unnecessary to enter into nothing was aone in the matter. It now becomes yonr privilege to pass a reapportionment law which will meet the demand for fair and equal representation, aud thus in common justice repair a wrong which has been permitted to exist too long. In closing 1 desire to express my thanks to the officers and clerks who have been associated with me in the state government, for the courteous and hearty co-operation at all times accorded me by them in the discharge of mv official obligations.

They have performed the duties attached to their several positions with conspicuous faithfulness, and are entitled to the thanks of all who regardhonesty, and fidelity in the public service as virtues. As for myself, the record which now closes must speak. Whatever its defects, I shall at least carry with me into private life the solace which comes of earnest endeavor to faithfully administer the trust placed in my bauds by the The major portion of Gov. McGill's address omitted here is covered by Gov. Merriam aud the annual reports of state officials.

GOV. MERRIAM'S Opinion on Matters of State Importance. The best points in Gov. Merriam's message are herewith reproduced: Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Representatives: In compliance with a custom that has become one of our unwritten laws. 1 beg to submit for your consideration my views in connection with a proper administration or" the high functions bestowed upon me by the people, and also to offer some suggestions, as to legislation, upon a few of the more important issues materially affecting the commonwealth.

The responsibility of our lawmakers, ever a grave one, was never, in our history, so great as now. Very serioul consequences might result to our people, aud to those that come after us, by reason of bills hastily drawn and made into laws, or permitted to become such, before their provisione have had serious and thoughtful consideration. The present, indeed, is almost a crucial period in our existence. We are making history and making laws that will leave their impress upon the material welfare of the state for a half century to come. I bespeak your earnest attention to, and most careful scrutiny of, every bill authorizing the disbursement of money.

it is proper that certain sums be appropriated for the enlargement of state institutions, where there is good reasi to believe that the increased population and growth make such action a necessity. There will likewise be the usual demands for the proper support and maintenance of these various institutions, and to cover ordinary expenses incidental to the management of state affairs. It is not unlikely that, during your session, bills may be introduced providing for the issue of bonds to meet some special emeigency.or to realize funds with which to prosecute some public enterprises that it may be deemed wise to enter into: and, while it is your duty to carefully consider all such measures, yet it would seem to be prudent to exercise the greatest caution in creating a debt of any magnitude at this time; for, while commercial, industrial and agricultural business is generally satisfactory, there are indications of the development of conditions less favorable, that might cause our liabilities to become burdensome if materially increased. The fund arising from our tax lew is not available to the treasurer until some six or eight months afur the commencement of our fiscal year, at which time the various amounts appropriated, and to be disbursed, are invariably called for. It has been the custom, in the past, under authority of legislative enactment, to make good this apparent or temporary deficiency in the revenue fund, by borrowing necessary amounts, from lime to time, of the sinking and trust fund of the state.

I assume that the law authorizing this practice was only intended as a temporary measure, and that its I ramers recognized the necessity of some plan more commendable from a businei-s standpoint. The matter is one that is entitled to your serious consideration and I hope you may be able to provide some better method of" enabling the treasurer to meet the general and current obligations of the state; for under the existing arrangement undesirable or serious complications might arise. In the annual report of your treasurer, attention is called to this matter, and some remedies suggested, the more desirable of which, in my judgment, is that you authorize tne annual issue of what might be termed revenue bonds, by joint authority of your executive, treasurer and auditor, under such restrictions as you may deem proper, and as may be required to meet the demands made upon the the treasury for payment of general or specific obligations, when the funds to pay the same are not available. The plan as contemplated does not provide for the negotiation or sale of these bonds in the market, but the sinking or trust funds only shall be invested therein, and that they shall be made redeemable at any time wheu the revenue funds in the treasury will permit, and when, in the judgment of the state officials that may be selected to pass judgment ou the matter, the urgency that made the issuance necessary no longer exists. In my opinion these bonds should not bear interest at a rate exceeding four (4) per cent per annum.

AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS. As you are no doubt all aware, in the tier of counties adjacent to, and lying north of, the Northern Pacific railroad, and to the east of the Red River ot the North, a bitter frost occurred in the month of August of the past year, partly destroying, and in many instances completely ruining, the wheat crop. I have communicated with the auditor in each one of the various counties, and am able to present to you accurate and specific information as to the extent of the loss, ana evidence of the distress that exists. In some of the counties over 80 per cent of the wheat crop has been practically destroyed. This affliction has been especially grievous in many cases where the settlers were already burdened with a debt more or less heavy, created by the expenses incident to improving their new homes -and procuring machinery and implements to conuuet farming operations.

1 am informed that there are many instances where the farmers who have suffered this misfortune are so poverty-stricken that they are absolutely unable to purchase seed wheat for this year, and that there are some cases, even, where they find it a difficult matter to provide themselves and their families with the common necessaries of lite. I would suggest that some way be devised whereby the really deserving ones receive aid to the extent st least of being furnished with seed wheat, thus supplying them with the means of pursuing their farming operations, and making it possible for them to improve their condition by means of another crop. This provision" cannot be made in the nature of a gift, for it is not the province of the state to donate money for this or any other purpose, however worthy; but a bill can be drawn authorizing a temporary loan from the state to the counties in which these troubles exist that shall provide such counties, through their proper officers, with funds to purchase seed wheat for distribution among the needy and deserving. I am informed that the railroads will transport this wheat free of charge, and, so far as possible, deliver it at such distributing points as may be selected. PENAL AND REFORMATORY A matter of grave importance to the people of the state is the method ot managing its penal institutions and the employment of convict labor.

The convict is In reality the ward of the state, and it is manifestly as much your duty to consider his material and moral welfare as it is your province to deal with those issues, in connection with his management and employ, that affect the people of our state and the industries with which they are concerned. It is a crime to enforce idleness upon the criminal whom the law deprives of his liberty; and it is equally as unjust to the citizenship of our state to provide for him employment of such character and in such manner, as adversely affect the industries that are the joint product of: private enterprise aue capital aud of free and untrammeled labor. The labor of the convicts at Stillwater was, for a number of years, contracted to Messrs. Seymour. Sabin but, on the Ist day of September last, in accordance with the law enacted in 1887.

the agreement was cancelled and the board of inspectors instructed to employ the labor on "state account." The sum of $25,000 was appropriated at the same time for the purpose of purchasing adequate machinery to conduct such opera. tions as it might be deemed wise to enter into, but the inspectors and warden have thought it best to await further action of the legislature in regard to this matter, and havo thus far employed the convicts, as far as circumstances would permit, with the facilities at hand. 7 The sentiment so generally prevailing among our mechanics and laborers, as well as in tne minds of capitalists and laborers, that the state should not dispose of the labor of Its criminals in a manner that would men- ace the capital invested in our industries and manufactories, or the wages of those em- ployed therein, was the direct cause of the enactment of the law terminating the contract with Messrs. Seymour, Sabin Celt is maintained that the state can utilize the labor of its convicts in such manner as will practically prevent it from coming into competition with free labor, and that it can do so without entailing any financial loss i upon the people. 'the issue is still an untried one, and it is for you, in your deliberations, to decide as to i the best and most practical manner of dis- posing of it so that it will bring about desired results, if possible, to the great individ- ual and state interests involved.

Unless you supplement or change the ex- isting law in regard to this matter it will be necessary to at once make preparation to i carry it iuto operation. Under the present statutes the state prison and its management are coutrolled by a board of inspectors consisting of three mem- hers and a warden designated by the execu- tive. This plan of management seemed to satis- I factorily fill all requirements under the system of contracting the labor of the convicts; the duties of the warden consisting chiefly in looking after the discipline of the prisoners and providing for their maintenance, under certain prescribed regulations. Now, however, it has been determined upon by the state to employ the convicts upon its own account, which will involve the handling of large sums of money, the purchase ot machinery and materials, and the sale of manufactured articles and goods ot various kinds, it becomes absolutely necessary to adopt some entirely different method. The state is about to engage in business operations, a procedure that Is at the best questionable, and unless proper safeguards are interposed, one that is fraught with danger.

Great care should be taken not only to prevent the venture from proving an unfortunate one, entailing financial loss upon the people, but also to so regulate it that neither capital nor labor shall have cause for complaint. 1 would suggest that a joint committee be appointed from the senate and house of representatives to consider this important and perplexing problem, and report to you the result of their It would be well, in my opinion, to have a bill introduced, increasing the number of the board of inspectors of five .5) members, and giving to such board authority to select a warden, and, if necessary, a superintendent and such other officers as, in my judgment, may be necessary to conduct, in the best possible and most business-like manner, the operations determined upon under the present law. or such modifications thereof as you may deem it wise to make. The advantage of this plan of providing for the control and management of the state prison, over the one now in operation, under existing law, is manifest; for under it you would have a responsible of men to hold accountable for the proper administration of its affairs and the selection of warden aud other officers; and, further, the whole matter would then be entirely removed-from the field of politics. lam convinced that the plan I have suggested would bring to the state the best and most satisfactory results.

It would, in my judgment, be a mistake to make very considerable purchases of machinery to commence with. in this matter the board could proceed cautiously, and as the plan and its requirements developed. The present warden, who has given considerable attention and thought to this subject, assures me that a large number of the prisoners can be employed for some time to come about the penitentiary in finishing work already contemilated; and Hint by sending some of those who are well behaved to the reformatory at St. Cloud, which will be in readiness in the spring, he can. at a trifling provide sufficientmachinerylo employ the remaining prisoners in manufacturing a few.

simple article at a fair margin of until such time as the "permanent arrangements determined upon can be entered into. If this plan were adopted, the Loird of inspec would have ample time to take advantage ot the experience gained in other, and older states in the employment of convict labor on accuun and no doubt, be able to avail itself of much profitable information. And further, proceeding this manner, the practicability of the plan, if it be practicable, could be demonstrated within the. next two years, and without the expenditure, of any considerable amount of money, which; should in any case be avoided until the ex- periment has been amply tried and proven feasible. Casual mention has been made of the reformatory in process of erection at St.

loud. This institution is more especially; intended for those whose criminal career ia a short one; whose vicious tendencies are not pioiounced, and who would be more susceptible to influences of a reformatory Character. That a great work can be accomplished in such an institution, in checking the development of criminal impulses, and in correcting evil habits not 100 long indulged, cannot be le appropriation made by the last legislature seems to have been inadequate to fully equip that portion of the building already completed, so that the space provided can be utilized, and I would suggest that you consider the matter of making such additional appropriation as in your judgment may seem necessary to secure the results sought to be obtained. RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. Among the many important issues that have commanded serious attention during the last few years, and the one that has been agitated, possibly, more than all others, in nearly every state of the Union, is that of railroad transportation, more especially as it affects the agricultural classes in the marketing of grain, stock and other farm products.

This agitation has been quite as pronounced in our own state as in any other, and, so far as tne question of railroad rates is concerned, has resulted from a system of tariffs adopted by the transportation companies iv their earlier history, and at a time when the state was sparsely settled, an when, as a consequence, the business of the roads was comparatively light. It was observed by the people that rates of freight and passenger fares were not reduced to a joint commensurate with the increase of population in the state, and consequent growth of traffic; and, as a result, the feeling became general, even if more marked in the agricultural sections, that some legislation was essential to the end that reasonable rates should be maintained aud no discrimination of any character permitted. At the last session ot the legislature a bill was passed creating a board of railroad and warehouse commissioners, and defining its duties, as embodied in the existing law, which law is the outgrowth of the sentiment as above referred to. In two or three instances the railroads have appealed from the rulings of the board to the courts of the state, and decisions have been rendered to the effect that the right to fix rates is vested in the board of commissioners, and that from its rulings no appeal can be entertained. As tbe law is interpreted by the courts, the power of the board of commissioners over the railroads, in the matter of the regulation ot freight and passenger rates, is practically without limit, and it is maintained by the transportation companies that too great authority is thus bestowed upon the board, and that at least the right of appeal to the courts should be permitted, whenever the demands of the commission seem to be oppressive.

On the other hand, the theory prevails among those who favor the statute as it now stands, that, should railroad companies be allowed the privilege of seeking redress at the hands of the courts whenever, in judgment of their officer such action became necessary, the practical effect would be that very little would be accomplished in the way of reducing rates, although the fact, might be clearly demonstrated that they were unreasonable; The end sought under and by the law covering these important issues should be, and, in my opinion, is, justice to both the and the railroads. The idea has never been advanced that there was any disposition to; confiscate or destroy railroad property, but on the contrary it is repeatedly urged by those most strenous in their exertions to effect needed reforms, that the companies are entitled to earn afairrate of interest or income on the actual value of the investment. It is not reasonable to expect, however, that the people will be satisfied with, or submit to. tariffs made for the purpose of paying interest or dividends upon a fictitious bonded indebtedness or capitalization, and a widespread feeling is apparent that an adjustment should be made that would prohibit it. It should be conceded that money employed iv constructing and operating railroads is entitled to the same rights as if invested in any other individual or corporate enterprise.

Neither can there be any ell-founded objec. tion to an allowance 7 for reasonable returns upon a natural increase of valuation of railroad property by reason of the growth of traffic, or through other causes that may be the result of advantages as to situation or physical condition. In this connection, I wish to call attention to the suggestion of a gentleman whose practical knowledge of and ripe experience in connection with railroad and matters entitles his opinion to consideration. It is evident that railroad managers are fully impressed with the fact that a general sentiment prevails among the people that railroads should be under the supervision of the state. Referring to the interstate commerce commission, and to the results sought to be ob- tamed under the national law upon which its operations are based, and to the fact that the good work being done by it is in a great measure nullified by.

those complex: problems as to -transportation and competition that practical iailroad men have been unsuccessful in solving, he says, in effect, that if il were made the province of the interstate commerce commission to simply fix the maximum rate for transportation of the I various classes of I freight, the difficulties attending the solution of the transportation problem would almost, if not entirely, disappear. In fixing this rate it is contemplated to consider all competitive and special conditions, and then to permit the railroads to make such tariffs as they please within the maximum named. There seems to be much in this suggestion to commend, although in the endeavor to secure good results from a state law based thereou it would be necessary to consider many causes that should influence rates as between specified points. It must be borne in mind that powerful corporations are thoroughly equipped in the way of organization to protect themselves, as they have tbe advantages that always come to the concentration of capital; hence, while your board of commissioners should be a just and impartial umpire in passing judgment upon such issues as come before it, at the same time it becomes its province to supply, in itself, to the people of the state, an organization worthy to combat that with which it comes in contact, and in such sense, and to that extent, the board, of commissioners may be said to represent the: state and to act in its interest. One of the principal objections to the law as- it now stands is the limited period of service, allotted each member of the board of commissioners.

In view of the knowledge required to properly comprehend the complex questions arising in connection with a proper administration of the duties of the commission, it might be well to increase the tenure of office. It can at once be understood' how valuable a factor experience becomes in work of this nature, and it has been suggested that the time of service of each commissioner be increased to six (6) years; instead of being limited to three (3), as at present, one member of the board to retire every second year. This would undoubtedly have the effect that invariably follows familiarity with duties assumed, viz: better and more efficient service. In this connection I wish to say that I regard the compensation of the railroad and warehouse commissioners of our state, as fixed by law, inadequate and not at all commensurate with the trust reposed in them and the grave responsibilities they assume. To be able to deal justly with the great interests involved, and to impartially and properly pass upon the important issues that arise, each member of the board should be the peer of any man in the state, in judgment, experience and business ability.

It is requiring too much of men of this stamp to ask them to resign lucrative positions or neglect a profitable business to accept this honorable trust, while the enumeration remains so small. APPORTIONMENT The feeling has been growing of late years that a new apportionment bill should be passed, giving a fuller representation in our senate aud house of representatives to those parts of the state in which the population has so largely increased. This increase has been more marked in the counties or Hennepin and Ramsey and in those lying in the iifth congressional district, that have been most benefited by the large immigration with which we have been favored. It is evidently no more than fair that the parts of the state named should receive considerate treatment in this matter, and I commend it to your attention as one worthy of prompt action. THE ELECTIVE SYSTEM.

Foi the first time the election law passed at the last session of our legislature, and known as the Whiteman law, was given a thorough trial, and it was found that it possessed much to commeud it to thinking people. It is certainly a great improvement over all previous statutes affecting our elections. One of the great evils of our elective system has been the fraud and corruption that has been possible under the enactments that have previously governed the franchise, and which the new law seeks to obviate. In a measure it seems to accomplish the purpose, although in some respects it is cumbersome, and in its practical operation iifthe large cities, exceedingly expensive. Its provisions require that, in all cities of over 12,000 inhabitants, separate ballot boxes are to be provided for the deposit of national, state, congressional, judicial, legislative, county and city ballots.

It would seem as if the ballots of the candidates for the various offices could be concentrated to an extent that would save both annoyance and expense. i It would be well, in my opinion, to change the hours for voting, so that the polls could be opened at 6 o'clock a. instead of 9 o'clock, and close at 5 o'clock instead of 7 o'clock p. thus giving to those who go to their work at an early hour an opportunity to' first deposit their ballot. Many have complnined because df the fact that voters are not permitted to register as late as the Saturday preceding election day, and think that some additional opportunity should be afforded for this purpose.

As at present provided, the registration days are so long prior to the day upon which the election is held, that many forget or neglect to register until reminded of the duty by the near approach of election day, and when it is too late. In any modification of the present law it would eem to be advisable to provide at least one or two days for registration immediately preceding the Sunday before election, to cover such cases as are above referred to. as well as instances where voters have teen absent from home upon the registration days as now set apart. REFORM SCHOOL. At the legislative session of 1-87 a law was enacted creating a commissien to decide upon a new site for a reform school, and a location was determined upon near the city of Red Wing, but for some reason the members of the reform school board have taken no further action.

The citizens of Goodhue county feel that steps should at once be taken in accordance with the spirit of the law as enacted. lam sure that, in this matter, the people of that section of the state are entitled to consideration at your hands, and that you will regard it as your duty to tee that the law is carried into effect by the refjrm school board without further delay. THE CAPITOL SITE. Some years since, about 6,400 acres of land situated in Kandiyohi county were set apart to the state, as a site for a state capitol, in case it was ever decided by the people to change the seat of government. As there seems to be a well-settled feeling that the present location of the state house is satisfactory, and that the lands in Kandiyohi county will not be required for the purpose for which they were it would appear to be wise to enact a law directing the state auditor to sell them aud apply the proceeds to the general revenue fund of the state.

These lands are very desirable, lying in the center of one of the most populous counties in the state, and would command a ready sale at an excellent price. The people of Kandiyohi county very properly wish the lands sold, that they might have the benefit of the taxes thereon that would then accrue to that county. Several attempts have been made, at the different sessions of the legislature, to make some final and satisfactory disposition of this matter, and it would seem as if there should be no further delay in taking such action as will mutually benefit the state and Kandiyohi county. It is estimated that the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000) could be obtained from this source. SOLDIERS 1 HOME.

To my mind the state has done a very wise and humane act in providing a suitable and comfortable home for the soldiers who took part in the war for the defense of the Union. Certainly it is as little as a grateful people can do for those that survive of the loyal defenders of the country to see that they are placed beyond want. To allow any of those who fought their country's battles to die in couuty almshouses is neither creditable nor praiseworthy. DAIRY INTERESTS. It has been suggested that the duties of the dairy commissioner be enlarged so as to include the right to examine all food products, aiid, where adulteration is discovered, to have the power to cause such articles to be destroyed.

There is a question, however, in the minds of some, whether the general government should not enact laws upon this subject, as it is doubtful whether it would be practicable to prohibit the importation and manufacturing of adulterated food products by mere local legislation. additional duties be assumed by the commissioner for the purposes named, some changes in the present law would be i necessary, and further appropriations required. addilion to the few issues in regard to which it has been my privilege to address you, many others will come before you tor deliberative action during your session. (All will be more or less important to the people of our state, and some, in even greater degree, will affect its destiny, and the 'moral, social, and material welfare of those who are to come after us. If in the laws you modify or enact it shall be your purpose, above all else, to benefit your fellow man, and to aid him to secure the best results from honest toil and endeavor, then will you not only have served well your great constituency, the people of our state, but you will have laid an acceptable and worthy foundation upon which tbe lawmakers of the future, who are now your children, may safely build.

In the laws of the world that have been written since records have been kept, may be read the best history of progress in human thought and the development within man ot those germs of mercy. and justice that were imbedded in human hearts and finite minds by an all-wise Providence. We might take the history of Mtnnesota and make its recital the foundation for a fabric of future possibilities that would seem impossible for human minds and human hands to build: and yet there is no limit to the achievements the future may realize; no limit to the development of our educational system that is year by year leading us up to a' better and still better civilization, and no bounds to our growth in wealth and power, if those who make and administer our laws seek to fully know and conscientiously perform their solemn and responsible duties. Let the fame of Minnesota still farther spread; farther and wider it become known that her laws are humane and just; that her educational and civilizing influences are carefully guarded and fostered; that her people, as individuals, are amply protected in their homes and in their vocations; that industries, manufactories and corporate enterprises aro heartily encouraged, yet firmly held within those limits beyond which they become oppressive, and the future we hope for is assured to us. SENATORS WORK.

Another. Bill Passes Through Their Hands. Ten o'clock 1 The last note had just chimed when President Rice entered the crow's nest and called the senate to order. Senators cast a swift upward glance at their chief, inwardly speculating as to the business of the uncouthlooking individual at his side. Visions of book agents and canvassers immediately entered the fertile brain of Senator Keller, who was on the point of rushing for the sergeant-at-arms, when the stranger raised his hand and said: "Let us pray." There was but a limited time for the senators to transact business, as at 10:15 the order had been given for a joint session of the senate and the house.

Rev. E. R. Lathrop, halls from McLeod county, having given the senate the benefit of his benediction, obtained a leave of absence from his duties as chaplain for the rest of this week. The reverend gentleman had some pressing duties at home requiring prompt attention.

Senator Day was next to fill the breach, having a resolution that Henry George be asked to address the house and senate Jan. 16, on the subject of the single tax. He understood that Mr. Gorge was willing to accept the invitation, and on behalf of a number of senators who would like to hear him on this great question he had proposed this resolution. They might not agree with all that Mr.

George might say, but they might learn something from him, and gain information that would enable them to correct some of the inequalities of the present taxation and assessment. Senator Edwards moved that the matter be debated, and the resolution would have been passed over but for Senator Day's nersuasive eloquence melting the of the would-be Henry George will thus be asked to deliver an address Wednesday. Senator M. Johnson, of Kandiyohi, is very quick in discerning the mood of his fellow senators. Yesterday morning they were rin hilarious frame of mind, owing, no doubt, to the pleasures and frivolities iv store during the evening.

Senator Johnson improved the occasion by trotting out "his little bill." It authorized the county of Kandiyohi to issue bonds for the building of a court house. Bonds of $20,000 will be issued, at the rate of 5 per ceut. He not only introduced this act, but had the rules of the senate suspended and the bill passed. There was no time for further legislation, the senate taking a recess to participate in the joint convention to hear Gov. McGill's message and Merriam's inaugural address.

After these proceedings the senate once more assembled, but in the meantime the chamber had been denuded of desks and chairs, preparatory for the festivities of the evening. President Rice facetiously requested senators to seat themselves, but in place of obeying the order some youthful members attempted to illustrate the delightful mazes of the waltz. The attempt was a failure, and amid laughter the adjournment was moved and agreed to. The senate will assemble at 10 o'clock this morning. SPRAY Cast Off From the Fountain of fetate.

There are but six hundred seconds in ten minutes, but in that time the senate authorized Kandiyohi county to build a court house and issue bonds of 520,000. Senators are undoubtedly working for a record. Their next effort will probably be the removal of the capitol building, the suppression of tlie Farmers' alliance and the immediate execution of Ignatius Donnelly and George F. Potter. Ex- Gov.

Pillsbury was at the inaugural. Senator Compton. went to sleep during Gov. McGill's address. Mrs.

Merriam, Miss Sessions and Miss Cook sat to the left of the speaker's desk during the inaugural ceremonies. Chaplain Harrington, of the house, made a bad beginning yesterday by failing to be on hand in time to open the inaugural ceremonies with prayer. 14 Senator Frank Day is inclined to favor the single tax principle. He says there is something in it, hut does not exactly know what, so he is willing to sit at the feet and learn from the lips of Henry George. Senator Kellar is much concered as to the connection between "strawberries" and "book agents." Key.

William Gray, colored minister, continues to keep warm his claims for the office ot keeper of the cloak room. The first set debate, of the senate will be what? The appointment of keeper of the cloak room. There are three applicants. The members of the present house have discovered that the house journal for 1887 is most grossly inaccurate, notable errors as to votes, titles of bills, having bten made. This discovery led yesterday to a protest from several representatives, and a demand that the journal hereafter be read each day.

As to who is to blame for the errors of '87 no one seems to know, except that it be the intelligent proof reader. When the speaker called for the introducon of bills yesterday there was not a bill presented. The speaker has appointed representatives Benson. Flynn and Estes a committee on house rules for this session. Henry George will address the legislature Wednesday, Jan.

16, on the single tax question. They Are Wrathy Special to the Globe. Redwood Falls, Jan. The citizens of this town are indignant that the representative from Redwood county is supporting W. D.

Washburn, who, is claimed, was instrumental in locating the Minneapolis St. Louis railway two miles north of this village. Sneezing Catarrh. The distressing sneeze, sneeze, the acrid, watery discharges from the eyes and nose, the painful inflammation extending to the throat, the swelling of themueous causing choking sensations, cough, ringing noises in the head and splitting headacheshow familiar these symptoms are to thousands who suiter periodically from head colds and influenza, and who live in ignorance of the fact that a single application of Sanford's Radical Cuke for Catarah will afford instantaneous relief. But this treatment in cases of simple Catarrh gives but a faint idea of what this remedy will do in the chronic forms, where the breathing is obstructed by chokiug.putrid mucous accumulations, the hearing affected, smell and taste gone, throat ulcerated, and hacking cough gradually fastening itself upon the debilitated system.

Then it is that the marvel curative power of Sanford's Radical Crr.E manifests itself in instantaneous and grateful relief. Cure begins from the first application. It is rapid, radical, permanent, economical, safe. Sanford's Radical Cure consists of one bottle of the Radical Cure, one box Ca tarrbal Solvent and an Improved price, SI. Potteb Drug Chemical Boston.

IT STOPS THE PAIN. Aching Muscles. Back, Hips and Kidney and Uterine Pains, nd all Pain, Inflammation and wwm Weakness relieved In one minute by the Cuticura Ant. -Pain Piaster. The first and only pain-killing Plaster.

New, original, instantaneous, neverfailing. Vastly superior to all other plasters. A remedy for the relief of pain. At all drug gists, 25 cents: five for or, postage freeof Potteb Drug Chemical Co-, Boston, Mass. T.

Holland. Pres. J. W. Shka.

Sec. J. H. Bryant. V.

P. J. F. Thompson. Treas.

HOLLAND THOMPSON MF6. CO. 3l7 Minnesota Street Park, St Panl, Steam Heating, Brass and Iron Fitting FOR STEAM, WATER AND GAS. BRASS FOUNDRY. AND We find we have too many on hand for this season of the year, and will make a cut Beyond Anything Ever Your Choice of Our Entire Stock of Fine Stiff Hats at 50c on the Dollar! $4.00 Derby Hats go at $2.00.

$2.00 Derby Hats go at $1.00. 200 doz. FINE CAMEL'S HAIR UNDERSHIRTS DRAWERS Original price $2.50. Reduced to $1.50. 150 Doz.

Fine $1.00 Silk and Satin Scarfs, Gut to 50 75 Doz. Silk Teck Scarfs, worth 35c, Reduced to Two for 25c. 100 Doz. Suspenders, With Silk Ends, CLeap at 50c, Gut to 25c. Hundreds of other things bear similar reductions throughout our GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS DEPARTMENT.

WE PLACE 1,000 MORE FINE SACK AND FROCK SUITS ON SALE THIS MORNING ll fir I tk I HAi I II" I i I MANUFACTURERS PRICES. NOTE THESE EXTRAORDINARY BARGAINS $30 Suits Reduced to $15.00 $20 Suits Reduced to $10.00 $16 Suits Reduced to $8.00 $23 Overcoats Reduced to $12.50 $18 Overcoats Reduced to $9.00 $7 Trousers Reduced to $3.50 $4 Trousers Reduced to $2.00 $2.50 Trousers Reduced to $1.50 Great Reductions Throughout Our Boys' Department. They cannot last long at such low prices, so come and make your selections before our many lines are broken. Headquarters for Reliable Bargains, N. W.

Cor. Seventh and Robert st. iviiisrisr. Largest Manufacturers, Wholesalers and Retailers of Fine Clothing in the World. REDUCTION ALL ALONG THE LINE.

If in Quest for FURNITURE CAU AT THE S.N. ABLER FURNITURE CO. We will figure with you mighty close. 264 266 E. Seventh St.

COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF Architectural Iron Work. Founders, Machinists, Blacksmiths and Pattern Send for cuts of coltrams. Works on St. M. R.

near Como avenue. Office 102 E. Fourth street, St. Paul. C.

M. POWER, and Treasurer. FLORAL DESIGNS. CUT FLOWER E. V.

BEALES, FLORIST AND SEEDSMAN. Corner Second and Cedar ST. PAUL, MINN. Direct Importer Seeds and Bulbs. Flora "Burlington" Motor trains leave Paul I'nion depot daily: 7 a.

rn 10 a. P- woN, li: P- fa p- rn -i 11 P- m. Commutation tickets, Cc. Single ride, 10c. The new College of the German Methodist Episcopal Churches ot the Northwest, io be known as ST.

PAUL'S COLLEGE, has been definitely located by the College Trustees at St. Paul Park. The College will cost $25,000, will be built in 1889, and located corner of Lincoln and Eleventh avenues. Lots in the vicinity of the College Site for sale only at our office. Maps and price list will be mailed on application.

Desirable seven-room new house, corner Pullman and Holly avenues, St. Paul Park, on 50-foot lot, facing public park, price terms $200 cash, balance $40 per month. ST. PAUL PARK IMPROVEMENT 28 East Fourth St. St.

Paul. PROCLAMATION 7 The Finest 5c Cigar. In the Market. -For Sale Everywhere. S.

SMALL, Sole Agent, Fourth and Robert Sts..