Bangor Daily Whig and Courier from Bangor, Maine • 2

9RSnSX79igB Mu i II it mr AND COURIER. FROM AUGUSTA Special Desjatto to the Whig conrler. Augusta, Jan. 8, I857 The Republican caucus to-night nominated Alden Jackson, Secy of State. No other nominations were agreed upon.

Fast Sailing. Brig Fannie Butler, 0f Ban gor, sailed from New York on the 6th of Dec last and dropped anchor in Matsnzasthe 12 delivering letters same day, dated New Y0 6th. The merchants there say it is the nuic eat they have ever received letters by from New York. She was off the harbornttT ly twenty four hours with baffling winda. Tbe vessel ha.

made the distance froffl Monhegan to Havana. Dr. Willitts, of Phillis, who 1. tured last evening before the Mercantile Asm. ciation, will, we hope, be induced to return to this city and deliver an Address to young men which in other cities has been received with great favor, and by crowded audiences.

We hope the Commutes of the Young Men. Association will take measures to secure it. F. Every Man his ow.v Lawyer. Tee United States Form Book, published by John G.WelU by AW Bartlett, Bangor, contains a great amount of valuable information for the people, in the shape of forms for all kinds of legal instru-menta, and instructions as to legal proceedings, business transactions a list of property exemptions, a system of book-keeping, tables for use in the counting-room, A young woman who was brought before the Boston Police alleged in defence of her respectability that she was acquainted with all the lawyers New York She was committed for six months.

mostly srisen from an nnder estimate of the number of inmates for the preceding year. Unless that deficiency shall be supplied at an early dav the usefulness of the School will be impeded very much, by Jjhe embarrassment it must necessarily occasion. It is believed that all the affairs of the School have been managed with rigid economy, perhaps with more economy than its best interests, and the interest of the State will justify. A rigid economy, in all the departments of the School, is not only desirsbie, but is demanded. But it may be a want of economy to withhold necessary appropriations, when demanded for public objects.

The attention of the Legislature is invited to early action on this subject. Ins an Hospital. I have not been able to examine, as I have not seen, the report of the Superintendent of tbe Insane Hospital of the State. For information of its condition, and its necessities, I must refer the Legislature to that report. And I commend the Institution to your liberal and generous oare.

It was founded by the State lor a most humane and noble purpose, and is entitUd to receive its support. Ics unfortun-inmates appeal to tbe humanity and benevolence of the Stale, and are entitled to it, from every consideration that should govern an enlightened community. General Education. Intelligence is the sure basis of a free government. A well-informed people is the only security upon which we can rely for the perpetuity of our liberties.

The Common School is one of our most cherished institutions, and marks the wisdom of its founders. There is no duty more important, than in providing, by just and wise laws, for the general advancement of education. In a revision of the laws, onr school syslem, in all its departments, should, as I am sure it will, receive your careful attention. Our schools have always received the fostering care of the Legislature and it cannot be doubted or justly queetiened that ourcommon schools have much improv-d within the past few years. Much more may, however, be accomplished, and they may be more useful and efficient in educating the children ef the Slate.

Wise laws and such means as the Legislature may impart will still advance their usefulness. Schools and institutions uf a higher grade become necessary for instructing those who engage in teaching, and for other and important pursuits. Their importance is aa obvious as that of the common schools, though of a different character. So important have they been regarded, that the constitution of the State requires that the Legislature shall suitably endow them. Tbe whole matter is one of deep interest to tbe welfare of the State, and as such is submitted to your care and attention.

Public Lands. The report of the Land Agent will be submitted to you; and you will learn from it the transactions of the past year, and the condition of the public lands and of all that relates to that department. I have not bad an opportunity to examine the same. The present system of managing our lands, on the whole, so far as I am able to judge, is wise and proper. The best interests of all require that the timber lands should not be put into the market in quantities beyond the actual wants of the community.

It is believed the laws now regulating the sale of the public lands answer all present necessities. If, however, any measure can be devised which shall induce the settlement of the public lands suitable tor agricultural purposes, it will commend itBelf to and should receive your cordial action. We have vast tracts of land of unsurpassed fertility, which, when made productive by ton husbandman, will add much to the wealth and power of the State, If that can be effected by any reasonable system of legislation, it is surely desirable. Banks. It will be seeD, on examination of the law, that the charters of sll the banks in the State will expire on the first day of October, 1857.

The subject of their re-charter will invite your early attention. The system of banking in Maine, as a whole, has proved safe one for the public. No losses to the public have taken place, if is believed, which cannot be traced to a violation of the spirit, or letter, of the law. Such additional safeguards as time and experience shall have proved to be necessary for the safety of the community, should be added. It msy be deemed expedient to designate some1 officer, by law, who shall deliver to ech blank bills, duly countersigned and regia' ered which shall constitute the circulatibr bank; and also to determine by lav 'che amount of bills to be thus delivered The Having resigned the office of Senator from this State in the States Senate, to take effect on the 7th it will become necessary for the (legislature to make an appointment to supply the vacancy thus created.

The duy will also devolve upon you to make aft ppointment of Senator for six years, from feLd after the 4th of March next, when the present term will expire by constitutional limitation. Closing Remark. It will become my duty, and I shall with great pleasure co-operate with the Legislature in all measures to secure and advance the pros-perity of the State. If any facts shall come to my knowledge, demanding your consideration, the same will be duly and promptly two blades of grass grow where one grew before is a public benefactor. The agriculture of every state, one of the most important and necessary branches of industry.

No a tats can be prosperous without it. It Is as old aa man, and we must depend upon it for most of the necessaries of life. That policy which therefore, shall, in the greatest degree develope the resources and capabilities of the soil, and which shall teach the best method of producing the greatest crop at the least expense, Is surely worthy the attention of every state. There can be no donbt that we have a soil capable of psodneing, not only all the substantial articles opnsumed by the people of the state, but of sustaining a population much greater than we now have. Sound economy demands that vs should produce more, and purchase less, as we may easily do.

The Art of husbandry ought, as it may, to be reduced to a science All may not be accomplished at once, but may we not make a commencement in what shall produce, in the end, that result The state has done something for the purpose of increasing its productions, and developing its agricultural resources. It has given a direct bounty to stimulate the production of certain crops. As a system, however, this, though seeming partially to accomplish its purpose, was found objectionable, and was abandoned. Agricultural Societies have been formed for the same object, and it is confidently believed with far greater success, even if they have failed to accomplish all that is desirable. Sums of money are granted to these societies, which are awarded to those who produce the largest crops.raise the best stock, and manufacture toe most finished articles.

All this has its good effect, and, nnder that provision of the law of last year which requires an account 'of the mode of culture, and to some extent the kind of soil on which the crop is produced, we may fairly suppose will be productive of much practical good. An improved state ol agriculture may be seen in other countries resulting from similar associations. Each learns from the experience and practice of toe other, and each is also stimuled to excel the other. A State Board of Agrrculture has also been created by the Legislature, to promote that science. It is composed of one member from each county in the state, and a Secretary chosen by the duties under the laws are prescribed oy.the Board.

The duties of the Secretary are responsible and arduous, as will be seen on examination. If his duties are faithfully and efficiently discharged, they must result in much good. His first annual report will be submitted to you for your consideration. From an examination of it, I am led to believe it will be most useful to the agricultural interest of the state, for toe valuable information it contains. There are now existing institutions under toe care of the State and it is hardly necessary to enlarge on their importance.

While, however, they remain, I would suggest the propriety of having the Board consist of one member from each society, instead of one from each county, as is now the case. I would also recommend that the selectmen of towns, aldermen of cities, and assessors of plantations be required to make an annual return to toe Board of Agriculture, of all agricultural products of each city, town and plantation. Such statistics would soon furnish us a correct account of our productions, and as continued from year to year would show the progress made. The compensation of toe Secretary seems entirely inadequate for his ser-vices, after deducting his necessary expenses. But does not the true and best policy of the S.ate require that we should go one step further I Knowledge is the only sound- basis of all pursuits.

Practice I know is indispensable, but a knowledge of that which lies at the foundation is necessary to guide and direct practice. Agricultural chemistry is the foundation of enlightened agriculture. A knowledge of what composes the soil of what it contains of what it is deficient, what should be added, or subtracted, to make it productive, and what are the plants or roots besj adapted to each, is most obviously necessary, to an improved and enlightened cultivation. The relation between agriculture and chemistry is truly important, and when that relation shall be fully understood and applied, agriculture will really become a science, and production will, it is believed, be so much that our present crops will be regarded almost insignificant. I have not the time, nor is this the occasion, to go into details of experiment; which test tbe truth of what I have said.

We all understand the high necessity of the knowledge to which I have alluded. Ttie question for us is, shall we make an attempt to acquire information so necessary to advance the best interests of the State I To me it would seem most wise. Next te a knowledge of our own language, I would hold in importance a knowledge of the soil we cultiyate. All are interested, and more, are employed in that pursuit than in any other, if not more than all others. How necessary, then, is a full knowledge and understanding of it, to advance the prosperity of the State.

It is confidently believed that a wise system which shall develope our agricultural resources will tend to check the great emigration of our citizens to other sections. It is highly desirable that such an object should be accomplished, and I have full confidence that much can be done to effect it. I would therefore recommend for the consideration of the Legislature that some provision be made by law for teaching agricultural chemistry in our schools, and for analysing soils at some place in each county or to endow some of the existing Literary Institutions in the State, at which agricultural chemistry, and the analysis of soils, shall be taught. Oua Military System, It can hardly be denied that some of the past legislation of the State has tended to lessen the efficiency, if not to bring into disrepute, one of our institutions created by the Constitution of the United States, and adopted by our own Saste. Its importance has been conclusively demonstrated in the history of the past.

The prevalence of any sentiment, in the community has a tendency to lessen our regard and respect for an efficient military system, must necessarily occasion the advancement of a policy which will lead to an increase of the standing army of the United States. Snch a result was feared by the fathers of toe Republic, and is to be deprecated by -aj true friends of Constitutional liberty. The Constitution of the United States that a well regulated Militia is Reesary to te security of a free State, and Congress to provide I for organmng, aruH and disciplin-mg, the Militia of States, reserving to the States the appow of 0fficer8 an training the troops according to the discipline iteaonbed by tngreM- qhe Constitution of uaine provves that no person of the age of eigteen v-earg( and under toe age of forty-five years (ez0.pting certain specified classes) shall be ex-pt from military duty, unless he shall pay an equivalent to be fixed by law. It will be within your province to inquire whether our present mili. tia laws are in conformity with these constitutional requirements, and to provide by Legislative enactment, for any important defects that shall be found to exist.

It cannot be doubted that sufficient numbers of our citizens, can at all times be relied upon, whose zeal and patriotism will induce them to engage in voluntry military organizations suitable for present, and which shall form a sufficient nucleus for all prospective purposes. They should understand that they may confidently rely upon all proper aid, and be protected in the enjoyment of thvir rights. The small amount which would be found sufficient to lighten the military labors of our citizen soldiers would bear no comparison to what we should be obliged, as a State, to contribute for the support of a standing army. The entire abolition of toe Militia would tend to that result. It is presumed that such a system or be transferred by assignment, and thus become the property of a single individual, while the charter requires an organized administration consisting of several offioers.

What ma-y be the rights of the respective parties irj such a case under existing laws, is at least very doubtful. While no evils are known to have resulted Jropu such a state of things, they may be easily forseen, and against which it is prudent the Legislature should guard as far as practicable. The Tbmfbranob Question. The evils of intemperance are seen and acknowledged by all; even by its unfortunate victims. The crime, pauperism, and consequent misery produced by it, present a melancholy speotaole.

Its prevention is earnestly desired by aU right thinking men, but, unfortunately, upon the best method of suppressing or. preventing it there is a difference ofopinion in our community. Laws for the suppression of drinking housos and tip'pling shops have been passed, designed to prohibit the sale of intoxicating drinks, except for mechanical and medicinal purposes. These laws have been repealed, and another enacted instead.licensing and permitting the sale of intoxicating liquors for all purposes, under the limitations and penalties therein contained. This law was passed under the alledged belief that it would better promote and secure the cause of temperance, than one of a prohibitory character.

This is the state of the question as it is now presented. What should be done? What is wisest and best? The public mind has been much and deeply agitated upon the matter, and it would seem to be most wise under existing cercumstances, not to disturb the present law until the whole subject can be more dispassionately discussed and determined. Such undoubtedly, is the desire and expectation of the people of tbe State; such the implied, if not the actual pledge given in our recent election. Political bodies, like individuals, should always main tain good faith and good faith requires that the question should not be disturbed during the present session. It is far better to wait patiently until all angry feeling shall have subsided, and when the whole subject can be more appropriately acted on.

Then let a well matured and carefully prepared bill be submitted directly to she people, for their approval or rejection, at meetings held expressly for that purpose. The question would then be wrested from the vortex of party politics, connected with which any such measure must always, inevitably, be exposed to a constantly recurring opposition, and fail to secure that general acquiescence which alone can give it permanence. Under a government like ours, no law can stand tbe lest of time which does not meet ihesuppoit of a deliberate and enlightened pnblic judgment. No judicious friend of either a license or prohibitory system can desire to see either become a law, again to be repealed. Tnat law, and that only, which shall receive the approbation of the community, by and for which it is enacted, can be permanent and useful.

Thb JumciAUY Judge Daviss Removal. An independent Judiciary Js of the utmost impoitance. A destruction of that independence is one step towards its corruption. Independent, hor.est, and able, it is one of the strongest ramparts of defence for the liberty of this country, and the protection of its citizens. So far as may be possible, those who exercise the power should be removed from all influence of fear or hope, upon its Judicial action.

It exercises its power over life, liberty, and property, and therefore interests all in the highest degree. That it should not depend, for the exercise of its power, on the fluctuation, caprice or whim of party success, is most obvious. A Judiciary thus dependent would soon lose all respect of the community, if it did not become corrupt. At the last session of tbs Legislature, one of the justices oi the Supreme Judicial Court was arbitrarily, it not unconstitutionally, removed by Bddress. In the opinion of many of the best legal minds of the State the act was entirely unconstitutional.

Whether so or not, it was at least confessedly predicated upon an error of judgment, honestly exercis.d in the discharge of official duty, upon a matter of indisputable jurisdiction. Such error, if error it was, involved no want of adequate judicial ability, or integrity of purpose. If for such cause a judicial officer may be removed, in the malice ormadness ot party organisation, where is the independence of the judiciary, and what canit become but the mere instrument of party! Does our constitution in truth contemplate a right of removal by address in such a case would suggest the propriety of ascertaining definitely, ho far the po wer of the Legislature under Art. IX. Sec.

6 ot the Constitution, extends. If it shall be determined, that a judicial officer can be removed, in the mode there pointed out, for any opiniqn which may seem to the Legislature erroneous, without other cause, then I would recommend snch an amendment of the Constitution as will meet the necessity of the case. Clearly, if such power does exist, it may prostrate the Judicial at tbe feet of the Legislative and Executive branches of the government. The bad example set by one Legislature may be followed by another. Such a power in my judgment, cannot co-exist with an independent judiciary.

At least, let the matter, if necessary, be submitted to the tribunal of the people, whose whole interests are so intimately and directly involved. It may also become the duty of the Legislature to ascertain whether the public exigenc'e8 require the aid of additional justices to dis'lare the duties that devolve upon the Supreme" Juffi-cial Court. The Revision on thj Statutbs. In a State like ours, where the industrial pursuits are so vaned, with a large population upon the frontier still progressing into, and subduing the forests, there is undoubtedly a greater necessity for legislation, than in a community where its industry has become settled and syste mixed. But still, one of the evils under which we suffer is excessive and useless legislation.

Continual changes in our laws are productive of evil. Legislation, as far as practicable, should be general, and designed to produce system and order. Our people soon adapt themselves to laws so framed. Frequent amendments leave us in doubt as to what the law is. He who shall devote himself to belong to each is our constitutional duty.

A prompt demand of the rights that belong to us, and a fearless assertion of that is also equally our duty. bile Maine, as one of the States of the Union, should, at all times remain loyal to the Constitution and the Union, and be ready to maintain all the rights secured to them to all the other while her citizens should manifest a fraternal regard for the citizens of eaoh of the States, she should also be true to that freedom and those principles which the Constitution was formed to preserve and perpetuate. This is the object whioh has so cordial ly united our people, to an extent before unknown, but upon a principle on which they have always had a uniformity of opin ion. To accomplish so great and desirable a good, and of such vital importance, prudence will dictate that our counsels shall not be distributed by matters of less moment. The great question which underlies all others should be kept steadily in view by all, and success will be the sure and final reward.

What we purpose is neither sectional or fanatical, has the greatest good of the whole country for its basis, is accordance with the practice of the Government for more than sixty years, and is worthy of the patriotic efforts of all. The time now is, and will continue, when all who agree in the great importance of restoring the country to what was under Washington and Jefferson.must cordially unite in undivided ranks for that purpose. What will ne the line of policy adopted by the incoming administration of the general government, and how far it will be affected, under the circumstances which surround it, by the recent demonstration of public opinion in the free States, are questions to be solved in the future. To that future also must its own exigencies be left, and what those exigen cies may demand. You cannot, however, have failed to notice a somewhat ominous foreshadowing in the claim of constitution al doctrine recently put forth, viz: That as the institution of Slavery is, by virtue of certain constitutional provisions, made an element of political power, it is therefore entitled to an expansion and increase, outside of the States where it exists.

Whether the incoming Administration will adopt and sanction a doctrine so utterly untenable, as a part of its policy, remains to be seen. Our duty is plain, in any event. It is to maintain the rights of Freedom, by opposing, in every legal mode, the extensionf ot Slavery over the territory of tbe United States, and by persever in that effort, firmly and consistently to tbe end. Our Kansas The state of affairs which has existed in the Territory of Kansas, growing out of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise line of 1820, furnishes only a true exhibition of what results from attempts te establish and extend Slavery. It presents a deplorable spectacle, and one which makes what is called a free government a miserable mockery.

The free navigation of a great public river bas been impeded, or pevented. A Legislature has been elected by armed mobs from a adjoining State. The rights guarantied by the Constitution to the citizens of each State have been disregarded. Laws have been passed by a Legislature thus fraudulently elected, which are unequalled in tbeir attrocity in any civilized country in the world, which virtually deny tbe right of trial by jury, abolish the freedom of the press and of speech, and which do not allow a citizen to participate in. the Government without first taking an oath repugnant to and in in violation of the Constitution.

All these wrongs have been sustained by the Government, and a Judiciary in the the territory which has added to the oppression otherwise existing. Honest citizens have been murdered, and dwellings burned, and the laborer interrupted in, or driven from his pursuits, instead of receiving that protection in his rights and person to which he was justly as well as constitutionally entitled. From this sad state of things produced, it would seem to be the duty of, our State to furnish the the citizens of Maine, who have gone into that territory, with such aid and assistance as may be in its power. When the Government of the United States shall become remiss in, or shall neglect its plain duty, it becomes the State to act. There can be no doubt that) there is actual and severe suffering in that territory by those who have been prevented from pursuing their ordinary industrial avocations.

1 therefore suggest, should the existing state of things continue in that territory, by the remissness or neglect of the General Government, a liberal appropriation for the relief. in, food and clothing, of the citizens of in the territory of Kansas, under such limitations as you may deem necessary, it is due as an act of humanity, and if the Government of the United States shall fail in its duty to them, and has neglected its plain constitutional obligations, they should know and feel that they are still cared for in the State from which they went to establish new homes, and extend liberty and civilization in the West. The State Finances. I have been unable to examine the Report of the Treasurer of Stato. It will be submitted to the Legislature, and will exhibit the Finances of the State, as I learn from the Treasurer, in a very prosperous condition.

The whole amount of the funded debt of the State. Dec. 31, 1856, was $699,000 of that sum, thirty thousand dollars will become due March 1. 1857, which will be paid at that time, and the current expenses of the year will be discharged, without resorting to other means than the usual State tax imposed by the Legislature. No Legislature will be required to provide for the payment of that sum.

The receipts and disbursements for the year ending Deo. 31, 1856, have been as follows Receipts, Balance from year 1855, $39,130,37 From all other souces 593,312,04 ment of the Territories, the following clause, vis: That after the year: I89O of the Christian era, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of said States, otherwise than in punishment of crimes whereof the parties shall have, been oonvicted to have been personally guilty. This provision applied to all the territory belonging to the United States at that time, and out of which the States referred to were to be formed. That provision failed to become a law, for the want of a single vote, and by the absenoo of a single member. In 1787 an ordinance for the government of the territories was adopted, and in that was included an article forever excluding slavery from all the territories of the United States, with the addition that persons held to service in any State, under the laws thereof, and escaping into the territories, should be delivered up the same provision having been incorporated info the Constitution by the convention then in session In 1789, after the adoption of the Con stitution by the States, the question necessarily arose whether that did not abrogate or annul the ordinance of 87.

To remove all doubt, or to make all certain. Congress, at its first session under the Constitution, in 1789, affirmed and made valid that ordinance, and the law was approved by George Washington. Such, briefly, is the early history of this government and it proves beyond all doubt that the men of that day designed and expected that the extension of Slavery should be prevented by the Government. Such is just what is now proposed to follow the lights of their counsel, and by excluding Slavery from the territories of the United States, make them the homes of free men. Such are the prominent acts of the men who laid the foundations of our Government, and who may be justly supposed to know what they intended.

Could any doubt exist, as there cannot, an examination of the debates and the history of the times render it more certain and clear as to what were their purposes. The opinions of that day were concurredln by the prom nent men of the South. They; were efo quent in depicting the wrongs and injuries which Slavery inflicted upon both the colored and the white man. The safl evils connected with it, in all their relations, were portrayed by them in vivid colors. They saw, felt, and acknowledged its with ering effect.

But now all this is changed In the Southern States it has been boldly and fearlessly avowed that they must have the right to people the territories with their Slaves, who are mado such, (in the language of the Constitution, referring to the States where Slavery existed,) under the laws thereof," thus seeking to control and regulate the territories by virtue of State laws. It has also been asserted that Slavery is right that it is the normal condition of the laboring man, and not confined to race or color. Principles and objects like these strike at the very foundation of Government. To preserve that government, and to have it administered as designed by our fathers, should ever remain the purpose of all who cherish our free institutions. In 1820, when Missouri, as a jjart of the Louisiana purchase, sought admission as a State info the Union, and just preceding that time, the question of restricting slave ry in the territories, again arose, and agi tated the country.

After much controversy a proposition was submitted and sup ported almost unanimously by the South, and approved by President Monroe and his cabinet, prohibiting slavery in all the territory North of the parallel of 36 deg. 30 north latitude, but south of that line leaving it unprohibited by law. The proposition was at the time resisted by the North, for the reason that it did not exclude slavery from all the territory. As a compromise it was however adopted, and good faith required that it should not be disturbed, or violated. It so remained for more than a third of century: and after all of the territory south of that line had been admitted as slave States info the Union, except a small partion reserved as Indian possessions, then, in utter violation of good faith, and at a time when quiet and peace had been restored to the country, it was ruthlessly violated ancl repealed.

From that repeal has arisen the angry discussions in the country. The object of the repeal, as frankly admitted and affirmed by sofne, and as could well be seen by all, was solely to extend slavery. The acts of men are matters of just criticism, and we have a right to suppose and believe that men intend what is the fair and necessary result of their acts. If such were not the object, the repeal was useless. The fact that slavery was prohibited that it has since been foreed into the territory that disgraceful and odious laws, repugnant to humanity and the age in which we live, have been enacted in Kansas by a legislature elected by persons who invaded the territory from a neighboring State and all the scenes of anarchy and bloodshed which have there transpired with the complicity, if not the direct aid, of the general government, it would seem, can lave no room for doubt or controversy as to the object intended to be accomplished.

Those who did that act are jastly chargeable with all the discussion and excitement with which the public mind has been agitated an agitation which cannot and will not cease until Slavery is confined to the States where it belongs. Despotism is always aggressive, but freemen cannot submit to the aggressions of slavery, and will not be excluded from our territories. Quietly to submit to its despotic aggression, and its supremacy, would make slaves of our posterity, while we should deserve no better fate ourselves. With Slavery in the States we have nothing to do. For its extension or continuance there we are not responsible.

It there depends upon the State laws. But outside of the States, and in the territories belonging to the United States and subject to their jurisdiction, and of which States we constitute a part, we have both an interest and responsibility. An interest to preserve them for the homes of free men, from the blight and mildew of Slavery, where men may be advanced so cially, morally and intellectually in the scale of human existence. Responsible, because if such an evil is there allowed to spread and exist, it must be by the aid or acquiesenoe of the General Gov-ernernment, of which we are a part. I can see no difference, morally, between doing a wrong directly, and in allowing it to be done when we have the power, ana it is our duty te event it.

There can be no distinction. 'We are alike responsible' in k. A f.161111 oquieeenoe by all -the States in the exerou of all the rights (hit AtJIjijg curt (louricr. Wheel A Cynde, JAN. 9 1856.

the circulation, the WHIG AND COURI A-lrt ri B. Then that of any otherDaUy in Maine, Eas Daily established 1834 Weekly 1816. Terms of Advertising. Vorone square, 3 times 26 For each weeks continuance For half square 3 times, For each weeks contmnanrc, For one square in weekly, 3 times, 1,36 For each weeks continuance of Progress at Augusta. The Republicans appear to be driving busi ness at Augusta with commendable diligence.

The Legislature was completely organized on Wednesday forenoon, (the first day of the session.) and committees appointed to examine the Gubernatorial and Senatorial votes, and on Thursday the reports were made Governor Hamlin inaugurated and the Address delivered. This is despatching the business of organization very rapidly even making allowance for a full Senate board. The Governor has not, to our recollection, been inaugurated before Friday, in previous years. We present the Address of Governor Hamlin in this mornings paper.from advance copies of the Tri-weekly Journal, which we obtained at 9 oclock last evening. The headings in the Address we have placed there for the convem ience of the reader.

We have no space for comment further than to say that the doc ument is such an one as will undoubtedly meet the views and receive the approbation of the people. We do not expect the politicians of the opposition to be satisfied with much that is said, written or done by a Republican Executive. Thursday, January 8, In convention of both branches of the Legislature this day, Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, Governor elect, took and subscribed the oaths of office and then delivered to the Convention the following Inaugural Address. Gentlemen of the Senate, and Bouse of Representatives You have assembled to discharge the Legislative duties, devolved upon you by the people of the State.

It becomes my duty, under the provisions of the Constitution, to communicate to you such information as I may possess, upon the condition of the State, and to recommend such measures for your consideration as I may deem expedient. With a just reliance upon Divine Providence to sustain and direct us all in our deliberations with a sincere desire to maintain and advance the best interests of our State, and to act in unison with the prosperity and harmony of our whole country with thankful hearts that the husbandman has been rewarded for his toil, by an abundant harvest that peace and health have prevailed within our borders, and that the industrial pursuits of the State are in a prosperous condition let us enter upon the duties severally committed to our charge. National Topics The Slavery Question, Whatever relates to the whole country, interests and effects the people of Maine, as they constitute a part The country has just emerged from an important and exciting Presidential election more important perhaps than any which has preceded it. In the issues involved in that contest, Maine, as one of the States of the Union, had, in common with ail the others, a deep and direct interest. general result was different from what was desired and hoped by a large majority of the people of the State.and from what was believed to be tor the welfare of the whole country, and what they earnestly sought to accomplish.

Still, it furnishes the highest hope for the future, and foretells, with unerring certainty, the ultimate triumph of that great principle for which we have struggled. Ten other States have concurred with Maine in the effort to restore the government of the United States to what its wise and patriotic founders designed and intended it should be. New England stood in the contest substantially where she was in the struggle of the Revolution. That was an effart to establish a free government, and she was pre-eminent in her sacrifices and devotion to accomplish that object, as she is now to preserve and and perpetuate what was then accomplished. The true question involved in the late election was aubstantially, whether the advancement of human freedom should continue to be a fundamental principle and a pre-eminent object of our National Government, within the line marked out by the Constitution, or whether its powers should be perverted to the extension of slavery.

This it was that underlaid all other issues, however others may have mingled with it, or whatever may be the results that shall come out of it. It was an effort on oneside to make the government of the United States, either by its direct acts, or its acquiescence, or its complicity, aid in spreading the evils of slavery over the territories where it did not exist, but from which it had been excluded by positive law. The history of the government shows conclusively, that the wise and good men institutod and laid its foundation, and those who framed our Constitution, designed and expected that it should be one of Freedom, and not of Slavery. It was upon this idea that the Revolutionary 'War was successfully prosecuted, and the Constitution adopted. Slavery, it is true, existea in most of the States, as it had been forced upon the colonies by Great Britain against their earnest! and eloquent remonstrances.

The tact was set forth in the original draft of the Declaration of Independence, as one of the causes of the Revolution, when it came from the hand and pen of Jefferson. After our independence had been fully achieved, the institution was regarded as one of temporary character, and is not even named in the Constitution. The acts of the i men of that day show the sincerity of intention. They did not desire to found a government upon moral, social and political, wrong. The history of all thepast warned them it could not be done.

Their recorded acts prove indisputably what they did mean. Before the Constitution was framed or adopted, and in a Congress act ing under the articles of confederation, Mr. Jefferson reported, in a bill for the govern a During the last twenty-five years 6,773 meu have been executed in Italy for political offences. Of this number 1,712 suffered in the two Sicilies. Austria has been most brutal, for in Lombardy the executed exceed 4,300.

Sentence of a Counterfeiter. Wm.Blais-dell, alias Charles E. Harding, indicted on eight charges of altering eight counterfeit bills of the Elm City Bank, New Haven, was lately sentenced at Hanford to sixteen years in the State Prison. The Ocean Bank, Newburyport, has paid 120 per cent, dividends on its capital, in the last ten years, and now the stock stands at 130 percent, in the market, with a multitude to purchase and none to sell. After a long and minute examination of the body of Warden Tenny, five doctors concluded that his death was caused solely by the wounds in his neck.

The Hon. Stephen A. Slsllory has been reelected a Senator of the United States from the State of Florida lor six years from the 4th of March next. ifra-First Exhibition of the Panorama of Mont Blanc st Norombega Hall this evening. advertisement.

Vesuvius is suffering from a severe 1 ocal eruption. Commercial Prospects. The Nevr York Courier and Enquirer thus conclude, its Commercial Review of the past year. The commercial relations of the country give oause for cop-gratulation. Tbe important staples of the West find a ready market at remunerative prices.

The West is teeming with Railr.ads, every mile of which add to the and wealth of the States. The manufacturing interests of toe East are prosperous, and a liberal exchange of products between the East and the West, the North and the South, contributes to the prosperity of tbe whole. We anticipate'for the year 1857, a more successful year than that of 1856. The disturbance of money affairs abroad, during the past year, has compelled our people to rely upon our own domestic resources for capital. It is not probable that American securities will be sought for in Europe to the exteot known in former years.

It is fortunate that the change has occurred. The past facility 'ot borrowing money has led to unreasonable spw-ulation. More railroads have been commenced than could be sustained. A check upon them has now occurred, and capitalists will or future embark only in those enterprises are obviously called for. 1 The Loss of the Brio L.

Copeland. The following report is from the Boston Adver- tiser Capt. Straton and crew, late of bng X-Copeland, of Boston, lost at sea on the pa sage to BucksviUe S. passed ihroughtheci Friday last, on their way home to HancocI, Me. Capt.

S. reports that he sni'ed from Bos ton on Sunday Dec. 21, Bndd-E yyw. South Channel 22d, wuh wind to -On the night of 22d, while eoud 0 mendou. gale from NSW.

in 1st 38 22. louD 09. under a close reefed was boafo ed by a heavy sea over the stem, which the wheel to pieces, carried way and main sail, washed overboar ad compasses, washed away the one man who were at toe wheel, TeMei washed overboard, but regained again, the master oaught the lee throws The brig broached to. and wasPrtllJ topslJ on her beem ends, blowing a new (bent the day she lett Boston) enUreiy pieces. Finding it impossible to ngh WJ1 spl and get her before the wind sniich Csr-obliged to cut awy the nd tied with it the maintopmast, pbooo everything attached, when sherightea.

left without a yard of canvass, and 1 except mainmast and bowsprit, 26th; sod was taken off by sch Alb took them to New York. When left tight, and her hull but little injured Copeland was 164 tons, 6 years Brewer good vessel, having I put in thorough order, and valued at There was no insurance on her. Hon. Elbridge Gerry, of this city, tsa appointed Commissioner on the prt ot State of Maine, for the Boston and 41 Railroad, by the Governor of this State. gus.

A bill for the division of Minnesota into 1 tw Territories, hss been perfected and will ly be offered. It is proposed to allow the era part to form a State Government, make a Territory of the Western part the name of Dacotah. Tbs Buffalo Abortion Cass. In of Dr. Bigler, toe Coroners Jury have ren ed a verdict ot willfal murder, the pen" which ia this ea ae imprisonment for me.

Supreme Judicial Court- Hatheway J. The officers in attendance are, Cbablbs D. Gilmore, Sheriff. David E. Costellow, Crier.

George P. Brown Rufus H. Gilmore. Thursday. On motion of John A.

Peters, Wm. D. Washburn, of this city) was admitted to practice as a Counselor in al, te Courts of this State. 1 e- The New Sugar Cane. Messrs.

John P. Jewett Boston, have published a neat pamphlet of 106 pages, giving a full history of the Chinese Sugar Cane, tbe mode of its culture, the manner of manufacturing the sugar, with reports from different portions of the United States as regards the success of the culture. The author is James F. C. Hyde, of Newton, a well known agriculturist, and nur sury man.

Tbe price is 25 cents. Longevity. During the year just expired, there have died in this country one hundred men and the same number of women, who were reapeotively 100 years of age or upwards. A slave woman of Virginia attained 127 years and died. Another in Louisiana 124 and a third 120.

A lady pasaanger on the Erie Railroad laat week, at the end of the route found her carpet-bag whioh had been placed in the rack over her seat and not far from one of tbe ventilators in toe Up of toe oar, reduced to cinders; The eoBdaetoT. fieditfg toafr the damage been occasioned by spark, recompensed her It will bq noticed that tbers forjthe loa Vf; Of the 2ff members of the Hartford Cot- now livin.5!1 will impose upon the soldier of his time, and the cost of corps. The whole subject is importance, and is commendce to Reform School. School was, it is believed, and promises to results that were anticipated. be the means of of diseiptine and education, who beoeme its inmates, end make, them useful Its true value cannot It is wise even in an without regard to tbe more of.

it. in a moral tense. It to the fostering care the Trustees and the a very satisfactory of the School, its importance. These reports will 91, for, your examination, 'you With Information'of toe It will be noticed that there cnrYeot expenses for the 81, ,46677 ofrfiv thouaand cl may be enacted as nly a. contribution the uniform of his one of great your careful consideration.

State The State Reform most wisely instituted, accomplish all the good It will, undoubtedly, reclaiming, by its system many of the youths from habits of vice, members of society. well be over estimated. economical view, important aspect is cordially commended of the Legislature. The reports of Superintendent 'present fl the condition man-agemetot, and be submitted to sad will furnish School in detail. is a deficiency Intba Mamh tit vifc 96 O-b-5 prevent unnecessary changes, and useless laws, will acquire the reputation of a conservative and wise legislator.

These frequent changes have led to the necessity of a revision of our statutes, made under the provisions of the Resolves of March 12, 1866. and April 1, 1866. The code will be submitted to you for your action. Bach ordinary legislation as shall be necessary at this session may form a part of the revised It is, I think, fairly to be iresomed, that the principal objeot of toe legis-ation referred to was to condense existing laws, on toe same subject, into one, with snch altera-tiona and amendments as the Commissioners shall recommend, and be approved by the Legislature. The enacting of this code will be an Important labor for you to discharge.

When a statute hss received a judicial construction, it would seem most wise to retain its language, as far as possible, so as not to render it necessary again to submit it to the judiciary for adjudication. The revision ol the laws will necessarily be a labor which will require a longer session ot toe Legislature than would be otherwise necessary. Still, With that gree of industry whleh will be given to its consideration, and with a wise effort to prevent useless amendments, it is sincerely hoped. War labors Easy not be ea extended, and that an example may be set of more limited sessions bf the Legislature: 1 PT: rjji xmc lU'ff I bas tows fetdatimrbjthai he whomakas 'list! laommsll 71 hoa Total Disbursements, 486,165,00 Balance in the Treasury, $146,277,41 A detailed aooonnt of the receipts and expenditures, will be presented4in the report of the Treasurer. Corporations.

The amount of oapital invested in the State under Corporate Charters, and espeo-sally for the construction of railroads, is of a magnitude to call for specific and certain laws, shall protect not only the rights of the corporation, the pubRo and individuals, Bodies of this corporate character may become i embarrassed and majr ferried onby. i.