The News and Observer from Raleigh, North Carolina • 287

Ineredible Century The News and Observer, Sunday, May 16, 1965 1--3 N. C. State Steeped in Research Campuses: The Corners Of Triangle On October 3, 1889, an institution known as North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts opened its doors on the west edge of Raleigh, On hand were students and six professors. The plant consisted of one building and a stable. Some of the greatest men of that day sadly shook their heads over the futility of it all.

But the fledgling institution turned out to be of rugged stock. Today it has become N.C. State University, the State's History Reflected In Growth of University longer felt an allegiance to their university. The Republican legislature failed to support it. In 1870 the lights went out in Chapel Hill.

The bell in South Building was silent. The Old Well no bucket, no rope, no students or teachers to drink from it. Weeds grew high then the campus. University of North Carolina did make the inevitable comeback. In 1875 the conservatives, or Democrats, began to regain influence in the General Assembly.

These men, many alumni of the university, campaigned to reopen the school in Chapel Hill. Woman as Torch-bearer But the real torch-bearer was a woman. She was Cornelia Phillips Spencer, widow of a faculty member and daughter of another. Her stirring letters were published in newspapers and her personal letters inspired alumni to action. The legislature of 1875 authorized the re-birth of the University.

Kemp P. Battle was named president. Mrs. Spencer climbed the steps of South Building to the tower. She seized the bell rope and rang the bell, to signal the new beginning of the university.

Students came swarming back. To get in the university in Wealthy Duke Had Meager Beginnings James B. Duke and the university his millions made possibly had something in common: a meager beginning. No polished product of the plantation South, Duke spent many of his early years toiling under a burning sun on his family's small Durham County farm. Brown's Schoolhouse In the same year The News and Observer was born, the University of North Carolina was headed for total eclipse.

The first state university in the nation had served the sons of North Carolina for 70 years, giving free tuition, room and board to those who needed it. In the hands of men like the first president Dr. Joseph Caldwell and the Civil War president, Dr. David L. Swain, the little university had prospered.

Since it was chartered in 1789 and opened in 1795, it had encouraged the growth of academics and schools all over North Carolina. Then doom came. It was not the Civil War, nor even the occupation of the village of Chapel Hill by Union troops that closed the doors of the university. Reconstructron Doom came in the form of the Reconstruction, days fraught with partisan politics, when native North Carolinians had little to say about the life of their State, days of despair and poverty. In 1868 the Reconstruction government headed by Gov.

W. W. Holden relieved President Swain and his faculty of their duties. In 1869 the university reopened with a new president, the Rev. Solomon Pool, and an -Republican faculty.

But the people of the State no The start of Duke University, which he founded, was equally unpromising. The source of its present sprawling campuses was Brown's School house in rural Randolph County. Duke's family tradition was one of hard work rather than of cotillions and moonlight strolls down magnolia lined walks. In the desolation that kept on working and made his millions. The tempo by which Brown's Schoolhouse became Duke University was far slower than that by which Duke earned his fortune.

Erected nearly 127 years ago, the schoolhouse eventually developed into Normal College and after some years, its name was changed to Trinity College. Some of Trinity's leaders disliked the college's location. How, they asked, could the institution ever thrive in such a provincial place? It was suggested that Washington Duke father of James might give substantial financial help if the college moved to Durham. Move To Durham The move came in 1892 when the older Duke gave a large sum for this specific purpose. But before the change, many an angry cry was hurled against the step.

Opponents charged Durham with being a wild and uncouth town. It was, they asserted bitterly, no place for tender collegiate sensibilities. However, the sensibilities survived whatever Durham's fleshpots of that day offered in the way of temptation. And the college progressed. It is doubtful, however, if the college could have continued to exist, much less make progress, without frequent healthy infusions of Duke monoretary need remained constant, and so did the Dukes' giving.

Although Benjamin, James brother, became understandably weary of the incessant need, they invariably came through when disaster threatened. The family's largesse continued even after a student there, presumably with administrative consent if not ap- nerve center of research and teaching, in North science Carolina. and techSprawled out on its acre main campus are 75 buildings, valued in excess of $50 million. Four hundred research projects are in progress valued in excess of $14 million. The student body numbers 8,900, including a graduate enrollment of 1,300.

The fight for establishment of the college began in 1872 when Col. Leonidas, Polk, then Commissioner Agriculture, making speech- Bell Tower ductive in the history of the university. UNC was heralded by the Carnegie Corporation, in a study, as one of the foremost universities in the country. Grants to students for study abroad became more frequent. Specific departments rose to national recognition.

The educational television station WUNC-TV was opened in the early '50's, and the million-dollar Ackland Art Center opened in 1959. The Institute of Government reached its highest peak of service to local and state government officials. The Morehead building and Planetarium was completed. The Morehead Scholarships program became one of the most attractive awards programs in the country. The program for "Superior Freshmen" began with honors programs for students who are extraordinaty academic talents.

William C. Friday became president of the university in 1956, including the University at Raleigh and at Greensboro, and William B. Aycock became Chancellor in 1957. During the next years, UNC entered the computer age with the installation of a Univac 1105 and a Research Computation Center. There are today 14 colleges and schools, with more than 100 academic-affiliated departments and institutes.

Student Growth The University has grown from 1,700 students in 1921 to 11,300 in 1965; from 200 faculty members to over 1,000 full-time and part-time faculty; from 12 buildings to a campus of 130 buildings today. The total annual budget of t.ie university exceeds $20 million. Recent achievements include: Increased support for humanist studies research under Kenan Professor Hugh Holman, and a new cooperative program between Duke and UNC: World centers in statistics, behavioral sciences, psychometics, city and regional planning; The Institute of Government as a national, regional and State center for local government officials, begun by Prof. Albert Coates and continuing under John Sanders; The Ackland Art Center and rejuvenated department of art under Joseph Sloane; The Institute of Fisheries Research at Morehead City; The UNC Press; The Fine Arts Program; Coker Arboretum; The Research Triangle. Chancellor Paul F.

Sharp succeeded Chancellor Aycock in 1964. Prof. Aycock resumed teaching at the Law School. Chancellor Sharp is backing the program to set up residence colleges, with about 000 students each. The new chancellor also joins President Friday, former Chancellor Aycock and other leaders in stressing the ideals of freedom in the University.

es and writing through the columns of The Progressive Farmer about the need for a farmers' college. At the same time, a group of young men in Raleigh, collectively known as the WatauClub, urging the need for a school of industrial and mechanical arts. The Watauga Club was organized in 1884 at the suggestion of William J. Peele, a young lawyer, with the object of encouraging free discussion and promoting the educational, agricultural and industrial interests of the State. Among its members were Arthur Winslow, Josephus Daniels, Charles D.

McIver and Walter Hines Page. Watauga Club Memorial those days a student had to have a competent knowledge of the elements of English language, geography, algebra, Latin grammar, prosody and composition, four books of Caesar, five books of Virgil's Aeneid, Greek grammar and composition. To get the B.A. degree, he completed courses in math, Latin, Greek, natural philosophy, chemistry, French, German, logic, rhetoric, astronomy, minerlogy and geology, mental and moral science, international and constitutional law, political economy, English literature. The Bible was taught in all courses.

During President Battle's regime, schools of law and medicine developed. In 1878 a summer school for public school teachers was founded, the Normal School. This was the first time women were enrolled in the university. The Raleigh Observer called the opening of the Normal School, "the actual dawn of a new, brighter and better era in North George Tayloe Winston sueceeded Dr. Battle as president in 1891, and Edwin A.

Alderman followed him in 1895. Francis P. Venable, the scientists, became president at Chapel Hill in 1900. Two of Venable's most famous students in the chemistry lab were John Motley Morehead and William Rand Kenan, both later millionaires and benefactors to their alma mater. Harry W.

Chase is known as the man who brought the university to its national stature. He became president in 1919 after being on the faculty for nine years. A New Englander, he set about raising standards, adding schools and departments, and ultimately secured the university in membership in the most exclusive academic organization in the country, the Association of American Universities, which still has only 41 members. The Institute for Research in Social Science and the UNC Press were founded under President Chase. From Dramatic Art came to Professor Frederick H.

Koch and his two star pupils, Thomas Wolfe and Paul Green. Journalism classes were started by Louis Ganes, who was followed by Gerald W. Johnson, and then a department was started by Oscar J. Coffin. In 1931 UNC at Chapel Hill became part of the Consolidated University of North Carolina system, under President Frank Porter Graham.

The Kenan professorships were established with money left the university by Mrs. Robert Worth Bingham in honor of her parents William Rand Kenan and Mary Hargraves Kenan. if President Graham and Chancellor Robert B. House brought the university through the depression and World War II years, and the spurt ahead in growth-particularly in Health Affairs and sciences in the late 1940's. and health complex orgaA four medical school nized in six schools was formed.

The Health Affairs area got its start under President Gordon Gray and interim president William D. Carmichael Jr. The decade 1950-60 is by several units of measurement the greatest and most pro- Statue of founder James B. Duke In February, 1885, the WaClub presented a memorial to the General Assembly with information showing the need for a new college. On March 7, the Assembly passed a bill for the creation of the college.

Then followed two years in which supporters of the profunds to open the college and posed school o1 sought sufficient a site on which to put it. In 1887, the $7,500 LandScrip Fund was transferred from the University North Carolina for endowing the new technological college. This Fund was set up under the federal Morrill Act, signed by President Lincoln in 1862, granting to each State public lands to be sold for income to endow at lease one "LandGrant" college in the State. The Land-Grant colleges placed great procation, seeking the fessional or specialized, eduneeds of a people just learning how to apply the discoveries of science and technology daily life. Then, Congress passed the Ilatch Act appropriating 000 for an agricultural experiment station to be conducted in connection with the LandGrant colleges.

Pullen Gave Land R. Stanhope Pullen, a leading citizen of Raleigh, offered 60 acres land. Charlotte and Kinston competed for the college, but the inducement of Pullen's land placed it at Raleigh. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts came into being in March, 1887. (Its name was to be changed in 1917 to the North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering.) Colonel Alexander Q.

Holladay of Virginia was unani- Modern campus of N. C. State mously elected president in 1888. He had applied for the professorship of English. Colonel Holladay was followed by Dr.

George Taylor Winston in 1899. During Dr. Winston's administration the School of Textiles was started and the faculty grew from 24 to 40 members. Dr. Daniel Harvey Hill, a member of the original faculty, became president in 1908.

During his term, the 1911 Dormitory was built, named in honor of the class which abolished hazing. Dr. Wallace Carl Riddick moved from vice-president to president when Dr. Hill resigned in 1916. He served until 1923, when he voluntarily retired to become dean of the new School of Engineering.

Dr. Eugene Clyde Brooks was State Superintendent of Public Instruction when he was elected fifth president of N. C. State. Under his guidance, a Division of Forestry was established in the School of Agriculture, and the School of Engineering added new departments, In 1934, Colonel John W.

Harrelson, head of the math department, was selected to head the college, with a change of title to "dean of administration." He was the fifth alumnus to fill this position. His title was changed in 1945 to chancellor of State College and vice-president of the Consolidated University. Under Chancellor Harrelson, the College Union, Neal Reynolds Coliseum, Clark Infirmary and the Nuclear Reactor Building were added, Dr. Carey H. Bostian, director of instruction in the School of Agriculture, became chancellor in 1953.

During his administration, enrollment jumped from 4,055 to 5,685. N. C. State completed a multi-million dollar expansion program. Dr.

Bostian resigned to return to full-time teaching as a professor of gentics, and Dr. John T. Caldwell, then president of the University of Arkansas, succeeded him as chancellor on September 1, 1959. Since Dr. Caldwell began his duties, the graduate and undergraduate enrollment has jumped from in 1960 to 8,878 this year--an all-time high.

Currently, a nearly 17 million building program is being developed. The N. C. State teaching staff numbers over 500 holding doctor of philosophy degrees. Outlaying projects include 16 research farms scattered throughout the State, the Minerals Research Laboratory in Asheville and an agricultural research mission in Peru.

Several years ago, two of the largest private grants in PROGRESS, PROSPERITY- -AND PEOPLE To grow and prosper, a company must determine the needs of the public and then strive to fulfill those needs with products conveying useful benefits. It is to this end that Corning is dedicated. Our Electronic Products Division and its facilities in Raleigh have played a large part in our recent growth. But more important have been the contributions made by the many dedicated North Carolinians employed at these facilities. They have helped us remain the world leader in providing quality products made of glass and related materials for science, industry, electronics and the home.

Corning Glass Works, Corning, N. Y. CORNING University. the school's history came from the Ford and Kellogg Foundations. The National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Carnegie Corporation and Rockefeller Foundation as well as a number of private companies, are heavy investors in the research activities at N.

C. State. In 1962, the Twentieth Century Fund of New York announced a $250,000 grant to N. C. State to conduct a farreaching study on the South's economic future.

Last year, in addition to renewal of the $1 million Kellogg grant, the college was awarded $2 million for a fiveyear study in quantitative genetics and another $1 million for an investigation of pesticides. In 1963 the Higher Education Act designated that N.C. State was a university and the center for teaching and research in science and technology in the State. At this time came the creation of the school's eighth undergraduate degree-granting division, the School of Liberal Arts. Today Col.

Leonidas Polk and his determined, courageous friends wouldn't recognize their "agricultural and mechanical college." But they'd be proud of it: proval, publicly railed against the "tobacco trust." Others felt that biting the hands that feed you is a fool proof way to starvation. It was in 1924 that James B. Duke set up the Indenture that provided the millions required to establish Duke University around the nucleus of Trinity College. Trinity's campus became The Woman's College of the University. About a mile to the west, trees were felled to construct the men's campus, with i its focal point, to towering Gothic Duke Chapel.

Despite its youth, the university has many noteworthy attainments to its credit. Many of its colleges, schools and departments have earned national recognitions. Its faculty pay scale is among the country's highest. Scholastic standards of its students continue to rise. $170 Million Sought But Duke's President Douglas M.

foresees the need for additional $170 Knight, million in the next 10 years if the institation is to continue its surge upward in the academic world. Much of this support must come from sources other than The Duke Endowment. Thomas L. Perkins, chairman of the Trustees of The Duke Endowment, agrees that Duke has reached a turning point as it enters its fifth decade. "It is not in every, period of its history that college university expect signifi.cant advances," he points out.

"This time for Duke University.".