The News and Observer from Raleigh, North Carolina • 4

4 THE NEWS AND OBSERVER, RALEIGH, N. MONDAY MORNING. FEBRUARY 4. 1946. The News and Observer OLD RELIABLE" Published Every Day in The Year By THE NEWS AND OBSERVER PUBLISHING COMPANY Josephus Daniels, President COED TRADES UNION COUNCIL RALEIGH Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press exclusively 15 entitled to the use for publication of all the news dispatenes credited to it or not otherwise in this paper and also the local news published herein.

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el Los Angeles, Seattle Louis. Dallas. Kansas City Detroit. Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, North Carolina, as Second Class Matter. Today's Bible Thought These things I command you, that ye love one 15:17.

Morning Tonic (Andrew Jackson) Distinctions in society will always exist under every just government. Equality of talents, of education or of wealth cannot be produced by human institutions. In the full enjoyment of the gifts of heaven and the fruits of superior industry, economy and virtue, every man is equally entitled to protection by law; but when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages artificial distinctions to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society--the farmers, mechanics and laborers-who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustice of their government. Farm Ownership In his inaugural address in 1917, Governor Bickett placed farm ownership first on the agenda of what he wished to see accomplished, saying words that should today be recalled and to inspire this conviction: The first and dearest work of this administration will be a supreme effort to translate the tenants of the State into landlords. Here and now, in the presence of God, and these witnesses, I con, secrate myself and all the power and prestige of my office, to this endeavor.

I shall not rest nor permit the State to rest until every honest, industrious, and frugal man who tills the soil has a decent chance to own it. I am driven to this undertaking by the tyrrany of: a conviction that such a work is essential, not alone to the wholesome development. but to the enduring safety of the State. That wizard of the Northwest, James J. Hill once said: "Land without population is a wilderness; population without land is a mob." Today 84 per cent of the people of Mexico are without land, and riots and revolutions result as the sparks fly upward.

There can be no government for the many while the lands belong to the few, for the history of the world teaches that the men who own the land will ruin it. He followed that eloquent and statesmanlike utterance with proposals to effectuate the reform beginning with the exemption from taxation of loans for the purchase of a home, and a regeneration of the soil; it "must be born again." As a beginning he declared that a model acre should be cultivated at every rural school. Twenty and eight years have passed since that sagacious policy was enunciated. Wars, the aftermath of war and lack of vision prevented the fulfillment of Bickett's dream. Early in the Roosevelt administration steps were taken and money provided for making land owners out of tenants.

In the main it worked well, but the need is so great that only a beginning has been made. A Just Grievance Marquis Childs points out that one of the injustices that rankle in the heart of men in the enlisted force is that officers are given terminal leaves, which are not given to men in the ranks. He says: Officers in both the Army and Navy are entitled to terminal leave. Depending on the amount of leave they have accumulated--four months is the maximum-they can take time, on full pay with allowances, to look around for a job and begin the process of readjustment to civilian life. Enlisted men in the two services do not have the same privilege.

They must go to a separation center and there wait out the process of final discharge. As Dr. Howard A. Rusk pointed out in a recent article in The New York Times, this gives the officer a great advantage over the enlisted man. It tends to make the process of adjustment much easier for the officer, says Dr.

Rusk, who, as a colonel in the Army Air Forces, worked out the Air Forces' splendid rehabilitation program. Today the combat enlisted man goes directly to a separation center. He is discharged as rapidly as possible and, when he gets his final discharge papers, he is out of the Army. This means that cannot avail himself of Army medical facilities. The officer, in contrast, in his months of terminal leave, can go into an Army or Navy hospital instead of havins to take his chances in a crowded veterans' hospital.

It has been suggested that the control of the naval oil reserves be taken from the Navy and placed under the Interior Department. That was attempted in the Wilson administration, but Wilson put his foot down against it. But he had hardly moved to Street when Harding transferred the oil to the Interior Department and shortly after, for a bribe of $100,000, Secretary Fall turned it over to Doheny for exploitation. Fortunately, Senator Tom Walsh exposed the crookedness, the result of which was that Secretary Fall was sent to the penitentiary. To be sure the country trusts Secretary Ickes and it trusted Secretary Lane who was honest but favored taking the oil reserves out of the ground as did most Californians of both parties.

Oil was called ammunition in World War II. In World War I Lord Curzon said: "The Allies sailed to victory on a sea of oil." You cannot sail a ship of the sea or air or move tanks or jeeps without oil. The big oil companies made big money out of war and most of the international troubles---as in Iran--affect us all nations have avid eyes on oil. Uncle Sam ought to hold on to all the oil he owns. Attempts were defeated to draw the reserves in World War I and partially defeated in World War II.

The government's policy calls for vigilance to protect its reserves. The slickest and most ingenious interests in America are the oil barons. They did not lose their desire for monopoly in this essential when the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company, found guilty of violating the anti-trust law. Vigilance and opposition to a return to monopolistic control of oil is the need of the day. War witnessed some letdowns which were said to be necessary.

There are Dohenys today who have avid eyes on all oil deposits and will use every power to get possession of oil in all parts of the world. This is particularly true in America, Britain, and Russia. Greed for oil is the lion in the path of full agreements by the nations. Discussing the friction in the Middle East on oil, Marquis Childs says: A recent report by L. E.

Degolyer, the American who is regarded as the bestinformed authority in the world on oil resources, has stirred wide interest among oil men. Degolyer was asked to make an independent survey of the oil wealth of Saudi Arabia. He is said to have reported that the oil beneath the great empty desert that is Saudi Arabia is greater in extent than all the oil deposits discovered thus far in both North and South America. With the development of atomic power for commercial uses still in the distant future, this oil represents unlimited wealth and power. Standard Oil of California and the Texas Company have the sole right to develop this wealth.

This lends special interest to certain maneuvers here in Washington. Edwin W. Pauley, an oil man, has been nominated Undersecretary of the Navy and will be promoted to Secretary when James Forrestal resigns. Now, according to reports, another oil man, Ralph K. Davies, is to be named Undersecretary of the Interior, with the prospect that he may be appointed to the Secretaryship when Harold L.

Ickes resigns. Davies has been deputy petroleum administrator during the war. Before the Pauley appointment is approved, the Senate should look closely into his oil connections. The same is true of Davies. A Senate committee could profitably look into a Mexican oil deal in which, reportedly, Pauley took a leading part.

No one doubts the ability of these men. That has been amply established. A sophisticated argument can be made for putting -as Secretary of the Interior and Secretary of the Navy--in charge of America's oil reserves. They know the business, SO the argument runs. With our oil resources, both national and international, under combined Interior, Department control, they would "protect American interests" at home and abroad.

Presumably they would work with the private corporations to safeguard United States oil interests in the Middle East. The Navy is greatly concerned with protecting a source of supply for the United States in the Middle East. This is all very well as far as it goes. Our reserves within this country are seriously depleted. We should have access to a part of the va.t oil riches of the Middle East, since our own reserves were spent so prodigally in the recent war.

But access on what terms? That is the crucial question. Would Pauley and Davies, as hard-boiled oil men, be our agents in an undeclared war for the resources of the Middle East? In that kind of competition is the making of a shooting war. It belies all the fine words about United Nations and world peace. Two To One A Bad Precedent It will not do to feel that Republicans are reaching the vanishing point because the Gallup poll showed that 65 per cent of the World War veterans would vote Democratic to 35 per cent Republican. The youths who fought to make the world safe for democracy have come home to see that their country enjoys the democracy for which they fought.

Youth wants to go forward. Reactionary Democrats: Take notice! State's First Woman From the beginning of the contest for woman suffrage in North Carolina, Mrs. Cornelia Petty Jerman has held the foremost place among the women who have made a large contribution to the social advances in the State in recent years. A musician who led in the State Symphony; president of the Woman's Club in Raleigh, and the State Federation of Women's Clubs; chairman of the Woman Suffrage Committee; member of the Democratic National Committee and delegate to national conventions; Assistant Collector of Internal Revenue until her retirement -these are the positions which gave her the opportunity to lead in reforms which have blessed the State. Her death last night will be deepregretted by a multitude of friends and by the whole State.

One More Day Management and labor of Erwin Mills have one more day in which to bargain collectively and stop industrial anarchy in three industrial centers in North Carolina. Unless they settle their differences the stockholders will meet on Tuesday, and it will be their duty to do what is necessary to start the wheels turning, either by fixing rates, or by demanding arbitration. Longer shutdown is unthinkable in a civilized country! The Staff Of Life In view of the world's need for bread, it is fortunate that last year there was a good wheat crop. The carry-over from 1945 was 000 bushels. The world will need a billion bushels, and Uncle Sam's granaries can supply it.

English Wives The Rhamkatte Roaster "I see that 60,000 British gals what fascinated an' married GI boys over there, with their babies, air a-cumin' to the old U.S.A. It will add to our population an' deprive 60,000 American gals ov gittin' war heroes as husbands. I agrees with old Nat Macon who sed marryin' a gal ort not fer to marry a man who diddent live nigh enough fer her to see the smoke a-risin' out Ov his daddy's chimney. Them's my sentiments even if I did have to go 50 miles away to git a gal to marry me." Thus spoke the Old Codger this morning. Asked if he didn't want these British wives to be reunited with their American husbands in this country, the Old Codger said: "I wishes the boys had a-waited1 to marry a nabor gal, but I air fer keepin' the promise we made 'em when they entered the armed forces, to-wit: That they wuz entitled to whatever they wanted if they'd lick the Nazis.

They wuz gone a long time. They wuz hungry fer love, an' them English gals wuz fascinated an' they got married. I air stickin' to what I sed after Pearl Harbor: 'Give 'em what they English gals makes good wives. They kin cook, an' I air fer givin' 'em a welcum to Uncle Sam's domain. The boys air entitled to what makes 'em happy an' I air all fer love an' marriage.

In course, it air a miracle but I has allers believed in miracles. Even life air a miracle. I air all fer love." Spirit of the Press LOWERS THE GRADE. Gastonia Gazette. Several Gaston County farmers went down into York County a few weeks ago to see the mechanical cotton picker at work.

They were not duly impressed. Of course, it would gather the cotton, they said, but it also gathered a lot of trash, leaves, grass and large bits of the broken The cost of picking the cotton has been materially lowered, of course, but the grade of the cotton has also been lowered. It may be that the mass production hereby promised may make for lower costs and thus compensate for the lower price that will be realized for the cheaper grade of cotton. 366 REASONS FOR UNIFICATION. The New York Times.

A survey by the War Department of the various boards and committees now set up within the Army and Navy departments to coordinate similar activities presents 366 valid reasons why Congress should speedily be about the business of translating into law one of the three legislative proposals on military matters that were made by the President in his State of the Union message. The existence of that many boards and committees -whose total apparently was a surprise even to the surveyors-would seem to be a tacit acknowledgement of the many points at which two separate government departments overlap and duplicate each other and to point the necessity for a greater unification of effort than could ever be possible through joint committees. It is also a valid argument against a further separation of effort by establishment of an autonomous Department of Air. Instead of 366 committees we might well wind up with 666. At least Air would have to have a member on many of the existing committees.

SHOULD NOT WAIT TO BE FORCED TO END CASTE SYSTEM. The United States News. The Army and Navy are to be forced to consider ways for softening their caste system. The wide gulf that separates officers from men under this system, and the distinctions and privileges accorded to officers have proved irksome to enlisted men. Resentment over the caste system is Getting a Little Tiresome 3 MANAGEMENT, Today's N.

C. Poem CHALLENGE. My South, why don't you lift your head And heave your battle cry, So long unsung by gallant lips, Up to your azure sky? Oh, weep no more for those who died But let us not forget Those gallant soldiers of the grey Whose graves with tears were wet. Oh, South, do not retire into The glory of the grave, Remember how our grey boys charged, Unflinching, wave on wave. Our gracious life was done, but then Defeat is physical; Where is that soul that never dying Answers to the call? Lay down that sword of flaming steel And grip your plowshares firm, Rise up, oh men, for men you are, Have done with lesser time.

New Southland, lift your mighty head, Go forth and take your place Once more among the powers as The flower of our PEGGY JANE WARREN. Raleigh. The People's Forum (All communications must be limited to 300 words,) DEFENSE OF ARMY. To the Editor: I am sending this to your People's Forum in reply to the piece against our Army, written by J. Browne Evans, which appeared under the heading "Selective Service." I do not know whether Mr.

Evans has seen Army service either in peace or war or not. What is more, I do not care: Why pick on the whose so-called "drunkards" won what?" Army, most of are beginning to wonder.) Isn't it about time the citizens stopped libeling our Army and try to cooperate with it? About the only time John Q. Citizen can say a good word about the Army is when his security is threatened? Any other time we are just a "bunch of bums." From whence comes the distortion of one's thinking that would prompt such a blasphemous letter as that of Mr. Evans? Is he, too, falling prey to a lot of Communistic propaganda, or has the Army done him an injustice? I wonder! Mr. Evans speaks of the "Army's benevolent attitude toward liquor." of course, this "benevolent attitude" is confined solely to the Army.

We in the Army, Mr. Evans, have as our sole aim winning wars, not starting them. If an occasional "spot" of that wicked stuff, demon rum, can bolster a man through a tough battle, then if the "wicked stuff" is available no one looks, or even cares, if he takes a swig. It is not forced on him. I can not help but recall the incident related in the "Life of Lincoln," in which someone said of General Grant: "Mr.

President, General Grant is a fine general, but he drinks an awful lot of whiskey." To which Lincoln replied: "General Grant does a lot of fighting. I wish I knew what brand he drinks. maybe it would help some of my other generals." The Army never has and never will tolerate drunkenness. The guardhouses can furnish authentic proof that. MASTER SGT.

L. J. STEPHENSON. Weldon. FEPC BILL.

To the Editor: I have recently given considerable consideration to the pending FEPC bill, and as a citizen of the United States I feel compelled to express my opinion regarding the matter. In the first place, I have found no good cause for the introduction of this bill other than for the purpose of antagonizing the Southern businessman. Since the beginning of time it has been the privilege and personal duty of an employer to hire any man whom he considers best suited to the vacant position. Is there any reason why the employer should be denied this privilege? No, there is no one, not even the United THE WASHINGTON Merry-Go-Round By Drew Pearson -Most energetic champion of the veteran has become Wilson Wyatt, ex-mayor of Louisville, now czar of Federal Housing. Wyatt, who believes in pulling no punches and setting his sights high, staged a closeddoor battle inside the White House last week which lined up the sheep and the goats, economically speaking, among Truman's advisers.

Wyatt's battle was over housing, now considered the tightest need in the civilian economy. The conference was held in the President's office, and present were: Truman himself, Reconverter John Snyder, Press Secretary Charlie Ross, Private Adviser George Allen, and Wilson Wyatt. Wyatt brought with him a 12-page memo giving his recommendations regarding the housing shortage. It was a forthright, all-embracing program. Instead of only 400,000 houses a year (the limit private builders say they can build), he called for around 3,000,000 houses in two years.

The program also proposed: 1. The stopping of all non-essential building. This meant cracking down on new night clubs and most new office buildings. 2. Immediate restoration of L-41.

This is the order, suspended by John Snyder, which removes controls from building materials. Wyatt's plan is to place all building material on a priority basis. 3. Give subsidies for low-cost houses up to 25 per cent--if necessary. Wyatt did not believe, however, that many subsidies would be necessary after builders got into mass production.

4. Convert Army camps into housing by units which are suitable for use. removing, 5. Keep all housing under $10,000, and give the largest share of building materials to those putting up $5.000 houses. Finally, Wyatt called for a tremendous use of fabricated materials as the quickest way to build houses.

Paragraphs By Robert Quillen. "Eye exercise restored his good vision." Probably stood on a windy corner. Of course the G. are homesick, but they'll be sicker for want of a home when they get back. In the old days you kissed a girl instead of pressing your mouth against a fresh slick coat of paint.

Fable: Once a suitor was rejected, ar.d he didn't wonder how the girl could turn down such an opportunity. Blessed are the humble. They aren't forever getting their feelings hurt because they don't expect much. If your neighbors never call, rejoice. You'd soon regret it if you got neighborly with that kind of people.

In most sections you can get plenty of sugar--at 25 cents a pound and up. How do the black market boys hide warehouses from OPA? Note to scientists: Just because your atoms theory worked out, you needn't expect us to swallow that one about our ancestry. There is no gold-backed currency on earth. Every nation is printing bales of paper money. Until that folly is stopped, no other problem can be solved.

one factor in slowing voluntary reenlistments in the postwar Army and Navy. It is a factor, too, influencing Congress to end Selective Service at the first opportunity and to refuse to accept universal military training. Men report cases in which they are required to salute empty jeeps that carry officers' insignia. They complain that officers use airplanes for personal business while enlisted men wait for transportation home. They object to rules that bar enlisted men from going out with Army and Navy nurses, and Wac and Wave officers.

They resent officers' clubs stocked with liquor while men are denied a chance to buy liquor. They don't like the officers' right to require them to do menial jobs of waiting on officers to satisfy personal whims--when these tasks seem beneath the dignity of drafted Americans. In trying to build a large postwar Army a and Navy based upon voluntary service, the military organizations are up against resentment at caste distinctions now prevailing. They are faced with a situation that may require them to ease the policy of caste or forfeit needed reenlistments. CIO'S STRATEGIC ERROR.

The Springfield Republican. It was a fundamental error in strategy for the high command of the CIO to spring on the country so many great strikes in basic and major industries at the same time. This criticism has not originated in so-called anti-labor circles. It is felt, if not publicly pressed, by leaders of other labor organizations. John L.

Lewis and William Green are credited with disparaging estimates of the CIO's top management. AFL officials, now assembled at. Miami, for the winter meeting of their executive council, are reported to fear "the effect of the tactics of the CIO on the future of collective bargaining." This fear is based on the adverse public reaction to a multiplicity of big strikes, culminating now in the steel strike, the biggest of them all. Mr. Murray and his colleagues have given the public a very stiff dose in conducting simultaneously strikes in the automobile, the electric equipment, the meat packing and the steel industries, to mention only four.

If there is now no bargaining on either side, but only belligerency, the fact is ominous and must be faced as a menace to the labor movement in a broad sense. Big business is certainly in a favorable position than before in years to profit by a rising public sentiment adverse to unionism and by the Congressional disposition to revise Federal laws relating to labor disputes. 25 Years Ago From the Files of The News and Observer FEBRUARY 4, 1921. Governor Morrison declares war on Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina. Hundreds attend hearings on State good roads bill.

State of North Carolina charged per cent interest on $4,500,000 short-term notes by New York bankers. Addressing General Assembly, Secretary of the Navy Daniels declares "investigation is nation's reward to its soldiers." States government, who understands the eligibility of a prospective employe for a position better than the employer himself. It is folly to think that an FEPC representative (which would be provided, according to the bill) would understand the eligibility of a prospective employe better than the employer. After all, who has founded the successful business, FEPC "representatives" or the employers? And if the employer has been wise enuogh in the past to develop a successful business, then why should he suddenly be unable to decide whom he should hire to most greatly benefit his organization? This bill would directly and maliciously destroy the right of free enterprise. It is my sincere desire to see this bill killed, and any other citizen who appreciates his freedom should hold this same conviction.

BOBBY GORE. Raleigh. CLOTHES FOR VETERANS. To the Editor: If it's possible for you to do so, I'd appreciate your answerling a question that is uppermost in my mind: What happened to the government's request merchants that the returning war veteran's be given first choice of buying clothes? May I say that the merchants of Raleigh have, to the best of my knowledge, completely ignored this request. I have been living in Raleigh since the first part of December, having been transferred here upon returning to work in Savannah, after being discharged from the Army.

Since taking up residence in Raleigh I have tried repeatedly, and completely without success, to buy some clothes. Even though supplies of shirts, suits, are intermittently received by local merchants, no returned war veteran has yet to be given a preference. Furthermore, of all the businesses in Raleigh, I know of absolutely none that give a returnee any preference, with the exception of the company by which I am employed. You have undoubtedly noticed the number of men in the streets wearing old uniforms or parts of uniforms. I can state from personal experience that no love of the service from which they were discharged prompts this display.

It is pure and simple a lack of civilian clothes. C. ROBINSON, JR. Raleigh. A NEW LOW.

To the Editor: I have seen and heard of some of the low practices to which some people will stoop, but the lowest I've ever heard of in the larceny category was a theft that took place in the bus station at Tarboro. In a conspicuous place in the bus station was a quart jar with an appeal on it asking people to give to the "March of Dimes" program to help combat paralysis. The agent at the station estimated there was about $10 in the jar. This money would have gone to that good cause had it not been for this lowdown thief, who took the jar to a rest room, removed the contents and left the empty jar. The person who committed this crime of depriving crippled children of part of the means which might enable them to walk again is unknown to us, but is known to God, and I feel certain that this person will receive a just punishment.

STAR WEAVER. Wilson. The program hit Reconverter Snyder like a ton of bricks. He was in favor of none of it. George Allen also was.

negative, though not as much so as Snyder. "I'm not sure you can rush in with this before you've cleared it on Capitol Hill. and also with labor and the real estate boys," Allen said. "There are a million bills on the Hill dealing with housing, including the Patman bill and the Wagner-Ellender bill. look things over carefully." However, Allen added: "Thank God someone has come in with an idea." President Truman, on the other hand, was favorable, though he wanted his advisers to iron out their various ditferences.

Snyder's initial argument was that press reaction to such a program would be bad. This question was referred to Press Secretary Charlie Ross, who has spent 40 years as a newsman. Ross disagreed, said newspaper comment would be excellent. He endorsed the Wyatt program heartily. Snyder also objected on the ground that people didn't like going back to wartime restrictions.

But Wyatt disagreed. "Look at the public's endorsement of the OPA when it replaced price ceilings on citrus fruits." he said. "We have to keep our sights high," the hard-hitting ex-mayor of Louisville insisted. "Unless you do, we'll come through with no program at After a long discussion, it was finally decided to postpone the program until Wyatt could straighten out some of his differences with Snyder and Civilian Products Administrator Jack Small. In the end.

President Truman gave this emphatic endorsement of Wyatt's general ideas. "As I told you before, I want no little plan." he said. Odds are that Wyatt will win out with most of this program. Secretary of War Patterson, stopping at Frankfurt Germany, the other day, expressed his desire to go to the American cemetery at Hamm, Luxembourg, to lay a wreath on General Patton's grave. His pilot, however, reported that bad weather precluded flying.

The officer handling railroad transportation also recommended against using the train, since would have to pass through the French zone, necessitating a change of crew and a long delay, running perhaps into hours. Finally, the motor officer urged Patterson not to drive since the roads were covered with sleet and ice. All of which exasperated the Secretary of War. "If Patton were alive." he said, "he would not be stopped if he thought it was his duty to go to Hamm. Get a car and we will drive to Hamm at once." The trip of about 120 miles packed into it two -tragedies.

The first time, the car skidded, hit the gates at a railroad crossing, crashed through and stalled on the track. The second time, in a dense fog, a truck driven by a French soldier collided with one of Patterson's care and turned it over. No one was hurt. The party crowded into one car and went on. The wreath was laid on Patton's grave.

Lt. Comdr. Clark Clifford, a White House naval aide, is a cousin of Annamay Dickey, the Metropolitan Opera Harry Luce is appointment with Truman arranging, him an certain ultro-hot documents on the Indonesian revolt. The National Law. yers' Guild will honor Chester Bowles, "The Man Who Held the Line," with a dinner in Washington, February 15.

Henry Wallace will be the principal speaker. The January 15 issue of the Army Ordnance Reserve Magazine virtually calls for war with Russia. Senator Chavez of New Mexico relieved the monotony of the FEPC debate the other day by bring. ing movie starlet Margaret O'Brien the Capitol. Chavez said he wished he could bring little Margaret onto the Senate floor instead of the FEPC..