The Marion Weekly Star from Marion, Ohio • Page 11

MARION WEEKLY STAR, 8ATTBDAY, APRIL 90. 1918. PAGE THREE. 3 PI JK ID ffl jous. ocean swells giving vl- I dence to the stupendous disaster.

Scores of terror-stricken passen- gers, among them women and chil- The Parisian, according to her'Parisian could hive reached the messages, reached the flotilla of res-; scene in time. Mr. Franklin said from his knowl- cuers shortly after the Baltic. A wireless message from Captain edge of Captain Smith's gallantry! are reported, to have leaped: Haddock confirmed the fears of the and heroism, on other occasions, the) the vcssel i W-hite Star line officials that all hut veteran navigator must a i iceoerg. 670 women and cnlldren who to hig bridge an gone down to his! hil ren MruB in the small boats from the death, the lifeboats 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "eamship had When the Titanic Is Sent to the Bottom.

SA VE, OH, SAVE," 5 FLASHES WIRELESS A lifeboats Are Sucked into Arms of Deep. 1 Hu of Giant le riathan and Hundreds of Are Sent to a Watery Cries of Tank-Stricken Men Women Children--De- uik Are Most Pitiful. York, April an- st was made by the White this afternoon, that 868 nf the Titanic had been from boats by the Cunard Carpathia. This would rake the missing number 1,342. "Viuie star officials said they had reived positive news by the wire- 'i'from the Olympic, which had re- tbe aerogram from the Car- Reports Discredited.

Early reports stated that all the newspapers to make certain the ap- passenrers and the crew of the Palling extent catastrophe. Titanic had been taken off by Mald( rt ta Had bk i i di Ea ster--all but nule of Sen. There was discussion is to whether part of this message was with-j I held, but enough was divulged to the aii of the male passengers had sacn- At Almost Same Place Titanic Drowned in Chicot County, i Bryan Calls Governor "Pnnce need opportunity to savei themselves; Disaster Occurs. Arkansas. by giving women and children first chance at the boats.

"There is no rule of the sea," A ATJ A aid Mr. Franklin, "which requires wireless messages received here last TM' 7 i a sacrifice. It is rule of INTO PORT TODAY these report, every Xe7at on land, as as detail. i That the sinking of the Titanic I a had ne down on her was witnessed from the bridge of the I Carpathia, which was leading the! maiden voyage. 0 scene in the Star line that gallant men have often observed in time of disaster." The White Star line officers figured their data that the THE BODIES OF SIX VICTIMS RECOVERED Graff roan' Total Loss of Life.

Montreal, April total of life when the giant liner, fii'aic, went to the bottom of the ccsan yesterday was probably, 1,410. hoM that th Parisian and the Virginian to the mces nlfllt TM Brought, wag ml es from the 3cene of rescue, was believed here 'ast night to a rea zatl of the stupendous TI(anlc sinking whr wreck--the complete destruction of news Qf al Collision with Ice Creates a Panic on Board. Hundreds of Families Living in Trees. the glasses of the Carpathian cap- of BOOSTS CANDIDACY OF NEW JERSEY HAN He Declares Wilson Is a Real Pogressive. the fruit of their dreams--gray-1 Al a hmir tne Carpathh was esti-l the Rocks ihe Vessel from iForcoof Irebcrjj Jammed Against Talluha, Arkansas.

Is I'nclPr Thirty Ml Rl Tolls Columbus tain to be afloat Is regarded as thej a men man5 of them veteran mated to be 1,080 miles east of source of these early reports. encouragingj a Accepting the early estimates i Sandy Hook. A reporj from the Olympic states disasters to the steamer, ag Umilea circulation in patched-up holes in her bow, the 1873, when 574 lives were lost, and carly even ing, but by 9 o'c'ock it had suit of a collision with an iceberg! flools to La Bourgogne in 1S9S, with a reat crowds of persons i (v ID reports received bj nf 5T1 i aImoSt the same 5 ot where Eovernmfint Only by a miracle, it is- printed the fata list as accurate, the dis-1 that the Leylgn(i ner California, out, could any person who stood i a ls the Stalest in the marine was a inlng a searching the the ship escape the great vessel's story of the worl( Nearest a P-1 vicinity of the disaster, powerful.suction as she sank tc the Proaching it in magnitude were the New of the jbi loss of life bottom. One wireless report stated that at least three or four lifeboats were pulled under the water by the suction when the Titanic sank from view. A List.

The Titanic carried the most notable list of passengers ever borne across the Atlantic by one vessel. Home-coming American tourists arranged their sailings 'weeks ago so as to ride the new wonder of the seas on. her maiden voyage. The dispatches state that the Stem to Stern--Large Holes Are Torn, in the Ship's Hull--Captain i Has Hard Fight To Bring L'oer into New York. I New York.

April. two: Club Banqueters That He Hag Hf. voted Time To Help Nominate Progressive Candidate for Presi- dency--Xehrasknii Wains Against Statp Pride--His Speech. Columbus, 0., April 16. Colonel people were drowned in the William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska in Ohicot county.

put in a full day In a campaign of Feet of Water ami livery Muuse In Village, It Is Kxpprted, Will Be Washed Away--Fcdenil Health Authorities Are Wcin-ictl Over the Acute Conditions. Memphis, April rlie fatality list of 571. Should it prove that other liners, notably the Allen liners, Parisian and Virginian, known to have been in the vicinity of the Titanic, had picked up other of her passengers, the extent of the calamity.would be greatly reduced. This hope still remains. A Great Shock.

N'ews of the sinking of the liner and the terrible loss of life in conse- government ensineers here today. Titanic came to disaster, the steam- A rescue party from Greenville, ship, Niagara, limned into port to-1 Mississippi, has recovered the bodies day having been held up for almost 0 six victims, according to the re- I the White Star line offices near the foot of Broadway. Many Are in Tears. Women were in tears and men were frantic after their plea for reassuring news was met with the frank admission that very little was were told bv M. a a a i a i Arkansas, is i twenty-foiir hours h.v the fog.

(ports here. Hundreds of families Thrilling stories of the accident a 5 ls ib ed tches. have 8 4gers and was headed for Hali-Hf the a tha a disp, tche 7 today when the cap- be to difficult relays. i the following message to The collaion of the Tilani. I 1 1 -akoia- rtnrf A Sis home office here: "Virginian reached Titanic too Iste.

No survivors on board. Pro- ceeiiing Liverpool. Captain Gam- Mi." Titanic went down at 2:20 o'clock I quenee came early last evening ivith in the all greater shock because hope had been buoyed up all day by reports, that the steamship, although badly damaged, was not in a sinking condition, and that all her pa's- an iceberg is now known to have sengere had been safely taken off. been a head-on crash thp.t occurred i The messages were mostly unof- while the liner was proceeding at jfidal, however, and none came direct little less than her besl speed. jfrom the, liner, so that a lurking fear Titanic with ship was a day ahead of her There were 2,21" souls on board schedule and ll is considered prob- fe Titanic, including passengers and I able that an "ipt to makj a m'- The Cunard liner.

record-breaking voyage was the hope amounted by wireless that she had ot haeri crew when sn entered the picked un 500 survivors. This left Uin unaccounted for. The message irom Captain Oambel! dashed the field. Compartments Flooded. remained of poBgibie had news to come.

Shortly after 7 o'clock last, night there came flashing over the wires from Oape Race, within 400 miles of which the liner had struck the ice- jberg, word that at 2:30 o'clock Mon- 'copes of believed the Virginian bad picked up aurvlvon from the Titanic As Virginian had been only 171 miles away 'from the scene of the disaster Sunday night, it was Spited that she would be among the SrM succoring ships to reach the eis of the receipt of the Vjr- lac's a'ireless n-as a blow to the Trite Siar officers in New York. Mnitime experts expressed belief toe Titanic had broken her back by plowing over a submerged They pointed out that the Enln probably caused the water- tip; bulkhead doors to spring a The ship's forward plates were! ay ing, three hours and fifty- completely wrecked, a gaping wound flve i mltes after receiving her opening below her water line and death blow tbe Tit anic had sunk. letting the water into her forward compartments. In the meantime, the lifeboats were manned and into them were The news from the steamer, Carpathia, relaj-ed by the AVhite Star liner, Olympic, and revealed that by fhe time the Carpathia. outward placed as many of the women and boun(J New Ybrk and a i children as they could foj the TUanic on a wjreles cM reached the scene, the doomed vessel Bringing Survivors Here.

April Among the vhile yet some hope of holding the Titanic afloat until her wireless messages could summon help. I Later and more comprehensive! messages tell of great bravery the part of "men There was a minimum of disorder. i known of the fate of passengers Passengers. The force of the ee of vater a el were notTn'the first or second cabin. colllsion Wlth the mighty mass of village, it is expected, will be All of the- White Star line officials lc rocke(1 the vessel froni stem tcl away.

and subordinates available were on 1 stern and caused a anic in tn duty at the offices and planned to! ste ra 8 While an examination was make a night of it. The Titanic was bound from Liverpool to New York. being made to determine the extent of the injuries, the 0. signal, the wireless call for help, was flash- Acute Conditions. Washington.

April -According to a despatch received today by I the United States public health and I heated attacks upon Governor Harmon's candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the presidency. He boosted Governor Woodrow Wilson of Jersey as a progressive. Colonel Bryan spoke In Ravenna. Akron, Mansfield. Loudenville, Wooster and elsewhere before coming to Columbus to address the Jefferson club's banquet.

Today he will speak in a number of cities and towns OB his way to Steubenville. Previous.to his appearance at the banquet, progressive Democrats met In 'conference here and gave out statements, saying they would carry all Of the I 1 a i VI IUO Steamship men characterized Int 6 ht a was picked up marine hospital service, flood i congressional districts in the state rtisacior ac 'the mnst startiinir the Carmania. When it a i have become pxtremelv amii- u.miiin. the disaster as 'the most startling news which has come in from the sea since the advent of wireless telegraphy." The flrst heard of the accident was about 1 o'clock yesterday morn- was jtions have become extremely acul.t federal guards learned a the damage was a are threatening the serious and could be repaired hy the quarantine station which carpenter, the signal "0 Orleans. The despatch states that levees are being thrown up was flashed.

The holes in the were a a the station and Uiat it is ox- pour in. With considerable difficulty communication may lie cut off at any time. ing, when a bulletin from Montreal fet dee P- One wa5 Just above jpected thai 'telegraphic stated that the Allan line offices I ater line a bel there had received a wire'ess from Permitting a quantity of water tn Captain Gamhel, of their steamer, Virginian, stating that the Titanic they wen? patched up and the To Hold Confei-cnrp. i Jackson, A i Brewer received ,1 telegram assisted. afternoon trom Governor had a.

hard fight to bring of A a a asking him to of Louisiana. i i and A a a at Helena nest a a for conference on the flood i a i Governor Brewer replied a he he on a The governors of I i i and Tennessee ivill he i i had sunk. Scene ot Desolation. Left on the surface, however, were lifeboats from the Titanic, and in! was calling for assistance after a col-! a ara TMade her lision with an iceberg. The Virginian's captain added that he was heading his boat for the 'P sai(i Captain "I meet i governors Titanic, whose position was said to never saw ife he about 350 miles south of Cape We encoun Race, Newfoundland.

Immediate forty-two degrees." inquiry in an urgent'dispatch to the Marconi station at Cane was answered soon afterward In the following words: Signal Sent Out. "At 10:25 last night ship Titanic called S. 0. S. anr! re- Tied having struck an The steamer said a immediate as them, a.

stated in the meager, re-l a a5 uired Half an ports-received up to a late afterward another-massage came re-' were some 670 suUors. These, The work of getting the ifeboats i away, the work of allaying the to the advlceB the ar iath a pll of the great crowd of passengers as ifked and ls now on her way they were sinking the head and (lie women were being! APPEARANCE IS THE much as possible, the work of keeping the pumps in operation and the engines throbbing--these tasks and icebergs and amid a countless others were directed by ice the Cunard liner, Car-j captain Smith, the venerable commander of the Olympic, who dis-1 ttlt of speeding toward New Vorh today carrying more than SM passengers of the White Star steamship, Titanic, which went off the Grand Banks, Newfoundland, yesterday, after ram- King a mountainous berg. The Carpaihia win arrive late Thursday or early wireless messages sent early loday were received from Captain Rostrom Cunard lin, when the snip was in latitude 41.4o north and longitude 50.25 west, read as follows: "I am proceeding to New York unless otherwise ordered, with off in the lifeboats. The weather was calm and clear, the Titanifi's wireless operator re- with them to New York. For the rest, the scene as the Cart iiui nun im pathia came up was one of rtesola-j i tne 1 1 i CAUSE OF RUMORS, The following unclaimed mail re- at.

the local post- 1 office: Busier. I a 1 i a Mrs. a i 8.VP1', May Mrs. V. i i i a Craven, L.

i a L. a Mrs. a i Cues, 1 Fannie finny, Mrs. i i ported and he Ihe position Grand Jury Investigation i Green, Gnlrlie Lucas of the Carpathia by the e. One sent at 7:55 a.

about 500. Afte having consulted ith Mr. Ismay and considering the circumstances with so much ice "out, concluded Xew York best. Large number icebergs and twenty- field of Ice with bergs almost This message, presumably delay- in transmission, was later reeeiv- ea fr the same source: April a. Captain Rostrom, steamship, via Cape Race: Titanic iceberg, sunk Monday 3 a.

-MS north, 50.14 west. Car- Picked up many passengers Will wire full particulars Proceeding New York." THE QCEAX HORROR Has Brought a Shock to the Civilized World. Su rS rk 16 -Th Wnlte Titanic, the world's nf EtMm5hi has gone hsr L350 passengers and if S60 men on board. of the message from the i reporting the Titanic and tion. All that remained of the 510,000,000 floating palace were some bits of wreckage.

The greatest ship and 50.14 west longitude. The Marconi station at Cape notified the Virginia. captain of latitude: and Inquiries as to Alleged Per- a i P. i save the two in Hamilton county, te home of Governor Harmon. Only half a dozen districts represented at the conference.

Governor Harmon was not present at tlu banduet to hear himself roasted. Colonel Bryan termed him Wall, street's candidate and the prince of reactionaries. He made his principal points against Harmon's opposition to the Bryan cause In 1S96 and his alleged support of "big business." Colonel Bryan received demonstrative applause from the 700 banquet- ers and cries of "No, no," when said thai others could poll more than Ho said that Thomas Jetlorson fits in with the militant spirit of of Ihe day and de! Glared ari-'tocmsy dying throughout the wnrld. Why He Is In Ohio. "I am 'teviting my time to help' p.nminpif- r-ro'irosslvo." said he.

1 i "Tho we-, to do it is to keep a 4 1" am In Ohio to tell them not to allow state pi'tri to indorse a prince ot. reactionaries. There's nothing personal in my opposition to Governor Harmon. I am, as friendly- to him as he has been to mo. The Issue la tho same as In ISflli.

the people a a i Wall street. The money question was merely an incident as the a i is an issue now." Colonel Bryan said a Governor I Harmon, then years of age. had played almost superhuman power! in the world bad gone down, i i i a 3dvls ed a he of mind and body as the world's 1 in ner downward plunge hun- most horrible sea disaster crowned di of human lives. his long and honorable service on In the cabins were 230 women and children, but it is not known how the high seas. Words from Ship.

I many there were among The Titanic struck the iceberg at I third-class passengers. the 740 10:25 Sunday night and foundered at 2:20 yesterday morning. When the Virginian arrived on the scene, her passengers and crew beheld only the small boats with their precious In the first cabin there were 128 women and fifteen children and In the second cabin seventy-nine women and eight children. A ray of hope appeared shortly he- human cargoes and a dismal scene; fore 11 o'clock last night in a mes- of wreckage. "Sinking by the head, and women are being rushed into the lifeboats," were the last words that sputtered into the wireless room of the Virginian from the Titanic.

All through the night and until the wireless station was silenced sage to New York from the operator at the Marconi station at Sable island, near the scene of the disaster. Answering a i i regarding the delivery of wireless messages to the passengers of the Titanic, the operator reported that it was difficult to deliver them, "as the over hundreds of miles of sea from i passengers are believed to be dis- the antennae of the giant liner a little band of operators flashed the mystic and magic O. oh, Save--the worldwide cry of distress on the ocean. The Collision. Every wireless operator persed among-several vessels." Eager After News.

Even this faint indication that other vessels than the Carpathia had picked up survivors of the Titanic was eagerly seized upon by thou- sands of relatives and friends of those was proceeding the scene nf the disaster. The wireless operator on the Virginian said the Titanic's "signals were blurred and eaded abruptly." The presence of an a large number of icebergs in the a of transatlantic liners was Indicated by wireless last week. Twelve hours before the news of the Titanic's accident reached the world the serious menace of Ihe icebergs was pointed out by the arrival here of the Cunard line steamer, Carmania, which reported having dodged twenty-five big bergs, some of them more than 250 feet high. The Carmania reported a the French steamship, Niagara, hart had a worse experience, having bumped into two small bergs, which punched holes in her hull. The Niagara had the experience on Thursday.

The Titanic undoubtedly ran into this same ice banK jurj- in Qises Tried Is Xow Mngrel. Mrs. a Lewis, i a oinlj i rcsUlen Cleveland in pecterl--Speculation as to a Mrs. Dora npponiiis him in and said Har- Knowlnlge of the Senator. Agnes i Mrs.

Olin Price, Mrs. a sympathies haven't changed. Senator R. H. i of Pros! 3 a Robins' 1 i He asked support for Governor Wil- peci, was a witness before the a i i a RhodBbe-ck, son rind Wilson delegates.

Governor lin county grand Tuesday. i i ra JI j' a i i i lif Mnir Harmor hail twice appearance gave rise lo renewed i a of a grand j-ry bribery investigation and i i i as to a-l- legcd committed in ihose cases i have been i as well as to the i i a in the Senator a case. The a that Ihe grand will reconvene next Monday, added credence to Ihe a a Meter, Mrs. Ollie a Woods, .1. K.

Wor.ds, Airs. Pearl Wpston, Mrs. a i Misi; Korris. i I i i Wesley Bussy, i a Fred B. Cloud, Cnnvin, Bennie Dear, J.

A. Geiger, Bchvin Wednesday's Ohio State had twice supported him Van-! a for president after he had Cora been nominated, which he said was quite different from supporting him before. Governor Harmon, he declared, knew of coci'cjon used to best him In his Ihrpp. defeats. He arraigned Governor Harmon fnr fighting him In N'ehraska and promiF.erl the lianquetors that if he were defeated for delegate he James J.

i i i a i i Mr. and Mrs. i Welcome K. I a a 0 anyway. 1 Hill and J.

P. Morgan favored Gov- Considerable i a i was i A Di i i i i yesterdav concerning a a a '''arry II. Miller, fi. r. Senator Finefrock as a witness.

I Jlood "manne! F. Palm. prevailing belief is a he was lo 3 Tl Prertmore, Klisha 'called upon to give ccirfencp as filter, F. a i Dnlary Bribery i i senators who es- 1 Woods, Charles Wilson. A.

caped i i i the first in- 1, Sebastiano i c.ealano a ernor a he said. "I know hasnl been a cam- 1 in which I couldn't have pur- rhasiTl Ihe presidency if I would the pooplo." falfl Colonel Eryan. He conltl have had the of the interests if lie had promised to name judges selected by them. The speaker attacked Governor Firms--McDowell i Harmon for attacking the initiative pany. a Hotel.

a referendum before the constitu- The state was anxious to have' 1 Poreign--A. Norris, Miss tlonal convention. N'o man, he said. I Senator Finefrock take i stand a Uoininico, a a a was lit for the presidency who had broken a r'a'fcrrn pledge. "Governor vestigation.

Senator Finefrock subpenaed as witness (or Ihe defense a i Wiugo. In the a case but was no! ed to testify. en N'olsi Salvatorp, range of the maimed vessel dropped who had set sail on her for this her other messages to locate her, country. and meanwhile relayed the fatal The White Star line offices had en- up three dots, three dashes and three jdeavored vainly from 8 a. m.

Lightning does most damage dots to the world. The collision occurred in latitude 41.46 north and longitude 50.14 till 11 p. m. to get. further word from the Olympic about the Titanic.

Vice President Franklin said at 11 west, 1,150 miles east of New i 0 oclt th ey were still hopeful of and miles Cape Race, get(ing er message last, night. The company also was trying to get into wireless touch with the Carpathia and filed a message asking that if possible the complete list the most westerly point of New foundland. Contrary to earlier despatches there was no storm when the vessel The weather was clear and struck. the sea calm. When a girl will agree with he were a to i a nice opinion her parents a of a defense to pass him up man, tie Is of no interest to York Press.

A marriage has been issued to Miss Leon Williams and Mr. William H. Sams. Prosecutor nnr Attorney General Hogan i forecast! the work to be taken up hy I i i When a i say wail was advertised. M.

illckerson, P. M. a the names of the survivors said to i on board Carpathia be sent by I Almost as soon as the Virginian! re es picked up the distress signal it was! 8ueh ljst Vfce Presidcnt Franh LAST MESSAOE SE.VT BY L1.VER a a ever, a i i mor" i investigation a th" first. i probably i be made. They a admitted bcinc In possession or evi- dence, which, were it a little stron'g-! CAUSE OF SMALL FIRE McDonald Homo on Prospect Street Scene of Maze.

A rubber hose useri to connect a CLYDE RUSSELL DIES atfi 9 cause of a small OF BLOOD-POISONING fire at the home nf Alice B. McDonald, mi Prospect street, o'clock Tuesday at- fire a In ths Mr. oncl Mrs. Miles fiusscll Ijfi.se I One. Clyde RiiBSieli.

aged five recorded by the operator on the Olympic, the Titanic's sister ship, lin believed to be of the utmost i Washington. April pprtance, as hope was waning among a is be i ie ved to be one of er, result, in I i being Some are of the belief a a The room ocoiiiiie-d by Edith Shetterly, in (he tipt'iiir? part of (he house. at the of his parents. Mr. and i connected Mrs.

Miles Russell. other i i TM a 3 at the. i ho raciterl off and the IT" 1 or. a i a i i U1 a 1 at' I Wbite Star ne Offidals last -nich reached here! that any others than these had lives the 5 r.kely to total 1,400 souls, in its concluding "Ted and believed here that an error, unless tie Titanic passengers on board than that hour the Olympic was miles from New York enroute Southampton. Arrives Too to The Captain Goes Down.

Amid confusion at the offices i The Olympic forged ahead full situation was studied as calmly as' Mr. Franklin figured i i (notwithstanding his fervent hope the scene too late to be of any assistance. ers, Virginian and Parisian could hardly have reached the scene of th morning. That would ha Carpathia reached to Liverpool, but turned been nearly eight hours the ta 51- sn of llt9 wasjBDV.it and out on full speed toward Titanic sank. mouBttia-jthe TlMialc's positlbs.

It WM 3u the the last mescages sent from the Titanic before she struck the iceberg received at the hydrograpliic office in Washington April 14. the day preceding the nisht on which the collision occurred. The message reafl: "April I a steamer, A i a reported by Radio-Telegraph passing two large icebergs in latitude 41.27, i 50.18. Titanic." This indicates that the Titanic had knowledge of ice in ber vicinity as her position when she struck was latitude 41.46, longitude 50.14. Finofrock was a i before the srand corl Clf cast a a a TMn a on which the stove was stand- streets, Wednesday at I I clock.

i a An alarm was The chili-l iiuii Ijer-ri ill for the past n( 0 departments, two weeks of a form of ei I( i i hlaze nearly ex- i i i wlK'n liremen reached The a services wr i a the not yet being lo- i to tell a he concern- i the of Ihe 1 senators who helpe'i to a i a a i i Senator a fin 0 0 evening Senator a and Cetons The rianiage amounted to are alleged to have received 2 0 each from Dec-live a Harrison i Smiley in room 31" of the i i hotel. i The senators testified in the man ase they were a i a I meeting of taxation roinniittcr- i in the smoking room of the from 5 i 6 a i The money is alleged to have changed hands between 5:30 and 0 citlert on. ARTHUR STRAW IS the i a i a a i the father of an fii'filnancf! proscuted to council a iieo to i i i i Ihe use of nib- IN LUCK SUNDAY licr-hnsc connections gas stoves. As of Tuesday's lire being rtiliher-husc ronnectlon, arm- nan( prohauly be C'i iiex; Monday night. o'clock.

There are a lot of heroes in the but. no woman ever seems to realize that she Is married to one of Laflne, 0.. A a a pruppcrou er residing fouthwcst of I i a place, muEl a been born under a star. a when Mr. Straw i i the row was killed bv a am', a fche.

fell OP. i he escaped i i Tae cow was instantly. An easy way to flatter a young, woman is to telj tier she doesn't eat any more a a bird. 'The man who is old enough to i know better is usually too old to do better. WSPAPER.