Fayette County Leader from Fayette, Iowa • Page 2

FAYETTE COUNTY LEADER, FAYETTE, IOWA, U. S. Soldier-Boys Become School-Boys To Study New Technique of Modern War Text Book School Lessons From European-War Battlefields. By W. H.

WELLS (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) "What d'ya know?" This casual, friendly American greeting has assumed tremendous significance in the army and is the essence in securing military preferment in place of "Who d'ya know?" So important is the "what d'ya know" that in order to develop the innumerable technical and professional specialists needed in a modern fighting force, approximately 60,000 of our soldiers are in constant attendance at some 71 schools. Their studies range from brief clerical courses, to six months of practical and theoretical work for air mechanics. This school work is a full-time job with the entire day devoted to the classroom or shop. Evenings are taken up with "home work." Thousands of officers also are attending schools, but that is another story, the war department stated. Military experts claim that the army, in being and planned, is essentially a motorized, mechanized, technical force, utilizing every gadget or contrivance ever devised by Yankee ingenuity which has military value.

In proportion to that of other powers, it contains more motors and more technically trained men, both enlisted and commissioned, than any force ever organized in the world's history. Because of the emergency, war department instructions provide for the continuous operation of army schools. As the graduates of one class receive their certificates of completion of a course, another is waiting to occupy the desks or benches of their predecessors. It is estimated that over 300,000 men will pass through these schools this year. Technical Knowledge Vital.

"Essentially, our army is a fighting force, and its only reason for existence is national defense," General Marshall, U. S. chief of staff, declared; "A modern army trained to cope with any foe, or meet any situation must be composed principally of technical experts. Even a soldier running a qaliber-30 machine gun must have a fair knowledge of mechanics; while the crews of the large 16-inch coast defense guns must Have expert knowledge which includes both mechanical and electrical "Modern, pedagogical, standards have been adopted by the armed forces, and the khaki-clad student finishing one of the courses is certain to have mastered his subject with consequent increased value to himself and the nation on the termination of his military service," he continued. It is obvious that every man in the army will not attend one of these special schools.

Aptitude, previous civil occupations, and the results of intelligence tests invariably will govern commanding officers in recommending soldiers to take special courses' of study. Every branch of the army is conducting schools for the development of its particular type of In the ordnance department men are trained to repair and maintain, under field service conditions, articles of equipment ranging from intricate precision fire control instruments to the rugged prime movers of heavy artillery. The finance department GEN. GEORGE C. AH SHALL Chief of Staff of United States Army.

Prison Counterfeiters OMAHA, federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, has become a "counterfeiters' college" where bogus-money makers often teach other convicts how to "make" fake money, according to Russell Daniel, United States secret service agent in charge here. All money counterfeiters eventually reach Leavenworth, and there they discuss among themselves methods and compare notes on imitating the United States currency. Intensive instruction in every phase of military operation and testing of war equipment is well under way today in army schools and camps located at hundreds of points in the V. S. The personnel of the army, navy and air corps is being trained to a razor-edge of efficiency in preparation for stern times that may lie ahead.

Above at top, is pictured a young soldier being initiated into the mysteries of field telephone communications. To the left at bottom, a machine-gun instructor explains the mechanism, and at right bottom, a 16-inch steel spokesman for America roars oat a thunderous message, while artillery recruits look on. has special courses in accountancy and finance. The signal corps stresses communications. While the coast artillery courses of instruction emphasize electrical installations.

Weather forecasting, road making, X-ray technicians, and cooking are among other courses taught. When these soldiers return home, the family jalopies should be maintained in perfect running condition as a result of this training, one officer observed; while the static which interferes with Pa's radio set should, be readily eliminated. School Centers Scattered. Army schools are scattered from coast to coast, with the air corps schools, with an enrollment of 20,265 students, leading the 13 branches of the army. This figure does not include flying cadets or commissioned officers undergoing instruction.

At Scott field, over 4,000 men are learning to be radio operators and radio mechanics; whUe at Chanute field, over 11,000 men are taking technical courses of instruction. Close behind the air corps in the number of soldiers attending schools is the quartermaster corps with 17,212 men being trained in practically every activity found in civil life, ranging from electricians, carpenters, painters, and plumbers to shoe repairers and welders. The quartermaster corps also has motor transport schools at Camp Holabird, Baltimore, Fort McPherson, Atlanta, and Camp Normoyle, San Antonio, Texas, where 700 men graduate each month from a three; months' course as specialists in motor mechanics. The armed force school at Fort Knox will eventually graduate 26,000 men a year, and at present, has a student body of 4,298. The tremendous expansion of the armored force, from one division to the four now in training with four more planned in the immediate future, calls for innumerable specialists.

The maintenance of motor vehicles and tanks is indeed a job for specialists. All methods of electrical communications are stressed, and every combat branch of the army is training radio operators and radio engineers, as well as every type of wire communication operators. Army methods require that the soldier not only be able to install a telephone, but he must also be able to stretch wires, operate a switch-board, and maintain the whole system in working order. Huddled -under a bush with a heavy caliber-45 automatic pistol strapped to his side, and frequently in a driving rain, the army switchboard operator occupies a far different role than the "hello girl" we all know. When communications fail, the fog of war envelops the commander, and all too frequently, chaos results.

Pigeons have not been neglected and "pigeoneers" who train these carriers are recognized with specialists ratings. Continuous Education. Unlike most civilians, the soldiers' education never ceases. In addition to the 60,000 men putting in full time at schools, every division and regiment in the army is conducting part time additional schools. Tactics are the principal courses taught in these troop schools, but thousands of men are devoting their afternoons to mastering the fundamentals of motors, radios, telephones and telegraph instruments.

Another tremendous factor in the promotion of Americanism which is a part of the army's educational system are schools conducted in many units for the teaching of the three R's. Chaplains conduct most of these schools and instruction is given during the soldiers' "free time." "Every man with the colors will gain something from his service," General Marshall said in closing, "for, many, it will be a trade; for others it will be an increased knowledge of human nature through the democracy of the tent; while all will be strengthened physically. The old expression, 'The army will make a man out of you' is as true today as when it was first coined." Russian Failure to Ship Fresh Caviar Opens a Market for Ontario Fishermen the delight of the cosmopolitan gourmet for which the lesser epicure must definitely acquire a taste, has become "black gold" to the fishermen of northern Ontario since shipments from Russia, chief source of caviar supply, have been curtailed for the duration. With the price of caviar soaring to three dollars a pound as it is taken from the sturgeon, and one dollar per ounce by the time it reaches the consumer, the Ontario fishermen have been quick to set additional nets in the northern lakes and rivers to meet the demand. Bearing out the adage that "It's an ill wind that blows no good," the new activity is attracting many tourists to the fisheries of the north.

The Ontario Indians, usually Ojib- ways, also share in the boom. When the fish is dressed they get the head Ojibway delicacy when cooked as we cook a pig's with the increased Activity of the fisheries every day is feast day. Like the moose, another native of northern Ontario, the sturgeon is also pre-historic in appearance; a strange thing left from an age when living things were large and ugly. The sturgeon has from 11 to 13 bony plates on its back and about as many of these hard, bony armor shields on each side. In the northern lakes sturgeon are taken in traps having nets several hundred yards long stretched across a lake or river and leading the fish into a circular net from which they are taken by the fishermen.

Thus the sturgeon fishermen of the lakes constantly hope for high winds to move the fish into their traps. Four or five fish taken in a haul, although a highly profitable catch in the present market, is considered a poor "take." When a high wind blows the catch is always better and with caviar selling for more than twice as much as fine silver (caviar $1.00 per ounce to consumer; fine silver $.42 per ounce), the large fish are well named "black gold." Because the roe is highly perishable, and must be treated by the fishermen immediately after the sturgeon is dressed rather than shipped to market "raw," converting it into caviar is an art that is handed down from father to son and held just as much a secret as a chef's formula for a favorite sauce. The result is that some fishermen get twice as much as others for their caviar because of the manner in which they treat it. The female fish will produce about 20 pounds of roe, netting fishermen up to $3 per pound. Washington, D.

C. DEFENSE 'INCIDENTS' Out of 26 major "inaidents of damage" in defense plants last month, military intelligence authorities have evidence that 14 were caused by sabotage. The other 12 were accidents. Of the 14 sabotage cases, four were fires and 10 were mechanical damage. Two are attributed to Communists; the others to Nazi agents.

There is no indication that Communists and Nazis worked together. Since the outbreak of the Russo- German war, the Communist party line has somersaulted. The current dictum is, no intereference with defense output. It is significant that since the Nazi attack on the Soviets there has been a sharp decline in strikes. However, intelligence agents report that the party has made no change in its policy of propagandizing soldiers and sailors.

This is being pushed aa vigorously as before, although with little success. In fact, party generals are so dissatisfied with results that they recently ordered labor unions dominated by Communists to help their campaign by offering their halls as soldier recreation centers. Japanese Consulates. Another significant development in subversive influences relates to the Japanese. Since the expulsion of the Nazi and Italian consulates, intelligence officers have found that the Japanese consulates in Los Angeles and Seattle have become the chief clearing houses for espionage on the West coast.

Japanese residents are sending in a constant stream of reports on airplane production, ship movements and other military information. The recent arrest of two Japanese spies in Los Angeles caused a flurry in Japanese quarters, and a number of Japanese rushed to Washington, apparently to place themselves under the protection of their embassy. Others hotfooted for Mexico, which may mean they are planning to shift spy headquarters to Mexico City. SECRET NEW AAA CZAR American Farm bureau and National Grange moguls are smart politicians. Although their bill to create an independent, five-man board to rule the AAA has not yet seen the light of day on Capitol Hill, they are already greasing the way by canny wooing of possible opponents.

Latest to be "propositioned" is Rudolph Evans, ambitious head of the AAA, who might be a vigorous foe of their scheme to gain control of his own agency. The farm leaders have sent word to Evans that they will back him for chairman of their proposed board if he will go along with them. An inner group of 11 decided on this move at a secret pow -wow during the recent conference in Chicago of the Farm bureau. Grange and National Co-op council on the defense emergency. The master minds also accepted Walter Randolph of Alabama as the Farm bureau 's selection on the boards, pledged themselves to take whomever the Grange picked, and agreed to allow this hand-picked trio to name the other two board The plan is very pat, but the mystery is where Roosevelt and Secretary Claude Wickard fit into the picture.

Under the law the President appoints board members, and on agricultural selections he naturally would consult Wickard. Apparently, the Grange and Farm bureau manipulators propose to do the picking and force Roosevelt and Wickard to go along. No Chance. Actually, the five man board scheme has no chance of getting anywhere this year. Not yet even introduced, it faces such a long battle when it does appear that months will elapse before it goes through the committee process.

Further, there are indications that certain Farm bureau moguls privately don't want the legislation considered at all this session. According to Farm bureau insiders, Earl Smith, Illinois big-gun, and Francis Johnson, Iowa chief, secretly want to make it a political issue in next year's congressional election. Militant New Deal foes, they are said to believe that a lot of GOP campaign hay can be made in the rural districts by raising the cry of "give the farmer control of the AAA." How much control he would have is shown by the fact that the boys already have made sure that they would do the controlling. MEHRV-CO-ROUNO Frank Grillo, secretary-treasurer of the United Rubber Workers, is slated for membership on the discrimination committee that President Roosevelt is planning to set up to eliminate bars against Negroes and other minority groups in defense industries. On the desk of Lawrence Fly, scrappy chairman of the Federal Communications commission, is ont of those little plaster busts designed for temperamental people to smasfc they lose their temper.

WHO'S NEWS THIS WEEK By LEMUEL P. PARTON (Consolidated Service.) Minnie L. Maffett, who, as president of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women 's Clubs, is the leader of AuetieaWomen about 75,000 For Authority in career worn- Tomorrow'. Era on equal pay for women doing men 's jobs, and she also assesses women with heavy responsibility for what lies ahead. "Women must take leadership in insisting on a new economic world order," says Dr.

Maffett. That might seem like a lot of bother for the women, what with getting the children off to camp and this and that, but Dr. Maffett tells them sternly they must face it, "if we want women to have authority in the world of tomorrow." Her observations were addressed to the biennial meeting of the above federation at Los Angeles. The sliver-hatred, blue-eyed, pink-cheeked Dr. Maffett, is, like many contenders for equality and authority for women, emphatically feminine.

Premeditated or not, it's a good technique which the early-day suffragists knew and practiced diligently. She lives in Dallas, Texas, where she has long been a distinguished physician and surgeon, a member of the college of medicine of Baylor university, on the staff of the three biggest hospitals In Dallas, and a director of the department of health 'education of Southern Methodist university. Descendant of a family which went to Texas in 1834, Dr. Maffett took her academic and medical degrees at the University of Texas. She was elected president of the federation in 1839.

She rallies women to intelligent social effort under the slogan "business women in a democracy." She is a dynamo of energy, lying an aviation and agitating for women and their work and their readiness for a new economic and cultural showdown after the war. Women certainly do like to get things ship-shape. Perhaps they rate a trial workout, considering the general state of masculine untidiness and confusion now prevailing. R. ARTHUR UPHAM POPE, art connoisseur and leading world authority on Iranian art, heads the "Committee for National morale" Out to Give War To Adolf Hitler 1 'Secret' Weapon FHA Government Agency Helps You Buy a House mm which now, after months of research, makesknown it has discovered and identified- Hitler's "secret" weapon.

As Dr. Pope explains it, the device is the precise scientific mastery of impelling scientific forces by which you can make men think and act as you want them to. One of the last books of the late Jacques Futrelle, who went down on the Titanic, was "The Thinking Machine." It was about an old professor who discovered what Dr. Pope's committee thinks it has now learned. He finally dominated the world.

The theme of the book was that any man who masters certain definite psychological formulas, and employs them diligently, will own and operate mankind. That is exactly what the Germans have been doing, according to the committee, just now issuing a 155- page brochure describing its research and its findings. The committee, which began work last July, includes many of the leading social scientists and psychologists of the United States. It delivers not only a detailed description of the German psychological mass- pressure techniques, but it concludes that we have abundant knowledge and skills with which to meet it. But it will be no hit-or-miss job of agitating.

It will be a campaign of psychological warfare as carefully contrived as an air battle. Mr. Pope, a native of Phoenix, R. was graduated from Brown university. He has long been a distinguished figure in the world of both art and always on John Ruskin's terms: "Fine art is that in which the head, the heart and the hand go together." We saw Dr.

Pope occasionally when he was professor of philosophy at the University of California, and again at the Foyot restaurant in Paris in 1923, fired up with Persian art and headed toward Teheran, to sink many years and much brilliant scholarship in that area. After a round-trip to about 3000 B. he landed in London in 1930 with the noblest exhibition of Persian art ever assembled. Last year, with his collection greatly augmented, he staged a memorable exhibition in New York, at the old Union League club. IS A "home of your own" an unfulfilled dream? Then you will want to know more about the Federal Housing Administration, one of the most important agencies created by the national govern' ment in the past few years.

Loans insured by the FHA have helped thousands of many making under $2,000 a year buy their own homes. Other government agencies might also be of interest to you. Our 32-page booklet fully describes how you can make use of these government agencies, also ployment and education opportunities. Gives facts on Selective Service. Serd your order to: WHITE PETROLEUM JELLY Better Way Choose always the way that seems the best, however rough it may be.

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