Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic from Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England • 8

GARDENING NOTES. (Specially contributed to the Cheltenham A GARDEN OF FLOWERS. In our notes last week we referred to a few popular flowers that can be easily raised from Ted are favourites in ever, garden of anv importance. There are others, however, which are as indispensable in the Bower garden as hyacinths and tulips are in arrangements. Take for insanee the well known stocks aud nd St ss season of bloom.

These plant, ure the best raised on a gentle hotbedl, or the seed may be sown in boxes and placed in the greenhouse; but by this plan the ants never romc so strong nor as stiff and sturdy, need not enter into particular detail resipecting the making of a hotbed the main thing is to guard against sowing the seed while the "cat too strong. When the bed is made and the frame is placed upon it, be about six or eight inches of soll the frame. The seed may be sown in.drills or broadcast; but in either case thinis, and then, as the seedlings grow, there is room tor them to develop. When the seed is sown the frame should be kept in total darkness nntil the seedlings begin to appear, when they gradually be exposed to the light, an air must be given to the frame, fhe hotbed will be found most useful in every villa and suburban and in every ether ace where flowers are largely grown. Besides raising our stocks and asters, wecanraise our iinnias and all kinds of half hardy annuals, hardy biennials, and j''" uials may be raised with advantage, eluding pinks, carnations, dahlias, phloxes, hollyhocks, and a large number of biennial.

and be raised on a small hotbed at very little cost, which during their acason of bloom will make the garden Tupremely beautiful. When all danger of frost is over, the plants may be plaeed their blooming quarters, first ground by careful digging and rich manuring. Both stocks and asters maybe grown in clumps 011 the herbaceous border; but to develop all their good points they arethc-best planted on beds by themselves. The asters are liable to the attacks of green-fly, which must be cheeked on its first appearance, or it will considerably damage the plantsj. Water dry weather, and when the plants are (airly established give them manure water tccasionally.

Next in importance to the ftocks and asters are the ZINNIAS. In the cultivation of the linma we have always found it the safest plan to sow the seed in small pots, for when sown in drills on the hotbed they are somewhat difficult to transplant. We sow two or three seeds in a three inch pot, and finally thin them to one or two plants in each pot. If, however, they are sown ou a hotbed, they may be potted singly as soon as they are ready to handle, and when five or six inehes high placed in their blooming quarters. In transplanting on to beds, they should have plenty of space one foot apart, and even at this distance the branches will overlap each other during their season of bloom.

Zinnias should be treated to separate beds; the soil should be deep and rich, and when the plants have fairly started into growth the ground should be mulched with rotten manure or the materials of a spent mushroom bed. Beds of minnias are not only ornamental in the flower garden, but the flowers arc valuable for cutting purposes. Another favourite flower in small gardens, and one not to be despised in those of larger pretensions, is the SWEET WILLIAM. This is a well-known hardy biennial, Found Tn many cottage gardens, and which produces largeTeads tf rich and beautifully coloured flowers that make an imposing displaj. Ihe seed should bo sown in early spring in tne open ground, and when the seedlings ajre large enough to handle they should be planted in rows six inches from each other, and the plants three inches apart the rows.

They may be planted in their blooming quarters during the autumn or following spring. The sweet william will be found adapted for the mixed border, where it can be grown in strong clumps, or it will make an excellent bed when grown by itself. This is one of the plants which the hybridist has taken special pains with during the last few years and now we have perfect flowers, with clearly defined eyes and the colours the most imposing and gorgeous. The seed should be obtained from a good firm. PHLOX DRUMMONDII.

Perhaps of all the tender annuals we have none to surpass in brilliancy of colouring what is known as Drummond Phlox. it was first introduced into this country from Texas in 1835, when the flowers were small; but since that date it has been greatly improved, and to-day it is one of the most popular flowers in the flower garden. The seed should be sown in early spring with other tender annuals in boxes on the hotbed, and when the seedlings are large enough, prick them off singly into other boxes, that they may gain strength previous to planting in their blooming quarters. They make splendid beds by themselves, or strong clumps on the mixed border produce a fine effect. In either case the ground should be in good heart, and when good rich root runs are provided, the plants grow strong, they defy the drought, and they will continue blooming nntil the last remnant of summer has passed away.

In our leading catalogues we have many colours advertised, including pure white, blush, scarlet, crimson, rose, pink, yellow, and violet; but we would advise the amateur to secure a mixed packet of Phlox Drummondii grandiflora, and if it comcs from a good firm it will include all the leading varieties in colour, habit, anil general adaptability for flower garden ornamentation. GODETIAS. Of these easily-grown annuals we cannot say too much. They are really magnificent flowers, blooming for a long period during the summer season, and retaining their loveliness for several days when cut and placed in vases of water. There are several of the godetias which are worthy of a place in the flower garden, including Gloriosa, a new variety of great merit; Lady Albermarle, Bridesmaid.

Duchess of Albany, and Satin Rose. All these are free-flowering annuals, adapted for small beds as well as for growing in masses or clumps. They are also valuable for the margins of shrubberies and the herbaceous border. They produce a profusion of conspicuous cup shaped flowers of brilliant colours. The seeds may be sown in the open ground any time during March or April where the plants are intended to bloom.

Sow the seed thinly, and when the seedlings are an inch high thin them out freely, and let the individual plants stand several inches from cacb other, VERONICA. These are stately herbaceous plants, which are not so much known as they deserve. They throw up numerous spikes of dark blue flowers from one to two feet high. Such varieties as Veronica spicata and Veronica longifolia stand in the front rank amongst late summer blooming plants. Veronica gentianoides, which blooms earlier in the season, is found occasionally in cottage gardens, and V.

Candida has beautiful grey or silvery foliage, and is frequently used for the margin of the beds and for divisional purposes in pattern borders. Besides being used a foliage plant, it throws up spikes of coloured flowers about twenty inches high. Several varieties are also useful for rockwork. Their trailing habit renders them specially adapted for this kind of embellishment. Of these we have repens and prostrata.

They produce a soft carpet of the most exquisite greenery, which, in its turn, is smothered with bright masses of brilliant blue flowers. The herbaceous varieties are propagated fcy the division of the roots any time during winter, or they may be increased by cuttings just when the plants are beginning to grow. Although they will grow in any common garden soil, yet they are very much improved by liberal culture, the ground being well and deeply dug and liberally manured previous to planting. R. CHARLTON KINGS HORTICULTURAL AND COTTAGE GARDEN SOCIETY.

Between sixty and seventy persons were present in the Lyefield Schools on Wednesday evening to hear the fourth and final lecture of the series given by Mr. G. H. Hollingwortb. the County Council Instructor in Horticulture.

There was a very nice display of flowers, which had been furnished by Messrs. Morrell, Pratt, and Preston, and Mrs. Walton. Mr. Horace Edwards was chairman of the evening.

He said that all who attended the meeting were well repaid, for Mr. Hollingworth was a lecturer from whom all may learn. Nowhere in the county, taid Mr. Edwards, were there finer average flowers, fruit, and are to be found in Charlton Kings, and this result must be to a large extent attributed to the good influences of the Charlton Kings Gardening Society. Mr.

Edwards then called attention to the magnificent silver cup which Mrs. Griffiths is kindly presenting to the society as a prize for the best exhibit of Alpine and rock plants, open to all comers. Mr. Hollingworth, in his opening remarks, also referred to the beautiful trophy which was on view for an exhibit in a class which formed the subject of a lecture by Mrs. Griffiths to the society a month ago.

Further, he said that the Charlton Society had in the past always borne in mind and made a prominent feature of the fact that it was a cottage garden and amateurs' society first and foremost. Referring to the garden competitions of last year, Mr. Hollingworth said that the judging of gardens was one of the finest works of the society, for whilst it is possible to produce specimens of vegetables suitable for exhibition purposes and thus cater for one or two sides of garden work, yet in the case of garden competitions the gardens are taken as a whole. As a judge with Mr. Lusty of the gardens of Charlton Kings, and after an intimate acquaintance of gardens throughout the county and even further afield, he must place the Charlton gardens as a whole amongst the best he had ever seen anywhere.

The flower gardens, too, were admirable. The great thing was to make the garden competitions as educational as possible, and in the judging of the vegetable gardens points were given for individual crops, also for arrangement as a whole. Cleanliness, too, was taken into account. Intending competitors in this class this season should endeavour to have as large a number of utility crops in the garden as possible, such as potatoes, pod-bearing broad beans, French beans, scarlet greens for summer and winter use, herbs, etc. The lecturer said unhesitatingly that whether a competitor for gardens won a prize or not he gained through entering for the competition from the different manner in which he treated the garden.

Turning to the subject of the lecture, "Popular Flowers," Mr. Hollingworth remarked that this was a very extensive subject and that he would only deal with a few flowers which the majority of people can grow. At the outset he said that one thing calling for notice was the development to be noted in certain classes of flowers. Therefore it is as well to specialise by taking a few simple flowers and confining attention almost solely to these. It is speciality which has given us many of our flowers.

The tastes of one individual differ from those of another; but perhaps of all flowers roses appeal to a larger community than any others. They are grown in all kinds of places and by all kinds of people. He instanced a little whitewashed cottage hidden away in the trees away from roads and at some distance from any other habitation which he was acquainted with in the Forest of Dean. In this garden he found a fine and up-to-date collection of standard rose trees of many of the latest and most beautiful kinds. The occupier, when he read in the gardening papers of any new rose of importance, was wont to obtain buds, yvhich he worked in briers himself.

Evidently, said Mr. Hollingworth, this man had a very strong attraction for this particular kind of flower. It is peculiarly interesting for one to raise his own stock of roses by working briars. There is a fascination in watching the buds shoot forth and the tree gradually develop. Roses comprise many classes, standards, bush, tea, perpetuals.

climbing, and frcm an amateur's point of vieyv form a desirable study. Dealing next with violets, these were described as suitable for culture in heat, in frsme, or outside by anyone who has a little room. Ho then dealt yvith the development of the violet family, and illustrated his remarks by specimens. In the first instance there is the simple white or purple violet which grows wild, then we have the Russian violet, the Czar, then further development is shewn in the Neapolitan violet, next the viola, and last the pansy. The tendency thus is to increase the size, but in doing this the flowers get more and more away from the original type, and the originality of the flower tends to be lost.

Dealing with the culture of violets, it was stated that a rude frame, the sides of which might even be made of spits of turf and a glass, would ensure a gorgeous and abundant display. If violets that have been raised in heat are left they deteriorate and tend to go beck to the original type. On the other hand, wild violets never deteriorate. The ease of cultivated and wild strawberries was also mentioned. Cultivated strawberries, if not given attention, would in course of time turn to ordinary wild ones, whilst wild strawberries never deteriorate.

Thus, in the case of forced violets, to keep the standard it is necessary to lift the plants, and in the case of double varieties do not let tliem produce runners. Ordinary wild violets delight in moist bottoms where partial shade may be enjoyed, and in the autumn and winter they are covered with decaying leaves from the vegetation around. This is the natural way of producing violets, and if nature is followed by choosing a suitable site for the plants and afterwards mulching with leaf mould in the autumn, good results may be obtained. The development of the zonal pelargorium was next dealt with, and Mr. Hollingworth remarked that the first specimen of a zonal pelargorium was said to have been found flowering in a cottage yvindow in London, where it had been placed by a sailor.

The plant was observed by a florist, who managed sfter some difficulty to obtain the specimen. The pelargorium was not a natural flower, and is commonly called the geranium. The geranium is simply a development of the wild crane's bill, found in abundance in our hedges. If a geranium be carefully examined many of the characteristics of the crane's bill will be found. Ivy-leaved geraniums were described as a most useful flower owing to their trailing habit.

A complete collection of scented leaved geraniums, too, is very interesting. The geranium is a most accommodating plant. In order, however, to get the best results it is advisable to have a couple of lot for blooming in spting and summer and another lot for winter. Winter-flowering geraniums arc most useful and interesting. To obtain these, strike by cuttings in the spring and keep potting on as needed.

When no fear of frost is felt, then the plants may ba stood ont of doors in a sunny position. The shoots require picking to keep the plant dwarf and not allowed to flower. At the end of summer such a plant put in a greenhouse or in a light window will flower profusely with fine showy blooms. Fuchsias are to be seen everywhere; there are single and double and large number of varieties. The fuchsia is deciduous, that is, it will lose its leaves in winter like the oak.

Allow it to drop its leaves and keep dry. In spring it will show when it wants to growagain. The great thing is to keep the plants sturdy. Where a greenhouse is available the plants may be raised from cuttings placed in a little light sandy soil, and if a little heat is possible, then the flowers will groyv straight on. The arum or Easter lily also requires a season of rest.

It is quite simple to grow either in a greenhouse or a suitable window. Two methods of treatment are usually employed and each gives good results. Some transplant after bloom and plant out for the limner; others never take out of the pots. After blossoming water should be gradually withheld, and it is no matter if the leaves fall off. Chrysanthemums were referred to, and the lecturer said there was now a tendency to grow single varieties like Mary Anderson and others.

Simple annuals like China asters may all be easily raised from seed. Nothing more showy or more useful for cutting can be had than this class furnishes. Ten-week stocks and their tendency to go back to single flowers was mentioned. Naturally double flowers are wished for, but there is always a percentage of single flowers. Double-flowering stocks never produce seeds.

Cinerarias were described as hardly falling within the ordinary range of the cottages and amateur, but where there is a small greenhouse this plant, and also cyclamen, were most useful. Cyclamen can be raised frcm seed and moved from frame to house. After flowering the plants should be repotted and placed in a frame, keeping the sun off, and by that means the best results are to be obtained. Annuals like sweet peas are very attractive when placed in clumps along the garden. In planting get well down in the ground; sow thinly.

Numerous varieties are to be obtained at a cheap rate. The sweet peas is a self-fertilising flower, and thus there is no difficulty in obtaining seed true to colour from one's own plants. When a variation in colour occurs this forms a sport." There are also a large number of hardy annuals which may be grown with pleasing effect when planted in 9mall patches of each. Placa manure under the (oiL The seed should only be covered lightly. Thin the planta out, and then you need not fear An eight-inch pot was described as a useful instrument to employ for making the patches regular in form.

Use it as a stamp. In conclusion, the lecturer gave some useful hints on staging flowers for exhibition purposes. saying that a natural effect should always be aimed at, and condemning in no stinted terms the use of Coards for staging blooms. Mr. G.

Maylam, in proposing a hearty vote of thanks, said that Mr. Hollingworth was a great friend of the society, and all who had attended the lectures must not only have got a lot of useful information, but also have been delighted with Mr. Hollingnorth's descriptions. The meeting thereupon accorded Mr. Hollingworth warm thank 6, who, in reply, said the present was not only the last of the ccurse, but also the conclusion of his lecturing tours throughout the county for the present session.

The meeting was one of his best audiences, and thanks were due to the kind friends who supplied the flowers with which he was able to illustrate his remarks. Thanks to Mr. Edwards, the chairman, concluded the meeting, after which schedules for the current year were distributed. SERIOUS FIRE IN CHELTENHAM. HAY AND STRAW STORES DESTROYED.

A huge column of smoke ascending from the direction of Lower High-street, Cheltenham, proclaimed far and wide on Saturday evening that a conflagration of considerable dimensions had broken out in that locality. The venue of the fire proved to be the large building situate between the drapery establishment of Mr. R. Roylanee in Lower Highstreet (which stands at the corner of Swindon street and is also a Post-office), and the new railway bridge in connection yvith the Cheltenham to Honeybourne line, which now spans the High-street at this point. The building, which belongs to Mr.

Walter R. Blizard, corn factor, of 240 High-street, is used for the storage of corn and forage, and at the rear are sundry sheds, stabling, aijd an engine-bouse, in yvhich is situate a vertical boiler. The greater part of the forage referred to yvas stored upon the second floor of the building, from which there is access both from the High-street and at the rear from Swindon-street. It was upon the second floor that at about 5.15 p.m. the fire broke out, and spread at such an alarming pace that the whole of the upper portion of the main building was quickly involved in ruin.

At the time mentioned Mr Blizard and two men in his employ, named Charles Underwood, of 2 Limerick-cottages, Waterloo-street, and Ernest Creese, were at work at the rear of the upper floor, when one of them suddenly noticed flames rising from the other end of the building. They all three rushed to the spot, and made a desperate effort by beating down the flames to check their spreading. The fight yvas, however, an altogether unequal one, but hoyv plucky was the attempt may be gathered from the fact that Underwood had his moustache considerably burnt. Nor yvere the efforts of those named and others who eame to their assistance and played on the flames with buckets of water of more avail. Summoned by telephone, Captain J.

Such, chief of the Fire Brigade, who resides near, was on the scene in a few minutes, quickly followed by the first-aid hose-cart, under Lieut. Mathews, aud the hose and laddercart, in charge of Sub-Lieut. Cossens, these being the duty division, and both of which came smartly into action from the toyvn service. Capt. Such, seeing the gravity of the situation, at once ordered up the reserve with the steamer Theobald," under Lieut.

Hariis, Sub-Lieut. Such, and Engineer James. Soon having steam up, her one-inch nozzles, with their tremendous pressure, quickly began to tell, and the roofing slates were seen flying about in the air like bits of paper. Fireman J. Pike at this juncture met with a nasty accident to his hand from the falling debris.

This was at once attended to by the brigade-surgeon, Capt. Mouat- Biggs, who was also on duty. The main work attempted by the firemen was to stein the spread of the flames, for the rcof of the main building had already collapsed, and the forage on the second floor was already ruined. The contents of the building included several tons of of which had been brought in the same large quantity of straw, and other forage. A small portion of this yvas situate on the ground floor, and this yvas saved before the damage which must have resulted either from fire or water had taken place.

As it transpired, the firemen, by a diligent application of water, were able to save the floor and prevent the spreading of the fire downwards; and tlicy were also equally fortunate in checking the spread of the flames to either the Post-office, yvhich yvas at one time in imminent danger, or to the adjoining outbuildings, including that in which the boiler was situate, although the jambs of the open doorway betyveen the main building and the vvoodenflcored structure completely consumed. By 6.15 Capt. Such yvas able to order home the Theobald," leaving a detachment of his men to continue the damping down of the heaps of forage which were still smouldering, these continuing to give trouble until Sunday morning. How the fire origfnated can only be conjectured, but Mr. Blizard and those yvho ere yvith him believe it possible that some sparks from the motor-train, which passed a few minutes before the lire was discovered, may have entered the windows facing the railyvay embankment; and at least the suggestion bears the stamp of possibility coupled with considerable probability, for it was on this side of the building that the fire was first seen.

The amount of the damage is estimated at about £500, all of which is, we understand, covered by insurance. The heavily-timbered roof of the main is a modern erection with a neat brick entirely destroyed; the floor did not escape without damage, and the liay, straw, mostly destroyed, while the machinery, including chaff machine and grain-mill, was all more or less damaged. The fire was watched by a great crowd of spectators, yvho were kept in check by a large posse of police under the charge of Supt. Hopkins, Inspectors Lane and Keyse, who had been informed of the fire by telephone immediately upon the outbreak. THE ARBROATH RAILWAY DISASTER.

SENTENCE ON GOURLAY REDUCED. Mr. Wcrdle, Labour member for Stockport, who has interested himself in the case of Gourlay, sentenced to five months' imprisonment in connection with the Arbroath railway dister, has received a communication from the Secretary for Scotland stating that while he is of opinion that the sentence was fully justified on public grounds, he is glad, having regard to the special circumstanccs of the case and the prayer of the petitions that have been addressed to him, to feel justified, after conference with the learned judge, in advising that the sentence be reduced to one of three months' imprisonment. TO LIMIT FREE VACCINATION, The Board of Guardians of Bridport (Dorset) have instructed the relieving officers of the various districts in the union to post up on the church door a list of ihe names of those who have children vaccinated by the public vaccinator at the expense of the rates, with the view of checking the practice of people having their children vaccinated at the cost of the rates when they are in a position to pay a doctor themselves. It was stated by one of the members that he knew a case where a man farming 600 acres had his child vaccinated at the ratepayers' expense.

CURIOSITIES OF THE CALENDAR. Rights Reservfd.) THE MONTH OF MARCH. DAY. 1 The word Easter is deriver from Eastor, a goddess, worshipped in April by our Saxon ancestors with peculiar ceremonies. The anniversary festival in commemoration of Christ's resuirection falling upon the same time of the year, led to the transfer of the heathen name to the Christian celebration.

After much contention between the Eastern and Western it was ordainid by the Council of Nice in 325 to be observed on the same day throughout the whole Christian world. It is now settled that Easter Day is always to be observed on the first Sunday after the full moon which happens upon, or next after. March 21st, and if the full moon happen on a Sunday, Easter Day is on the Sunday after. The earliest day upon which Easter can fall is March 22nd; the latest is April 25th. Among the many popular customs which marked the festival were the eating of gammons of bacon to chow abhorrence of Judaism, and of tansy cakes and puddings in reference to the bitter herbs used by the Jews at this season.

The liaster egg entered largely into the commemoration as a sacred emblem of the renovation of mankind; and people rose early on this day to walk into the fields to see the sun dance. Sir Thomas Browne, the learned author of "Vulgar Errors," rather doubted the existence of this phenomenon, but he was apologetic in the expression of his opiaion: We shall not, 1 hope, disparage the Resurrection of our Redeemer if wc say that the sun doth not dance on Easter Day." In Ireland the festival was anciently observed with such great superstition that it was held lawful "to steal and rapine all the year to hoard up provisions against this festival time." But among the most remarkable of ancient observances was that which required the barbers to come and shave the parishioners in the churchyard on Easter Sunday before Matins, which liberty," we are told, was restrained by a particular inhibition of Richard Flemmyng, of Lincoln, A.D., 1422." THE MONTH OF APRIL. HARVEY. Various theories had existed as to the physical process known as the circulation of the blood, but William Harvey, the great English physician, was the actual discoverer. He was born on April Ist.

1578, at Folkestone, where his father was a yeoman, and after six years at Canterbury Grammar School, he was entered, at sixteen years of age, at Caius College, Cambridge. It was at the University of Padua that he obtained his diploma of medicine, and after receiving his doctor's degree at Cambridge, settled in London as a physician. In 1609 he was appointed physician tj St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and in 1015 Lumleran Lecturer at the College of Physicians. In these lectures he expounded his views of the circulation of the blood.

Harvey was appointed successively physician to James I. and Charles 1., and in 1633 his absence "by reason of his attendance on the King's Majesty from St. Bartholomew's Hospital was complained of, and a substitute appointed, but without prejudice to him in his yearly fee or in any other respect." He attended Charles in his various expeditions, and was present with him at the battle of Edgehill. "During the fight," says Aubrey, "the Prince aud Duke of committed to his care. He told me that he withdrew with them under a hedge, and tccke out of his pocket a bookc, and read.

But he had not read very long before a bullet of a great gun grazed on the ground r.eare him, which made him remove his station." Harvey died in London on June 3rd, 1657, and was buried in a vault at Hempstead, near Saffron Walden, in Essex. At the cost of the Royal College of Physicians his remains were on October 18th, 1883, removed from the dilapidated vault, and re-interred ir. a marble sarcophagus in the Harvey chapel attached to the church. CREDULITY" The Annual Register for 1809 contains an extract from a remarkable letter, dated Bath, April 2nd, in which the writer describes the effects of an extraordinary panic arising from a supposed prophecy of the end of the world. The account is headed Credulity," and the writer A report was circulated that a certain infallible prophet, or prophetess, had predicted that an earthquake would be severely felt in' Bath on Good Friday, and that Mount Beacon and Beechen Cliff, two immense hills situate at the north and south extremities of the town, should meet, and, of course, destroy and swallow up houses, inhabitants, pigs, and poultry.

Some affirmed that Joanna Soutlicott was tlfb predictor, others that it was a prophet now living at Midford, near this city, who was with Noah in the Ark, and has been travelling over various parts of the world ever since; but the greater part affixed the name of a female fortune-teller residing at Bath. Though they could not fix on any particular prophet, yet all agreed there had been such a predictress, and thousands implicitly believed the event would take place. In consequence of this report, hundreds and thousands absolutely quitted Bath, old and young, rich and poor, high and low, soon found excuses for leaving town so sudfltenly. Some were obliged to attend a sick relative at a short distance; others had an uncle or aunt dead; while many more were ordered to Cheltenham or Clifton by their physician," etc. The explanation of the whole business was noted cock feeders, who live near the before-mentioned famous hills, met by accident some time ago at a publichouse, and, after much boasting on both sides, a match was made to fight their favourite cocks on Good Friday, but, fearing the magistrates might interfere if it became public, they named their separate animals after their respective as they termed it, and in the agreement it was specified accordingly that Mount Beacon should meet Beechen Cliff precisely at 12 o'clock on Good Friday.

This was mentioned with caution and secrecy to other sporting friends, and at last coming to the cars of some poor credulous beings, who were totally unacquainted with the intended match, they took it in its plain sense, and absolutely believed it to be a fact." IN ENGLAND. The arrival the great Italian patriot, I General Garibaldi, at Southampton on April 3rd, 1861, on the occasion of his visit to England for the ostensible purpose of inducing the Government to espouse the cause of Denmark, was the occasion of a great display of popular enthusiasm. To the persons who went on board the steamship to welcome him, Garibaldi delivered a document, drawn up in laconic terms: friends," he had written, "I desire to have no political demonstration; above all, not to excite any tumults." The General was attired in the costume which had been made familiar to the public by the illustrated papers. Over the Garibaldi red shirt he wore a grey cloke, lined with scarlet and buttoned across the breast; slung loosely over his neck and shoulders was a crimson silk handkerchief, tied in front with a sailor knot; his trousers were grey, and on his head he wore an embroidered cap shaped like a Turkish fez. After staying a tew days with the Mayor of Southampton, he departed for London, where a great reception awaited him; the procession formed in his honour escorted him through the principal thoroughfares to Stafford House, the mansion of the Duke of Sutherland, whose guest he was during his stay in London.

Until April the General was occupied at receptions, in visits to the great national establishments, and in receiving deputations from provincial towns, and, lastly, he was presented at the Mansion House with the freedom of the City. From London be went, to Cliefden, the residence of the Dowager Duchess of Sutherland, and in the course of his further tour he passed through Bath and Bristol, where he was presented with addresses. The visit ended somewhat abruptly, due, it was said, to a request of the Cabinet. Garibaldi sailed from Fowey on board the Duke of Sutherland's yacht Undine for Caprira, and, previous to his departure, addressed to the English people a farewell message, in which highly lauded our customs and institutions, and intimated that it was his earnest desire that Italy should imitate us. 4th P.

COOKE. Thomas Potter Cooke, who has been described as the finest and greatest of all stage sailors, died on April 4th, 1864. The son of a surgeon, he was bom in Tiehfieldstreet, Marylebone, on April 23rd, 1786. Owing to his father's death and to the poor circumstances in which his family was left, he entered the Royal Navy as cabin boy, just in time to take part in the great battle of St. Vincent, under Jervis and Nelson, when the British fleet, consisting of fifteen ships of the line, four frigates, a sloop, and a cutter, defeated the Spanish fleet of thirtyseven vessels, all of which carried a far heavier armament than our own.

After this he was wrecked in a storm off Cuxhaven. and next with Captain Prowse, under the colours of Bear-Admiral Calder, he saw active service at the siege of Brest. When his ship was paid off at the end of the war Cooke was sixteen years of age One evening, when amusing some of his old shipmates at a Plymouth tavern by reciting and singing, the manager of a strolling company of actors offered him an engagament at fifteen shillings a week, which Cooke accepted. After eighteen months of wandering life he made his debut on the Metropolitan stage, at a theatre called the Royalty, built by John Palmer in 1787, then he went to Dubli.i where he became a favourite, and in 1809 returned to England, and was engaged by Elliston for the Surrey, where for seven years he was stage manager. Thence he went to Drury, lane, aud next to Covent garden, but it was not till Terry and Yates at the Adelphi in 1825 that hi; talents found their true field.

Long Tom Coffin, in a dramatic version of Cooper's "Pilot, produced at that theatre, was the first of the sailor parts with which his name will be ever identified, though it was as William, in that most famous of all nautical dramas, Black Eyed Susan." first played at the Surrey on January 2Cth, 1829. that he is best remern bered. During the run of this piece, which was over 300 longest then ever kii9wn salary was £60 a week, with a laalf clear benefit every sixth week. As Harry Halyard, in 44 My Poll and My Partner Joe," he achieved a triumph second only to that he had won as William. His last appearancj was on March 29th, 1860, when he performed William for the benefit of the Royal General Theatrical Fund.

STOW. One of the earliest and most diligent collectors of English antiquities was John Stow, who was born in Luiidon in 1525. Until his fortieth year he followed his father's trade as a tailor; then he abandoned it, and gave himself up entirely to antiquarian pursuits. As a result of his labours, we have his Summary of English (1561), "Annals, or a General Chronicle of England" (1580), Survey of London and Westminster" (1598), and Memoranda to Three Fifteenth Century Cheonicles." Stnv died on April sth, 1605, and was buried in the church of St. Andrew Undershaft, where his monument of terra cotta, erected at the expense of his widow, remains to this day.

He received but a poor reward for the invaluable records he has left us by his untiring research. At eighty years of age he petitioned James I. for a license to a recompense for his labour and travel of forty-five years in setting forth the 'Chronicles of and eight years taken up in the Survey' of the cities of London and Westminster, towards his relief in his old age; having left his former means of living and only employing himself for the service and good of his country." The prayer was granted by Letters Patent under the Great and, therefore, we, in recompense of these his powerful labours, and for the encouragement to the like, have in our Royal inclination been pleased to grant our Letters Patent, under our Great Seal of England, thereby authorising him. the said John Stow, to collect among our loving their voluntary contributions and kind gratuities. The Letters, granted for one year, produced so little that they were extended for another twelve months, with the result that one parish in London contributed sevcn-and-sixpence The great fire in 1666 was more spared the monument of Stow.

Cth KOH-I-NOOR. The great Koh-i-Noor diamond left India on April 6th, 1850, to be delivered to Queen Victoria. It was taken on board the Medea steam sloop in charge of Colonel Mackeson, political agent, and Captain Ramsay, military secretary to the Indian Governor- General. The Koh-i-Noor, or Mountain of Light," as it is named, in the picturesque lauguage of the East, was discovered in the miaes of Golconda in 1550. It changcd hands frequently among the Prinecs of India, generally by means either of fraud or violence.

Shall Shuja of Cabul was the last chief of the Abdallee dynasty who possessed it. He was a fugitive from Cabul under the equivocal protection of the Sikh chief Runjeet Singh, who made up his mind to obtain the jewel. The other prevaricated and temporised with true Oriental diplomacy. At length, June Ist, 1813, was fixed upon for the surrender of the diamond. The two princes met in a room appointed for the purpose, and took their seats on the ground.

A solemn silence then ensued, which continued unbroken for an hour. At length Runjeet's impatience overcame the suggestions of Asiatic decorum, and he whispered to an attendant to quicken the memory of the Shah. The exiled prince spoke not a word in reply, but gave a signal with his eyes to the eunuch in attendance, who, retiring for a moment, returned with a small roll which he set down upon the carpet midway between the two chiefs. Again a pause followed, when, at a sign from Runjeet, the roll was unfolded, and there in its matchless and unspeakable brilliancy glittered the Koh-i-Noor." From the family of the Sikh chief it passed by conquest into the hands of Queen Victoria. It is the largest diamond in the world.

In its rough state it weighed nearly 800 carats, which were reduced by the unskilfulness of the ariist to 279 carats. Its value, regulated according to the method of computation employed by jewellers, is more than two millions steriing. The famous Pitt diamond weighs scarcely 130 carats, and ahe great diamond at the top of the Russian sceptre weighs 200 carats. TOOK CARE OF CAREY. DEATH OF OFFICER WHO SAW NOTED INFORMER OFF TO AFRICA The death in Dublin on Monday of Inspector Thomas Simons, of the Irish Metropolitan Police, recalls a grim chapt in the history of political crime.

He it was who was to convey James vilest "informer" since the day of Judas of this country after his victims, the Phoenix Park assassins, were resting in quicklime graves within the prccincts of Kilinainham Gaol. It is a matter of history that James Carey it was who founded the Invincibles," and invented the plot which culminated in the assassination of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. Burke, in the Phoenix Park, on May 6th, 1882. It is but right to remember that the plot did not include Lord Frederick Cavendish, who met- his fate through being in the company of Mr. Burke, whom he defended until he was himself struck down, his identity being unknown tc the assassins.

James Carey, the author of a crime which gravely affected the political fortunes of Ireland, to save his own neck turned informer while in Kilmainham Gaol, and during the time he was giving evidence against his dupes in court he had to be closely guarded. He was kept in Kilmainham Gaol after the trials, and lie heard the tolling of the prison bell which announced the execution of his victims, and the murmurs of the crowd as the grim black flag was hoisted. Ultimately Carey was 44 smuggled" from Ireland, and the inspector whose death is now reported was depute 1 to see the wretched man, trembling for his life, out of the country. Carey was brought to London and finally shipped for South Africa, his "tracks," it was thought, having been effectually obliterated. But sharper even than the detectives who guarded Carey was the man who had set out from America to slay him.

Patrick O'Donncll was a genial Irish- American who travelled on board the steamer on which Carey was sailing to South Africa, and, as he hoped, oblivion. He betrayed no sign whatever that he recognised Carey or ever thought of the ghastly tragedy in Dublin. But before they reached land O'Donnell shot Carey dead, and the fact that he selected the ship for the deed and did not wait until he he would have had a chance of that he would run no risk of missing his human prey. O'Donnell was brought back to England, tried at the Old Bailey and hanged at Newgate. It was thought until the last moment in Ireland that O'Donnell would be reprieved but it was a vain hope.

A tombstone to his memory stands over an untenanted grave in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin. WINCHCOMBE GUARDIANS AND DISTRICT COUNCIL. At meetings of the above on Saturday there were present Rev. W. D.

Stanton (chairman). Messrs. A. F. Griffiths, T.

A. E. Gray, W. Hinton, A. Richardson, A.

Cloke. J. Crump, G. H. Preston, J.

K. Groves, C. Holder, W. E. Pardington, T.

Corson. C. C. Castle, A. Perrett, and S.

Grimmett. The number of inmates were 57. a decrease of one against the previous report, and a decrease of five compared with twelve months back. Vagrants relieved 261, being a decrease of 15 and 18 cross buns from Messrs. G.

Troughton and C. Hewings were acknowledged with thanks. Mr. Inspector We the red wrote; I was at the yesterday, and was glad to find hot water laid on to the baths. I wish some other accommodation could be made for the children ai it is bad for them to mix so freely with the elder inmates, some of whom are imbeciles.

ihe Workhouse, generally, requires cleaning and colouring, especially in the sick wards and day-rooms." Mr. Griffiths thought all must agree that it was not dsirablc to have the children with the imbeciles, and suggested that the matter be referred to the Committee to see if some arrangements could not be made to keep them apart. Mr. Hinton the suggestion, but pointed out that there were but nine children in the house, two of whom were babies, and five belonged to one (deserted) family. If they could get rid of this family there would be few youngsters to see to.

The matter, together with the question of cleaning the house, was referred to the House Committee. The Master (Mr. S. M. Healey) was reported as ill with influenza and rheumatism.

His reports were brought in by Mr. Woodward, the relieving officer, and the latter was requested to se to the master's books whilst he was laid up. The Local Government Board wrote as to their circular of last and the registration of papers, and ai to the question of payment for the work showed that the! Guardians had power to do this. The clerk was instructed to reply that the Guardians were still of opinion that the proposed new register was not required. The Clerk reported that the Union estimate for the next half-year would be at sid.

in the £, against the previous order of Bd. The District Council order would be at against Bd. Mr. H. D.

Woodward, collector to the Guardians, asked that his commission might be raised from 7J per cent, to 10 per cent. Cirencester Guardians, he showed, paid per and other local Guardians 10 per cent. During the last half-year he collected £182 IDs. an increase of £32 on the previous six months, and an increase of £135 compared with GJ years ago, under the previous collector. During the last year he collected £333 lis.

against £94 17s. the last year of the late collector, an increase of £238 14s. lOd. This increase, the applicant pointed out, paid his salary from all sources twice Preston pointed out that their officer secured a lot of money for them, and he said it was much better to encourage an officer like that than half pay him, because he paid for himself over and over again. Mr.

Preston proposed and Mr. Griffiths seconded that Mr. Woodward be paid 10 per cent, in future on his collections, and this was agreed to unanimously. The committee appointed reported that the ditch at Alstone needed enclosing nearly 200 yards. The villag.

well, they found, had been polluted in consequence of a drain with ordinary unc-emented pipes running close to inspect3r was instructed to obtain estimates for doing the work required. Messrs. Willcox and Raiacs sent a final certificate that £294 10s. was due to Messrs. Johnson the contractors for the water and sewerage works at Gretton.

Mr. Castle again contended that they should not have the cheque until the leakage in the sewer pipes was put right, and Messrs. Crump and Clokc spokj of stand pipes not being watertight. The engineers showed that the leakage in the sewers was not more than ordinary, and it was thought this could not be brought against the contractors, but the clerk was instructed to enquire as to the defective stand-pipes. The following letter was "3 Imperial-buildings, St.

George's road, Cheltenham, March 28, 1907. "Re your Council promised to give me a definite answer in above matter on Saturday next, I thought 1 had perhaps better just write to say what I require your Council to do. I want the road put in good repair up to my house; above there I want it levelled and stoned, where necessary, through to Cleeve Hill. I want notices served upon the owners I or tenants to at once cut there hedges back, and to remove all obstructions placed across the road. I may say that I do not want to put the Council to a very great expense, as if the road is made so that people who want to use it may do so, it is all that is necessary, and I hope your Council will sec their way clear to do this; if not, I can only repeat that I shall at once take steps to cause them to show the reason why.

Yours very truly, Critchlow. W. Stephens, clerk, Rural District Council, W'ineheombe." The letter was received with considerable amusement. Mr. Preston produced an old map, Mr.

Castle read an extract (not for publication) from an ancient document, and the ordnance map in the Council-room was scrutinised by several. Some discussion ensued, but this was not to be reported, as litigious proceedings are threatened over the matter. A committee, consisting of Messrs. Castle, Gray, Groves. Hinton, Holder, and Preston, was appointed to view Greenwaylane and report.

Contracts for hauling stone during the commg season were then arranged. ANCIENT BUNS On Good Friday, sixty-eight years ago, the landlady of the tavern now known as the Widow's Son at Bow, was expecting her sailor son home from foreign parts, and like a dutiful mother she prepared for him a hotcross bun. But he came not, and the mother, instead of eating the bun, kept it in readiness for the hungry wanderer. As the years passed and still no tidings came the widow continued to put aside one hot-cross bun everv Good Friday for the son who to this dav has failed to put in an appearance. Long since the fond mother died, but her kind-hearted successors at the tavern have continued to save up hot-cross buns for their predecessor's missing boy.

If fhis should meet Jiis eye and lie would care to return to London he will find awaiting him sixty-eight hot-cross buns (for one duly dated was added to the collection on Friday), cold now, and staler even than a railway bun, hanging from the ceiling of the Widow's Son at Bow. DOUBLE FATALITY ON THE SEVERN. An inquest was opened at Worcester on Monday on Miss Alice Radcliffe and Miss Rose Schofield, two Bradford ladies who were drowned while boating on the Severn on Saturday. The bodies were identified by brothers of the deceased, Mr. Henry Radcliffe, wool merchant.

Lister-avenue, Bradford, and Mr. Edward Schofield, cloth finisher, New Cross-street, Bradford. The coroner adjourned the inquiry for a week, saying the question arose whether anyone on the steamer with which the boat collided as to blame. CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOUR CONVENTION. ARE WE BECOMING LESS RELIGIOUS? The fourth annual convention of the Gloucestershire Federation of Christian Endeavour Unions was opened cn Monday morning in the Cambray Chapel, Cheltenham.

Proceedings began with a prayer meeting, conducted by the Rev. A. B. Phillips (president of the Federation), at 7.30, and at 10.30 the first meeting for discussion was held. The Rev.

A. B. Phillips presided over a good attendance of Endeavourers from all over the county. Prior to the discussion on the subject selected for Are we becoming less hearty welcome was extended to the visitors by Mr. A.

G. Webley (president of the Cheltenham Christian Endeavour Union), and Mr. C. Haj ward (president of the Cheltenham Free Church Council), who described the Christian Endeavour organisation as one of the finest products of the 19th century. Mr.

R. R. Skemp opened the discussion on the topic named. While there were two sides to the question, he said, he himself was not a croaking raven." The national conscience was mil ill better than in days gone by, an instance of this being the kindliness and mercy now manifested towards wrongdoers as compared with the old brutal methods of punishment. In practical matters we were becoming more rather than less religious.

The habits of the people had improved in every respect during the years he had known them. Public opinion on the drink question, for instance, had undergone a great change. The day was rapidly drawing near when it would be impossible for anybody having anything to do with the drink traffic to bold office in a Christian church (applause). The brewer was wont to be the chief officer in the church, and time was when spirits were kept in the vestry for the use of the ministers and officials. Were we becoming less religious in our commercial instincts and in our dealings with one another? He did not think so.

Business men in earlier days flagrantly and openly transgressed the laws of God, and yet regarded themselves as good Christians notwithstanding. At the same time, there were certain aspects in the commercial life of the country in regard to which the Christian conscience needed rousinp, notably the sweating evil. Generally speaking, however, there was more honesty in business matters to-day than used to be the case. We were also more religious in regard to our treatment of the poor. Concluding, Mr.

Skemp touched on one or two respects in which he thought the people of the present day were inferior to their forefathers. We had lost much of the spirit of reverence and we were becoming less religious in the study of the Bible. The Rev. Cuthbcrt Ellison took an optimistic view, but was careful to draw a distinction between religion and "Christianity." There was a danger, he said, lest in becoming more rcligiouu they became less Christian, but he rejoiced that the tendency of the times was to lay less stress on the ritual of religion. The ehurchcs which were doing the most good were those whieh had the least "religiosity," because there had been a cleavage between religion and life.

Christianity met life on every side and in every part. Mr. Clare, the Rev. W. L.

Lang, the Rev. G. A. Ambrose (who deprecated the description of religion as "religiosity," and described as cant much of the talk about religion outside the churches), and the Rev. J.

Foster (who said the tendency to drag God to the level of humanity must be guarded against) continued the discussion. THE BUSINESS MEETING. After luncheon the business meeting was held, the Rev. A. B.

Phillips again presiding. Secretary (Mr. T. Freeman) reported that the total membership was 2,784, a decrease of 1,030 during the year. The statement of accounts showed a slight balance in Rev.

G. A. Ambrose was elected president for the year, and the Rev. D. A.

Davies vice-president. Messrs. Freeman and Wilson were re elected secretary and treasurer was decided to hold next year's convention at Stroud. THE AFTERNOON SERVICE. The Rev.

J. Lloyd Davies, B.A. (Cheltenham), conducted a well-attended service in the afternoon. The preachcr was the Rev. George Barrett (London, formerly of Stroud), who, taking as his text Luke 26, 27, said that it was to His professed followers that Christ said Depart from Me, ye workers of iniquity." The love of Christ was good, but His wrath was terrible.

Too often was Christ looked upon as a sentimental figure, and sufficient emphasis was not laid upon the strength and force hind his moral character. He had himself been haunted with the thought that though he spoke about Christ there might be something in his life whieh might call upon him the same condemnation as was caled upon the disciples of old. What called down the condemnation? Hypocrisy, selfishness, and what he might call externalism." 10-day we stood in great danger from selfish ease. The religion of many people spent itself in emotionalism. There was too much prayer of a certain kind, and too little service.

They prayed to save the world, they met in conferences to discuss how to save the world, but hardly lifted a finger to smash the trap 9 that were destroying human happiness. Thus it might even be that their glorious emotional meetings, their "good times," would bring upon them, if not followed up by toil and labour, the command Depart from Me." Many people took a deep intellectual interest in the personality of Christ, and yet they had not surrendered their wills to Him. There were others who took a merely social interest in Christ, who attended church, but such did not know Christ, and eru imperilled by their externalism; they were in the outer court, never having entered into the Holy of Holies. Real intimacy with Christ would draw all hypocrisy aud selhshnesa from the human heart. CONCLUDING MEETING.

The concluding meeting took place Cambray Chapel at six o'clock in the evening, Mr. E. E. Boorne (a former chairman ol the Cheltenham F.C.C.) presiding in the absence, through family bereavement, ol Rev. C.

E. Stone, supported by Revs. A. Phillip9 J. Foster, C.

Ellison, W. Harvey. Jellie, j. Lloyd Davies, and Mr. T.

Freeman (all of Cheltenham), and Rev. George Barrett (Lyndhurst-road, London). There was a very large attendance of delegates and others. The meeting opened with singing and prayer by the Rev. J.

Foster. The Chairman, in his address, mentioned that he noticed that throughout the country, the C.E. movement had about held its own during the past year, if it had not increased. Ho hoped that they bad done something better than that in this county. He trusted also that they would all go forward with fresh heart and inspiration from the series of gatherings which had been held that The Bible reading was by the Rev.

W. Harvey-Jellie, and this was followed by a repetition of the annual report presented by Mr. T. Freeman at the afternoon conference. Rev.

George Barrett followed with an address on the question "Has the Christian Church had its day?" This question, h.i said, came to him when he read in the book recently written by Rev. R. J. Campbell thai what was at the back of his mind was that the masses of the people of the educated classes were passing by the Church, never taking the Church into consideration, and that the great social leaders and the Labour leaders were ignoring it. Whatever tbej( might think of Mr.

Campbell's notions, he was sure that he was animated by a desire to influence the people so that they should be compelled to take the Chureli into consideration and to recognise it as an active social as well as religious force in tho land. He (the speaker) moved much amonft Labour leaders and other workers in social movements, and he heard that the Church was "the abiding place of cant," "the paradise of the aristocrat." He heard phrases like the milk and water spirituality of the Churches," and a few other things about the ministers very flattering indeed! They were "little tin gods on wheels," "sky their churches were "astronomical observatories, less useful than that at they were "well-paid pulpiteers," etc. The fact remained that there was a great strong prejudice against the Christian Chnrehr. Leading men, intellectual men, were looViott upon the Church as a mere backwater, and upon ministers as mere archaeologists, more interested in ancient Judca than in modern England. From long thought and observation he had come to the conclusion that instead of having had its day the Church was just about beginning to have its day.

For fifteen hundred years they had got away front Christ's idea of the Church; but they wcro going back to thot idea, and it would be to the gain and the permanent establishment on earth of the Christian Church as a factor of the bringing in of the spirit of Goif. He thought this because he could not set in any of their other organisations that which Would safeguard the supernatural. Ethical societies and labour organisations served splendid purpose in awakening the minds of people to study social questions, and so on; but their tendency was to banish the supernatural and everything which they not understand as clearly as the fifth proposition of Euclid. Some people wanted to mafcu their Christian faith like a sum of to banish the supernatural and everything that was beyond clear understanding. The Church, he believed, stetod to safeguard the supernatural and to teach the wide world over that there was something infinite in the majestic God.

the faith which they held, and in the Christ. They re trying to dethrone Christ and put him beside Buddha, Cbnfucius, and Mahomed. But the Chure.i stood to preserve the truth and to assert the unique divinity of Jesus Christ. All tntf other societies were content to teach and ethics; but it was all man made, vbi the Church stood perennially to take Ooa into account. Another thing was that i Church was the only organisation of he knew which hail a comprehensive idea the brotherhood of man.

The curse of Church was snobbishness and and they wanted to get back to the of primitive times. The Church an interest in social questions. Did know that times of depression in instance, were times of moral deteriora'' when the publican and the bookmaker hold of more men and women than a' other time? The Church must recognise it was losing its sons and daughters thro social conditions, and that the first to their place in the solution of these qoee i should be the Church of Him Who laKuria amongst the poor and lowly. In conclude he asked them to work for a united to jump over denominational barriers, a i work hand in hand, heart to heart, lot in the great social movements of the day The customary "consecration service afterwards conducted by the Rev, A Phillips. Fire broke out on Monday morning armoury of the Pontypridd detaehnien Glamorgan Imperial Yeomanry, the new stock of clothing and necontre The damage, whieh is covered by lEsur is estimated at £000.

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