The Broad Ax from Salt Lake City, Utah • Page 2

--y?" it fc ik. pamtwo A Museum of Crime. Professor Haas Gross of tho University of Gratz. Austria, has the credit of establishing the first museum of criminology and a criminalistic laboratory, 'There the weapons, tools and other paraphernalia and materials used by criminals are assembled to assist In the analysis of the workings of criminal minds and-a study of methods end systems for dealing -with-this large and dangerous class of every commnnlty. This museum was established in 1885, and since-then ether establishments of the same character have been, organised.

One of the most Important of these is the Society of Criminology and Social Defense in Paris, which has a membership of more than 200, Including many prominent representa-tires of the law, the police and medical profession, and it was organized to concentrate and centralize the scattered efforts of Individuals who were study-las this disquieting social problem and jto make the results of their work available lor mutual information. Fasting, and Health. "The practice of fasting," states a medical man, "is, when wisely followed, most benefldaL I am convinced that many people never feel the sen-cation of natural hunger. All they have is a morbid craving for food which comes of habit rather than from any ictnal seed felt by the stomach. Natural hunger stimulates the palate and is felt in the mouth as well as In the internal organs.

It makes the plainest food seem delicious. Some unfortunate people suffer, it is -true, from Insufficient food, but sot so many as those whose ills arise from overnntriaon. their digestions being cmrtlnnnlly over strained. A habit of Judicious finaHng -would do wonders for them. The system would recoverlts lost tone, and in the case of mental workers the brain would work with an ease and lightness that would sur-ptisethem, for the brain is one of the chief sufferers from the practice of overeating." Origin of the Lone Star.

If place same is often crystallized history, how much more a nickname! "Witness the flowery synonym for Texas, which orators mouth as the Lone Star State. To most minds this symbolises concretely the fact that the slate was first an Independent nation. Behind the fact is this story, vouched for by tradition more or less authentic. At the outset, after achieving independence, Texas lacked pretty well everything but men. The leaders knew1 stats papers required a great seal to validate them, and in default of anything better they Improvised one from coat button which to bear a single star.

A document so sealed fell under the eye of an imaginative journalist. He straightway exploited "Tho Xane Star Republic" in print so fervid as to persuade Terns here was the device most apposite for her seal and her flag. New York Press. Mother Brook. After nearly three centuries of usefulness Mother brook, the first canal dug in this country, still finds Itself utilised to some extent, though the requirements which brought It about have long since passed.

Its construction was undertaken and completed by the hardy citizens of Dedham, Mass in 1630, to provide water for milL.nufe. poses. The artificial waterway was ceBstrueted to connect the Charles river with East brook, covering a distance of about a mile. It was a great undertaking for those days, when every foot "had to be excavated laboriously by band, but the work was carried out with the usual determination Tnnrtrtng the settlers of the day. The canal winds round the highlands of the town, and on both sides, extending almost to its border, may be seen wen kept gardens, Exchange.

Poetry of Words. When I feel Inclined to read poetry I take down my dictionary. The poetry of words Is quite as beautiful as that of sentences. The author may arrange the gems effectively, but their shape sad Juster have been given by the attrition of ages. Bring me the finest simile from the whole range of Imaginative writing and I will show you a single work which conveys n.

more pro-SeaBd, a more accurate and a more eJegseit analogy. Holmes. They Knew Castor OIL The oldest medical book in the world was found in a rock tomb by the Nile, tfatiag from about 2000 B. 0. It is a reQ about sixty-six feet long and car' rles prescriptions for all sorts of ailments.

Castor oil is one of the remedies prescribed It has been used pretty steadily ever since. New They- Deat Speak. Belle How sSly jaen act when they preposel Why, my acted like a perfect fool. Nelle That's what everybody thought when jour was announced ETchsiige. A Hani Weria.

"Peer old JlgfBl He fond this a kejAwstid" "Died in poverty? "No. He fell out of an airthlp.n HisTilo Express. fJm your son anything of a tpriater atoce he went to college?" WelL he holds ihe family reeeci for raanteff up a buL" Baltflsore The less ef-Mfe eeaejaaes sy stst- Seiewtlno Houeekeeplng "Don't you have trouble getting a BuffldestTarkty of food?" she asked. "No," said the woman who runs a boarding bouse; "that's the easiest port of it Ye I make op a series of menus for breakfast; dinner; eta, at the beginning of the reason and then they go on steadily till the end of it The cook knows just what to prepare each day, and I am not at all bothered." "But don't your boarders get tired of having the same thing each week on the same day!" "AV said the landlady, "that's where fool 'em! They don't have tho same thing on the same day of the week. There are ten separate menus.

If we begin, say, with hash on Moo day, the next time they have hash is a week from Thursday and the next 'time a week from the following Sunday. Nobody can. tell what he's going to ihave on any given day without work-ling it out with a pencil and paper, and as nobody is likely to go to that trouble just for the sake of finding bis meals monotonous, the result is, in fact, as pleasantly varied as if the menu for the day was composed every morning." New York Post. Prismatic Lake. Prismatic lake, in Yellowstone park, la the most perfect spring of its kind in the world It rests on the summit of a self built mound, sloping gently in all directions.

Down this slope tho overflow from the spring descends-in tiny rivulets, everywhere interlaced with one another. A map of the mound resembles a spider web with the spider (the spring) in the center. The pool Is 250 by SOO feet in size. Over the lake hangs an ever present cloud of steam, which Itself often bears a crimson tinge, reflected from the waters below. The steam unfortunately obscures the surface of the lake, and one involuntarily wishes for a rowboat In which to explore its unseen portions.

Whenever (visible there is a varied and wonderful play of colors, which fully Justifies the same. "The Yellowstone National Park," by Hiram Martin Chittenden. Brigadier General, U. S. A-, Retired.

Making Tin. The tin of trade is not pure, but has in it a little Iron, lead or arsenic. Tin is a metal of chemistry. Its principal ore is called tin stone or tin oxlde'and is made up of tin and oxygen. To obtain the tin the ore la heated in furnaces with charcoal.

The carbon of the charcoal unites with the oxygen of the ore, forming- carbonic acid gas, which passes off into the air, leaving the tin, which melts and is drawn off and cooled in iron molds. This is called block tin. Tin ore is chiefly found in Cornwall, England: Banca, in Dutch East Indies; Malacca and Queensland and New South Wales, in Australia. Tin was used by the ancients. The Phoenicians obtained most of their tin from the British isles.

When the Romans conquered Britain they worked the tin mines In Cornwall by means of slaves. What After Safety? Everybody from Dan to Beersheba is now thoroughly convinced that "safety first" Is the proper thing. It may sot always be possible to agree upon whose safety it shall be, but considered wholly In the abstract anybody caught putting anything ahead of safety In these enlightened days of peace and good will would have to dodge anathema the rest of his life. Indeed, so amicably and universally settled Is this problem of "safety first" that many ore wondering if we shouldn't now stop talking about it and commence to consider what shall come after safety. Safety, although the first thing.

Is not the only thing. What shall we have for second? Any suggestion, however fooolish, will be welcome. Life. Inner Life In Constantinople. Constantinople has a deleterious effect upon Europeans.

So at least declared a "great and highly gifted lady," mentioned by Grant Duff. Sho had the honor of being received by the sultan. "I hope you like Constantinople?" inquired the monarch. "Yes," said she, "but I find great difficulty in leading my inner life here." The sultan started, but recovering himself, said suavely, "Ah, no one' should drink water here without having it previously boiled." Loadon Chronicle. This Player "Quick Study." For remarkable memory it would be bard to outdo a strolling player of the eighteenth century, of whom Sir William Robertson Nlcoll has written.

For a wager he once undertook to memorize tfce whole of the next day's Daily Advertiser and accomplished his task by repeating every line in the journal, sews, headings, advertisements and all la perfect order and without a slip. London Tatier. Oefttleweff Didn't Answer. "Win the gentlemen please move up forward a little?" called out the polite ceteaacter. of the trolley-car.

"I won't" growjed Mr. Grouch, who hag to a strap near the door. "Oh, I didn't ask' you," said the con-dadorrBaffalo News. Talking. Talktog is like playing on the harp.

Then ia as mjcb in laying the hands the atrjBgs to stop their Mbrations am is. twaagiag them to-bdng oatthelr BHMic Ee-lsaes. Aa-the Twtf Is Bent. Xakkw-Wsat became of the boy kefttia at school? Bocker bo seas? who was de- im.fa THE J3R0AB A CHICAGO, MAY 8, 1915. The Caterpillar.

The caterpillar, though a sodaWe creature, tries io keep out of everybody's way. Some species bide on ihe under Burfaco of leaves, others oa the stems or blades of grass, which serve them as food: others, again, bafld little nests for concealment or He saagly hidden between the curled edges of leaves, which they draw close tofetfcer until the opposite edges'meet The caterpillar is a sociable creature la his own family. He knows that there is safety in numbers, and you will And whole, companies feeding side by side while' keeping a sharp lookout for their bird enemies, but when a caterpillar Is by himself ho scarcely dares to move for fear of attracting attention. Even when he is obliged to change his skin be doesn't venture to leave his old coat lying around. Tho moment that he takes it off ho eats it The caterpillars that live In companies shed their skin boldly.

Only the poor solitary fellows feel forced to swallow their old clothes. London MaU. Chivalry In Battle. There was some chivalry In a naval fight In the good old days of Blake and Van Tromp. when sneaking submarines and barbarous -torpedoes were unknown and naval commanders "courted war like a mistress." When the Spanish Admiral Oquendo declined to come oat of the Bhallow waters of Goodwin sands to' be because he had no powder Tan Tromp said, 'T have powder enough for both.

I will give him halt mine." "It is not only powder I need, but masts for my ships," replied Oquendo. To which Van Tromp replied, "I have plenty of masts, a whole shipload of them, and you con have them if you will only come out and meet me." The result justified the caution of Oquendo, for when the two fleets did meet tho Spaniards were so terribly beaten by the Dutch that of sixty-seven ships only eighteen reached Dunkirk in safety. Army and Navy Jour nal Scotland and Cakes, Scotland came to be known centuries ago as the "Land o' Cakes" and as such has been celebrated in prose and poetry. One may yet in traveling through that northern land come upon country Inns and herders' huts, see women who sever attended a "cooking school" and who, over a peat fire in the great chimney place, a griddle, swung by a crone over the slow coals, baking a coke more than a foot in diameter, savory and promising of a meal for the gods, and who, when the big cake Is ready for the turning, will seize the griddle by the handle, give it a toss in the air and turn that cake with an art motion-not to be seen in any other place on earth, the big, round slab turning a loop the loop and alighting with the other side down In -the same place as before to the breadth of a slender stem of the heather. Exchange.

Yeast In Bread. In the dough from which bread Is made there is a lot of sugar, which contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It Is necessary to ferment this sugar to make bread edible, and yeast Is used because It has tho power to do this. It is made from a plant having this quality. Fermenting sugar Is equivalent to burning It and there are two results.

One Is the formation of carr bonic add gas. A great deal of this gas is caught in the dough in the form of large or small bubbles, and some of it escapes into the air. The part that cannot escape causes the dough to rise and makes the bread light The holes in bread are the little pockets which held the carbonic add gas. The effect of the bubbles is to lift the body of dough so that the beat can penetrate readily and bake It properly. Boston Herald A Morbid Desire.

Two octogenarian darkies at White Sulphur Springs, having been employed by one hotel management since old time war days, ore now retained as pensioners, though they occasionally do light and pottering jobs about the place. One day not long ago they were languidly raking leaves on the lawn. As a lady passed she beard them quarreling and stopped to listen. "Nigger," stated the older of the pair, "does von know whut I wish't? I wish't dat hotel yonder bad a thousan' i rooms in it and you wuz laid out dald in evy room!" Saturday Evening Pott Overcharged. In a western tows the for the gas company was making a popular address.

"Think of the good the gas company has done," cried "If 1 were permitted a pun 1 would say In theywords of the immortal poet 'Honor the light biigader Whereupon a shrill voice came from the rear, "Oh. what a charge they made!" New York Times. Doing His Beat Teacher Is there no way I can ia-dace you, Johnny, to take some interest in your algebra? Johnny Oertala-ly, MisB Jinks. In fact, I do take an interest but somehow I don't seesa be able to get hold of the priadjik. Richmond TImes-Disakh.

Al Almanacs are in extatesc that mm compiled in the oarteeath eeetary, feet they are only in maasseript. The lest printed almanac was issvei ait tat the year 1475. i Men of loftier sdveaia Jhste ofaiiaUa i xuacea ssen la tfcear girsr after -s An Artlta Impromptu Salov Pierre Garat the, singer and exquisite of Napoleonic France, was not merely a glass of fashion and a wonderful, sell Instructed singer, but an artist devoted to his art "But is the following." asks Bernard Mlall in his biography, "an example of sincerity in art or of love of attracting attention?" Coupigny had supplied him with a to be set to music Whenever the two met Garat replied, "I have not hit upon an idea as yet" One day Coupigny was walking down the Bue Neuve des Petlta Champs. Hearing a sound of some one running np behind him, he turned. It was Garat "who seized him by the arm, dragged him up the stairs of a neighboring house and, halting on the first landing, exclaimed, "Tve got it!" At once he began to sing the romance through at the top of his voice.

The Inhabitants of the house began to open their doors, heads were projected over the bannisters, finally they began to approach. But Garat having finished, tore down tho stairs like a monkey, dragging the bewildered poet with him. Youth's Companion. Thrive Without Sunshine. The doctrine that sunshine Is necessarily helpful and beneficial to the health Is not olwayiNrue.

The Turkish men and women upset this theory completely. Across every window In a Turkish home are lattices to keep out curiosity and sunlight The Turkish women get as little sunlight outside of their homes as they do inside. At the age of twelve the Moslem woman takes the veil and she is sever seen without it The only chance she gets to let the wind blow on her face ia when she is seated in the courtyard and within the walls of her own home. In spite of the fact that the men and women get so little exercise and fresh air they are strapping big and hardy people. Few Americans can match them In physique or powers of endurance.

St Louis Republic Hones on the Pats. The horses of the Simplon post diligence the coach which carries mail and passengers to the villages on the Simplon pass between Italy and Switzerlandare particularly jrell cared for. The road to the top Is a steady pull of fifteen miles over a macadamized track. The horses are driven at a fast walk. Five miles up they are watered.

At the ten mile station they are fed about a peck of black bread (rye or barley) cut Into mouthfuls; this makes a light lunch, sustaining but not as difficult of dlgestionas oats. At the top of the pass, at noon, the horses are given an hour and a half to rest and are well fed and watered. The return trip of fifteen miles Is made with a brake on the wheels most of the way, so that the horses trot freely and without the strain of holding back. Our Dumb Animals. He Got the.

Apples. "Once upon a time," began the teacher, "two little brothers started to Sunday school one Sunday morning. Their way led past a fine orchard, where the trees were bending down with ripe, luscious apples. One of the brothers proposed going into the orchard and getting some fruit but the other refused and sped away, leaving his companion greedily devouring the apples. "Now, it happened that the owner of the orchard saw them, and the next day rewarded the good boy who refused to steal his apples by giving him a shilling.

He got a prize for his honesty, and what do you suppose the oth er boy got for his dishonesty?" "Ho got the apples!" yelled- every member of the class. Exchange. GaHipoli is the door through which In 1S58 the Turks first entered Into their European possessions. And tho entrance came about in a surprising manner. In that year an earthquake shattered all the dties of Thrace and overthrew the walls of GauIpolL The Inhabitants fled, while the Turks, for whom earthquakes had no terror, crossed the Hellespont and marched upon the deserted dty.

Emperor Cantacu-zenus protested, but Sultan Orkhan calmly replied that "Providence had opened a way to his troops, and he could not disregard so dear an indication of divine Interposition." Thus was taken the first plunge that kept the sear east bathed In blood for centuries. London Standard Cornmeal For the Feet Men as well as women are finding cornmeal very beneficial to aching and sore feet Simply soak the feet in warm water into which a handful of meal has been throwjv and the meal when rubbed over the feet opens up the pores in such a manner as to stop the very disagreeable annoyance of painful feet It is far superior to salt baths for the" feet Philadelphia North Amer lean. On the Safe Side. Traveler Waiter, get me a lamb chop, quick. My train goes in eighteen minutes.

Waiter Yes; suv Fifty cents. Traveler-Wbatl Do you expect me to pay in advance! Waiter If you please, sir. You may be gone betas tfa ready. Boston Transcript Foul Blow. Alice-Trust her! Yon surely don't think she could keep a secret? Marie Well, rve trusted her with other things, and she kept tbesav Boston Trasseript ep is the prladpte of activity.

wjtaost aoiojHg out to to advance Is absurd 'a Mac Bassasd Burke. London's Bridges. At a time when the population of London was well over a million and her houses lay for miles on each side of the river she was apparently well content with her one London bridge. At length -in 1734 Westminster was seized with the desire to have a bridge of her own. Application was made to parliament for powers only to encounter the fiercest opposition, from the city, the 40,000 watermen, the inhabitants of Southwark and the west country bargemen, all of whom implored the commons to protect them against this new enemy.

The result was that the bridge was not built till 17B0. Blackfriars, at first called Pitt's bridge, was finished in 1760 at a cost of 200,000, defrayed by tolls. Waterloo was opened on the second anniversary of the famous battle with great pomp by the prince regent In person, accompanied by his royal brother, the Duke of York, the Duke of Wellington and many distinguished people. London Answers. "No Quarter Given." "It is forbidden to declare that no quarter shall be given." So say The Hague regulations.

That is a more modern rule than you would think. The Duke of Wellington sold that he understood that the defenders of a fortress taken by storm hod no right to quarter, although he himself did not as a rule, adopt such a cruel practice. A century ago, when a feeble garrison stubbornly held out In a feebly fortified place against a force manifestly superior and apparently able to take it eventually, it was usually refused quarter. There was an attempt to Justify the refusal by a doctrlno of "futile resistance" that he who uselessly resisted and caused assaulting or besieging forces unnecessary loss of life did not deserve to have hl3 own life spared. But that doctrine has been rejected Carried to Its logical condusion it would mean that every member of a weaker force in any kind of armed con test could bo killed William M.

Col lier in Forum. A Troublesome Cargo. "An elephant's shoulder Is never still" Is a Hindu saying with reference to the restlessness of the nnlmnl. An Englishman tells how the elephant's passion for moving about once came near wrecking a ship. A number of elephants were taken on board a vessel at Calcutta, and the steamer went down the Hugll river.

At night It anchored off Songor point The sea was as still as oil, but the ship rolled so much that she was in danger of going over. The elephants had found that by swaying to and fro all together they could produce a pleas ant rocking motion. As the ship had no other cargo and rode light the captain was much frightened The mahouts, or keepers, were hurried down Into the hold, and each one, seated on his own beast made him "break step," but they had to stay there for a long time. Why Milk Sours. We are told by those who study the ways and ravages of the mischievous microbe that he Is very, fond of sugar and that he delights to gratify this liking by turning the supply In milk into an add which sours the milk.

These microbes are constantly In the air, alive though Invisible, and ready to drop Into the milk when they can. If it were possible to keep the milk from the air after the cow is milked It would not turn sour. Warm milk is particularly inviting to the microbe and favorable to his operations. He does not get along well under chilling conditions, 'and that is why the sweetness of milk can be preserved If It Is kept cold Boiling fresh milk changes the sugar In such a way that the microbe cannot feed upon It Baltimore American. Precious Manuscripts.

Considered one of the finest manuscripts in this country, the "Evangel- Istarium sive Lectionesex Evangeiils," Illuminated and of French-Carlovingi-an origin, may be seen in the New York Public library. The manuscript is of vellum and consists of 200 leaves. Its date Is set in the neighborhood of 870 A. D. The late twelfth and thirteenth centuries are also represented, and among the works from tho fourteenth century is the oldest extant complete manuscript of tho Wycllfllte version of the New Testament in English.

Argonaut There's a Reason For Everything. "Wouldn't you try to get a divorce from a woman who abused you and neglected your home and thought more of her dub than she did of you?" thundered the big man. "I don't think I would," replied Henry Peck, "lam afraid Henrietta would not let me." PhHaddphla Ledger. Coral Builders. Coral reefs and Islands are formed by the coral building polyp.

These animals only live in dear water, the depth of which is sot greater th" fathoms, and the temperature of which does sot ainy below 63 degrees F. The Extreme Limit "How did your cake turn out my dear? "Pretty badly, I fear. Even the children wouldn't have a second piece." Louisville Courier-Journal. The Secret. is very confidential, Marian." "Yea, dear: I shall be most careful to whom I repeat it," Philadelphia He who did well in war Jaet fee right to "becladolag Srowniajp' Fly Rod For Rods of spnt tamboo aTS by cementlns together triangular striWaal cano to form each JoS- six strips is the choice ot Weight for within reason, the lighter Be-better-split bamboo 2 and have more casting powS fer action than rods of Vn, JP1 terloL Very properly the choice of a uy LT? that itedtotheroao'fSaSS cannot go far wrong JzT'1 nine feet in length.

SucharScs light work of our average iS should not weigh over ter ounces. a 1B. Asy rod seriously iv0rth ttat has snake gnHea.S?" reel seat and ferrules and Sm hand grasp. ana a solid cork It is very well when rnakins r. selection to try out severaX swering to the above specifli order to avoid, if possIbirS a rod that is either too sSrVT flexible-Outing.

or Strength In Hollownew. The stems of bamboos, wheat and oats ore hollow, altffi they grow to great heights hi parison to their thickness, it mVT saturaUy be supposed that to sab strength as they grew the stems ottzfc to be solid at the base, but It Is notla Careful experiments hare proved that a solid column subject to bendfct strains Is no stronger than a hoDw one. Consequently all Iron shafts are made hollow, and the steel shift, which drive the screws of steamships have a hole bored down the center to reduce the weight But this does not reduce the strength. The thickness of the branches of trees Is in proportioa to the weight to be borne. Horizontal branches, such as those of the cedar and elm, are much thicker than the almost vertical branches of the poplat The average natural factor ia breaking is about one in ten, eidnsive of wind pressure, and engineers emploj a factor of six In building with timbet Canes at the National Muuum.

A collection of canes made of practically every kind of suitable material and representing forty-five foreip countries, as well as twenty-one states of the Union, forms one of the cost Interesting exhibits at the National cu- seum at Washington. Forty different kinds of wooden canes are on exhibition, as well as canes made of Itoij. bone, horn, skin, paper, tin, wire anil other substances. In this collection are many canes that are artistic and others that are merely curious in shape, as well as some made for emergency uses. Among the latter are a sketching cane with drawing materials stored In the handle, a number equipped with match safes, mountain climbing canes with sharp spiked ferrules, an officer's "swagger stick" and sword and gun canes of various types.

The most interesting feature of the exhibit perhaps Is the historical element Popular Mechanics. Xerxes and the Hellespont Xerxes was furious when a stom wrecked his bridge of boats In the Hellespont from Abydos to Sestos. Sot content with having the engineers decapitated, he ordered the infliction of 300 lashes upon the strait and the letting down Into it of a set of fetters. Herodotus discredits the story that Xerxes also sent irons to brand the strait But the historian does give the "non-Hellenic and blasphemous terms which the scourgers were ordered to use: "Thou bitter water, this la the penalty which our master inflicts upon thee because thou has wronged UQ though he has never wronged thee. King Xerxes will cross thee, whether thou wilt or not but thou deservest not sacrifice from any man, because thou art a treacherous river of salt water." Bookplates.

No book collector should be wltw a bookplate, and a bookplate once m-serted In a volume should never be removed. When the plate Is that ora good colloctor it constitutes an indorsement and adds a certain interest aw value to the volume. 1 was once through the collection of a friend, a observing tlfe absence of a bookpl I asked him why it was. ue "The selection of a bookplate serious matter." Atlantic Knitting. Knitting Is a Scotch fifteenth century.

Soon after its ffl Hon a guild of stocking 0toa formed, with St Fiacre as Us pan saint Hand knitting was suppten ed by machinery as early as William Lee invented the suns frame. Times Change. ttotteprtadDaldlffeWW tween modern and ancient times. "One of the main points wastui modem earn their living, while tne dent urned their dead." Specifications does our party stanu asked the machine senator. "You, for one thing." ecus voice from the rear of tne Philadelphia Record.

A Gentle Request Jessie-Please, auntie. tMW nexHoor says, her compIS extremely UUSLHUUl ney Bulletin. Cynical. bachelor la a m.l Mvumorl In love. ri'-iIr ania married man has be0 cross4L Life-.