Fort Wayne Weekly Sentinel from Fort Wayne, Indiana • Page 7

'A HOW TO CONTROL GINSENG DISEASES The Average Yield of Ginseng Per Acre in the United is Not Than One-Sixth to One-Third of What It Should Be, the Shortage Beinc Caused Almost Entirely by the Numerous Diseases Which attack the Crop. THE CARE AND SMENT By C. R. TILLOTSON. The time of appearance and the severity of the diseases of ginseng in any given locality depend on climate, soil and cultural relatio is, but so far observed they are not confined to any particular region Generally Spaying should be Just before freezing should be 7f am Unt ab a Ion The frequency of application depends yeais bring lt to a nar onsthe growth of the plants and on ketable condition If properly cared Wood grown in the farm wood lot, preventing reproduction Improvement of these conditions can be secured through tbe judicious use of the axe.

by assisting natural reproduction, bv the exclusion of stock at from portions of the wood lot, and, where necessary, through planting or sow- is a farm, crop That it is, however, Is too often overlooked, because, unlike other farm a small amount of labor in all ginseng-growing sections, from New York to the Pacific. Branch, Root and Berries of Ginseng. Most of the diseases which affect ginseng growth may be controlled by spraying with the proper mixture at the proper time In case the disease has a tendenci to extend down the stem into the roots the tops of the plants showing disease should be removed by cutting them off at the crown If the root is affected it should be caiefully removed Iron the bed and destroyed, and the soil in which it grew should be disinfected Bordeaux mixture, either homemade or commercial, has been found to be the most reliable spray for ginseng The homemade Bordeaux mixture is made of copper sulphate (blue vitrol) and good hydrated or stone lime The strength recommended for use in spraying ginseng is 8-3-60, that is 3 pounds of copper sulphate, 3 pounds of stone lime, and 60 gallons of water. To prepare such a solution, dissolve 6 pounds of copper sulphate In 60 gallons of water by suspending the crystals in a sack just beneath the Surface of the water, slake 6 pounds of stone 1 me with hot water, and when completely slaked add enough water to mike 50 gallons of lime milk When i i ay to spray, mix equal parts of the vo solutions, taking care to stir both Never pour the two solutions together Until rpady to apply. To remove particles that might clog the nozzle, it Is well to strain the mixture as it goes into the An insecticide, such as arsenate of lead, 2 pounds to 60 gallons of Bordeaux mixture, may be added to this mixture Before applying Bordeaux mixture It is absolutely necesary to use lime enough to act on all the blue vitriol.

This may, pe determined by what Is as the ferrocyanid test ounce of the yellow pruseiate of potash is dissolved in a iint of water. When placed in a bottle this will keep Indifimtely Lim- should be added to the copper-sulphate solution until the prussiate of potash will not turn brown they become exposed etc for home ucvulllc exposed snould IHHUCI, juci, eic ior nome C0 ered wlth the spray. The spray use at a11 trrnes lf neglected or abus- sr-ouid be applied just preceding rains ed Jt ls bound to deteriorate, and may as tne fungus spores germinate and eventual 'y disappear altogether The infect the plants during rains The aim of thls article is to point out plants should not be sprayed when in meth ods of caring for the wood lot DlOSiSOrrt. nd A Strict liri TM TM TM i i vu I 1J1 mossom, as spraying has a tendency and lm it so as to prevent the setting of the berries duce the Direst and vi tug uernes Leaves, stems, and seed heads should De completely covered on all sides with the spraj Thorough work can best be done with a nozzle which gives a fine mist and with a pressure of not less than 50 pounds, or, better, 100 to 150 pounds Because of the fact that'the disease- producing organisms gradually accumulate in the soil, diseases are more prevalent In soils on which ginseng has previously been grown. Before to make It pro- best crop of which it is The wood-lot crop, like any other, should be judged by its quantity and quality To secure a full stand of trees of nigh quality, therefore, should he the farmer's aim Fortunately, the quality of timber is very largely determined by how dense the stand is, that is, how close together the trees are To be of high quality, timber must be, to a considerable proportion of its height, free of limbs, which are won grown.

UL iimua, wnmn are using a soil in which this crop has the cause of knots il must be tall, and been CTQWn it KA milfit nrtt rinp.rAafea rartlfllir In must not deor ease repidly in diameter from the butt to the top of the log a dense stand of timber when dropped from the bottle into the mlAtuie Then add an extra gal- Jon or so of the lime milk A slight excess of the lime will do no harm and i msuie against spray injury from free copper. ItfO been grown it should be sterilized with steam or dissinfected with formaldehyde, 1 part to 50 parts of water, or with copper sulphate, 1 pound to 5 gallons of water, these to be applied at the rate of about 1 gallon per square foot of soil, so as to destroy as many of the disease organisms as pos- Steaming for sterilization kills fungi and to a. large extent the weed seeds. The labor of weeding thus saved me britUe they then enough to pay for the cost of treat- are broken ofE the wjnd ment It also changes the physical Sn Or Other a encies By this pro- texture of the soil making it suitable Tor root development, and considerable plant food is made directly available to the plant The inverted-pan method of steaming the soil appears be the most practicable for ginseng eds "This apparatus for ginseng beds of the usual width should consist of a galvanized-iron pan, 4 by 10 feet and 6 inches, deep, which is inverted over the soil to be sterilized, the steam being admitted thiough a steam hose connection in the end or side of the pan The sharp edges of the pan which are forced down into the eoll prevent the escape of tike steam The pan is fitted with handles for moving and should weigh not more than 400 pounds. The soil is prepared as for planting.

All fertilizers are applied and worked as desired. A few" potatoes are burled at a depth of about a foot, to gauge the degree of heat obtained. These should general tvpes of wood there is considerable competition tor sunlight among the individual trees, with the result that height growth is increased Trees in crowded stands are taller Xhan those in unciowded stands of the same ace When thp 8 openings ana marke mg There are tw lots, each of which requires a differ ent method of handling (1) Vood lots which are characterized by the presence of old trees which dominate the stand, and (2) wood lota which are made up of a nearly even-aged stand of second growth 1 Wood lots characterized by the presence of old tr es which dominate the stand In this type the old trees may almost totally exclude the younger giowth, or they may exist only as a few scattered individuals throughout the stand Such material is very like- Iv to be deteriorating in quality, and the problem is that of removing it, and at the same time providing for a new stand of seedlings. From the standpoint of strict business management timber when mature should be cut Just the same as wheat or oats, and usually this is also desirable for the good of the wood lot itself. No dead or diseased timber should under any circumstances be allowed to stand The first operation necessary then, In wood lots of this type, is the cutting out at once of the dead and diseased material The second Is to cut the mature living trees as soon as suffl- produce more seed When the forest floor is in good condition the second cutting can made during the winter following a seed year.

With the removal of these trees the conditions will be favorable for the germination of the seed and growth of the seedlings Neither of the first two cuttings should be so heavy that abundant light will reach the ground and encourage a heavy growth of or grass The third cutting should LARKSPUR POISONING OF LIVE STOCK The Larkspurs Have Been Known to Be Poisonous From the Tine of the Ancient Greek and Latin Writers to the Present--It Is Only in North America, However, That they Have Been Important Causing Liiisci of Stock. Larkspur poisoning has been found, som later and poisoning may Oecnr an exhaustive study conducted by the Department of Agriculture, to be, with the exception of loco poisoning, the greatest cause of loss in western rattle herds Losses, it is said, are repoited from all the moun late as August or even September. On the range the first evidence the animal been poisoned la quently afforded by its falling down. After a short interval it will probably regain its feet only to fall be cooked sterilization is completed The steam should be kept at as high a pressure as possible, to 100 pounds." The treatment should be continued for 20 minutes to 1 hour, depending on the pressure of the steam and the character of the soil. Formaldehyde has been used again and again by various growers with very good results The treatment should be undei taken in the autumn, but In some cases it may be given in the spring All Tots should be removed from the beds and the soil thoroughly worked up.

The formaldehyde (40 per cent solution) Is diluted and is applied by one man with a hose or a large watering pot, while another man spades the soil The soil should be as dry as possible, but If wet the proportion of water should be reduced accordingly The grower should test how much water each square foot of soil will hold, dilute the that 1 gal- cess trunks are formed which a -e free of limbs, and hence of high quality Further, when trees are crowded their diameters do not increase rapidly from the butts to the tops In uncrowded stands Just the opposite is true height growth is less, the lower branches continue to live, increase in size, and form large knots, and there is a much greater taper in the trunks of the trees It is evident, therefore, that trees in the wood lot should be so crowded that the crown or top of each individual tree may be in contact with those of its nearest neighbors A crowded stand of trees produces not only a larger number but also a greater proportion of high quality sawlogs than an uncrowded stand of an equal area. This is of vital importance, because the price of logs of first quality is usually from one and one-half, to two times as much as that paid for logs of poor quality By far the greater number of farm wood lots are in need of improvement Poorer species are in the majority and are crowding out the better ones, many of the trees are overmature, some show evidence of insect or fun- gpus attack, some are dead, young trees are entirely wanting in the open places, and grazing is allowed to the extent of damaging the older trees and A Well Managed Second-Growth Wood Lot in Indiana, not Grazed. of ma- permit a satisfactory sale Stands composed almost wholly ture trees should not be removed all at once unless the owner expects to provide for the new crop by planting. To secure natural reproduction the old stand will normally have to be removed In two or each taking from one-third to one-half of the trees The first cutting is designed to open up the crown cover somewhat, so that the leaves on the forest floor may decompose more rapidly, the mineral soil become exposed, and the germination of seed be more certain. The lemaming trees become more windfirm, and as a result of their crowns receiving more sunlight they made after the seedlings are well established and no longer in need of the protection of the old trees In wood lots where the stand of old trees is not dense and reproduction is already well started, the older trees should be cut as soon a5 practicable Unless removed these will suppress and kill out young trees which would eventually be highly valuable 2 Wood lots which are made up of a nearly even-aged stand of second growth In this type of wood lot, trees of undesirable species may predominate in the stand and may be crowding out the better ones, the whole stand may be overcrowded, or it may be under- stocked and not reproducing The improvement of such wood lots may be brought about by various cuttings, known "improvement cuttings," and by methods of legeneratlon such as lestocking by seed, renewing by sprouts, planting, or artificial sowing Pasturing of wood lots has been one of the chief causes of their deterioration The severity of the damage depends largely upon the number of stock and the size of the wood lot One characteristic of a heavily pastured wood lot is the almost coi plete absence of young growth, 01 its existence only In small ragged patches Horses, cattle, sheep or goats eat young seedlings, particularly the hardwoods, trample them out, or brush against them and break them off Hogs eat the seed and thus prevent reproduction from starting, or root young seedlings out of the ground, and sometimes eat the roots The old growth is damaged though trampling and wounding of the roots, and through compacting the soil so that it is almost impervious to water Horses sometimes peel the bark from the trees.

They should at no time be permitted i the wood lot When It is desired to secure natural reproduction hogs may be turned into the woodlot just before the seed is to fall They will root up the ground and thus put It in good condition for the reception of the seed Goats and sheep should be allowed in the lot only when it is desired to clear up brueh or undesirable species, so as make possible the reproduction of better ones Pasturing and timber production cannot therefore, be practised on the same area except to the mutual disadvantage of each; and the combination of the two will not be as remunerative to the owner as the practice of either one separately to keep feet for longer and longer periods, and and from the Rocky Mountains on east to the coast on the west The recent experiments conducted bv the Department, indicate that the various species of larkspurs are pol- ccnous to cattle and horses but not to sheep Except under unusual cirf cumstances, nowevei, horses do not eat enough of the plant to produce any ill effects From a practical standpoint, therefore, It may be said that larkspur affects cattle only It was also found that a quantity of the weed equal to at least 3 per cent of the weight of the animal was neces- sarj to produce poisoning. In. the opinion of the investigators, the fact that sheep are apparently able to feed upon larkspurs with entire impunity may be utilized in some cases to protect the cattle Where larkspur is especiallj abundant, it is desirable to use the range for sheep rather than for cattle or to combine sheep grazing and cattle grazing in such a manner that the areas infested with larkspur shall be first eaten down bv the sheep On comparatively limited areas it may be possible to dig up the tall larkspur, mBW but this is frequently too costly a i it is ultimately unable to regain Poisonous finaUv walks off very much as if noth. ing had'happened In severer cases measure to be adopted and, furthermore, It is rarely possible to eradicate completely the poisonous weed Generally speaking, there are two great groups of larkspurs---the tall'jections of phvsostigmin salicylate, and the low The low disappear from jpilocarpin hydrochlorld, and strychnin sulphate If necessary, these treat- Ion of the strong or '40 per cent solution wirt be distributed over 60 square of Boil The soil should not be worked after treatment until the ex- ceSs of water is well di allied off As soon as It will work without puddling should be again thrown up loosely, to permit the evaporation of the formaldehyde Ten days to two after treatment, several respadlngs having been made, the beds should be condition for planting Artificial drainage is a necessity the ginseng bed, not only from the standpoint of culture, but also as regards diseases, which, as been shown, are favored by excess of water in the boil In the removal of such water good results have been obtained from the use of draintile in the ginseng bed It is impossible to give definite directions for a svstem of drainage, as fhe amount necessary varies with the character of the soil and the rainfall Generally speaking, 3-lnch tllee should be placed 6 to 8 feet apart and 3 to 4 feet deep in sand and gravel and 1H to 2 feet deep in clay. COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS.

Co-operation may not offer a solution for all of the troubles pf the farmer, but it is at least a matter that deserves his careful study The associations have been highly beneficial to the farmers of California, and they are still comparatively new At present they are used principally for selling 'the products of the farm, but the future will probably witness a development the other direction as well that of buying. the range early in July and Ceases of poisoning from them are usually confined to the months of Mav and June The tall larkspurs live through the summer season, making their flist appearance early spring This is the time in which they are the most poisonous After blossoming, their poisonous character appears to diminish Ultimately, it disappears and the plant dries up although the seeds remain poisonous In Colorado, most of the cases of poisoning from the tall larkspur occur in May and June, with sporadic cases in July In other localities, however, the larkspur's blos- ments may be followed by hjpodermlo injections of whiskey Poisoned animals are always constipated and usually recover if this condition can be relieved In all severe cases the animal!) are nauseated and death frequently results from the contents of the first stomach getting' into the windpipe Many of the cases in which poisoning is not severe will recover If care Is taken to turn the animal after it falls, so that the head will be higher than the rwt of the body, and to see that it is not further disturbed BEES DO MUCH TRAVELING. The bee is famed for industry, but to show how much work the bee really does a naturallist says that to collect a pound of clover honej the bees must deprive 62,000 clover blossoms The flowers must be visited bv 3,750,000 bees, or, in other words to collect his pound of honey one bee must make 3,750 000 trips to and from the hive As bees are known to fly for miles in their quest of suitable fields of operation, it Is clear that a single ounce of honey represents millions of miles of travel THE MAN BEHIND THE PLOW. Wallaces' Farmer says that successful farming depends on hitching-up the man, the crop and the soil "There is no sort of use in trying to achieve success with a crop not fitted to the soil," savs that paper, "or with a man not capable of taking care of the crop, nor with a soil that is not fitted for growing the crop which the man de frees shall be grown thereon BELIEVES IN CUT BONE. When I commenced feeding green cut bone, about the first thing I did Was to find its feeding value by actual test under like conditions, with fresh cut green bone added to their feed laid nearly twice as many eggs in the winter season and a third more in tho summer season than did the lot without the bone Fifty-eight hatched at the same time from same kind of eggs were divided into two lots and tieated the same, except one lot was fed some extra The lot with bone extra to their feed grew much faster and at the end of thirteen weeks, the end of the test, a person would never have thought the two lots were the same The lot fed the bone were not only larger, but had clearer and brighter plunwge The lot that ate the bone through the test with the loss of but one, while the lot without the bone sustained a loss of five This, with other observations, leads me to believe feeding bone will lessen the death rate in chicks and that old stock will be healthier--Wro, Jack Reasons For Failure JWth Turkeys Improper feeding, combined with close confinement, hae been the cause of many failures in 'turkey raising Ghen free range on the average farm, the poults can easily pick up their own living, and one light feed a day for the purpose of inducing them to come in at night is sufficient.

If the mother hen is confined to a coop and the poults allowed to run in and out, three times a day is often enough to feed and very little should be given at a VALUABLE DATA SECURED FROM SQUAB BREEDERS White Holland Turkeys. time. The poults should always be ready to eat, If given all they will clean up several times a day, indigestion will be the result. If there is little or no feed outside the coop for the poults to pick up, then they should be fed about five times a day, feeding only a small quantity at a time. A food feed for the first few days Is stale bread soaked in milk and squeezed dry.

Corn bread crumbs and clabbered milk or cottage cheese is also quite often fed and with excellent results. Green feed and grit should be on hand at all times. An the'poults grow older, the ration should gradually be changed to grain. A list of questions on pigeon raising Was sent to pigeon breeders throughout the United States, and, among others, replies were received from 22 large breeders who kept from 300 to 2,200 pigeons and produced squabs for market The records from these breeders are considered more applicable to the commercial production of squabs than the replies which were received from breeders keeping only a few pigeons for home use or pleasure. These large breeders reported keeping the Homer and Carneaux var- Ities almost exclusively for squab raising, with a comparatively small number of the Dragoon, Maltese Hen, and White King mentioned.

All except one breeder kept their pigeon's confined. The birds were mated at from 5 to 7 months old, the average mating' age being 6.7 Wheat, corn, kafflr corn, Canada peas, millet, and hemp were the grains most commonly fed, while a number of other grains including peanuts, grass seed, oats, buckwheat, sunflower seed, rice, Egyptian corn, cowpeas, and mllo maize were also used About about one-half of the breeders reported the use of some kind of green feed, including a. wide range of such material. The use of rock salt wad reported by one-half of the breeders, loose table salt by one-fourth, and table salt baked into a hard lump by the rest. About 16 per cent used some extra feed, such as millet or hemp ftquabs 5 Da.ys Old, Weight 4 ox.

Each. seed, during the molting period, while several who did not use special feed for assisting the molt supplied these grains in their regular rations. One-third used hoppers in feeding tne pigeons About one-Half supplied tobacco stems as the entire or for part of the nesting material, and hay and straw were commonly used, while others used pine needles, cut pea vines, and alfalfa One-half reported freedom from 11 diseases and about one- fourth gave as a common cause of eickness The average annual profit per pair of breeders varied from 32 cents to $3, and averaged $1 52, the feed cost from 95 cents to $2, with an average of AH sold squabs for market, while about, one-half sold both as breeders and for market. The average price for the year received per dozen squabs varied from $2 to 14 62 and averaged $3 43. By A.

R. LEE. i The number of squabs marketed from each pair of pigeons varied from 10 to 20, and averaged 131, the) weight per dozen varied from 6 to 11 pounds, and averaged 9 pounds i Squabs were marketed at four weeks except from two farms where the average age of marketing was given as four and one-half weeks Data Secured from Small Breeders. A' large number of repliee were received from breeders who kept less than 300 pigeons Their answers in general agreed with those from the large pigeon breeders, although they were more Varied. Many farmers objected to pigeons, claiming that they canied diseases and all kinds of vermin among stock and fowls, dirtied cisterns used for holding rain water, and ate grain from the fields and bams A very few farmers stated that the pigeons were beneficial to the farms and ate many weed seeds The number of pigeons in farm sections not kept confined was reported to be diminishing greatly as tje country became more thickly settled Other varieties of pigeons mentioned, in addition to those reported from the large pigeon farms, were the Runt and the common pigeon A few breeders separated the sexes during the molting period, that is, during late summer and early fall Slightly more than Squabs 26 Days OM, Ready for Market one-half allowed their pigeons free range Barley, rye, sorghum seed, and prepared mixed pigeon feeds were ad, dltional feeds mentioned Most farmers who did not keep theli pigeons confined fed only grains which they raised, such as corn, wheat, and oats Twelve per cent mixed fine salt with grit and oyster shell, and 6 per cent fed the dissolved in the drinking water Ovster shell and grit were supplied by most A few used special tonics during the molting period Only 33 per cent reported the use of tobacco stems or leaves, as against 50 per cent among the larger breeders The diseases most frequentlv mentioned were canker, going light, and roup The principal method of treatment was prevention, by keeping everything clean, using disinfectants freely, and killing sick or diseased pigeons.

Remedies mentioned for preventing sickness were the use of kero- sene oil, permanganate of potash, lime, copper sulphate, carbolic, acid, quassia chips, epsom salts, Venetian red, tincture of gentian, or a in the drinking water Dry sulphur and diluted peroxld of hydrogen were used in treating canker, and kerosene oil foi roup A few allowed diseased pigeons their freedom when they had been kept confined About one-fourth reported some loss by rats, but most of the larger breeders made their pens rat proof Loeaes from hawks and cats were reported in some cases where the pigeons were allowed their freedom The average yearly profit from each pair of breeders varied from 20 cents to J7 50, and averaged $2 29 The profit from breeders who sold stock largely for breeding purposes varied from $10 to per pair The average yearly feed cost per pair varied from 40 cents to $4, and averaged $1 32 per cent sold squabs for market only, 33 per cent both for market and as breeders, and 12 per cent for breeders only The number of squabs marketed from each pair of breeders varied from 5 to 22, and averaged 13 8, the weight per dozen Squabs varied from 4 to 18 pounds, and averaged 101 Squabs were marketed at from 8 to 6 weeks, the average being 4 2 weeks The average price for the year received per dozen squabs varied from 60 cents to (6 and averaged $3 01. The Training of Dogs I For Farm Purposes Upon farms Vhere stock is kept, a well-broken collie dog is an unfailing source of help and satisfaction while an unbroken untrained dog Is a continual nuisance In handling stock with a dog, It Is important that the dog be well-trained, and that great care be exercised while the animals ars getting used to being managed by him When these two conditions are ful- 1 filled it ig surprising how easily and economically stock can be taken of The first essential in breaking a dog for any purpose is to teach him to The Farmer's Friend, GET RID OF THESE PESTS. DON'T NEGLECT THE HORSE. Farmers all know the result of neglect nd poor feeding is to reduce the size and stamina' of the horse and that the best care with good wUJ IncreaA the sUe and improve appearance to sell tettsr. When white grubs are once in the field there Is no way of protecting the crop.

There are, however, methods that will greatly reduce the damage in succeeding years. Crop rotation and fall plowing are best. Hogs and chickens like the grubs and quickly reduce the number in fields in which they are kept. A BAD SIGN. CARE IN PURCHASING.

Never buy a horse that drags his hind lags. The animal that elves his heels a outward fling that shows his sttots. is generally a food traveler. When a horse cats dirt, it Is no sign that he Is sick He ia only seeking that which his system craves A steady-diet of corn In the winter will often cause a horse to eat dirt. A bran mash with chopped roots is beneficial in such cases.

STORAGE FOR POTATOES. Look after the pits in which potatoes and the like are stored. Put on more'earth and close up the openings left for ventilation In cold weather it is a good plan to cover the pits with corn foddw. WHY KEEP LIVE STOCK? Because live stock can be Improved along more definite lines than any other kind of farm products. Pedigrees and registry books -nade possible definite lines along which to work FEEDING FOR PROFIT.

Wlh the present market prices, every olt of good draft, breeding ought to return a good profit if fed so as make the maxii turn Montgomery, University Farm, St. Paul. All farmers should have a GOOD ROADS. The Value of farming land depends very largely on the distance from a market A good road has the effect of shortening the time required for carrying a load of produce to market, which is practically the same thing as shortening the distance ROOTS FOR SHEEP, Roots are good for sheep. Have you any to spare' Maybe you have a few potatoes that are not large enough to cook or plant.

They go first rate with the sheep. A mule reasons with his hind feet, but he himself understood. DO NOT USE SCRUB SIRES. The most important thing connected with the work of the sheep breeders is the selection of the i-ams from which to breed Never, under any consideration, breed from a scrub, a grade or an inferior ram, for, In doing this, you do your flock and yourself an irreparable injury. DON'T STORE INFERIOR FRUIT.

Good, sound apples, reasonably free from blemishes, handled so as to reduce the bruising to a minimum are the only kind of fruit to put in storage. The stable should be whitewashed twice a year. mind Dogs are intelligent and affectionate animals and are usually gratified to do the will of master. If posible, an animal should be broksn to mind without fear of punishment In breaking to handle stock it is a great advantage to have stock, that is used to being driven by a dog, upon which to bt eak the puppy Stock that Is not used to a dog it often easily frightened, 01 it may flfht the dog. it is an excellent plan to have an older and well-broken dog to assist in the training, as dots are imitative.

The puppy quickly learns what is wanted by association with tht older dog. In training dogs avoid shouting. It Is as easy to teach them to mind a single word or a whistle, and mae more satisfactory, and remember that much more can be accomplished by kindness than harshness. USELESS WAOTK. There are known to be one and seventy-slx different kinds of )D sects that are more or less injurious to apple trees.

There is not OM of that wai itot ft tifff 10 feet at all and dies Government ex- perlments indicate that beneficial results may be obtained by treating the poisoned animals with hvpodermlc in- i S. IiW.