The Minneapolis Journal from Minneapolis, Minnesota • Page 14

wWWn large photographs from the big collection exhibited by the Swedish Tourist association (Svenska Turist Foreningen) in the Swedish pavilion at the world's fair have been sent to Minneapolis for the purposo of calling attention to the attractions offered by Sweden to the tourists, sportsmen and professional and business men weary of toil and longing for rest. The collection is at the office of Nils Nilson, general American representative of the association, with headquarters 0t 100 Washington avenue 8, and will remain there about a month, when thev will continue their travels. Nearly all of the photographs are 18x24 inches, and their general range is shown in the accompanying reproductions. The flagged back into submission or death. So deep" was their subserviance deep was their subservianc that hen a wee girl of ten, I used to tell how I hated the bad, flogging government, my old peasant nurse would beg to whisper." Ernest Poole, the writejr of this character study, savs: "The Russian revolutionary movement is embodied in this one heroic figure.

Daughter of a nobleman an earnest philanthropist then revolutionist, hard-laboi convict and exile for twenty-three vears and now a heroic old woman of 61, she has plunged again into the dangerous struggle for freedom. Katherine Bereshkovskv learned to think earlv and noted the incongruity between the ethical teachings of the church and the life about her. Her father, who was a man of broad, liberal ideas, helped her in her thinking. She was absorbed in social science, and by 16 had read much of Voltaire, Diderot and Rousseau, and knew the French revolution by heart. She was well trained in French and German.

"Fired by such ideals," she said, I saw the poor, degraded slaves around me, and longed to see them free. At first I believed that freedom could be reached thru the government. No revolutionary spirit had yet been kindled. It was the first great era of the liberalists. The abolition of serfdom1 was soon to be effected trial by to be instituted and these promised reforms sent a social impulse sweeping thru Russia.

I was thrilled bv the lad news I read of thousands going the peasants as doctors, schoolteachers and nurses 1 read of agricultural schools opened and of model farms laid out all teachnig the peasant to be free. Filled with voung enthusiasm, I opened a little school near our estate. I found the peasant an abject creature, wno grasped not even the meager rights he alreadv had. He could think only of his mud hut and his plot of ground. As for government, he knew only that in peace he must pav monev in war, lives.

The new rumors had kindled his old heart-deep hope of freedom. The twenty peasants in my school, like the 50,000,000 in Russia, suspected that the proclamation had been hidden, and often went to the landowners demanding their freedom. At last the manifesto arrived." But the freedom was a mere mockery that turned the peasant off from the land of his lord to which he had been bound, to be free and starve upon worthless land. When he refused to accept freedom such a price, he was perBuaded by the knout. Bleeding and exhausted, the peasants gave in, after a struggle of five years.

Mnie. Bereshkovsky now saw how ineffectual were her and that tremendous economic and political changes were necessary, but still thought only of reform. To seels m0m Saturday Evening, DEVOTED HER LIFE TO CAUSE OFRUSS FREEDOM SWEDEN A PICTURESQUE LAND FOR THE TEA VELER FROM ABROAD Katherine Bereshkovsky, the Prophetess of the Russian Revolutionary Party, Now in This Country, Tells of the Struggles of Herself and CotnradesShe Is 61 Years Old Spent 23 Years as a Convict, tecentlv the Outlook published a studv of Katherine Jtussian revolutionist now in this conn try. It opened with the following prophetic woi ds I "Now, in a few months they will rise by millions. We shall sweep away the system of the and Bussia shall be free.

Sec she showed me bulletins that had followed her to New York. Day and night thev ork. Iu place of sleep, a dieam of freedom in place of warmth and food and drink, the same dream. This dream is old in American breasts." i "More than fiftv vears ago," she becan. Russia lay asleep.

The peasants, sta' ved, bowed low and staggering, broke out onlv here and there to burn an estate or butcher a landlord, to be Castles of Feudal Times and Other Scenes Inland and by Rivers, Lakes and Seas Illustrated in Large Photographs Brought to Minneapolis From the World's Fair. forest lake near Battvik, showing a woodland tarn surrounded by birches, the modest peasant cottage and a group of girls in their picturesque dress, is but one of a series of charming scenes. Of unusual interest are the scenes along the Gotha canal, one of the most interesting and remarkable waterways in the world, thru which, by way of Maelar lake, Sodertelge canal, the Baltic sea in lee of the islands, East Gotha (Ostgota) canal, Lake Vettern, Lake Viken, west Gotha canal, Lake Venern, Trollhatta canal and Gotha river, the trip may be made across Sweden from Stockholm to Gothenburg in a manner and style not obtainable anywhere else. The trip occupies about two and a half days and is made in GRIPSHOLM CASTLE. TV KATHEBINE BEBESHKOVSKY, Leader of Russian Revolutionaries, Now in This Country.

T' dance, at the age of 19, she went to St. Petersburg. There she entered the central group of liberalistsmen and women of noble birth, the most highly educated people in Russia. Later, returning home, she married a libeial, broadminded land-owner, who took a deep interest in the zemstvo, the district moot, and established for his wife a peasants' agricultural school that interested several of the younger landowners. Thts was her last attempt at liberal reform.

How aKtherine Bereshkovsky passed over to the revolutionary movement, she tells in this way: "It is a poor patriot who will not thoroly try nis government before he rises against it. We searched the laws This was the beginning of revolution and the dscovery, arrest and tral of a revolutionary group in 1871 was the first great event in a long struggle for freedom. Katherine Bereshkovsky was at this time 26 years old and saw where her future tended. She frankly told her husband and asked him if he was willing to suffer exile or death in the cause tof freedom. When he said no, she left "bim, going to Kief to join a revolutionary group.

She began soon a campaign oi education among the modern comfortable steamers, manned by the politest of sailors. Thru an everchanging scenery of river, lake and sea, islands, meadows and forest, past pretpastoral scenes, historical ruins and feudal castles still in use, the trip offers unusual variety, beside which the Rhine trip is tame in comparison. There are locks along the route, enabling the traveler an hour or two in which to visit Trollhatta falls, one of the grandest in Europe Forsvik, Vadstena castle, Motala and Vreta cloister, while stops are made at various small and picturesque towns along the route. The collection contains four scenes from Stockholm, two being from the famous outdoor museum Skansen, four from Dalecarlia (Dalarne) three scenes eling from village to village in disguise. By 1871 there weie over 2,000 rducated persons spreading the gospel ot freedom in this way.

Tn this same year Katherine Bereshkovsky was denounced to the police by a servant spy, and her exile ot twentythree years began. Of the present conditions the martyr to freedom says: "The social revolutionist party, of which I am a member, began only five years ago-, but it is now the most promising the growing struggle for freedom. Like the social democrats, we strive for the socialist commonwealth. But, unlike them, we believe that to secure our freedom the first step is to off the system of the czar. To this standardfreedom by revolution members from all parties rally.

To the peasant we teach the old lesson. To reach freedomfirst, the land must be owned by the people second, the system of the czar must be swept awav. There is not a province in Russia where our literature does not go. The underground mails run smoothly now. Scores of presses work ceaselesslv in Switzerland, safe from capture.

Not to take useless risks, our central committee is scattered all thru Russia Any Woman Can Become an Ex pert With the Needle and in and edicts, and found certain scant and or any other graded school work, th at long-neglected peasants' rights of local suffrage and then we began showing the peasants how to use these rights they already had. They crowded to the local elections and began electing as ludges, arbiters, and other officials the liberals who honestly held the peasants' interest at heart. But when the more despotic landowners were ousted from the zemstvo and lost their source of (to use your their leader denounced us the minister of the interior as a band of conspirators. Several of us were exiled to Siberia, my husband and I were put under police surveillance, and my father was deposed from office, without trial, as a 'dangerous for allowing such criminals to be at large. Punished as criminals for teaching the peasant his legal rights, we saw the government it was, the system of corruption, watching jealously thru spies and secret police, that their peasant victim might not be taught anything that could make him think or act as a man." Garment Drafting by the Aid of Mrs.

Margaret J. Helpful Manuals. I One of the best contributions to practical knowledge by a Minnesota woman is the set of sewfng manuals by Mrs. Margaret J. Blair of the Minnesota School of Agriculture.

Mrs. Blair is- 0 sued the results of her system of teachmg sewing and garment making and drafting first a number of years ago in a single volume. The elaborated system she now treats in two manuals which have just been published in an attrac-1W tive and satisfactory dress by the Webb Publishing company of St. Paul. These i are "Sewing and Garment Drafting," and "Exercises in Hand Sewing." Mrs.

Blair has been the director of sewing at the agricultural school since it became a coeducational institution. More recently the department of household art has been combined with that of sewing, broadening the scope of the instruction. Mrs. Blair also has the same department in the University of Minnesota summer school. Thru her pupils, her svstem has been widely disseminated, as well as by the recognition accorded to it thru other channels.

I is so admirably adapted to public school of Mount Knebekaiee and glacier, five Lapland pictures showing reindeer herds and landscapes, Views of Trollhatta, Trollholm, Kabttar, and Gripsholm castles, th famous walls of Visby, that ancient Hanseatic city, Tannfors, Indals and Angerman rivers, views from Skania, the west coast and among the fisherfolk. Gripsholm castle, built in 1537 by the famous one of the best preserved and interesting of the old of dating back to feudal times. I is located near the town of Mariefred on of Malaren and is one of recommended by tourists visiting Stockholm. Among the many interesting features of the castle is the famous portrait gallery, containing in a chronological order a long line of statesmen and other historical persons, famous in Swedish history. With its four towers and its double line of walls, it is a typical castle of the middle ages and in its picturesque setting of trees and water forms a splendid and never forgotten picture.

YARDMinM ED TO MAN COLONELS Mississippi's Governor Appointed Eighteen and Five Must Return Pay. Jackson, Jan. 28.A biff stir has been created among the members of the governor's military staff over a ruling that some of them must return to the general the pay given them for the time spent in camp at Biloxi last The trouble the fact that the governor has a larger stand than that provided for'by the military laws of the state, which provide for onlv thirteen members. The governor made appointments from time to time preceding the Biloxi encampment until he formed a staff of eighteen members, and all of them were paid for the time spent in camp at Biloxi, according to their rank. Altho very few of he staff officers had ever before been attired in military regalia, they were given pay according to the insignia on their shoulder straps, and Uncle Sam is now asking them to pay back about $500 on the ground that Paymaster General Walter Weaver had authority to pay only thirteen staff officers.

Just who will be affected by the ruling has not yet been determined, but the will doubtless be regulated according to precedence of appointment. At any rate, Uncle Sam wants his money' back, and it must be forthcoming. According to Major Dowdy, the United States regular army officers stationed with the Mississippi national guard, it will be impossible to hold an encampment during the coming summer unless the commissioned officers forego the pleasure of drawing pay, as not enough mone.y is in sight to defray the i expenses of an encampment, and Adju-1 tant General Fridge has made a report to this effect to the war department. thru cipher letters and. directs the local committees, which in turn guide the small local committees, and so down to the little peasant and laborer groups that meet tonight by thousands in huts and city tenements.

Few believe in assassination. Revolution by the whole people is our one object, and for this the time is near. The Japanese war Jias caused est bitterness 4 If- it has been extensively adopted all over the country. This was the means of calling the 'first manual into existence, as Mrs. Blair was unable personally to direct the introduction of her system in the many places desiring it altho she has done much work in organizing sewing departments in schools and in lecturing on the systematic, thoro and intelligent teaching of sewing.

The "Manual of Exercises" is designed for public schools and beginners. It gives explicit directions for every stitch and process of sewing and each is illustrated by a picture or a sampler, showing the work. "Sewing and Garment Drafting" takes up the work at the stage when pupils have acquired a proficiency in all kinds of stitches. A practical application of these is made and a study of materials for sewing is outlined before entering upon Work in garment-drafting. Tne study of materials is of much value, teaching how to judge and treat all kinds of fabrics.

The system of drafting is a most satisfactory one, sucn as is taught individually at large expense and the directions and charts are so clear that no one should have anj trouble in learning it without an instructor. "With this book, tlie woman skilled with her needle or able to become so, can readily fit herself for all kinds of home dressmaking and sewing. The work covered by these two manuals is taught in the agricultural school classes, which correspond to high school work. Mrs. Blair also has the pupils 8 Stopkyell MOBThat life toror- the college of Mutual.

deep il 664,000, -less nos will be adde.a hamlet will mourn Then will oui' 400,000 workers- call on the millions around them to rige for freedom. Arms? There are plenty. Why in recent riots have soldiers' refused to fire on the crowd? Because all thru the army are soldiers and even officers working secretly for the cause. Armsyes, and brainsfor in the universities and in every profession are wise, resolute men to guide the wild passions of revolt, in the zemstvos are hundreds of officials straining to hasten our struggle. So in this last year the movement has swelled.

Already 400,000 strong? and night they work. In place of sleep and food and drinki dom. Freedom to 2 it rarely meets, but it constantly plans Freedom to work! Justice to all!" IIIOW TO BO HOME DRESSMAKING the dream of freethink and speak! MBS. MAHGABET J. BLAIR, Director of Sawing and Household Art at the Minnesota School and College of Agriculture.

becoming. are carefully planned with their figures, and above all the necessity for scrupulous personal neatness is emphasized. Just now the knowledge acquired in two years' training is being applied by the girls in making their dainty White graduating gowns, mrs. Blair is directing the fashion of thirty-six of these. The special household art course, deals LIS JOIIRNAIJ.

Special to The Journal. Madison, 28.Of all Norwegian settlements in America, memorable for their romantic early history and traditions, the most interesting, most famous and most beloved is found in eastern Dane county, a dozen miles from Madison, and bears the beautiful Indian name, Koshkonong." I was Day' for years the Mecca of thousands of pilgrims from Norway, and became sort of mother colony to the younger Norwe gian settlements of the west. From Koshkonong have gone forth nearly all of the Norwegian-Americans whose achievements have made them conspicuous. Senator Knute Nelson of Minnesota spenth is boyhood there. Professor Rasmus B.

Anderson, the well KOSHKONONG-MOTHER COLONY OF NORWEGIAN SETTLEMENTS Boyhood Home of Senator Nelson, Professor Anderson, as governor of South Dakota, were born on Koshkonong prairie. The old settlement was also the starting point of Victor F. Lawson, publisher of the Chicago Eecord-Herald, whose real name is Larson, and of former Governor Andrew E. Lee of South Dakota. Professor Julius E.

Olson of the University of Wisconsin, a Norwegian of distinction, grew to manhood in the same place, and many others of might be mentioned. The settlement derives its name from Lake Koshkonong, which lies just beyond the southern boundary, and from beautiful Koshkonong creek, which winds southward along the eastern limit. The plowshare turns to the sun a dark rich loam on Koshkonong prairie, and the landscape is one of the loveliest in Wisconsin. given technical training in the industrial arts taught in the public schools, includinfg sewing, their wa a strange wild re- HcHnn how to dress and'Kfi inhabitedy bthru nf whaUs People who could not understand Nbr- study the harmony of colors, and wnaus tion of the farm h6fer without creating dissatisfaction with it. fijr5at the ma makA wegian.

so tneyy ciuDDeci togetne an Former Governors Herreid and Lee, and Many Others Distinguished in Public Life, toown Mhol'aF and iu'thof, and two milesfrom the spot where Charles N. Herreid, who has just retired Genesis of the Settlement. Koshkonong is a name to conjure with among the Norwegians of the great northwest, and the genesis of the beloved settlement is of extraordinary interest to them. The best authority on the early history of Koshkonong is Nels A. Lee," a gray-haired pioneer historian of Deerfield, who was inspired bv Senator Knute Nelson, his friend and neighbor, to make a careful investigation of the subject and from him the winter has learned the following.

In the fall of 1839 Nels Larson Bolstad, Nels Sjurson Gilderhus and Magne Bottolfson Bystol, immigrants from Voss, Norway, who were living ternporarily in La Salle county, Illinois, resolved to go to Wisconsin in search of homesteads. They wished to live on timber land, near lakes and streams. In Illinois no more timber land was to be had from the government, but in Wisconsin, according to report, there was an abundance. These three newcomers had not yet mastered the English language and felt rather uncertain as to their abilitv to savage Indians and bbed togetherr anda cm with the home-making and furnishing, there without much difficulty and the family Kfe and is both practi- they procured maps and much informa- cal in its suggestions and inspiring in tion as to the interior of Wisconsin, the ideals set up. The directions are which was then a wild territory, with planned on very simple living, in order but few white inhabitants.

They not to create false standards of luxury, bent their steps westward Kosh- but the principles fit equally well in ponong prairie in Dane county. After stol was obliged, for some reason, to strong, fearless Norwegian, who had learned to speak English. Magne Bystay behind, and onlv three set out. Tramped Thru Wilderness. Himle, Bolstad and Gilderhus started on foot for Milwaukee and arrived there without much difficulty.

Ther site of Cambridge. Mr. Snell, the proprietor of this frontier hostelry, was a hardy pioneer, a- sort of Daniel Boone, who encouraged the three Norwegians to push on to Koshkonong and how to proceed and instructed them as to government markings'' stakes and Deerfield. Founders of a Settlement. These three men were the first Norwegians to set foot on Koshkonong soil and they became the founders or this famous settlement, a fact which gives them an important place in NorwegianAmerican pioneer history.

Having selected suitable land, Gilderhus, Bolstad and Himle returned to Illinois to spend the winter. They told about their journey to their Norwegian friends and aroused great interest in the new promised land they had found in Wisconsin. The next spring, in 1840, Gilderhus and Bolstad again set out for Koshkonong, by Magne Bystol and Andrew Fenre. They rode in wagons drawn by oxen and took with them all their belongings. The grass was just beginning to grow when they started, and in April they reached their destination.

Some of them walked to Milwaukee and "filed their claims" in the land office there on the 6th day of 1840. Hardships of First Winter. The first habitation of these four pioneers was a large log Cabin, which they speedily erected after their arrival. They built it rather carelessly, neglecting to insure warmth by plastering mud or mortar between the logs, so, when winter came, they were at the mercy of the cold. Every day, when they had finished their work outside, they would lie down on their beds ana cover up with robes to protect themselves from the cold winds.

At last their condition became intolerable, and they dug a cellar to live in during the rest of the winter. That was warm and served as their winter residence for several years. The big log cabin became in time the property of Erick Lee, the father of former Governor Lee of South Dakota, and the future executive lived in this rmde dwelling while a boy. In 1841 these pioneers began to separate. Bolstad built a log hut in Deerfield township, where he lived till his death in 1865.

Gilderhus also erected a log cabin in Deerfield, but removed in 1856 to Minnesota. He died in the eighties in North Dakota. His was a restless spiritthe spirit a typical frontiersman, who shuns civilization. Magne Bystol sold his Koshkonong farm in 1856 and wnt to Minnesota, dying there a score of years ago. Andrew Fenne stayed in Wisconsin until 1849, when he caught the gold fever and went to California.

He was never heard of again--4 gelect-land advised themUrmal A second Second Group of Pathfinders. All of these pathfinders were Vossingsformer residents of Voss, Norwayand formed a distinct group on Koshkonong. Only a month after their HISTORICAL SOCIETY. which stood at the corner of every knoll overlooking Koshkonong creek, quarter section, giving the number of each. After resting for two days at the tavern, the wanderers continued westward and soon emerged from the woods out upon Kosnkoning prairie.

The land seemed to them exceedingly beautiful here they saw a little stretch of meadow, where flocks could feed there they saw a clump of timber, affording fuel, rails for fences and logs for houses. Near by flowed Koshkonong creek, teeming with fish. For two days they roamed over the prairie. Finally they selected land homeseekers located on Koshkonong. They were Bjorn Anderson and family, Lars Olson Dugstad, Thorstein Olson Bjaadland and Aamund Anderson, who were all from Stavanger, Norway.

They entered land in the town of Albion, about ten miles south from where the four Vossings had settled. Their leader was Bjorn, Anderson, the father of Professor R. B. Anderson. He died in, 1850 in an epidemic of cholera, which, carried off a large numbeT-of Koshkon.

ong people. Only one other Norwegian came to Koshkonong in 1840, and that was Gunnul Olson Vindeg, who ascended Koshkonong creek in a boat and selected a piece of land in the town of Christiana. He was a most peculiar man and the part he played in the early history of the settlement is shrouded in mystery. The little log cabin, which he built on a was for many years a most interesting landmark. M.

W. Odland. BISHOP ROWE A HERO CHURCHMAN WHO SUFFERED MUCH I THE FAR NORTH COM- ING TO MINNEAPOLIS. BIGHT BEV. PETEB BOWZ, Episcopal Bishop of Alaska, and a 5 Famous Pioneer Missionary.

Rt. Bev. Peter Bowe, Episcopal bishop of Alaska, and a famous pioneer missionary, is the guest of Bishop Edsall, and will preach tomorrow evening at the Gethsemane chureh. Altho the bishop has been known as, a zealous churchman for twenty years, it was not until last March that the hardships and perils that he has endured in Alaska became known to the world. In his work in the new lands he has traveled with the trapper, the miner and the explorer, and there is scarcely a corner in the desolate and dreary' north that the bishop has not visited.

Last March the bishop made a tour of visitation, accompanied by two other men, one being a mail carrier. The snow was deep, making the trip difficult and perilous. The three men wandered from the trail and the man that was to have furnished the provisions. For three days they lived in wasteCtheir only food being a few wild, rabbits that the bishop shot. They covered the entire 500 miles of the unpeopled and untraveled region from Fairbanks to Valdez, breaking the trail as they went.

The temperature for the greater part of the distance was 70 degrees and the bishop froze his face and hands severely. In spite of their troubles they picked up some starving Indians and shared their food with them. Before reaching Valdez the food supply for the dogs gave out and several of the faithful animals were shot. They, reached Valdez in a blizzard, which threatened to destroy the town itself. Mn 1903 smallpox occurred in fifty departments of France, out of seventvseven from which returns were -re-.