The Coconino Sun from Flagstaff, Arizona • Page 1

SlWKfc MP VW? 4 "Stamps, Stamps, Stamps, the Boys Are Marching" W. S. S. i Fife' if VOLUME XXXV RED CROSS HAS CANTEEN SERVICE At a meeting held at Williams, June 29th, it was deckled to establish a larger canteen service at that point with the co-operation of the Phoenix, Jerome, Tlagstaff, Prcscott and Globe chapters, who will assist the Williams chapter financially. Plans have been arranged to build a canteen building 20x22 feet at the west end of the Harvey House in Williams, connecting with their lights and with their steam pipes for coffee and hot water and the building will be under the care of the hotel watchman when not in use.

The Saginaw Manistee Lumber Company of Williams and the Arizona Lumber Timber Company and Flagstaff Lumber Company of Flagstaff, have generously agreed to share the expense of the lumber for the building, which will be delivered without cost, for this purpose. It was decided to establish a working fund of $1,000 for the purchase of supplies, to be replenished by assessments on the several chapters when the fund is reduced to $250. During the month of June about 5,000 soldiers and sailors were supplied with hot coffee, sandwiches, tobacco, newspapers, post cards, magazines and toilet articles by the women of the Williams canteen service. In order to maintain Arizona's reputation as a leader in all good work for the comfort of the boys while en route to the cantonments at home or to the battlefields, these several chanters are glad to co-operate in this service. That it is fully appreciated is attested by the numerous letters of thanks and appreciation received from the boys.

The generous co-operation of the Santa Fe railroad officials is expected in this connection. A meeting of the executive committee of the Coconino county chapter was held yesterday, at which this matter was passed on as well as other matters, one of which was the decision to eliminate raffles in connection with the Red Cross work and especially in connection with the work room work. GEORGE MUST HAVE HIS HOME NEWSPAPER Outpost Signal Camp Cody, N. July 5th, 1918. Col.

F. S. Breen, Care The Coconino Sun, Flagstaff, Arizona. Dear Mr. Breen: If not too much trouble, would you kindly have my "Sun" sent direct to me, Outpost 109th Field Signal Battalion, Camp Cody, N.

It all helps a little to keep in touch with the old home town and to know what's going on there. We've all been out of the different training companies since June 22nd, but, of course, I don't know where the Flagstaff boys are now located. Since that date I haven't seen anybody I know here, although I've been over a good deal of the camp in connection with my work. I was assigned to the above battalion, even better than I expected, and we have it over the infantry and artillerymen in that we do not carry rifles, only side arm3 .45 Colts. As Gilmer wrote you before, this camp isn't so bad when you take into consideration that we haven't the rainy weather that they have at some of the other camps.

Had a letter from from Little Silver, N. and says he likes it there first rate. Suppose Flagstaff put on some sort of a celebration, yesterday; we had quite a day of it here a parade in the morning, athletics in the afternoon, a free circus, dance at the Stadium, and they gave out about a million hot-dogs, popcorn, peanuts and lemonade free. With regards to all of our friends, I am, Sincerely, GEO. W.

NEGRAY. STOCKMEN DECLARE WAR ON THE KANGAROO RAT The kangaroo rat and other nocturnal rodents of the desert are under investigation, charged by the stockmen of southern Arizona with the destruction of valuable range grasses, which they use for food. In order to ascertain the extent of the damages the Biological Survey in co-operation with the desert laboratory of the Carnegie Institute and the United States Forest Service has been conducting a series of studies on the Santa Rita range reserve, south of Tucson in the vicinity of the Coronado national forest. It was found that the burrows of these rodents average four to the acre, and many of them contain valuable' perennial grass seeds in large quantities. In some cases the rats have so thoroughly destroyed the grasses that barren areas thirty or more feet in diameter are found.

Three contiguous two-acre areas have been fenced. One of them is rodent proof, while the other two are merely fenced against stock grazing. By exterminating the rats and mice on the rodent proof pasture and one of the other areas, while the third tract is left unmolested, it will be possible to determine the actual damage and the possibility of reinfestation. At the same time an effort will be made to cast some light on the relative amount of forage consumed by rabbits as compared with cattle. Estimates made in the vicinity of Tucson show that jackrabbits alone probably number from thirty to sixty per square mile.

PENALTY TO ASSIST EVADERS OF DRAFT Hereafter it will be a violation of the laws of Arizona for any person to commit any act to assist registrants in being placed in deferred classifications. The special session of the legislature enacted a law to punish all who would give such aid for the purpose mentioned, and designating such ones who thus offend as guilty of felony, and prescribes his or her punishment at confinement in the penitentiary. The new statute, which is now a law, as it was enacted with the emergency clause, make it a felony for any person signing a false affidavit relating to the financial and physical condition of domestic relation of any applicant for deferred classification. Following is the statute which is now a law, and which persons will be prosecuted under when unlawfully making an affidavit to assist registrants in securing such deferred classifications: Section 1. Any person who furnishes or signs or aids or assists in furnishing or signing any false affidavit of certificate relating to the physical or financial condition, or the domestic relations, of any person, which affidavit or certificate is used for the purpose of securing a deferred classification under the selective service regulations of the United States, shall be guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by imprisonment for not less than one year.

LABOR PROFITS BY WAR. SAYS GOVERNOR HUNT An address Governor Hunt of Arizona on the profit which labor unions have derived from the war was a feature of the celebration of the Fourth at Selig Zoo Park, Los An- rrnlnc llnrlnr the nnsnirps nf thf LOS Angeles Metal Trades Council. Gov ernor Hunt declared mat tne war nas been of "immeasurable benefit to labor," that President Wilson "stands exactly where the labor unions stand," and expressed the belief that trades-unionism soon "will have eliminated the necessity and the cause of all militant methods." WELL-KNOWN YOUNG M. D. CALLED INTO U.

S. SERVICE Dr. G. F. Manning, well known local physician, left Wednesday for El Paso, where he will be outfitted with uniform and other military paraphernalia for service in the Reserve Medical Corps of the U- S.

army, and is called to report for duty on the 18th inst. at Camp Cody. Dr. Manning togk the required examination a few weeks ago at Douglas and returned to Flagstaff to look after his practice and await his call for duty. His brother, Dr.

Tom Manning, also took the examination at the same time and is expecting his call any day. George Baumann. well known con tractor of Williams, was a visitor in Flagstaff the first of the week. i JAMES LOY WOULD TRAP OFFICE OF ATTY. GENERAL James Loy, one of the best Democratic lawyers in the state, former county attorney of Coconiho county and now a resident of Prescott, was in Flagstaff a few days this week perfecting his petition as a candidate for the nomination for attorney general on the Democratic ticket.

If there is one thing more than another that Arizona needs and needs badly, it is an attorney general who can elucidate some of our present laws. Almost any one can read the laws, but few know what it means or exactly how to comply with it. The Supreme court very often disagrees with lower courts and there is hardly ever a case in any court but where lawyers on opposing sides disagree with each other as to the meaning of the law in question and argue heatedly over its provisions. Originally, many hundreds years ago, and there is still some slight trace of the suggestion in old law books, justice was supposed to have some bearing in rare cases. This old theory is not entirely obsolete yet and is at times mentioned during long drawn out legal trench warfare.

Mr. Loy proposes to re-introduce this theory again insofar as it fits in with the multiplicity of legal and other regulations inacted to camouflage the public. If it is necessary to the peace and happiness of the majority of the peo ple that a democrat must occupy tne office of attorney general, we are in duty bound to agree that it should be James Loy. He will make a campaign from No-gales to Fredonia for the nomination, and it is a good bet that he will win. RAMAGE-SPRING NUPTIALS.

Dr. Gelert Ramage, son of Conductor Tom Rammage, who has been railroading in northern Arizona for years and years, was maVricd in Winslow one day last week to Miss Elizabeth Spring of San Diego. Dr. Ramage is a recent graduate of the California University dental school and stood at the head df his classT" winning special honor by being one of the 100 dentists selected by the government for special instruction in 6ral surgery and plastic work for service in the army. The bride is a daughter of the pastor of one of the Methodist churches in San Diego.

They will make their home in Winslow. FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA, FRIDAY, JULY 12, 1918. THE ARIZONA WOOL GROWERS' ASSOCIATION HOLD ANNUAL MEETING The annual meeting of the Arizona Wool Growers' Association was held at the court house in the town of Flagstaff, on July 9th, 1918. About thirty members of the association from different points were in attendance and also Mr. Kavanaugh, district forester from Albuquerque; Supervisors Marsh of the Coconino national forest and Yarnell of the Tu-sayan national forest, Deputy Forest Supervisor Maxwell of the Coconino national forest, and Doctors Williams, Haskctt and Gilchrist.

A wire was received from E. A. Sawyer, advising that he had misconstrued the date of the meeting and was unfortunately unable to be present. The minutes of the previous meeting and reports of the officers were read and approved. Mr.

Kavanaugh, representing the district forest office, spoke at some length on the relations and co-operation of the sheep and cattlemen with especial reference to their mutual interests in regard to driveways, the inference being that the cattlemen in many instances did not understand the situation to their own interests. Mr. Gilchrist spoke on the results obtained in the destruction of prcda-j tory animals and advised he had ap-j plied for over-seas work in tno exter-l mination of rats in the trenches in France, which arc a serious' menace, at this time. The association endorsed his application. i Supervisors Marsh and Yarnell ad dressed the association, assuring the co-operation of the forest service officials of their respective forests.

Dr. Williams addressed the association in reference to the feeding experiments being conducted in reference to lambs and ok! ewes, to ascertain the relative values of alfalfa, corn, oats and mixtures of these and other feeds. Mr. Hughes of Williams addressed the meeting relative to the closing of gaps in the Tusayan forest, urging the co-operation with the forest service at this end. A meeting was held at Wil- SEN.

FRED SUTTER, OUT TO BE GOVERNOR, IN FLAGSTAFF TODAY Senator Fred Sutter of Bisbce, the young man who pulled the out of Governor Hunt's domicile and reduced it to "hut" during the last session of the legislature, atnveu in iagstair last evening from a whirlwind visit to the counties east of here, with a glow on his face that really smacked of joy at the good news he had received from the inhabitants of that section of the country who usually vote the Democratic ticket. Senator Sutter is the man who pulled the figures on the 205 deported men whom Hunt claimed held Liberty bonds and showed that Hunt was only "mistaken" by about 198. Senator Sutter's flailing of Hunt was the big sensation of the session and created so much popular sentiment in his favor among the Democrats that they insisted on his toeing a candidate for governor as against the Hunt element, which element is strongly entrenched for Fred Colter. It is generally believed that Hunt must turn the state government over to Colter, who is to protect Hunt's administration and permit the. machinery to be used to secure the election of Hunt as U.

S. senator two years hence. If some one outside the Hunt picket fence should break in and show up the things that have happened since statehood, also not be "trooly loyal" to the well oiled old machine, something would be done to the detriment of Hunt and his chances for the U. S. senate.

Then, if Hunt was not hired to receive a salary as senator, and there should be a Republican president elected, who would not appoint him as imitator or some other such place think of the salary Iapsis. What a brutal thought. Senator Sutter promises that he is going to be the Democratic nominee for governor. Hunt promises himself that Colter will be the nominee, because he needs him in his business and throws his defy to the people who would interfere with his program. We can only rise to remark with much emnhasis: "cul-de-sac." which is a place our Democratic friends seem to be looking for without the aid of a light.

A MIGHTY SAD CASK Cnntnin John Hance. the man who obtained some notoriety by reason of his having single-handed dug the Grand Canyon, but later attaining real fame for havinj to shoot his wife when she broke her leg down in the Canyon, to save "her life; was in Flagstaff yesterday as a witness in a case where he stole a horse and is prosecuting the owners for letting him do it, knowing the present high cost of feed. Mrs. Lizzie Bales and children came up from Phoenix Wednesday night and will spend the remainder of the summer with the former's parents, Mr. and Mrs.

D. S. Lewis. Gives Col. Gilliland Send-Off.

The following complimentary notice was taken from the Veteran-Enterprise, published at the soldiers' home at Sawtelle, on the eve of Mr. U1IU11U1UU utptumre ivr I liams the day following for users of the Tusayan forest, taking up this question. The matter of driveways and trails was taken up at length and fully discussed. The limitation upon the Mud Tank trail was left to the discretion of the forestry department. Dr.

Haskett advised that a general dipping order will be effective between August and November 1st. No action was taken on fixing a wage scale for herders. The assessment for the year 1918-19 was fixed at 1 cent per head. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President H. E.

Campbell. Vice President F. D. Bly. Secretary and Treasurer M.

I. Powers. Executive Committee H. E. Campbell, F.

D. Bly, John Hennessy, Wm. M. Hughes, Fred Purcell, A. J.

Le-Barron. Coconino Advisory Board H. C. Lockett, John Hennessy, R. T.

Brown, George Campbell, A. J. LeBarron. Tusayan Advisory Board E. A.

Sawyer, L. F. Verkamp, Warren Perkins, Colin Campbell, F. R. Bly, C.

E. Howard, Lou Charlebois. Prescott Advisory Board H. J. Gray, H.

E. Campbell, T. E. Pollock, A. J.

LeBarron, John Hennessy, O. B. Sutton, Arthur E. Garrett. Delegates to National Wool Growers' Association convention at Salt Lake City, Utah H.

E. Campbell and M. I. Powers. Since the above meeting a large number of memberships in the association have been received from members of the Navajo County Wool Growers' Association.

It is contemplated at the next meeting of that association they will disorganize and all join the Arizona Wool Growers' Association. This will largely increase the membership and influence of the State Association and speaks well for its future influence and activities. An advisory board will be appointed for the Sitgreaves national forest. MUCH WOOL WILL BE DEMANDED BY ARMY Coming requirements of the army for wool look large. 'Besides clothing for the soldiers in France and at home a reserve must be accumulated sufficient to take-care of any emergency.

There are large stocks of manufactured clothing and cloth on hand adequate for essential civilian needs, but woolen suits will not be cheap or plentiful during the coming winter season. Wool stocks from abroad to supplement the domestic supply is restricted by shipping conditions. The shipping board states the movement of Argentine wool will be heavier the coming year than in any preceding year. But a large portion of the raw wool stock in this country and stock to be produced or imported to January, 1920, will be needed for military uses. The war service committee of the National Association of Woolen Manufacturers and the American Association of Woolen and Worsted Manufacturers conferred with the War Industries Board and representatives from the Shipping Board, War Trade Board, and army and navy over difficulties in the wool supply situation.

The policy of the War Industries Board is to regulate prices and distribution when a scarcity arises due to government demands. TO OUR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS AND THEIR FAMILIES The Home Service Section of the Coconino County Chapter of the American Red Cross is ready and eager to help you. We will advise you about allowances and allotments furnish any 'necessary advice wheth er financial, medical or legal get information of the whereabouts of the men in service. Come to us with all your problems. Anything we may do for you is a privilege and a duty which the government has turned over to the Red Cross.

Don't listen to any claim agents or unknown lawyers, but let our able Red Cross lawyers help you and protect your rights they will serve you free of charge. We are ready to serve you in the most confidential and private manner. We would also like every drafted or enlisted man before leaving home to come to us and hear what the Red Cross and the government will do for him and his family. We would like every man to let us tell him about allowance and allotments, about government insurance, and how to avail himself of these. Perhaps our lawyers can help him before he goes.

We want him to know when he is in a cantonment or overseas the Red Cross is ready to act as his friend. Apply to E. S. Miller. Chairman of Home Service Committee, or Miss Elsa Myers, secretary, or C.

B. Wil son, attorney. B. Gilliland. orderly of ward 7.

Co. has taken a furlough and left for his home in Flagstaff, Ariz. 'Uncle as be was called, will be sadly missed, for he had made many warm friends. His patience and tenderness endeared him to every veteran in his ward. He was a bureau of information, a walking encyclopedia, and his reported ability to carry on a conversation with half a dozen persons at the same time on different subjects was a feat belonging to few.

His many friends here wish him unbounded good DRAFT NUMBERS OF NEW REGISTRANTS The local board has received the order of draft numbers for Coconino county from Washington, D. and they were listed by Clerk Higginboth-am the first of the week. The order number is consecutive and the way the registrants were classified in Flagstaff prior to and on June 5. Here is the way they come: 10 W. J.

Denny, Flagstaff. 29 Fructuosa Sandoval, Flagstaff. 17 Warren Leroy Bell, Flagstaff. 57 Fortunato Macius, Williams. 4 Edward A.

Loy, Cornville. 28 Agapito Archas. Flagstaff. 45 Edward Frederick Miller, Williams. 61 Jose Mendez, Williams.

51 Parley Wilford Judd, Fredonia. 41 John Thomas Moorehead, Williams. 32 Perry Preston Dickinson, Grand Canyon. 1C James Raymond Willis, Flagstaff. 55 Domingo A.

Canadas, Flagstaff. 33 Ray Raymond Arkcnburg, Grand Canyon. 56 Justino Pasillas, Winslow. 48 Fay Wolfe, Williams. 13 Ernest L.

Cranston, Flagstaff. 3 Frank R. Owenby, Sedona. 11 Leonard Sandberg, Flagstaff. 35 Joseph Kedzoir, Williams.

62 Jose L. Baca, Flagstaff. 18 Wm. Edward Phillips. Flagstaff.

54 Angel Cobo, Flagstaff. 39 James A. Stark, Williams. 30 Daniel Contreras, Flagstaff. 49 Warren D.

Rice, Williams. 25 Felipe Carmenski, Flagstaff. 58 Jose Gomez, Williams. 12 Joseph A. Rodriquez, Riordan.

34 Pedro Quintana, Williams. 2 Ralph Henry Fish, Bellemont. 46 William Earl Pitts, Ash Fork. 8 Vernal L. Willis, Riordan.

40 Adelard Joseph La Bricque, Williams. 38 Teel Bartin, Williams. 7 John Byron Lowry, tiagstair. 27 John Hall, Flagstaff. 1 Clarence Ford French.

Flagstaff. 52 Pedro Ylarras, Flagstaff. 6 Arthur M. Riordan, Flagstaff. 24 Eustorgio Resendez, Flagstaff.

14 Carl L. Dickinson, iagstati. 19 Thomas B. McMillan. Flagstaff.

59 Ramon Abiloser, winslow. 37 Thomas Carroll Miller, Williams. 36 Oscar Rogren, Bellemont. 44 Gordon Aaron Bristol, Williams. 15 James Earl Petty.

Flagstaff. 26 Jesus Espinoza, Flagstaff. 31 Hung Wah, Flagstaff. 53 Margarita Cordova, Anita. 43--Torres, Williams.

23 Francisco Aceves, Flagstaff. 22 Jose Martinez, Flagstaff. 21 Jose Eseota, Flagstaff. 50 Willard Carlton Smith, Williams. 47 Raymond W.

Stevens, Williams. 60 Santiago Alonzo, Flagstaff. 9 Philip L. Lacy, Flagstaff. 20 Barnard Marshall, Flagstaff.

5 Eugene D. Lee, Cornville. 42 Henry Leon Jones, Williams. The young men who registered in this county on June 5th and those relisted and put in class one have been ordered by the local draft board to report in Flagstaff on July 22 for physical examination. MARK MOORE WRITES TO MOTHER FROM FRANCE Private Mark Moore, well known Flagstaff boy, and who is a son of Mr.

and Mrs. T. J. Moore, writes as follows from France: "St. Romain, France, "June 6, 1918.

"Dear Mother: "Just a few lines to let you know that I am still alive. Haven't been to the trenches yet, but hope to soon. Am working on telephone lines here. Have been to several places of interest and there are more that I am going to see before returning to America. Most of France that I have been in is par bon (not good), as we say over here.

There is1 only one thing that is tres bien (very good) and thai is white wine is sealed bottles. It has only been a few days that we could give the name of the town we were in. You won't find this town on the map, so don't look. Whenever the Frenchmen go out to work they take their wine with them to drink instead of water. They live on wine and bread mostly wine, it seems to me.

The days over here are the longest I ever witnessed; the sun is up at 5:30 and sets at 8:30, and it isn't dark at 10 o'clock. "Well, will close for this time. As ever, "Your loving son, "PRIV. MARK A. MOORE, "Co.

116 Field Sig. American E. via New York." SERGT. RAYNER SPEAKS HERE. A large and appreciative audience was at the Orpheum Tuesday night to hear the address of Sergt C.

Rayner. The sergeant is a Scotchman and a member of the Seventy-second Highlanders of Canada, having seen actual service in Europe in the present big conflict. He is a veteran of the great battle of Ypres, where the Canadians showed the stuff Americans are made of by making such a great showing against their opponents. Sergt Rayner held his audience spellbound for over two hours, telling of personal experiences at the front and gave many accounts of the treatment of Huns in their barbaric warfare. He left Wednesday for Winslow, where he was booked for a lecture.

NUMBER 38 SUPERIOR COURT CONVENES MONDAY The July jury term of the Superior court convened in Flagstaff Monday, with Judge F. W. Perkins presiding. Court Reporter Harrison and Clerk Adams were at their desks, and County Attorney Wilson and assistant, G. T.

Wall, and Sheriff Dickinson and deputies all being present to wait upon the court. The greater part of Monday was taken up in examining jurors, and a special venire of fifty had to be ordered, owing to the required number not qualifying and some of them being out of the county. The case of the State vs. E. L.

Dodge, 'charged with receiving and disposing of stolen property, came up Tuesday morning and lasted until late Wednesday, when a verdict was rendered against the defendant There are about one hundred cases on the docket, but only five more civil cases to be tried by jury. The trial of Sanderson vs. Tucker came up before the court yesterday morning and was given over to the jury about 5 o'clock. The case was over a promissory note. FALLS FROM CLIFF.

While Andy Erland and Eric Anderson, two employes of the Saginaw logging camp near Bellemont, were viewing the sights of the Cliff Dwellings one day last week, the latter slipped from a twenty-foot cliff and made a tumble of twenty more feet before encountering a stopping place. The fall shook Anderson up considerably, slightly injuring his back, but the accident was not of sufficient nature to prevent him from making his way out of the cliff canyon. He is now seemingly as good as ever. T. G.

Puelcp.tfc. fnrmprlv nn nmnlnvn of The Sun office, who Mt Jiro sev eral weeks ago for Albuquerque, where he was in an auto accident and suffered a fracture of the leg, arrived home Tuesday. It will be several weeks vet before Mr. PiirVctf will ha jable to.be out ANIMAL PESTS WILL HAVE A BAD YEAR For the'first time in history the U. S.

Department of Agriculture Bureau of Biological Survey will have adequate funds for the state of Arizona so as to make a favorable impression upon crop and stock destroy- ing pests. The state legislature at the special -session, fully realizing the vast importance of controlling pests at this time, appropriated for the Council of Defense to be expended under the supervision of the Biological Survey, who will also set aside $25,000 for the same -purpose. The county supervisors" of nearly every county in the state, including Coconino, are, also setting aside county funds to co-operate with the government in the same manner. Judging from past experience, there should be exterminated in the state of Arizona during the coming year 6,000,000 dogs, 1,000,000 jack-rabbits, 500,000 gophers, thousands of coyotes, wolves, lions, bears and smaller' animals. The meat and skins of the jackrabbits will be utilized as well as the furs of the larger animals.

In only eight months' time the government hunters in New Mexico killed 118 wolves, 1,025 coyotes, 19 lions, 11 stock-killing bears, 231 bob-cats, and 443 smaller animals. Returns from the furs reduced the cost to less than $6 per animal. Under the plans being made for the Arizona campaign, every farmer in the state will receive direct assistance in combatting rodent pests and all stockmen should benefit greatly by the extermination of predatory animals. The Food Administration, Council of Defense, stock associations, farmers' associations, forest service, county supervisors, and the U. S.

Department of Agriculture through its county agents and Biological Survey, will all play important parts in the proposed plans for carrying on the extermination work. In fact, with the best of co-operation from all interested parties there should be rendered a piece of work relative to increased food production, which will be a credit to the people of Arizona. Any correspondence relative to the rodent pest work should be addressed to D. A. Gilchrist at Flagstaff and matters pertaining to the predatory animal extermination to M.

E. Must-grave of Albuquerque, N. M. CAPONIZING DEMONSTRATION AND POULTRY MEETING Mr. N.

L. Harris of the Extension Service will give a demonstration next Monday afternoon at 2 o'clock, at the Emerson school, that will more than likely interest both adults and the boys' and girls club members. Oaponizing is an operation that every poultry raiser should know how to perform, and something that is attracting a great deal of interest these days. Mr. Hams will show just how to perform it, and will also give a talk on poultry diseases and pests, and their remedies.

Every one is cordially invited, and the boys and girls are especially asked to see this demonstration, as they can learn something that will be of very practical value to them. luck and happiness in his old home." 1 tw rfasww fMMd -w.