The News from Frederick, Maryland • Page 12

Prepare for the Worst Eitebllihed 1M3 Publlthed Every Evening Exctpt by the MAT SOUTHERN PTG. MF9. CO. Nerfh Court MZ-1177 Frederick, Md 11701 SUBSCRIPTION RATES copy I cents by mill, payable in advance- One month V. 25; Three IS.50; Six month! M.50; One yeer 112.00.

By carrier: 30 cents per week; 11.30 per rnonthi I15.M per yeer. Member Audit Bureau Of Circulation! The Aiteclettd Preit Is entitled to use for republlcatlon ef all local printed In this newspaper as well as all AP news dispatches Second Clau Postage Paid at Frederick, Md. Page 4 THE NEWS, Frederick. Maryland Friday, April 1965 Juvenile Crime Rises Juvenile crime, or delinquency, is still setting new records. The number of young people brought before juvenile courts is growing faster than the population.

But there are some marked changes in the pattern. According to the Children's Bureau of the Welfare Administration, which is always a bit behind on its statistical information, nearly one million juveniles were brought to court in 1963. While the population between 10 and 17 years of age grew four per cent from 1962 the number of youths in that age brought before the courts increased eight per cent Traffic cases rose 17 per cent in one year. There is thus no change in the overall incidences of juvenile crime which have been almost steadily on the increase since the end of World War II, but there are some noteworthy changes hi the pattern of delinquency. The number of female delinquents is rising faster than the male; cases handled by urban courts increased eight per cent, compared to a four per cent rise in the number of rural cases.

This was a reversal of a trend in recent years toward more numerous cases in rural areas. The rate of delinquency now is three times higher in urban areas than in rural. One-third of court appearances in 1963 were for traffic arrests, demonstrating anew the teenager's fondness for--and frequent immaturity in handling the automobile. Most of the remain- isig two-thirds were for offenses against property. Larceny, burglary and auto theft are the primary crimes of male youths.

The relatively infrequent arrests for offenses against persons is another depature from the trend of a few years ago, when gang and individual attacks were common among lawbreaking youths. Understanding the changes in juvenile criminal behavior helps parents, law officers and others concerned with the far- too-frequent incidences of this segment of crime pinpoint the cause. The change from personal attacks to assaults on property probably is largely the result of crackdowns in many of the large cities against teenage gangs and personal violence. If this has been a deterrent advocates of strict enforcement of the law against juveniles and adults alike have won a victory. What is more important the long-sought tool to stem the tide of rising juevenile crime may be at hand.

Future Of Draft This year marks the twenty- fifth anniversary of conscription in the United States. It might also mark the beginning of the end of the "temporary" peacetime draft if Congress can find a way of keeping military strength at the desired level without it. Fear that the military services cannot be adequately manned without the draft is what keeps the selective service system going of course. But as the population continues to grow and the number of servicemen remains constant the draft supplies a declining number of men. Last year it called up 112,386 men for the Army, the only service now dependent upon the system for part of its manpower More than 13 million men have been called to arms through the draft in the 25 years of its existence, most of them during World War II and the Korean War.

But for many years the 6,000 draft boards located throughout the country have sup- piled an average of only a few men a month each. Gen. Lewis Hershey, head of the selective service, contends the draft has had an indirect effect on voluntary enlistments. For every man drafted, he estimates three or four others volunteer rather than wait for the uncertainty of the draft. Undoubtedly there are some volunteers in this category, but whether their numbers are this large is debatable.

At any rate the case for selective service continuance would be stronger if it weren't for the inefficiency of manned draft boards which produce no more than two or three men a month. In addition to the active draft boards each state has a reserve selective service system to be employed in the event of an emergency beef-up in the armed services. Some time this month a committee appointed last April by the President to study the possibilities of ending the draft will make its report. One of the injustices of the present draft system which the committee should keep in mind when making its recommendations is that most of the men who are eligible for the draft will never serve. This is so simply because there are many times the number of youths between the ages of 18 and 19 than are needed.

Yet all must plan their futures around the contingency that they may be called away for several years at any time. The cost of this uncertainty in the lives of an important segment of society must be included in the final calculation. yesterday For My Part By Ray Cremley U. S. OFFICIALS IN SAIGON FACE DAILY BOMB THREAT Bombing of the U.

S. embassy in Saigon two Americans killed, 54 wounded and acting Ambassador U. Alexis Johnson cut by flying glass brings to mind a lunch with Johnson at his Saigon residence. The garden of Johnson's home was quiet and orderly. The house seemed almost empty.

The French built their colonial homes with simple spacious open lines. You'd think you were a thousand miles from any war. The service was tasteful the conversation subdued. The high ceiling fans moved slowly and noiselessly. There was hardly a sound as the two of us ate a light mixture of American Vietnamese food.

But there were three strands of wire along the top of the wall around the house and garden. There was a soldier in a sentry box at the gate. We'd ridden out in an embassy car with a plain clothes bodyguard riding next to the driver. As we ate we looked out the windows at the garden. From where we were seated the high- ceiling house seemed in fact to be all huge windows.

A Viet Cong without much effort could easily throw a grenade over the garden wall with its wire and into the house. He could almost do it blind and stand a reasonably good chance of hitting a window they were so numerous and so large. RIDING BACK TO THE EMBASSY, I couldn't help asking "How dangerous is it? Do you worry?" "I guess it's dangerous," Johnson said. "You see that little bridge just ahead? The Viet Cong know this is the way I come and go from home. The police found a bomb under that bridge a few days ago.

The presumption is that it was scheduled to go off when my car went you can't go on thinking about these things all the time. You'd never get anything done. You have to put them out of your mind." The embassy took precautions. Going there you'd get out of your taxi in the middle of the street pass through a "fence" of wire, then step into the embassy entry way where a U.S. Marine would check your credentials, phone upstairs to verify your appointment.

None of this would prevent anyone from throwing a bomb or setting off one in the street or in a next door building. It could happen any time. With all this there was very little air of danger or excitement. Despite the known danger and your own recollection of past incidents, there was very lit- The National Scene With Bruce Biossat MISSISSIPPI WAGES WAR ON ACTIVE KU KLUX KLAN Mississippi, relatively quiet and out of the national spotlight for the moment, struggles to contain the Ku Klux Klan which has heaped fresh trouble on neighboring Alabama. The battle is difficult.

Just recently klansmen, under the label "Whits Caps," dumped mimeographed sheets on porches and lawns in troubled Natchez, leveling scurrilous charges against white leaders. Using names the largely anonymous sheets accused local white police officers of consorting with Negro women. Some of the charges were directed at two persons close to Mississippi's Gov. Paul Johnson. Similar vicious material has been distributed in parts of Greenwood.

IT APPEARS TO BE NO ACCIDENT that Paul Johnson is one target for these assaults, since his state police investigators spent several months in a concentrated probe into Klan in the Natchez area. At one period, investigators were stopping automobiles in droves, searching glove compartments and trunks for incriminating evidence. The state inquiries in Natchez and McComb, another Mississippi town where the Klan was involved in serious racial violence are said to mark the first time that Mississippi state authority has beau used to iovea- tigate racially connected crimes on a broad scale. Johnson was enabled to enlarge his cadre of investigators after the Mississippi Legislature voted to expand the Highway Patrol by 200 men. Some officers were freed for plain-clothes duty.

Not too many of these men are as yet highly skilled investigators, but the number is growing. They have good ties with the FBI, and some Mississippi officers are in training at the FBI academy in Washington. The 3964 Highway Patrol expansion law gave this body full police powers for the first time. They may be exercised statewide or in particular areas. LATE LAST SUMMER THE FBI DID the Mississippi Highway Patrol a sort of backhanded favor.

Its own inquiries into the Klan suggested Klan infiltration of the patrol itself. State authorities were handed chapter and verse. There was an official crackdown, resulting in some dismissals from the force. A high official says one uniformed puiol- nian was discovered to have a Klan costume in his patrol car. Paul Johnson insists a fine screen is being used to process 100 new recruits for the force.

Though Johnson's investigators are credited with curbing the Klan in McComb and the recent flurry of vile literature in tht latter com. tie air of danger or excitement. Despite the known danger and your own recollection of past inc. dents these precautions somehow seemed overly dramatic, so peaceful and quiet were the residential streets where Johnson lived and so normal the work within the embassy. THE TERRORIST CAPTURED in this latest bombing claimed to be no Viet Cong.

He said he'd joined the rumble for $150, not for principle. When we were in Saigon, Viet Cong experts assured me some major terrorist acts in the city ir the past had been by men hired by the Viet Cong. "You can go into the Saigon shacktowns and find men who would do anything for a little money," said a man who had made it his business to live awhile in those slums. The Viet Cong, it's understood, hires these outsiders because it is chary about the way it expands its professionals. A year or so ago, one high placed American suggested infiltrating the slums of Saigon vith agents and self help pro- giams so there'd be government ears to the gound to spy out such terrorist attacks in in achance Apparently nothing came of this proposal.

munity indicates the fight goes on. Some independent appraisers in the state voice regret, too, at what they consider the too- passive role played by state investigators in the probe into the slaying last summer of three civil rights workers near Philadelphia, Miss. The FBI is said to have borne the load there almost alone. Once again, klansmen were involved In Mississippi, as in Ala- Dama and elsewhere it is assumed FBI agents have infiltrated the Kian. A HOME-GROWN ORGANIZATION a the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is the principal focus of Klan membership in Mississippi.

The roster is said to include perhaps as many as 4,000 persons, though some observers place the figure much lower. For all its evident detailed knowledge of Klan affairs the FBI is limited in action. Con- scqucntlv, a bigger, better trained state investigative force, with its intimate knowledge of klans- men can operate as a powerful deterrent. "They are not ax delicate in their touch as the FBI has to be" says one observer. Mississippi though its combat with the Klan is not over seems well advanced compared to neighboring Alabama and Louisiana 10 the difficult struggle.

Fifty Years Ago Twenty Years Age Items From The Newt-Port Filet April 1 mi "GOOD BYE, JOE!" "GOOD luck, Joe!" And these were the words of hundreds of persons- men, women and children--who lined the streets at noon today to see the years' worn-gray-haired figure of Uncle Joe Walling ride upon his mustang on the first lap of a transcontinental journey, a unique enterprise, seldom if ever before undertaken by a man 63 years old. THE MOST AMBITIOUS PROGRAM ever formulated in Frederick to instruct school children in swimming was announced by Major D. John Markey, president of the Y.M.C.A. this morning. CARLOADS OF horses, intended for export to warring nations of Europe, passed through Brunswick Sunday.

The train stopped there only a few minutes. Each car contained twenty horses making 400 in the shipment. A NEW BRICK PAVEMENT IS being laid in front of the residence of Alderman John Grove on West Patrick Street. Items From The Newi-Post FUei April 2, MR. C.

GRAYSON STEVENS, Lee Place, has been'sect on business for several weeks by the Fairchild Aircraft Corporation to one of its sub-contracting firms in Fort Worth, Tex. He traveled by way of American Airlines, leaving Tuesday evening. UNITED STATES SUBMARINES have sunk 11 more enemy vessels, including a large aircraft carrier, two destroyers and two escort vessels, in Pacific waters, the Navy announced today. THE GERMANS LAUNCHED their first coordinated attack to break an escape corridor through the Allies' steel ring circling the Ruhr. Hard fighting still was in progress early tonight.

A BILL WHICH WOULD HAVE provided horse racing and pari- mutuel betting at the Taneytown race track was reported today to have been killed in the State Washington I OdaV By David Lawrence DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. AND THE LAW WASHINGTON Dr. Martin Luther King, one of the leaders of the Negro crusade, may not have realized it but ht has just presented the best defense yet made for the so-called "defiance of the law" by Governors Faubus of Arkansas, Barnett of Mississippi, and Wallace of Alabama. Dr.

King won the 1964 Nobel Prize for promoting the cause of peace, but he now plainly says that resistance to the law is one of the ways to accomplish reform. He was asked on NBC's program, "Meet The Press" to explain his reasoning as he led the second march on Montgomery on March 9, in defiance of a federal court order not to march. The stenographic transcript quotes Dr. King as having answered as follows: "First I did not consider myself defying a court order that particular day. I consulted with my attorneys before the march and they stated that they felt that it was an invalid order that it would not be--that I would not be in contempt of court, of violating the court order, if I led the march, to the point of having a moral confrontation with the state troopers at the point where the people were brutalized on Sunday, so I still don't consider that breaking a court order, or breaking what I consider an unjust law.

"On the other hand, I must be honest enough to say that I do feel that there are two types of laws. One is just law and one is an unjust law. I think we all have moral obligations to obey just laws. On the other hand, I think we have moral obligations to disobey unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. "I think the distinction here is that when one breaks a law the conscience tells him is unjust, he must do openly he must it cheerfully, he must do it lovingly, he must do it civilly, not uncivilly, and he must do it with a willingness to accept the penalty.

And any man who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail in order to arouse the conscience of the community of the injustice of the law is at that moment expressing the very highest respect for law." But there is a distinction to which Dr. King did not draw attention. The Department of Justice instituted contempt proceedings against Governor Barnett when he ignored a court order but it didn't begin any such proceedings against Dr. King. In fact his attorneys probably Kelt that toe trier which It NEWSPAPER! Dr.

King wai disobeying would be reversed in a few days and that he wouldn't be taking much of a chance if he violated it. Governor Barnett in his tussle with reference to a court order also stated that he had consulted his attorneys and that they had told him he could challenge it, but would then face contempt proceedings. It so happens that such proceedings are still pending against Governor Barnett. Even though he is no longer in office and the purpose of the court order has since been achieved. It is unlikely that the Department of Justice will drop the proceedings against Mr.

Barnett because in the political world such contradictions occur. Dr. King in his interview declared that the segregationists do not challenge the laws as much as they might. He added: "The fact is that most of the segregationists and racists that I see are not willing to suffer enough for their beliefs in segregation and they are not willing to go to jail. "I think the chief norm for guiding the situation is the wil- 1'ngness to accept the penalty and I don't think any society can call an individual irresponsible who breaks a law and willingly accepts the penalty, if conscience tells him that that law is unjust and I think that this is a long tradition in our society, it is a long tradition in biblical history." There are many who will dispute the doctrine that the individual is not "irresponsible who bieaks a law and willingly accepts the penalty." The theory of government under law is that, once law has been firmly established and explicitly set forth by the legislative body and by the courts, it should be obeyed, and that there is no justification for deliberate violation by anyone Tom Wicker of the New York Times, who was on the television panel, asked this question: "How are we to enforce law when a doctrine is preached that one man's conscience may tell him that the law is unjust, when other men's consciences don't tell them that?" Dr.

King, in answering, said that law could be enforced even under such conditions "by not allowing anarchy to develop." But it could be that the Nobel Peace Prize winner was expressing himself as ambiguously as did Senator Goldwater in his now-famous maxim: "Extremism in the Defense of Liberty is no vice; moderation In the pursuit of justice ft) NEWSPAPER!.