Pittsburg Dispatch from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania • Page 23

wBEm 'itW STMFOBraOJECT Nothing Too Good for the University He is Building in California in Memory of His Son. HE OFFERED HUXLEY 50,000. A French Scientist SaTant Who is Embalming Bodies ly Depositing Metal Upon Them by Electricity. CKDELTIES OP GENERAL SAXCHEZ. iltuxtn CLilucd in Hating Other Metili to Tinttge by a Paris Ecitatiit Ad- Senator Stanford spent a great deal of time while he was in Europe this rammer looking up matters concerning his university.

He expects to have the President and the Cabinet and a number of the most noted statesmen go out to California when the institution is formally dedicated, and he is already laying his plans to this effect. I looked oyer some of the accounts which were sent in by the workmen now encaged upon this institution, and the amount of money being spent is enormous, writes Prank G. Carpenter to The Dispatch. The monthly outlay in some cases is as high as S100.O0O, and the Senator Rets an itemized account of everything. The papers concerning the university ould fill a dry-coods box, and he has received over 700 applications for professorships from prominent educators in tnis country and Europe.

He offered, I understand, Huxley 550,000 a year if he would come Irom England to California and take a professorship, and he proposes to get tne very best men he can regardless of expense. He is buying a great quantity of articles for the new museum of the university, and during the past week a box of photographs, as big as a shoe box, was shipped to him. This box contained photographs of the mummies aad antiquities which he had purchased during the summer, and there is no doubt that his museum will be one of the finest in the country. He will get a great quantity of articles from Greece through the explorer Schlieman, and I understand that he furnished a large part of the money with which Schlieman made his excavations on the site of old Troy. His collection of Egyptian antiquities is already very fine, and the library of the new college will be one of the finest in the United States.

Senator Stan-lord looks upon this college as his monument, and he proposes to make it one of the most remarkable institutions in the world. Senator Stanford will be in Washington on the first day of the session. He is one of the most regular attendants among the Senators, and he earns his salary as much as though it was all that he had to live upon. hen he came to Washington it was supposed that he would spend only about a week or two a session at the Capitol, and it was also supposed that he would be a lobbyist in favor ot all bills regarding tne Pacific Railroad and the other measures in which he is financially interested. When he was nominated this was the view held by the Legislature.

A number ot other candidates were in the field. All of them were railroad men, and were, in a measure, the under-strappcrs of Stanford and Huntington. Stanford was not a candidate until one day a member from the lower part of the State got up and proposed his name, saying: "All of these candidates are railroad men. They are the puppies of the Pacific system, nnd if I've cot to vbte for a railroad man I don't propose to vote for one of the puppies. We had better send the old dog himself, and I propose the name of Iceland Stan ford." Stanford was then asked if he would take I tne place, ue replied 01 course ne wouia and he was elected.

Four weeks ago he did not much care whether he was returned or not He was in Germany at the time. When he got back here he found that Huntington was fighting him. The opposition stirred his blood and he wen! into tbe campaign and made California Republican. He will now come back to the Senate lor another six years. Eikcolk's Brusque Chabactke.

Jr. AlcPnerson has in his possession a relic obtained from the State Department which illustrates Mr. Lincoln's eccentrioity, and at the same time tells the story of one of his appointments with all the conciseness and comprehensiveness of an inscription on an ancient coin or a mural tablet, says the Washington Post. It is a common visiting card, with the name, as I remember it, of A. J.

Xcichsebaurn inscribed thereon, and under it is written, "Applicant for a consulate," and under that, "Eecommended by Senator MacDougali," and on the back of the card, in Lincoln's handwriting, is tbe following: "The applicant married Mac-Dougall's old sweetheart. Let him be appointed. A. Lincoln." And this card had been transmitted to the State Department cs the authority to make ont the commission. STANLEY'S Makager Major Pond, who is managing Mr.

Stanley on his tour of 118 lectures, for which the explorer gets $116,000, is a man of huge proportions, great hejrt and ready wit, says the Philadelphia Inquirer. He is a Western man, having been brought up in Wisconsin in the early days, when all the towns on the rivers avere, in the fall of the year, at tbe mercy of the droves of rivermen, who "drove" the logs down to the sawmills. The Major has many thrilling incidents to relate ot life at Osh-kosh, when "the boys" ran the town and nearly destroyed it occasionally. The Major is the soul ot good humor, though he has had some very hard experiences as a platform impressario. Henry Ward Beecher died in the middle of an engagement.

Stanley on his last tour was not one-fourth the way through his course when he lelt to SmI Emin. He is now drawing the largest audiences of his life In New York Citv the first night the seats sold for 514,000, on tne aggregate of which Mr. Stanley not 55,000 and charities the rest. The two lectures here must have aggregated 510,000, to the Major bids fair to come out whole on his contract, which is the largest ever made with any lecturer. Some years ago the Major had the most valuable autograph album in existence so far as stage people and lecturers were concerned.

Suddenly it disappeared. Tne Major was inconsolable and offered 5500 for its return. It afterward turned up in one of Bernhardt's trunks, where a thoughtless maid had put it after the actress had put her name in it and supposed it had been returned. The Major is ail smiles over the prospects of his tour. He says Stanley and Beecher are the two greatest men of this century.

A Modeen Neeo General Sanchez, who has been engaged in making the lives of President Bogran, of Honduras, and his followers miserable, is a terrible man, ac cording to Elihu Smead. a capitalist of Uewton, who arrived the other day at San Francisco. "From the account I received," said Mr. Smead, "General Sanchez, the Guatamalan cbiet of artillery, is a very determined, cold-blooded lellow. On one occasion, when he was going to a reception at the bouse of the President of the Republic, two ot his soldiers quarreled, and one killed the other.

Sanchez heard the noise and went to investigate. The homicide told him what happened and endeavored to defend his conduct. Sanchez said: 'Well, both you men are better out of the way. Go and join tbe and he pulled his revolver and 8hot the man dead. Then he continued on to the President's house, told the President in an off-hand way that two of his men had a row and he Jiad shot one ot them, and then sat down to dinner.

The above story is from the President's daughter. "During the Guatemala-Salvador war several young American telegraph operators in Guatemala were engaged endeav oring to keep up a communication on the wire with the array. One of these told me that onexlay when he and some of his colleagues were riding with Sanchez they passed a field in which some peons were working. Sanchez looked at them and said in a careless way, 'I wonder how my nerves are to-dayl' "He then unslung his Winchester from his saddle, took aim, and bowled over one of the peons. The others ran for their lives.

Sanchez again drew a qead and knocked over another man. Then, apparently satisfied that his nerve was all right, he put back his rifle and rode along. "It is also said of him that during the war a drummer boy of about 16, who had become homesick and wanted to return home, broke down and began crying. He blubbered around Sanchez's tent and asked his chief for permission to go home. 'Yes, you may go said Sanchez, and without more ado he drew his revolver and shot the boy dead.

On one occasion, when his artillery was surrounded in battle, the only escape was up an almost impossible hillside. Sanchez ordered his men to scale it with their guns. He stayed behind, and as soon as a man began to straggle Sanchez shot him dead. He escaped with his guns. Sanchez is only 27 years old." A Young Man's Nebve A month ago Charles Lemmon, the son of a well-to-do farmer near Milford, was struck by a train on the Little Miami.

The engine struck him, running over both lees near the knee. It was a dark, nasty night, and the rain was pouring down in torrents. Young Lemmon, after the train had so cruelly maimed him lor life, managed to drag himself some distance from the track. Then he took off his coat and vest and tore the latter into strips, and, winding one around his right leg.between the hip and knee.he hastily improvised a tourniquet by tying the pieces together and inserting a piece of pine board he had managed to find iuto the strip, twisted it so tightly as to stop the flnw of blood, and then the left leg was treated in the same manner, the stick used for this being a dead limb. Thus, while suffering terribly in a condition under which most men would have resigned themselves to death, the brave boy saved his life.

Fearing that his efforts would make him faint, he struggled desperately to Keep from it, succeeding so well that tbe feeling of faint-ness passed away entirely. Then he stoically laid himself up against the aide of the house and awaited the dawning of the day. There through the long hours of the terrible night the poor fellow lay, enduring torments of agony almost beyond description. With the morning came help, and the brave fellow was borne away to his home. Dr.

Belt was summoned, and be in turn telegraphed to Cincinnati to Dr. Phythian. It was 10 o'clock when that physician arrived, and the boy had not uttered one word of complaint, although his bleeding lips attested the wonderful power of endurance that his will was compelling. Then without administering any opiates the doctor cut off both legs and canterized the wounds. In tbe face of this most agonizing ordeal Lemmon did not utter a word of complaint, though after the operation he fainted away.

Then another remarkable feature was manifested in the case a feature almost beyond parallel in medical history. Exactly three weeks from that time Lemmon was calmly sitting up in bed, almost entirely well, and smoking his pipe. Lemmon is" 21 years of age, and previous to his accident lived with his parents and worked on his father's farm. Many prominent physicians interested in the case have called on'him, and bear witness to the truth of this most remarkable occurrence. Champagne Otis Field, who kept a billiard room and bar at the corner of Fulton and Nassau streets, was the first New Yorker to make a specialty of selling American wines in this city, says the New York Press.

His place "was closed many years ago. He made a feature of sell ing American champagne by the glass. It was wine made by Judge Nicholas Long-worth, a noted jurist of Cincinnati, who was the first grape grower in Southern Ohio to begin the manufacture of wine. Judge Lougworth spent years in experimenting in champagne, and finally produced a beverage charged with carbonic acid gas, which became very popular. When Judge Lougworth died he lelt a fortune of a couple of million dollars, and his heirs, although continuing to make wine, let the champagne business die out H.

T. Dewey was the first wine grower of Northern Ohio, as Judge Longworth was of Southern Ohio. He was a jeweler in Sandusky, when the idea of raising grapes and making wine came to him nearly 30 years ago, and is now a hale and hearty, venerable looking man with flowing gray beard, perhaps 85 years old. He followed Judge Long-worth's experiments, but went further. The Ohio Legislature having passed a law against adulterating wines and liquors, in which oarbonic gas was named as an adulterant, he began to make champagne and put it away to gather its own gas, as is done in France.

He had such success that the California wine growers were stimulated to try the same process, and now there are a dozen American champagnes in the market. When you go from France into Germany you find German wines altogether different from those you have had in France. Yet vou do. not thereby condemn the German wines as unfit to drinc If you go on to Spain and Italy you will find the wines still different, but yon will not say the wines are not good in those countries. Yet the American public has been falsely taught that because American wines do not taste like French wines they are not good wines.

It is a curious fact that, while this impression prevails here, we are exporting wines to Europe, where they are bought to some extent as we buy French wines here; in preference to the home product Then again, quantities of American wines are treated by dishonest dealers and sold as foreign wines, which is an imposition on the public. How dear to our heart Is the Thanksgiving dinner. As fond recollections presents it to view. When father'd come home from the rattle a winner And bring along with him a gobbler or two. Ahl then ii the kitchen was hurry and bnstle, bis weeping at having the onions to shell.

And mother just making the whole ol us hustle To hasten the dinner that filled us so well; The Thanksgiving dinner, the gorge us old dinner, The big turkey dinner that filled us so well. Oh, how can I all the ingredients measure That dear bill ot lading prescribed as our store. The turk, and his mvttic abdominal treasure, The beans and tbe'giblets. the gravy galore. The cider we brouplit in a jug Irom the depot.

The trnck agricultural none conld excel. And ah! the lush fruit of cucurblta pepo The dear pumpkin pies that we garnered so welll Yum, yum, what a dinner! That tark and "punt" dlnnerl That Thanksgiving dinner that crammed ug so well! Boxton Courier. Plating With Aluminum A highly important step in the great problem of utilizing aluminum has been taken. Its author is M. Brin, of Paris, says the New York Tribune, who is a well-known metallurgist and industrial chemist The metal is now produced in considerable quantities, and at a price much lower than a lew years ago.

But all that is nothing. It still holds its rank as a precious metal. Yet it is by far the most abundant of all metals and should be the cheapest of all. M. Brin believes, moreover, that it will prove to be the most useful of metals, displacing even iron and steel.

The invention which he has made relates to the plating of other metals with aluminum. His process is practically as follows: The metal to be plated, be it iron, steel, copper or what not, is first thoroughly cleaned in an acid hath. Then it is placid in a compound bath, the ingredients of which are borate of soda, hydratedaluminia. and some kind of fusible flux. Then-it 1 goes into a muffle, having several trays or fines for the admission of vapors and escape, of gases generated during the process.

The muffle is heated to a high pitch, and sails of aluminum, generally in the shape of chloride, are heated in a clav vessel until they vaporize; the vapors are then conducted into the muffle by one of the flues. As a result, aluminum is deposited on the prepared heated metal. To prevent oxidation, nitre gen is forced into the muffle along with the chloride of aluminum vapor. Only a small quantity of waste gases is formed during the process, and these, together with the surplns nitrogen, escape through the flues, but are collected and may be again used iu other ways. It is said that this method is very thorough; so thorough, indeed, that not only is a coating of aluminum deposited on the surface of the iron or copper, but much of the precious metal is actually absorbed by the heated and expanded iron or copper, so that an actual alloy is formed, which gradually shades off to a surtace of pure aluminum.

The value of this process ought to be very great This coatiug of aluminum is found to increase very materially the strength of the object to which it is applied. It is of utility in machinery, for axles, etc, because the aluminum is anti-frictional. Then it is not tarnished by either acids or alkalies, nor eaten into by them. This fact makes an aluminum plating most desirable for household utensils of all Kinds. Curiously enough, it both conveys heat more rapidly and retains it longer than almost any other known metal, which makes it of special value in cooking utensils.

An Endless Chain Elevator. I entered an office building in London, which was not far from the Bank of England, says a writer in the New York Tribune. In the corridor I saw a number of boxes following one another up one shaft and down another. They were attached to an endless chain, and were large enough to hold several persons. I looked at the machine in some doubt, when suddenly a man stepped out of one of the boxes, or cars, which was coming down, while it was in motion.

Pretty soon I saw other men jumping in and out of the cars. I at first hesitated about risking my limbs and life on the contrivance, but finally stepped into an ascending car, just before its bottom was on a level with the floor. NoJ sooner had I done thi3 than I began to get afraid that I might be crushed to death between the car and the floor or ceiling when I tried to step off. Of a sudden it struck me that if I did not get off at the top floor I would be carried to the roof, and then be stood on my head iu the car as it turned over. I was in a fever of anxiety, and could hardly screw up my courage to the point of alighting, but I managed to do this when the top floor was reached.

I found that it was much easier togetout than I had supposed, and when I finished my call I boldly rode down on the machine. I afterward learned that a man who did not get out Of an ascending car at the top floor would be in no danger of being turned upside down at the top of the shaft, because the car always maintains its npright position. Minnie Palmer's Beak. John B. Bogers, the husband of Minnie Palmer, whose matrimonial troubles has lately engaged public attention, has a photograph which looks at first aight like a picture of bis wife, with the end of tbe nose and a half of one eye cut off by the trimming of the edge of the paper.

On closer inspection it proves that the portrait of Minnie Palmer is only mciueuiai anu mat me pnotograpn aims to represent an object that lies on her shoulder. It is a live bear, and not only that, but a full-grown one. As it clings to the actress' shoulder and lays its head affectionately against her cheek it looks about as large as a particularly fat pug dog, so the assertion that it is lull grown is rather surprising. Mr. Bogers says that the animal is a native of Notthern Australia and is known as the baby bear, or sometimes the miniature bear.

It eats nothing but the leaves of th- gum tree, and if it cannot get these it dies. It has a fondness for hanging on the under side of a limb of a tree, clasping its legs around it. Some of the natives of Australia eat the flesh of the animal, butppople who are not. natives of Australia and ought to know better have a habit of shooting the little bear in mere wantonness and cruelty. When it is shot it still hangs to the bough of the tree, crying exactly like a baby, and even when' it dies its hold is not relinquished, and if its slayer wants its body he must knock it off the tree.

The particular specimen shown in Mr. Bogers' photograph was given to Miss Palmer by a friend in Australia, who thought it an appropriate gilt for her because its name was Minnie. Mr. Bogers, before sailing from Australia, got a large quantity of the gum tree leaves, and induced the steward of the ship to put them in the ice box for him. Everything went well till New Zealand was reached.

No bear of this kind had ever been brought so far as New Zealand before, and tlie papers there published long stories about the animal and the achievement of bringing it so Jar. nut its davs were numbered. When tbe ship reached the Samoan Islands it met with bad weather, which lasted lor four days. The bear lay on Mr. Bogers' shoulder and cried like a human baby, but managed to live through the storm for three days.

Then it died, and left only its counterleit presentment iu photographic form to be shown to friends in America. Stoeies op Eeicsson. Colonel William Church, in his book on Ericsson, just published, tells of his eccentrio life as follows: "Curious contrivances here and there about his rooms illustrated the great engineer's ingenuity in providing for his personal convenience. In a doorway of his bedroom two short ropes, with nippers at the ends, hung at about the height of his shoulders. To these nippers he iastened his coat, so that he could gel into it without lifting too high his rheumatic arms or subjecting himself to tho humiliation of asking assistance.

Eighteen hods of coal were placed just outside his bedroom door, and two stokers' iron pokers, six feet in length, enabled him to stir up his fire without approaching it too nearly or calling upon a servant for help. Open fireplaces were all he used, and no furnace was permitted to poison the airof his house. A tin saucepan with a handle several feet in length and crooked so as to hang on tg the edge of the fender allowed him to heat the water for shaving without burning his face. "Everything about him gave proof of his independent spirit in his unwillingness to invoke the aid of others in personal matters. He was accustomed to tie up the articles of his wardrobe not in immediate use in brown paper packages and store them away in a closet of his bedroom.

Once a vear be would stand upon a chair and hand these packages solemnly down to his secretary, who in his turn solemnly rid them of the twelve months' accumulation of dust and handed them up again for further repose upon the shelves. This appears to have been the extent of Ericsson's concession to housekeeping proprieties. "The taste for strong drink is a Swedish characteristic, and in his younger years Ericsson shared it, though he never permitted it to master him; still until he changed his habit, when he was about 50 years old, be was accustomed to take his brandy and bis heavvsberrv. if not immoderately or im prudently, at least with studious bis, ardent temperament he felt that idleness, or the temptation of leisurelysocial intercourse, would have put a lion in his path, for it was the time of high living and hard drinking in England. From this possible danger, as well as from other temptations, he was saved by the strain ot constant occupation." The Bread Winner.

At set of snn ho Cometh home apace, With tired footstep and with aching frame. And yet with eagerness his eves proclaim, Tbe contemplation of tbe wife's embrace, The joy to join his bairns in romp and cbase, And with them share tbe glee of childish frame. Within the cheerful glow of hearthstone flame. Or out ot doors In many a hiding place. This brawny man, fresh from" his daily task, With marks ot honest toil still on bis face, as on he comes with dinner pill In band, Enjoys a surer bliss than they who bask.

Within the languid warmth of wealth or place There is no happier soul in all the land. -Sdwin Oldham in Vrake'i Magatint. THE PITTSBXJRG- DISPATCH, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 23, TO EEACH-THE POLK Plans of Two Frenchmen to Sail Over It in a Mighty Balloon. A MOST REHABKABLE AIR SHIP. It Will Have a Lifting Power Something Oter Eightesa Tosi.

THE B0UTE "ACROSS THE P0LAE SEAS HE North Pole has a wonderful fascination for the adventurous. After may disastrous attempts to reach it, another attempt is about to be made, says the New York Serald. This time two young Frenchmen are going to risk their lives in the undertaking. They are members of the Ecole Superieure da Navigation Aerienna, and their names are M. Besancon, an aeronaut, and M.Gus-tave Hermite, nephew of M.

Charles Hermite, of the Institute. These two young men, the elder of whom is not yet 30, are going to avail themselves of a scheme which, while not unheard of, has never advanced beyond the experimental stage. In 1870 Silbermann, demonstrator of chemistry at Sorbonne, and Sivel, in 1874, puolished the results of experiments, from which they reached the conclnsion that to THE INTERIOR reach the North Pole by means oi balloon' was a possibility. WORKED OCT INDEPENDENTLY. By one of those coincidences not infrequent in the history of discoveries, MM.

Hermite and Besancon formed their plan without any knowledge of the work done by their predecessors in this line of research. It is only recently that they were informed of th'e documents written by their predecessors, and were thus enabled to utilize them. In recognition of the unexpeoted aid thus received, and also in order to render a tribute to the memory ol an illustrious martyr of aeronautic science, the travelers have given the name of Sivel to the machine they are now building, and by the help of which they hope to secure a collection of topographical photographs complete enough The Car of the Balloon. to serve as the basis for a map of these unknown regions. The Sivel will be inflated with pure hydrogen.

Its cubic contents will be 15,000 metres, its diameter 30 metres, and its lifting power 16,500 kilogrammes, the ascensional force being 1 kilogramme 100 grammes per cubic metre. The evelope of the balloon will consist of China silk of the best quality, covered with a new and absolutely impermeable varnish, which will still more increase the resisting power of the silk and make it capable of enduring without rupture a pressure of 2,400 kilos per square BALLOON WITHIN BALLOON. The balloon will be made in 48 pieces or gores; its volume will be 14,960 m. 661, and its surface 2,933 m. 68.

In form it will be a perfect sphere. The Sivel is to be provided with a small interior balloon or air pocket peculiar to itself, and whose capacity will be 3,000 cubic metres. Tbe object of this contrivance is to keep the exterior balloon always completely inflated and under an equal pressure, and it will also to a considerable degree obviate the serious dangers Jncident to possible sudden changes in altitude due to those hygrometrie and thermometric variations, which are the principal causes of the instabilitr ot balloons. The interior balloon, or ballonnet, is itself provided with two automatic safety valves; it will communicate with a ventilator of great power moved by an electric engine-The ventilator will be'so under the control of an exterior manometer or hand gauge that when the gas in the exterior balloon expands the ballonnet's volume is propor tionately decreased; it it contracts tbe Dai-loonet enlarges and the Sivel will remain perfectly inflated. It will be noticed that the interior balloon, when full, occupies one-fifth the volume of the exterior envelope.

This proportion, though it may seem large, is only the proper one, for an aerostat in using 830 meters loses enough gas on account of the decreased atmospheric pressure to decrease tne amount Dy a tenth. TEMPERATURE AND 7BESSUBB. Furthermore, the difference in temperature, which is always greater within a balloon than that of the surrounding air, amounting to 28 centigrade, is sufficient to cause a loss through tbe dilation of the gaseous mass equaling another tenth of the balloon's volume. These two effects combined atmospherio depression and variation ol temperature are sufficient to necessitate the one-fifth volume given the ballonnet. With the Sivel will be carried four "bal-lonnets piloles," SO cubio metres in size.

These are to be set free at the Pole to assist in the study of the aerial' currents in that region. There will also be provided 16 s3r small Tjalloonswhose contents will be used to make up any loss of gas irom tne great aerostat. These will be attached to the periphery of the Sivel's netting and in case of need one of these will be drawn by means of a rope down under the orifice of the great balloon, into which its contents, when required, will be transferred. When this has been done the voyagers will cast off the empty that extent decreasing the dead weight ot the air ship. The safety valve of the Sivel will open only when subjected to a pressure of ten millimetres of water.

ANCHOBS 07 EOPES. In order that the aerostat, instead oi Tiling too high in the air, -may remain at a moderate and fixed distance from theground and so enable photographic observations to be taken with regularity, MM. Hermite and Besancon will fasten to the' basket of their balloon a guide rope of great weight, which, as circumstances may require, will trail all along over the ice or, replaced by another, drag on tbe water. The ropes will retard the balloon's motion, and if the gas becomes too expanded will act as movable anchors. These guide ropes, made of wire, are expected to play no small part in.

the expedition's success. The initial cut shows the Sivel, with its girdle of auxiliary balloons and its trailing guide rope. The basket oi tho balloon, madeof wicker, with a steel framework, insuring absolute rigidity, will be closed over, and made impermeable to water, like a boat. Its interior will be padded so as to keep up in the chamber occupied by the aeronauts a comfortable temperature. To produce this they will carry a specially constructed and per fectly safe oil stove.

THE BASKET 'WILL FLOAT. To guard against every danger the basket will be made ansinkable and provided with poles with which to push aside pieces of floating ice. It will be 3 m. 40 wide and 5 m. 10 long.

In it will be carried, besides the two explorers and their three assistants, eight dogs, a sledge, a small insubmersible canoe, provisions for one month and a certain quantity of water, which will at need OF THE CAR. erve as ballast, and which will prevent the congelation of tbe supply of chemicals. The dead weight to be carried is made up as follows: Five men and their baggage, provisions (for dogs and men for 80 days), dogs, arms and utensils, instruments for observation, balloon and auxiliary balloons, net, safety valve and rings, basket, canoe, sledge, ropes, motor, etc, guide roped, ballast (alcohol and water). Above the decked basket there will be a bridge to. which passengers can ascend by means of a rope ladder, thus giving them free passage to all parts of the machine.

One illustration shows the appearance of this bridge and the curious mass of cordage by which it is connected to the balloon and the basket. Another illustration is a view of the basket itself, with its passengers and their apparatus. THE HYDROGEN TO BE MADE. The" explorers will leave some port in France, accompanied by two steam vessels, the fitting out of which will constitute the principal expense of fitting -out the expedition. These two vessels are made necessary by the space taken by the apparatus for the proper production of pure hydrogen, which the new explorers wish to obtain by the military process employed atChalals-Mendon, in spite of tbe fact that its cost is heavy, bringing up the price from 95c.

to If. -20c per cubic metre. The departure will take place some time toward tbe end of next May in order to arrive in Spitsbergen in July. There tbe state of the weather will decide the next move of the voyagers. If it is unsatisfactory they will await for lavorabie winds that is to say, winds from the south.

They are of the opinion that they can hold such a breeaa at least from eight to ten days, and do not believe that their journey across can possibly take them more than four days. WHEN THEY WILL LAND. On reaching land again they will find themselves either in North America or in Northern Asia, and in case of need they will prolong their voyage, particularly if the nature of the ground is not favorable. The duration of the journey, including the return, is expected to be about six months. The expense will be in the neighborhood of of which will go for the building of the Sivel and for means of transport, the inflation of the balloon and the purchase of scientific apparatus.

This expense will be met from the personal resources of M. Hermite and the contributions of certain English capitalists who are desirous that their nation shall participate in the enterprise. The extreme care in the construction of the balloon and the preliminary experiments which they wish to make for the purpose of determining the length ot a voyage which can be made in a balloon without landing will prevent the departure of the explorors before May, 1892. It must be admitted that all details of the expedition have been studied out with much care. Its boldness, at all events, does honor to the nation to which the explorers belong.

THE KlFLUfG 20011. London Girls Buy Budyard's Photograph and All Bead His Books. Literary London, or the London that would like to be literary, must have a hero, and it chooses its hero, never indeed wisely, but sometimes extremely well. There was a time when people talked of Bider Haggard. That was rather an unfortunate choice, and they have repented.

Now that contrition has come, it seems curious to think that the intellectual people ever could have really stood long to watch the transformations of the pyrotechnic "She." But they did; they have a taste for fireworks. It is as well to acknolwedge tbe fact before they forget it What they care for now is much more to their credit. Beal life ia the India of to-day is at all events more wholesome to contemplate than impossible life in Kor of I know not precisely how many centuries ago. To admire Budyard Kipling is just now so much the fashion that I should be sorry to praise judgment on the strength of so just an admiration. To be quite frauk, one sees "Plain Tales Prom the Hills, on tables which are not discriminating.

The young women who- ask where they can get Budyard Kipling's portrait (observe, in passing, that he is never spoken of without his Christian name) are not always the young woman who wears spectacles and cultivates opinions. One cannot safely speculate on the futnrt of so young a writer, who has aluady so brilliant a past It is to be hoped that a merited success will not have too disastrous a result. Everybody (except "Walter Pater) writes too much, and there is no doubt that Budyard Kipling will write too much. But I have strong hopes that his course which we are watching with so much interest will be an upward and not a downward one. 1890.

FOOD FROM THE SEA, Remarkable Results of the Experiments in Cod and Lobster. REPAIRING RECKLESS RAVAGES. Seventeen Million Fish Grown Seven Hundred Captives. From THE L0BSTEE FIGURES EYES HIGHER In August last, writes the Eev. M.

Harvey, a scientist of exceptional attainments, now at St John's, Newfoundland, I gave an account in the New York Tribune of a visit I paid to the cod and lobster hatchery at Dildo Island, Trinity Bay. This is the largest establishment for the artificial propagation of fish in the world. The operations of the hatching season are now drawing to a close. The artificial propagation of codfish and lobsters, as well as other salt water fishes, is a matter in which the civilized world is deeply interested. If it is possible by that process to increase, to any considerable extent, the supply of food fishes drawn from the ocean, this achievement will be of great benefit to the world.

Under the teachings of science, agriculture has made enormous strides, doubly or trebling the productions of the soil; but aqua-culture is yet in its infancy. The dav is not distant when it will be seen tha.t the cultivation of the waters is not less important than the cultivation of tbe lands as a means of increasing the supplies of human food. EECKLESS OP THE ETJTTJBE. Keen-eyed science has of late turned her attention to an investigation of the nature and habits of those denizens of tbe waters which furnish food for man. Prom all quarters comes the alarming cry that the supply of the most important of these fishes is falling off; that fisheries once abundant are exhausted: that certain fishes are threatened with absolute extermination through human cupidity, recklessness and ignorance.

Can science remedy this, and sustain or increase our supply of food from river, lake and ocean? As tar as fresh waters are concerned, this question is already answered in the affirmative. But fresh water fishes are insignificant, in an economia point of view, when compared with those which the great ocean yields. Can science help us here? In the great experiment of the artificial propagation of marine fishes, the United States of America has the honor of leading the war. Associated with the enterprise are the names of Prof. Baird a naturalist of world-wide reputation Profs.

Verrill and Brown Goode, Messrs. Miller and Sanderson Smithman, eminent in the world of science. Great advances have been made, but far more remains to be accomplished. The success already achieved gives, however, glorious promise of what is to follow. SCIENCE AND FBACTICE COMBINED.

Here in Newfoundland we are following the path which Prof. Baird's scientific investigations opened up, and endeavoring to turn these to practical account. "We have been fortunate in securing the services of an able Superintendent of Fisheries in the per son oi Mr.Adolph Nielsen, who scent many i years in connection with tne fisheries as one of the inspectors, and who combines, in a remarkable degree, scientific knowledge with large practical experience. I am now to give some account of his hatching operations at Dildo during tbe past summer. Mr.

Nielsen carried on simultaneously at Dildo the 'hatching of codfish and lobsters. The ova of the two species are totally different, and require very different methods of treatment. The cod ova float, being oi less specific gravity than the sea water; whereas tbe lobster ova sink to the bottom of the apparatus. Generally "speaking, cod-hatching is a much more difficult operation than lobster-hatching. The eggs of the cod are extremely delicate, so that the slightest injury is enough to destroy their vitality.

The utmost vigilance is needed in securing a constantly renewed supply of pure salt water, of a certain degree of salinity and density, during the hatching time. LOBSTER OVA MORE HABDY. Then the eggs, after being taken from the female, have to be fertilized by contact with the milt; and no small difficulty is encountered in securing a sufficient stock of male and female codfish at the proper spawning stage. On the other hand, nature presents the lobster ova already fertilized and clinging in thousands to tbe fibrils under the tails of the mother fish. They have only to be removed carefully and placed in the hatching jars or incubators, and they bear a rongher handling than the others.

Mr. Nielsen succeeded in securing 700 spawning codfish in various stages of ripeness in May and Jnne. These were placed in pounds surrounded with wire netting, to which the sea water had free access, and fed on whatever bait-fishes were in season such as herrings, capliu and squids. As the ova and milt ripened tbe fish were "stripped" and then returned to the pound till further ripened; for a female cod takes from six weeks to two months in shedding her ova, and same holds good of the male fish. The ova, when fertilized, are placed in the hatching jars and carefully watched and constantly cleansed.

Dead ova have to be at once removed. OYER SEVENTEEN MILLION HATCHED. Night and day the steam engine is pumping sea water from a depth of 30 feet. All this involves much labor and watchfulness. Up till July 28 he had collected 33,820,000 cod ova.

Of these 16,720,000 were rejected, aad 17,100,000 were hatched, and the young fish were "planted" in a good and healthy condition in tbe waters ot Trinity Bay. Thus 50)4 Per cent of the total ova obtained were successfully hatched, which is a satis factory average. Ot tne 700 cod captured, 28 per cent died from various causes, such as injuries received from the hooks when taken, or afterward in handling, or diseases of different kinds. It is curious to find that many of the fish carried dead ova in very large quantities. This is supposed to be caused by the ravenous cod gorging themselves on the caplin to such an extent that the overloaded stomachs press unduly on the ovarite and injure the delicate ova.

Mr. Nielsen would have obtained a much larger number of ova from the fish which were bandied but for the destruction arising from this cause. PEOSPECTS FOE THE FUTURE. There are, however, still in stock in the pounds 260 fine fish, or 37 per cent ot the whole, and from the condition in which these are now Mr. Nielsen expects that a number will spawn, in a fevr days, so that he will be able to go on hatching up till December or later, and thus considerably increase the number already planted.

He also hopes to preserve a number of these splendid cod that will not spawn this year, so as to give him a stock of ipawners in early spring next pear. "Whether they will live iu the pounds throughout our cold winter is doubtful, but the experiment is worth a trial. Another difficulty Mr. Nielsen had tr contend with this year arose from the enormous quantities of ice around the coast, which chilled the waters and kept the cod irom coming in to spawn till late in the season. This curtailed the supplies of cod and caused many to spawn outside in deep water, where they could not be taken.

The great object is to obtain plenty of spawning fish early in tbe season, so as to give time for hatching on a large scale. In his hatch-, ery Mr. Nielsen has capacity for hatching 300,000,000 of cod in one season. Owing to the difficulties and drawbacks referred to, his "output', or young fry this year will not probably exceed 25.000,000 or 30,000,000. Much depends on the condition of the weather between the present date and Christmas.

Should the temperature fal below 38 degrees hatohing would baye to be discontinued. Next Tear Mr. Nielsen intends to fit op a small vessel with wells in which coi can be collected at various points around the coast as soon as they appear and brought early to the hatchery. He thinks, too, that by collecting the finest fish around tbe shore he will be able to improve the breed by crossing the Trinity Bay fish with superior varieties, snch as those Irom Cape St Mary, which are of a large size. By selected stock the breed of cod can be improved, as well as on land the breeds of cattle are improved by a similar process of selection and crossing.

The audacity of science in these days takes away one's breath. Twenty-five or thirty millions of young cod added to the stock in Trinity Bay means a great deal. Let this be continued for a few years and scarcitr of the noble cod will be transformed into abundance. That is not all. Tbe fishermen of Trinity Bay report from various places that they have observed immense shoals of very small codfish in the waters, such as they never saw before during the latter part ot September and October.

Tbey were not when observed more than an inch or two inches in length. Mr. Neilsen has no doubt that these are the growth from the irv planted from his hatchery late in June and in July. In September and October they would have just reached the size oi those seen. This news is of the highest importance and affords abundant encouragement NIELSON'S LOBSTER NESTS.

Mr. Nielsen's success in lobster-hatching has been more striking than in the former department and, indeed, has exceeded the most sanguine expectations. At Dildo he obtained 20,927,200 lobster ova from various lactones within reach. Of these were hatched and planted, against 4,039,000 planted last year. The percentageof loss in the apparatus this year was 28, against 49J last year showing a marked improvement in the method of manipulntion the result of experience.

These 20,927,200 young lobsters were set free in the waters of the bay, where they would have the same chance of survival as those brought to life iu the natural way. This, however, is only a part of the tale. For the first time, this year, Mr. Nielsen has employed floating inenbators for tbe propagation of lobsters. These are small wooden boxes, so constructed that when anchored in suitable localities tbey are constantly in motion, and allow a flow of pure sea water, aerated by the motion ot tbe incubators, to reach the eggs.

These incubators are Mr. Nielsen's own invention, and show much ingenuity. Four hundred and thirty-two of them were made. Men were carefully instructed as to their use. They were then distributed at 14 different stations around six of our largest bays, from Fortune Bay to Green Bay, in tbe North.

BESCUED FEOM THE FACTORIES. They were placed iu carefully chosen localities, where the water was pure and sufficient shelter could be found. These places were in the neighborhoodof lobster factories. The men in charge of the incubators visited the factories daily and carefully removed the ova fastened to the fibrils of the mother lobsters, and placed them in tbe inenbators, where in due time they were hatched, and when strong enongh to strike out for themselves they were liberated in the waters. The method is simple and inexpensive Twenty-four men were sufficient to work 432 incubators.

Their wages were SI a day, with traveling expenses paid. The cost of the incubators is 52 each. Any man having ordinary intelligence can be taught the method of working them in a short time. Now let us see the result of this season's operations. Betnrns have been received from the 14 stations and carefully tabulated.

The returns show that 390,934,500 of lobsters were hatched and planted in the waters. Adding to these the number hatched at Dildo, by Mr. Nielsen, we have 406,005,300 young lobsters hatched and planted in one season. QBEAT SAVING OF LIFE. Let it be noted, too, that these ova were all doomed to destruction, and had they not been turned to account in the incubators would have been consigned to the boilers along with the lobsters.

That they were saved and brought to life is a clear gain. Should 20 or 25 per cent survive and reach mutur-ity or even half that n'umbei what an addition to the stock of lobsters in the waters in which tbey were placedl It seems to me that in this cheap and simple process we have tbe means of arresting tbe decline in lobster fisheries which for years past has been experienced in every country where they are taken, and also of restoring lobster-grounds which have been entirely depleted. Protective legislation and 'enactments to secure close seasons have all failed to arrest the rapid decline in lobster fisheries. Here is something more effectual than restrictive measures. Instead ot consigning these precious germs of life to the boilers, let each factory be furnished with a set of incubators by which the ova can be brought to life.

The owners and managers of the various lobster factories here who witnessed the process with their own eyes are delighted with the discovery, and we anticipate that the day is at hand when they will all, for their own advantage, procure and work these incubators at their own expense. ONE LOBSTEE YIELDS 18,970. From the tabulated returns some interesting facts are gleaned. The total number of lobsters stripped of their ova at the whole of the stations was 20,599. Tbe total number of lobsters hatched and planted from the eggs thus obtained was so that tbe average yield of each lobster was 18,970.

The total number of ova collected from the 20,599 lobsters was so that the loss per cent in hatching was only 19. The annual value of our lobster fishery is over S200.000. Bv due care and an exten sion of artificial propagation we may hope to increase its value ten-Told. In our proximity to European markets we possess an important advantage. This year the price of lobsters has increased 25 per cent, owing to the scarcity of the "favorite crustacean.

The lobster is five years in reaching maturity; so that the eflect of artificial propagation will not be felt very sensibly for some time. Our fisheries commission will probably double or treble the number of floating incubators next year. TJHDEH THE MICBOSCOPE. Examples of the "Wonders "Which ThU In. strument Kovcals.

"Within 30 years a fascinating branch of geological study has been developed. Bocks and minerals as seen under the microscope present a wonderful display of colors, and in structure a great variety of forms. Dr. H. Hensoldt, says the Youth's Companion, writes of the pleasure and interesting information afforded by such observations.

Especially striking and lovely is the appearance of many of the volcanic or igneous rocks, when rednced to tbin sections, and examined under the microscope. The dullish green lava, called pitch stone, which is found in dikes on tbe island of Arran, on tbe west coast of Scotland, exhibits under the microscope whole forests of fern trees, garlands, leaves and flowers of marvelous magnificence. A granite from Cornwall contains needle-shaped crystals of tourmaline, radiating star-like from a common center. Basalts, obsidians, porphyries and serpentines from various localities show labyrinths of multi-colored crystals resembling rows of pillars, arreted castles and fairy caves, glowing in all the tints of the rainbow. Tbe sedimentary or stratified rocks, while they cannot under tbe microscope, equal their Plutonic rivals in brilliancy of color or gorgeousness of crystalline display, make up tor this deficiency by other ieatures of interest Many marbles and limestones are found to be literally composed of foraminifpra.

the tests ot rbizopods, resembling tiny shells of the most delicate and beautiful forms. Thin sections of almost any piece of flint exhibit under the.microscope quite a little world of curious organic remains, such as sponge spicules, xantbida, small fragments of coral, and the formaminifera already mentioned, indicating that flint rocks are fossil sponges which have become solid by a modification of the process which makes stalactites, 28 How Could She Boston Mr. Sapraind Beg pawdon, Miss Clawa, but I watber awnticipated a more flattering; weply. Cawn't you love me more than just a very little? Clara How can Mr. Sapmind? It's impossible for me to love any more of you than there is.

When baby was sick, we gave her Castorlx, When she was a Child, she cried for Cutorix, When she became Miss, she clung to Caxtoria, When she bad Children.she gave thtm CastorU an9-77-scwTsa 'Itta strange that oylrasbazid, xiho prides hfa elf on hia tidy appearance, can carry somuch hidden dirt. And all this could bo aroidedif ha wooldcso Blacking on his shoss, and yet ha sajs it Is the SsasiSitaisx in the msldfar his baraesaL Change a Pine Table to Walnut A Poplar Kitchen Press to Antigua Oak A Cane Rockor to Mahogany. Sea what can be done with 25C worth of "WOLFF RANDOLPH, FZnladalpala. BOTTLE Restored Lost Appe tite anu cured mv Dyspepsia. MRS, E.

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