The Courier News from Blytheville, Arkansas • Page 16

1LTTHEYILLI (ARKJ ODURTER MWf WEDNESDAY, MARCH It- Big Question of Polio Vaccine: Is Enough Protection Given? (Second of a Scries) Br ALTON L. BLAKESLEE AP Science Beporter N1W YORK (AP) Each child taking the Salk polio vaccine this spring will have 30 detd polio viruses shot into his arm. Itch will get three shots, each shot containing 10 billion viruses. Because they are dead, the viruses cannot cause polio. But even though dead, they htve somt power to stimulate a person to make antibodies, the body's natural disease ftfbters billions of dead viruses concentrating this power.

big question is whether the vaccine can produce enough anti- bodict to protect children against natural exposure to live polio virus this fummer. All the scientific evidence that it will. But the only way to find out is to have half a million to a million children take the vaccine, and see whether and how well resist polio this summer. And the test must be run upon huge number of children, because paralytic poliomyelitis is actually rather a rare disease. Polio been called an epi- demic if only 30 OIK of 100.000 per- sons down with it.

However, it hits children more often than adults. If you picked any scattered group of 500,000 children aged 6 to 9, you would expect that about 350 or so would become recognizably sick: next summer with polio. (Of this 350, more than half would recover with no paralysis.) So for an adequate test you must have half a million to a million vaccinated children to compare with an equal number of nonvac- cinated youngsters of the same ages, living in the same communities. Among the nonvaccinated half million, there might be 350 cases of polio. How many will there be among the vaccinated half million? No cases? A perfect vaccine.

Thirty-five cases? The vaccine would be 90 per cent effective. Very good. Across the nation, children and parents and. doctors and nurses and schoolteachers and health officers are volunteering to take part in this crucial test of the vaccine developed by Dr. Jonas E.

Salk of Pittsburgh. of too second in schoola. Children in the first and third of the same schools will be recorded as the "controls" or comparisons. In other communities, half of the children in the first three grades of the school will be given the vaccine. The other half will Ret identical-looking shots of a fluid which is ineffective.

All the syringes, whether containing real vaccine or useless fluid, will bear only code numbers, which will be placed next to the child's name on records made when he his shot. These children, their parents and doctors, will not know wheth- ir they got the actual vaccine, or he ineffectual fluid. The meaning of the code numbers will be known only to a team of experts who will reports, after the polio season over, of the 'names and what happened to children who did de- elop polio during the summer. This team, headed by Dr. Thomas Francis University of Michigan School of Public Health, will receive complete reports on all to be vaccinated or the test areas who are roadblock broken by tht aue- of Dr.

John F. of Harvard in growing polio virus in test tube cultures of non-nervous tissues. Where to get enough virus? The improved, until now the kidney tissues from a single monkey can be made to produce enough virus to give a series of vaccine shots to 1,000 children. President Launches Poppy Sole WASHINGTON (J) President The President lifted Ruth Ann to Eisenhower handed six year old Ruth Ann Madison a crisp dollar bill yesterday in buying the first Buddy Poppy to launch the Veterans of Foreign Wars annual drive for funds. Local health authorities and the diagnosed as having polio.

National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis are conducting the trial. Up to a million children in 179 communities or areas of 44 states are scheduled so far to get the vaccine. In some communities the vaccine will be offered to all children No. 1 Choice for Easter That team can then give the answer on whether the vaccine really works. Only a few years ago the possibility of a practical vaccine looked far distant.

Then some great discoveries, mostly made in research supported by the March of Dimes, cracked the barriers to making field tests of a promising vaccine. First it had to be learned how many different types of polio virus could cause human paralysis. That answer was learned in brilliant, three-year cooperative research by several great medical institutions. There are three dangerous Brunhilde, Lansing and Leon. This meant an effective vaccine would have to contain all three types of polio virus.

But where to get the virus? This a harvest of live virus. The live virus then is killed by bathing it in formaldehyde. And it was found that polio virus, when it attacks, usually goes from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream and then goes on to strike at nerves. This meant that if a person had antibodies standing guard in his bloodstream, he could defeat the attack. Dr.

Salk showed that a vaccine containing dead virus could produce significant, even large, amounts of antibodies in the blood of vaccinated humans. The stage was all set for the field test. Five pharmaceutical firms are growing the virus and preparing the vaccine. Each batch of vaccine is tested nine times for safety, to make sure all the viruses are dead, and that the vaccine is pure. Triple tests are made individually by the manufacturer, by Dr.

Salk's laboratory, and by the Laboratory of Biologies Control. National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. The National Foundation is footing the bill of at least 1 2 million dollars.

The pharmaceutical firms are making the vaccine for the tests on a nonprofit basis- If the vaccine passes the test, then it could be supplied in large enough amounts for everyone. It would take 40,000 or more monkeys to supply the tissue to grow enough viz-us for vaccinating all the nation's youngsters. But there's reason to believe that each child may need only one series of shots for lifetime protection. The job after that would be only to vaccinate each new crop of babies early in life, much as they now get vaccinated for diphtheria and other diseases. The scourge of poito would be over.

(Tomorrow: Possible pitfalls, oth- rvaccinet, and G. his desk top and gave her a big his lapel. Ruth Ann lives at the VFW's home in Eaton Rapids, Mich. She was accompanied to the White House by the managers of the home, Mr. and Mrs.

Charles Heary, and by the VPW national commander, Wayne E. Richards. In 1548; Copernicus forth with the startling news that the sun was the center of our particular system, and that the apparent WAKNING ORDEB CHANCED COURT. CHICKASAWBA DISTRICT. MISSISSIPPI COUNTS Marie Boyce, Fltf.

Jeff Boyce. Dft. The defendant, Jeff Boyco, is hereby warned to appear within thirty days in the court named in the caption hereof and answer the complaint of the plaintiff, Marie Boyce. Datea this 22nd day of March, 1954. SEAL GERALDINE Clerk.

By OPAL DOYLE, D. C. Claude F. Cooper, Atty- for motion of the stars was due to our Ed B. Cook Atty.

Ad Litem. own rotation on our axis. NOTICE Garbage Fees which havt not paid to July 1st 1954, are due April 1st. No statements will be moiled for this period. These fees are $2.25 for three months and are, by City Ordinance, required to be paid in advance.

No other funds are available to pay the expense of this essential service. Prove yourself a good citizen by paying promptly at the City Clerk's office in the City Hall. THIS IS YOUR CITY LETS KEEP IT CLEAN DIAL 2282 FOR THIS SERVICE. what's your I. You may or may not have a high LQ.

for quiz questions and equations but how do you rate your in Quality? If you're the kind of man who likes to pay a little more for a lot of extra then Hart Schaffner Marx clothes are tailored with you in mind. Look for the Trumpeter label, your guarantee of the finest in fabrics, in tailoring, in styling. From HART SCHAFFNER iMARX.Ht lewisville, Arkansas, Teacher Wins 1,200 Lion Oil Scholarship Almost Didn't Enter Contest Other Arkansas Teachers Win Cash Awards in Zone When Miss Marjorie Walker teacher of senior English and Drench in Lewisville (Ark.) High school, finished writing an essay for t.h* recently concluded Lion larship contest for South- ern teachers, she hesitated about submitting her entry, then decided she might as well enter it essay has just won the first .1 representative of the htfSrf to du As to book, fo' 1 01 6061 $10 was kept mt Her As A Teacher?" sponsi- Tennessee, Mississippi Teachers Are Winners in Zones and Mrs. Fred A. Boettcher, English and Typing teacher at Millington (Term.) Central High School, is giving students of her sophomore class a party because they encouraged her to enter the Lion Oil Scholarship contest for Southern teachers.

She won a $1,200 scholarship, will use it to complete studies for her M. A. degree. MMW Willie Mae Wffliford, teacher of senior English and Spanish at Greenwood (Miss.) High School, carried off a $1,200 scholarship the first time she entered a Lion Oil Scholarship contest for Southern teachers. A teacher for 33 years, Miss Williford will use the scholarship to complete her work toward an M.

A. degree. Why Lion Oil Scholarship Fund Was Established Lfon it an integral part of the South, employing more than 2,700 persons, who receive annually over 116,000,000 in wages and benefits. Lion Oil manufactures more than sixty petroleum products which keep the wheels of Southern industry, transportation and agriculture spinning. Lion's nitrogen fertilizers enrich the soil of Southern help Southern farmers produce more and better The Scholarship Fund Is Lion Oil Company's way of saying, "We believe in the eager to assist its sons and our good neighbors.

We're proud to be 'Home Neighbors' INJOY A NAIF NOW OF AND MN ON "SUNDAY DOWN SOUTH" IVHY SUNDAY P. OVU TNI UOM LION OIL EL POIADO Merit Award Winners- Zone rr A TIACHEl PRINCIPAL Mrs. John A. Holt R. Earl Fonuworth Fart Smith Senior High School Mitt Dorit Hoofmon Van Ellis Walnut High School Dudley Huckabee F.

D. McNuff Hith School Sarah B. Williams J. O. Clark, Supt, County Training School (McGehm) Lura Hudson Browne Lewis N.

Senior High School Mrt. Charles Damall John L. Shoddo School Ma. G. B.

C. F. Downs. SuoL St. Chorl.i Kieh School Morns Mochen H.

T. Zieoler School (UftU lock) MiM Mrs. R. S. KHpdricfc North Ha'ighti School (Tixartona) Mrt.

Carolyn Meytrt R. H. Swat Pwfctle School Mitt Suzanne William? M. K. RuttoJL of the contest were Dr.

Henry H. EHL President; Dr. Susan B. Rfley, Professor of Engfialr and Dr. Nicholas Hobbe, Professor of Educational Psychology, all faculty members of George Pwbody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tena.

Student on "How My Favorite School Can Influence My Future" are now being todimd, and will bo announced COMPANY ARKANSAS.