The News from Frederick, Maryland • Page 4

"We Must Ail Hang Established 1883 Every Evening Except Si.nd»y by the ro MFG CO 21701 SUBSCRIPTION RATES copy 5 ceMs (3 50; SU months $15.60 per year. sss Member Audif Bureau Of Circulations Ttit Associated Press is entitled tc the for republicatlon of ill the local printed in this newspaper as well as all AP news dispatches Second Class Postage Paid at Frederick, Md Page 4 THE Tuesday, April 12, 1966 Confusion Over Vietnam The lesson of Vietnam is that waging a brush fire war is not a simple matter of finding ana destroying the enemy, nor of superior equipment and firepower, or even of enough manpower to do the job. It is all these and something intangible that has baffled the American command, both in the field and in Washington. That intangible has balked us time we have seemed to be on our way. Nor is it so simply disposed of as to blame it on communist influence and sabotage, though there is plenty of both In a sense, we are to blame for the situation.

Our manpower and firepower contributions and the strategy that we have developed have impressed all factions in South Vietnam that the war with North Vietnam can be won and the Vietcong driven out of the country. Like children arguing over the apples before they are picked off the tree, this has started a struggle for power that is complimentary to our military prowess, but not to our political understanding of the country we are trying to save from Communism. The power struggle began when Air Vice Marshal Nguyen Cao Ky was named Premier by the military junta ruling South Vietnam over his chief rival, Lieut. Gen. Nguyen Chanh Tbi, commander of the I Army Corps and overlord of the seven northern provinces.

Thi used his power base to effect an alliance with Thich Tri Quang, head of the Buddhist Institute of Religious Affairs, the sect's center of political activity. When Thi was relieved of his command, Quang went to his aid by loosening student demonstrations, first in Thi's area in the north, and then in the capital, Saigon They threaten- Ky'g government. Quang denies he is a Communist, though his actions have served the Communists well. He says he is a neutralist, which does not serve our purpose. His stiengin is luouguu to uc rated, but it is enough to spark demonstrations that in the past toppled other governments.

He is not backward about offering to call off the demonstrations in exchange for President Johnson's support of Buddhist supervised elections within three months. Thi promised elections in three months, but immediately there were differences on the conditions agieed upan These involve the method by which a national assembly to draft a constitution will be held, what elements will be represented at the constitutional convention, when it will be held, and who choose the delegates, or if they are to be elected, who will elect them. All this means the making of a new nation, something that the United States normally would be happy to see evolve. But it would be like writing a Constitution here before the Revolution of 1776 was won It gets in the way of pursuing the war, especially as one of Quang's conditions is that the new constitution provide for a parliament, which then should vote on whether to invite the United States to remain in Vietnam. The United State's sole interest is to assure the independence of South Vietnam.

Until that is done, it cannot risk having a dissident group turn the country over to the Communists, native or North Vietnamese. That is why the intangibles in this struggle baffle us, and why they must be solved to protect the rear while our men on land, in the air and on the sea are free to pursue the war to a victorious conclusion. What is needed in Vietnam is a political high command to align the politics -of the country with the war effort to enable the military command to do its job. 'Project Prayer' Are Justices of the Supreme Court, who outlawed school prayers in public schools, themselves illegally holding their jobs? "After all, they accepted their offices with an oath, sworn to God, to defend the Constitution and uphold the law. We'd like to know if this oath violated the law as they see it" That is the core of the newest attempt to override the high court judgment banning school prayer.

It is ''the shock treatment" devised by "Project a militant movement starring a Hollywood cast turned public spirited citizens The groups co chairmen are Pat Boone, the crooner, and Susan Seaforth. teleusion star. Sam Cavnar, a Los Angeles business man is national director. Up to now, foes of the ban on school prayer have concentrated on supporting Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen's proposed Constitutional Amendment to reinstate school prayer in the schools. The Pacific coast challenge could help create a nationwide organization that could help arouse such a popular sentiment that it would speed action on the amendment The school prayer fight might be just starting The National Scene With Bruce Biossat THERE'S ALWAYS A CROWD AROUND IN SAN SALVADOR The deepest kind of poverty cannot be told to you.

You have to touch it yourself. When your lurching bus breaks down twice in the parched Salvadoran countryside, you get that chance. Stepping down from the bus, you look down a dark brown dirt road. Straggling along are a dozen or more grimy figures in torn, soiled clothing and bare feet. Rub out the bus at the intersection and it could be the 18th century.

Your own clean, well pressed, comparatively costly attire is suddenly an embarrassment. Handsome but grubby youngsters assemble quickly. Their infectious laughter astonishes the outsider. They show no envy, only amused curiosity and a great deal of dignity. At a second stopping point, 25 young men plant themselves on a roadside bank and watch without a stir as an ancient, made in America bus is revived and turned about Women pass by bearing wash, cans of water, and other supplies on their heads THEY HAVE TO BE from another world, but they are not.

They are a tiny sample of the 60 per cent of El Salvador's 3 million people who grope for a passable living in the overpack- ed rural areas. Their homes are thatched roof shanties or flimsy stucco huts, all with earthen floors, bad air, no light or clean water or sanitation facilities. They live 370 to the square mile, usually on tiny plots of tillable land. Of 50,000 new farms in El Salvador over a span of years, nearly all are less than 7.5 acres in size. The rural Salvadorans' sheer numbers leap at you as the bus rattles along the highway again.

In a quarter mile stretch, you may see 75 or 100 figures strolling at the road's edge. ALREADY THEY HAVE NEARLY ALL of El Salvador's tillable land under cultivation. As the population continues to rise, the country's "rural condition" deteriorates rather than improves. Land ownership has fallen 20 per cent. The rural Salvadoran is more and more a renter or laborer on the land.

Some 70 per cent of the rural folk earn S50 or less a year. Their literacy is low, and so is their productivity. In front of one roadside hut, a small child clad only in a dirty pink short moved aimlessly in a makeshift space framed by crude boards nailed to make a fence. His face was smudged with half a dozen different kinds of dirt. He was a reminder that half of El Salvador's deaths are suffered by children five and under.

The Poor Man's Philosopher SUCCESS CAN SWALLOW YOU By Hal Boyle NEW YORK All of Ins Me Kirk Douglas has in the cult of the champion, whose onh success lies in constant MCtOlV Lately. however, the actor He became a top debater. president of the student and a champion intei collegiate rcstlei Aftei slinging ha-h. a time heie and appearing in i a 1966 by HEX, Inf. "He must be terribly important--he uses five kinds of anti-acid tablets!" ond thoughts happens in this quest for success Sometimes you can lose yourself along the way.

he said "I'd like to be able to afford the luxury of failure You have to feel free to do you want to do. although this is hard to attain in any field. "But I feel most people can come pretty close to getting what they want out of life-- if aie really ready to pay the price After acting in some 40 pictures Kirk would like to gamble, win or iose. on becoming a screen and Broadway director. The drive to win has been a part of his nature er since, as the son of immigrant parents from Russia, he woiked his way through college, time a hitch then went to Hollywood and quickly became a star "To me.

York is the greatest city in the because it a kind of frightening power an indifference to except the tliat makes it awesome." said. youth I also lemem- ber the i of it ability to get lost in it Kirk also remembers a chief turning point in his life an English taught Louise Livingstone at the high school in Amsterdam, "She convinced me I should get an education," he said Here are a few of the things Kirk Douglas likes "Excellence, the ballet grace of pio athletes, being alone and by music, peasant Foreign experts think El Salvador's dominant rural population will go on rising for two or three generations before turning downward. A fifth of the rural work force is unemployed today. The proportion could climb as the numbers soar. THIS IS THE CRITICAL STORY in tiny El Salvador, a story not wholly obscured by striking industrial growth, vistas of costly city homes, surprising social and tax reforms directed by the nation's president, Col.

Julio Rivera, friend of tne ruling families and a tough soldier who first gained power a coup These things give San Salvador a modern bustle, and the country a key place in Central America's growing economic unity through its Common Market But they largely benefit the city dwelleis who already are substantially better off than their rural brethren The brown dirt poverty in the crowded countryside is almost untouched by these changes The visitor has to wonder what force of economic muscle, whether called Alliance for Progress or whatever, can lift these still multiplying rural people from their iron bondage to primitive subsistence living. food of a am i i but a i a i sj i buttei because it-- supposed to be coloi of fuend- snip jnti ast such as sunny and i a dco stoims be- i.ii, iiiaivi. i somebody up there really running things-, the feeling of cleanliness, walking at night, summing hitting a long ball off tee. reaching for something out of reach, seeing the American flag a a are his dislikes "Uemotn'x in imself 01 anybody i taste of tuimps; exei cise vi 1 do as a foi of penance cntic-s because i an make me feel so good 01 lousy shopping, double- bieasted suits, pompous people, and those who think patriotism is corny "I also hate doing homework for my kids To me making a is easier than solving problems in the math. There life has rumbled on by me." yesterday Fifty Yeot-s Ago Twenty feats Ago items From The News-Post Items From The News-Post April 12, 1916 ALTHOUGH THEY REALIZE that certain schools in Frederick county are in a deplorable condition, on account of the lack of funds, the School Commissioners are he'pless and utterly unable to remedy the situation.

At a special meeting of the board this morning, two delegations appeared before the members in the Merest of new school buildings. The authorities simply could not promise any immediate assistance. THE REPUBLICAN MAYORALTY primaries will be held two days after those of the Democrats, the Republican city central committee last night deciding on May 10 as the date. To arrange for the primaries the following committee was appointed: Dr A Atlee Radchff, chairman; A A. Moser, Harry Chapline, Harry Gilbert and Schaeffer L.

Rhoades. IT IS EXPECTED THAT A large audience will be present in Seminary Hall tomorrow evening at 8 o'clock when Miss Katherme Stewart of Alexandria, will give her celebrated lecture on "Birds The entertainment is being arranged by the public school officials with the cooperation of Hood College authorities. Washington 12, 1946 THE M. J. GROVE LIME COMPANY announced today that it had discontinued the production and sale of concrete and cinder block at its block manufacturing plant here because of OPA ceiling prices.

The company said it had been producing and selling the concrete and cinder block for over two years at a loss and that efforts to obtain price relief from the OPA which nt T1 1 nn A product has been unsuccessfuL TWO NEW BUILDINGS ARE being erected by the Everedy Company on its East street property. A one floor, concrete and glass building, 212 feet long and 72 feet wide, is being constructed as a press room and machine shop. A new brick and steel boiler house, which will be about 20 feet high, is being erected around the boiler. BRINGING TO A CLOSE THE 1945-46 lecture series sponsored by the Frederick County Teachers Association Ray Josephs had the real story of Argentina in his lecture last night at the Frederick High School auditorium. Today By David La wren ct RHODESIAN PROBLEM FLAUNTS INTERNATIONAL LAW PRINCIPLES WASHINGTON A former Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Arthur J.

Goldberg must have an uncomfortable time every now and then functioning as the U. Ambassador to the United Nations. Oi maybe he is not troubled at all by the inconsistencies, if not hypocrisies, of nations supposed to be guided today by the fundamental principles of international For a long time, lawyers and jurists have pleaded that international law must be respected if an effective formula for maintaining world peace is to be evolved Indeed, this doctrine hopsfully motivated the founders of the present world court But in the Rhodesian affair, intei national law is being bypassed. Expediency has taken its place. Great Britain happens to be in a dilemma over the efrort of the white people in Rhodesia to themselves from the chaos and financial ruin they feel would ensue if the tribes of black inhabitants, most of them uneducated, were to try to run the country But this is an internal pioblem, and there is not the slightest basis under international law foi any outside eminent like that of the United States or any 01- gamzation such as the lautcd Nations to intervene and tell the Rhodesian people what they must or must not do fne Bntisn nevertheless have decided to use economic coercion So last November, wnen Rnudesia declaied its independence the London government imposed an economic embargo.

Tnc United States being an- to play ball with the British anri retain at least their vocal support on questions like Vietnam, determined to undertake a voluntary embargo Congress alone under the constitution is supposed to ''regulate commerce with foreign nations but no autnonty toi an embargo was requested by the President or volunteered by Congress The nited Nations called on its members to join tne embargo, but this was an appeal and not an order or decree. Certainly tnere is not a single clause in any article of the United Nations charter which authorizes the intervention of that organization by military or economic means in the internal affairs of any country unless requested by the national gov- einment in to ward off an aggressor. But when there is something that really threatens international peace, as is the case in Vietnam, the United maintains a hypocritical abstention. For the UN. charter says military and economic force is justified, collectively or by individual nations, whenever international peace is endangered.

No such situation, however, has arisen with respect to Rhodesia. The latest crisis developed because Portugal sent a big shipment of oil to its own colonial port in Mozambique that could go by pipeline to Rhodesia. The British government asked the Security Council of the U. N. to intervene and block such trade.

The right of revolution is universally regarded as sacred. The American colonies separated themselves from England, and the precedent of 1776 has been extolled ever since as an example of the way peoples may express their will anywhere in the world. But when the Rhodesians attempt to do the same thing, the United States and other countries are bemg asked to step in and help Britain suppress the effort of a colony to establish its independence African members of the are in a paradoxical position, as some of them don want to set a precedent for similar interference in other countries wnere the existing governments aie overthrown The proponents of an embargo against Rhodesia, moreover, a it both ways They can insist that the R'hodesian aftair is an in 1 einational piob- lem and vet refrain from demanding that all the European and Asian countries which now trade with Communist Vietnam an aggressor state be brought before the United Nations to answer for their violations of international law Maybe in the case of Rhodesia Ambassador Goldberg, who is an able and resourceful law- named in the modern devices of our own Supreme Couit will come up with some new nationalization of international law in keeping with "the spirit of the times." But he would have to brush under the rug precedents a century old that forbid governments to impose economic embargoes unless a state of belligerency has been recognized and an internal conflict has become an international war..