Statesman Journal from Salem, Oregon • Page 4

4 (Sec. I) Statesman, Saftm, June 6, '63 GRIN AND BEAR IT ByLichty Duncan Cites Need for Better E5Q3JJDB tatesmau Recruitment of Farm Work SALEM OREGON "No Favor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Awe" From First Statesman, March 28. 1851 squalid living conditions and discrimination against Mexican-Americafts doing crop work. Mrs. Green said "as a result of this program, poverty com By YVONNE FRANKLIN Statesman Washington Etrsau WASHINGTON (Special Rep.

Robert Duncan warned the farmers of Oregon last week that of the House that when perishable crops are ready, they must be picked. And he praised the efforts of Rogue River Valley farmers to obtain harvesting help before contracting for bra WENDELL WEBB, Managinf Editor CHARLES A. SPRAGUE, Editor Publisher Tax Referral? petes against poverty to produce more poverty." 'This program, originally -enacted in the R2nd Congress in 1 ry; i tommrarv mHSiml The Oregon constitution does not per- they must "find alternative sources for obtaining labor from the American market" because of the defeat of the Mexican is a reason uj uic -urrci farm workers, one of the poor- est work groups in tne Lnitea Slates, were able in calendar 1961 to earn an average of ahruit tSJSfi 9 Mir inr th 124 41 if arm unor A vV.Jiw-. days of farm work they were able to obtain." she said "The program also hurts fam- 11 tsmiis. urc ivijwiaw ia.

in-. a re, the principal employers of braceros. and are thus able to "cut costs in a way not available io iamuv larms iw ciuuioy irw "We thought that the administration's walking fad might become permanent! It was our last hope to unsnarl the traffic problem!" hired workers The debate was carriea by -Califemians and Texans, those with most to lose from the tenv ise el the Law. On Calrforniefi. (Continued from page one.) schools in spite of the de facto segregation of geography (residence.

It extends also to jobs witness the Negro picketing in Philadelphia until Negroes were admitted to work by the union. The public authorities from the President down, and civic leaders realize that, unless the barriers do fall generally and completely, violence will grow as radicals among the Negroes displace the moderate leaders like Rev. Martin Lutber King. Jr. The latter have had wonderful control so far over members of their race as they followed the Gandhi tactics of civil disobedience.

It was to speed up action that President Kennedy met with business leaders seeking their support in giving equality in service and in job opportunity. The President may submit measures to Congress which would enforce civil rights, which probably would encounter opposition to the point of a filibuster from the hard core Southern contingent of the Senate. The administration is attempting a more active role in this area of controversy, something which I think President Eisenhower should have attempted back in 1954-5. The New York Times Sunday urged the President to call on Gov. Wallace of Alabama, now posing as the White Knight of white supremacy, to get him to desist from carrying out his pledge to stand in the door at the University of Alabama to block entry of a Negro.

Other, and I think wiser, counsel is for him to do no such thing. The President should not go, hat-in-hand, on such a call. Wallace evidently is eager for this vicarious sacrifice, and neither cajoling or threatening will make him desist. Home state pressures, however, may succeed in halting his futile gesture. Pope Was Pushing For Polish Accord braceros, saying they increased.

the fringe benefits to dornastie workers and upgraded wages. However he was followed by-another Californian who said: knows tential me Polish church's po-power. Cardinal Wyszyn- "As a health educator in toe State of California. 1 did enter a hrarprn ramn and frMinH that By JOSEPH ALSOP Fkwnct Analyst WASHINGTON Pope John is mourned by Catholics, Protestants, and Jews by all men of money to work for improvement of vocational education. The Foundation has set aside $1 million for this purpose.

One sum of will be used to trace the employment history of ten thousand graduates of vocational programs in the last ten years. Another $185,000 will be used in experiments in ten high schools and two junior colleges in the San Francisco Bay area. This will extend a plan being pursued at Richmond high schools for testing at other schools. This provides senior high schools with a two-year sequence of courses in English, physics, chemistry and technical laboratory work. Successful students then are eligible to enroll in technology programs in junior colleges.

Or, if they do not want to continue in school they should be better prepared for jobs because of their knowledge of tools and materials. And they will have had a good general education. This project sounds very interesting. The universal cry is for Education, Education to meet the challenges of the New Age. It is by no means clear just what the education should consist of.

These experiments should yield information on how to conduct the important instruction for employment. She Loved Ancient Greece The Monday papers reported the death of Edith Hamilton at the age of 95. She was of the early generation of intellectual women in America who found her niche in the study of ancient Greece and Rome and writing about their civilizations. Her "The Greek Way" is an absorbing paean of the achievements of Greeks in the classic age of Athens. This book was followed by her "The Roman Way," which pointed out similarities between life in ancient Rome and modern America.

Miss Hamilton took B.A. and M.A. degrees at Bryn Mawr, and went to the universities of Leipzig and Munich on a scholarship in 1895-96, the first woman ever to be admitted at Munich. Returning, she organized the Bryn Mawr school at Baltimore and was its head for 20 years. Then she turned to study and writing in her favored field.

Miss Hamilton's sister, Dr. Alice Hamilton, also won? distinction, having been the first woman to serve on the faculty of Harvard Medical School. ceros. He also pointed with pride to the "advanced migratory labor legislation in Oregon "to protect these people from exploitation, and to relieve them from the most pressing of the social problems with which they are faced." "Thesa law include laws that license labor leaders, that impose strict standards at pwfcite health with which growers must comply," he continued, "safety regulations an the highways anal get this a pilot program pre We education far me children of these migrants who, be-, cause ef the transitory nature ef their parents' employment frequently reach aekitthood without proper education." Duncan was congratulated for Oregon's performance by an opponent who however reminded him that "this does not necessarily follow as far as the other States are concerned." A Texas congressman quoted wages as low as 20 cents an hour for domestic help being paid in Texas, Time Flies FROM STATESMAN FILES 10 Years Ago June 6, 153 Ten scholarships at $1000 each have been awarded by Max D. Tucker Scholarship Foundation of Oregon, it was announced by Dr.

G. Herbert Smith, of Willamette University. 25 Years Ago June ittt Miss Maxine Rankin, whose marriage to Robert N. Needham will be an event of June has announced her wedding plans. The ceremony will be performed at the St.

Joseph cathedral, Portland. Miss Rankin is the daughter of Mrs. W. C. Rankin and Mr.

Needham is the son of the W. I. Needhams, Salem. 40 Years Ago June 1923 Eleven members of the class of 1923 were chosen by the faculty of Willamette University to membership in the Alpha Kappa Nu honor fraternity. Those chosen from Salem were.

Carmen Harwood, Rachel Hall Nelson, and Alma Rohrer Vinson. their facilities were good. But then I crossed to the other side of the road and I found our own workers eating on the floor." we were also asked if we had seen the health facili mit the Legislative Assembly to attach the emergency clause to a tax measure. This means that such a measure will not go into effect as law until 90 days after the session is adjourned. In that interval referral petitions may be circulated, and if enough qualified signers are obtained the measure is suspended until it is voted on.

The Legislature which has just adjourned passed a comprehensive revision of the income tax. Now the question is raised over whether it will encounter a referendum. One of the main features of the new piece of legislation is denial of deduction of income taxes paid the federal government. The 1959 session passed a bill with a similar provision. It was held up by referendum and then soundly defeated at the election in 1960.

There is a difference now in that the public is pretty well informed that more revenue is needed. There isn't the comfortable surplus that used to carry the state along through the 1950s. With that knowledge and the knowledge that this Legislature would find it difficult to agree on any alternate which would produce enough revenue, foes of the 1963 tax program may be reluctant to start a referendum movement. "Just in case" one was started and got sufficient signers, the Legislature has provided a protection. It specified Oct.

15th as a date for such a statewide election. That would allow time for a special session to be called, if the voters rejected the measure, and the redraft of a new program. The favored alternative is a sales tax; but rejection of the 1963 tax package would not insure a sales tax. That undoubtedly would be referred if passed by the Legislature. There is the possibility of initiating a sales tax; but agreeing on a draft is not easy: the rate, the exclusions, the distribution of proceeds.

The two houses fell apart on this, althetigh the House was unfriendly to any kind of a general sales tax. Assuming that Governor Hatfield signs the tax bill which seems safe, for he surely doesn't want the Assembly back on his hands we will just wait and see whether a referendum is agitated and whether it gains momentum. Our guess is that there will be a lot of grumbling but no referral. good will without distinction of belief. This was a saintly man, no less good because earthy and us, ties made available to the braceros.

and I say that I have. But I have also seen the type of neaitn (acuities tnai are mase. available to the which are. in effect, no facili-r ties at all." whose good-1 ness all men could be sure Statistics from the Agriculture Department for the past ten vears were cited to show, if not a decrease, ef least a plateau wage rates in areas where bra-" ceros are used. For instance, wages for farm workers generally have risen from S3 cents law.

pp.M- a 1 300 TToa rraaklla braceros are used yearly in Oregon to pick Rogue River Valley pears. The rising opposition of church groups and labor unions was partially responsible for the demise of the bracero program, which aids one per cent of the farm group, mostly on large corporation farms in California and Texas. However. Duncan, who serves on the Agriculture Committee which reviews all farm legislation, believes the vote is "symbolic of the way much farm legislation will be received this year." Was this a result of the farm wheat referendum he was asked "No," he said, "it's no( a spirit of revenge at all. But there is a growing feeling against the agricultural subsidy program as being expensive and unsuccessful All ef Oregon's delegation except Rep.

Edith Green of the city of Portland voted for a two-year extension of the law. An effort will be made to revive the bill, Duncan said, with amendments which may make it more palatable. Duncan had tried to amend the bill in committee to give workmen's compensation and provide adequate housing but was unsuccessful. This bill. Public Law 78.

which expires in December, 1963, admits Mexican male workers (braceros) for temporary employment. The Department of Labor recruits and places these workers, assists farmers and workers to establish contracts for work, and requires farmers to pay wages, transportation and provide adequate housing conditions. A farmer may not contract for Mexicans unless he has unsuccessfully offered domestic workers the same wages. He is not required to offer American workers equivalent workmen's compensation or occupational insurance coverage, housing or transportation expenses. During floor debate last week both Duncan and Green took the floor to defend their positions.

Duncan contended that he had noted the opposition of church and other groups and agreed that there was justification for "contentions that the use of Mexi can workers has, to an ax-tent, had an adverse effect on the employment opportunities of domestics "But there is also evidence." he continued, "that the total agricultural labor needs of this country cannot, at specific times and places, be met from domestic sources He reminded the non-farmers 1.05 cents an hour during tne past ten years, but in bracers areas wages have held to around cents an hour. Duncan when asked about this said that if this was so it was the administrative responsibility of the Dent, of Agriculture who-' should see to it that domestic workers' wages ere protected I S. ta wnen Draceros are orougm in, Whn a sir eH if rririrment nw- a i IJ-'L grams wr Americana fcnouion be strengthened he said, we have them but the growers haven't made them work. Consistency? Tests in Vocational about. Jose also The curious fact is that among the most sincere mourners, there will also be some men of highly dubious and diluted good will.

The Eastern European Communist leaders had been hoping that John XXIII would agree to a kind of semi-concordat: and they now fear that the next Pope will break off the contacts that gave hope of agreement. Politically as well as religious-ly, these Communist Vatican contacts have been one of the most interesting and startling features of the remarkable reign of Pope John. Too much attention has been concentrated, however, on the superficial events like the Roman visit of Nikita S. Khrushchev's son-in-law, Alexei-Adzhubei. The development of real Importance, which the Vatican and the church hierarchy did net Initiate, was the discussion ef way to regularize the extremely troublesome church state relation in countries with huge, devout Catholic populations and Communist governments, notably Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.

The discussions, wholly informal, carefully kept behind the scenes, never characterized as negotiations, began with a feeler put out by the Communist party hierarchy of Poland to the "other Polish government." the Catholic hierarchy headed by the great, wise, and couragious Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski. Anyone who has spent a single Sunday in Poland anyone who has seen the young men and boys kneeling in great crowds on the sidewalks at the doors of the overfilled churches lucation i Ed 1 A chief reason given for votes against the new constitution in the Legislative Assembly was fear of the one-man executive, the governor. Those who felt this way like the three elected officials, governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, who make up the Board of Control and the State Land Board. A State Farm HOMEOWNERS POLICY is your best protection for your home and possessions. 1 ski has been content to use that power to defend the church's religious freedom and freedom to teach the young.

In practice, the foundation for a sort of church-state agreement was well-laid some time ago. when the practice grew up of submitting the names of new bishops to the civil government before their installation. As churchmen rather than politicians have always been nominated, there has been no real trouble about the Polish bishopric; but there has been much friction about religious teaching in the schools. Apparently the great Polish Cardinal believed that both the church and me Polish people would gain by a regularized church-state relationship in Poland, which would tend to prevent friction over religious teachings and other difficulties that have arisen from time to time. The proof that Cardinal Wyszynski did not object is the simple fact that Polish Embassy-Vatican contacts began in Rome.

What had been produced by these contacts before Pope John's death is still a closely held secret. But it clear that the affair was well-advanced, most probably in the direction of an agreement to name church and state representatives who would be charged withnegotiating out any subsequent church-state differences. Proofs that the affair was well-advanced are fairly numerous. Cardinal WyszynskPs visit to Rome, to La Ike about the problem with Pope John and the members of the Papal curia, was one such proof. Another was the visit of Franziskus Cardinal Koenig, Primate of Vienna, to Budapest, with the aim of ending the long seclusion of Jo-zef Cardinal Mindszenty in the American Legation there.

Until recently, at least. Cardinal Koenig was also supposed to make an early visit to Prague, to meet with Archbishop Josef Beran, Primate of Czechoslovakia. The obvious purpose was to talk with Archbishop Beran about extending to Czechoslovakia an agreement already planned to cover Hungary as well as Poland. All this, moreover, was very much on the mind of Pope John, even on his death bed. One of those admitted to see him, by the Pope's own request was the Primate of the Ukraine, Archbishop Josyf Slyipyi.

Archbishop Slyipyi's release from Russia was another recent development in the changing pattern of Vatican relations with the Communist governments. This changing pattern has no doubt shocked a great many worldly people in this country, not to mention the more conservative members of the Papal curia. But neither the Cardinals of the curia nor the Americans who are comparably shocked have had anything like the same opportunity to form a correct judgment as Cardinal Wjrszyn-ski has had. Pope John, on the other hand, was evidently content to take the opinion of this great Polish churchman, leader, and patriot. Copvrijfht 1983.

New York Herald Tribune lac.) The Negro Muslims, a weird aggregation who ape the Mohammedans, are organizing for Black supremacy. So far they exert little influence among their race, but there are rebels among the Negro intellectuals who are vengeful as well as demanding. James Baldwin, Negro novelist, voices the deep bitterness of his race against the accumulated injustice of decades of discrimination. The only adequate response is that removal of discrimination based solely on color or race must be speedy and complete. Portland, in a state where laws to enforce civil rights are pretty well respected, is making a study of race relations in housing and schooling.

The schools in Oregon permit no discrimination on account of race; but housing practices have pretty well confined Negroes to a solid area, the old Albina district of Portland. This gives a heavy Negro majority in the schools serving the area. The correction lies in breaking up the black ghetto; but that isn't easy. Negroes are a low income group and must have low rentals. They find it hard to escape old environs.

In Northern cities this residence concentration is a chief obstacle to integration. Not many states have anti-discriminatory laws, and enforcement is not easy in those that do. Also, with a scattering of Negroes, whites may flee to the suburbs, and, as Negroes occupy their former homes, the racial imbalance is repeated. Progress in the North depends on education to develop Negro capabilities, removal of job discrimination to supply an economic uplift, and diffusion of residence to break down the misunderstandings which breed injustice. Progress in the South calls for white capitulation to the mandafe of the court, without stalling, with cooperation among the leaders of both races.

The Negroes have shown remarkable to date. They should not, out of growing impatience, yield to their extremists on the eve of victory by peaceful methods. ART HOLSCHER 805 CAPITOL ST. NE But what did the Assembly do to these boards? It took away the Tuberculosis Hospital from the Board of Control and gave it to the Board of Higher Education. And it scattered functions of the Land Board among other state agencies.

Then it raised the salaries of the governor, the secretary of state and the state treasurer. S1 I One of the areas of controversy in the field of education is what should be provided in vocational and technical courses. Diversion of young men from has put in question the proportion being spent for such instruction in high schools under the Smith-Hughes Act. The changes in trades make questionable teaching of many crafts in schools. Automation threatens skills which once wre subjects of training.

Finally the big question is, in this period of fast-changing technology what should be taught in the way of vocational preparation. The Ford Foundation wants to help find some answers to these questions. It has been very generous with grants for studies in academic education for instance its grant for the Oregon study of teaching now being conducted. It has been very generous with grants for colleges. Now it is putting some of its Phone 363-7921 11111 111 INIVItNCI.

I 1 ST ATI FARM INSURANCE COMPANIES Hem OfTkes: lleomington, IUmt ft ft iSr ft ft ft ft ft The extent to which inflation devalues the basic money of a nation can reach ridiculous extremes. In Yugoslavia, for instance, the one-dinar piece is worth only one-seventh of a cent. In Belgrade, it is said the thing to do with a dinar is to bore four holes in it and sell it for five dinars as a button. mmmmmmmsm U.S. Debt Lid of Little Worth mm PUS ST.

(NON-COUPniTIVE) By SYLVIA PORTER Financial Analyst NEW YORK Congress has completed the spring rite of "flagellation of the bookkeepers." the U. S. Treasury now has permission to borrow money to pay the bills Congress itself has run up, an "unthinkable" national financial crisis has been averted at literally the last minute, and the mess won't become front-page news again until August. the power to say "yes" or "no" to the spending programs. It is the state of the U.

S. economy which basically determines whether taxes collected on our paychecks and profits will be sufficient to cover the spending program Congress votes. It is the Treasury which raises the money to finance the approved programs. If our paychecks and profits produce enough tax income to cover the outgo, all the "bookkeepers" need to do is use the tax money to pay the bills. If our paychecks and profits do not produce enough tax income to cover the outgo, the bookkeepers must borrow the funds and thereby increase the national debt.

There are no other alternatives. The debt ceiling is a traditional symbol of restraint on government spending. It does compel the country to face up to the extent to which government spending is exceeding income and thus forcing borrowing which raises the debt, but It does not limit the spending. There isn't a congressman who doesn't know that if he wants to curb the rise in the national debt, he can do so via his votes on spending programs and taxes. There isn't a Congressman who doesn't know that, if bis votes create a deficit in the budget, the Treasury must borrow to finance it and boost the debt.

There isn't a Congressman who doesn't know that when he votes against a boost in the debt limit made imperative by his own actions, he is just indulging in "flagellation of the bookkeepers." Here's the record of debt ceilings under the GOP administration ef Eisenhower and the Democratic administration of Kennedy to date. In billions. MW 8, Main Post Office Church State Salem, Oregon More than 4,000 Peace Corps Volunteers are needed to meet urgent requests from developing nations in South America, Africa and Asia. To be" considered for training programs beginning in June, July and August, you should take the non-competitive placement test June 8. Either send a completed application to the Peace Corps before the test, or fill one out and submit it at the time you take the test For an application, or more information, write the Peace Corps, or see your local Postmaster.

To put it in financial terms: Congress has voted to hike the ceiling on the public debt from a strangling $305 billion to $307 billion until July and to $309 billion between July 1 and Aug. 31. Had Congress not done this a week ago, the public debt could have pierced the ceiling last Friday, and technically, part of our govern-moor's debt might have become illegal. Had this occurred, it is conceivable that the legality of some of this nation's I.O.U.s could have been Pknnr 364-6811 Published vfrv morning of the year it 780 Church st N't. Sa-fern Ore Tel IMfifll! (Second class pontage paid at Salem.

Oreron SUBSCRIPTION RATES By earrter in rtttet and on many rural rimtes: Dailv and Sunday SI net mn Daily only SI So per mo Sifnday only 1" week mall Daily ana Sunday: In Oregon 1 75 per mo. 4.00 three mo. 7 50 six mo. $13 00 vear In 0.S. outside Oregon $1.75 per mo.

By mail Sunday only I 10 week (la advance) S3 -SO rear MEMBBB Audit Bureau of Circulation Bureau of Advertising ANPA Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association AJvtrmini Representative! KELSON RUBER f5 ASSOC! ATF.S TOC San Francisco WARD GRIFFITH CO. New York MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press la entitled exclusively' to the as ef all local news, printed ftq this newspaper. 1 Top" Jaffa successfully challenged in the courts and chaos Port8r might have resulted. Even "Mr. Debt Limit" himself Virginia's Democratic Senator Byrd admits this.

As a lid on U. S. Government spending, the debt ceiling has been a monumental failure since it was initially placed at $28 billion in 1918. With minor interruptions, it has gone up and up and up and the all-time record of $309 billion went stand long either. The ceiling must be raised by many billions more in later summer.

As Treasury Secretary Dillon cried out when be was pleading with the lawmakers to raise the limit on time, "let no one labor under the delusion that the debt ceiling is either a sane or effective Instrument for control of federal expenditure Yes, and let no one hide from these realities: It is the administration which proposes the U. S. Government budget, and It Is in the Whit House that most spending program originate. It la Congress which votes the spending which has swelled lur budget the biggest ever, Congress and Congress alone hat IS Year President Permanent Ceiling "Temporary" Ceiling 1955 Eisenhower $275 $281 1956 Eisenhower $275 $278 1953 Eisenhower $283 $288 1959 Eisenhower $285 $295 1960 Eisenhower $285 $293 1961 Kennedy $283 $293 1962 Kenned $285 $300 1962 Kennedy $285 $308 1963 Kennedy $285 $307-309 1963 Kennedy $285 Veterans Open State Conclave GRANTS PASS AP)- The ninth annual state convention of the Veterans of World War I will open Thursday at the Josephine County fairgrounds. There will be a banquet Friday night and election of officers Saturday, Washington 25, D.

C. Pjj Pubiianed as a public service in cooperation with The Advertising Council Test also In Albany, and Monmouth Sea Your Local Pofmate. (Distributed 1963, by The Han Syndicate, Inc.) (All BlfhU -Reserved).