The News and Observer from Raleigh, North Carolina • 21

a an BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM IN NORTH CAROLINA VOL. CXI. NO. 48 SUFFRAGE FIGHT CENTERS INTEREST IN NORTH CAROLINA Strong Wilson, Support Governor By President, Others Significant DEMOCRATIC TRIUMPH WOULD THEN BE ASSURED North Carolina Women Point To Good Results Achieved By Equal Suffrage Elsewhere and Confidently Look To North Carolina To Lend Helping Hand To The Women Because of the tremendous national Interest centered in the possible verdiet of the North Carolina Legislature on the subject of the ratification of the Federal suffrage amendment in its special session which convened on August the State is occupying a place well pp to the front and center of the political arena. The favorable action of the North Carolina Legislature will form a most important contribution to the chances for Democratic victory, Democratic leaders believe, and for this reason the party's national leaders are concentrating their attention upon the Heel" State just now.

The strong support given the campaign to bring about the ratification of the Federal suffrage, amendment by President Wilson, Governor Cox of Ohio, the party's Presidential nominee; Josephmus Daniels, Secretary Navy; the National Democratic Committee and North Carolina State Demoerats, is an indication of the" importance attached to the of the ratification of the completion, by a Democratic Legislature. Governor Cox has indicated by his action in urging ratification, in other. Democratic States the value of a Democratic triumph in the enfranchisement of the women of the nation Such an achievement for Democratic party, many prominent leaders declare, will bring about strong support of the party ticket from, women in all States. MRS. PALMER JERMAN, Chairman State Ratification Committee.

Are You With Us? Are good that has been in the States where woman suffrage has been granted! Are you keen that then women of i your State shall have power of the ballot as well as the women of Tennessee, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Washington, California, Arizona, Kansas, Oregon, Montana, Texas, Nexada, Illinois and New York! Are you ready to fight in this great war for democracy by securing to onehalf the people of your State a voice in their own government! GERTRUDE WEIL, President North Carolina Equal Suffrage Association. Not At Home. "Woman's place is in the home." You were out today! Were you at your children's school! Politics controls the school. Were you buying your dinner? Politics controls pure-food laws and market conditions. Were you buying ready-made clothing! Politics controls conditions under which such clothing is made.

What controls politics! The ballot. MARTHA HAYWOOD. Women Mentally Competent. Have you ever your mother, wife, sister daughter are hand not allowed to vote? The only reason not enfranen chising any class of people in a democracy is because they are mentally or morally incompetent to vote. The reason why women are not enfranchised is because, when our Constitution was made a hundred and twenty-five years ago, women were considered mentally incompetent to vote One hundred and twenty-five years ago girls were not admitted to the publie grammar schools; women were not admitted to the colleges; women were not admitted to many of the trades and professions; married women could not own property; and married women did not own their own children.

During the past hundred and twentyAve years the status of women has completely changed. The mental competence of women is now recognized in all phases of social responsibility--except that of the franchise. The time has come to change the political status of women and to make it accord with the facts. How long will our State tolerate the low political position of its women now that thirty other States are raising them to the dignity of citizenship and giring them the right to vote for Presidential electors this fall! ELSIE G. RIDDICK.

The News RALEIGH, N. IN WHICH CASE ARE YOU? THE CASE FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE "Woman suffrage is vital to the right solution of the great problems which we must settle and settle immediately. We shall need women in our vision of affairs as we have never needed them before; the sympathy, the insight and clear moral instinet of the women of the world. "We shall need their moral sense to preserve what is right and fine and worthy in our life as well as to discover just what it is that ought to he purified and reformed." Withuot their counselings we shall be only half wise." trow Wilson. "THE CASE AGAINST WOMAN SUFFRAGE" Lowest Infant Death Rate In Countries Having Full Suffrage Rights For All New Zealand, First Country to Grant Suffrage to Women, Has Lowest Infant Mortality Rate in the World; Women Use Ballot To Further Legislation For Home and State.

In days gone by, dire accusations were brought against women who dared nurse an ambition to have a voice in the government of their country. Every unlovely epithet in the English dictionary- and there are several-was bestowed upon them. They were home-wreckers, child-haters, family destroyers. But year by year woman suffrage was tried out, country by country, State by Stare, and lo! it was discovered that woman was using her vote, not to wreck the home, but to i protect it; not to the hurt of children, but to their great good; not to destroy the family, but to strengthen and secure it. So widespread has been the suffrage discovery that opponents dare of make woman no longer these charges save in backwoods places--or places that they consider backwoodsy.

In view of the facts, it is to flout the intelligence of a community to tell it that to give a woman the right to protect her home and her children by a vote is to make her hate home and children. Every time and everywhere that woman gets a chance to vote she proceeds to use that vote for the benefit of home and children. Consider the record: Over 300,000 babies die every year in the United States before they are one year old. The National Conservation Commission estimates that an individual is worth $2,900 to society. At this rate, the 300,000 babies represent a yearly loss of $870,000,000 to the United States.

Five Countries Below America Five countries have a lower infant death rate than the United States. They are New Zealand, with an infant death rate of 59 per 1,000 births; Norway, 68 per Australia, 72 per Sweden, 72 per 1,000, and France, 78 1,000. The women in all five counper tries leading the list now have full or municipal suffrage. Women have had the vote in New Zealand for 20 years, and New Zealand has the lowest infant death rate in the world. In the United States, California, a full suffrage State, is the banner baby State.

It has the highest birth rate in the Union, and a very low death rate. One of the lowest infant death rates in the United States, 47.7, is in Berkeley, California. In Portland, the infant death is 55-1 per 1,000 births; in Spokane, Washington, 57.7. Kansas has reduced its rate from 120 to 70 since it adopted a public nursing association in 1913. Washington gave women the rote in 1910, California in 1911, Kansas and Oregon in 1912.

When, of all the civilied world, the country that had woman suffrage the longest has the lowest death rate, and the countries with the next lowest rate all have woman suffrage, can there be a doubt that woman suffrage helps to bring about healthier living conditions for all the people? Isn't it evident that when mothers are represented in government and their opinions and interests are consulted, babies have a better chance! Isn't it proved that women with the (Continued on Page Two.) For Increased White Supremacy Woman Suffrage in North Carolina will increase white supremacy. Population of North Carolina Over 21 Years of Age. White Women, 358,583 Colored Women, 159,236. Therefore, there are 199,347 more white women in N. C.

than colored. White Women, 358,583. Colored Men and Women, 305,988. There are over 50,000 more white women in N. C.

than colored men and women together. Woman Suffrage will greatly increase the white vote in all the states south of the Mason and Dixon line. Population of 15 Southern States Over 21 Years of Age. White Women, 10,661,926. Colored Women, 4,354,089.

Therestre, there are more than twice as many white women in the South as colored women. White Women, 10,661,926. Colored Men and Women, 8,643,650. Therefrize, there are over two million more white women than colored men end women together. and SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST ELECTION COSTS NOT INCREASED BY EQUAL SUFFRAGE Officials of Practically All Full, Suffrage States Agree In Statement MACHINERY REMAINS IN SAME STATE AS BEFORE Slightly Increased Costs In Some States For Registration But Women Also Pay Taxes; Telegrams From Governors of Many States Refute Charges Logic is conspicuous by its absence from the argument that to allow women the ballot would merely double the cost of holding elections without any benefit in proportion to the added expense.

In the first place it could not double the cost of holding elections. One set of election officials would still suffice for each voting place and there would De but one set of registration officials. The same machinery necessary to conduct an a election, with men only voting would suffice if women were added to the electorate. It was computed in June 1919 that New York City could vote all its women for just one-sixth of what it has been costing to vote its men. It cost $300,000 in 1917 to vote 691,809 men.

It was explained by the election officials that an equal number of women could be voted for an additional sum of $50,000, making $350,000 in all. It had cost the city 43 cents each to vote its men, but it would need a per capita expenditure of cents more to care for as many more women at the polls. In considering this question it must be remembered that women pay their full pro rata share of the taxation for election expenses and that they have been doing so for more than a century while deprived by law from casting vote. Why should not women's taxes pay for women's votes instead of for men's votes only? The officials of equal suffrage states, in answer to a query, declared that the voting of women has not appreciably increased the election expenses. Testimony From Suffrage States.

The following telegrams were signed by the governors or secretaries of state in answer to the question: "Does woman suffrage greatly increase election expenses and make additional taxation necessary?" Wyoming: "Woman suffrage has not increased taxes in this state nor cost elections." Colorado: "Only increase in cost elections what naturally accrues from added number electorate." Idaho: "Added election expense infinitesimal." Washington: "Election expenses only increased by slight cost caused by effort to keep voting precincts under 250 California: "Increased cost of elections because of women voters very little." Oregon: "Woman suffrage has increased election exenses only 80 far as naturally they would increase pro- (Continued on Page Two) SUFFRAGE ADVERTISED BY ITS GREAT ALLIES Friends and Supporters Include Practically Every Influential Organization A cause is known by its friends. Friends and supporters of woman suffrage are legion and include practically every influential organization, state and national. A partial list follows: Business Organizations. American Business Women's Association, Women Grain Growers' Association, Grand Council of United Commercial Travelers, National American Letter Carriers' Association. Industrial Organizations.

National Women's Trade Union League, United Mine Workers, Amalgamated Associations of Street and Electric Railway Employees of America, Western Federation of Miners, United Textile Workers of America. Professional Organizations. National Editorial Association, International Council of Nurses, American Nurses' Association, National League of Nursing Education, American Federation of Teachers, National Educational Association, Association of Collegiate Alumnae. Reigious Organizations. Methodist Episcopal Church, General Conference; National Society Friends, United Presbyterian Churches of North America, Central Conference American Rabbis, National ConferUnitarians, Jewish Congress, Presbyterian Church of the United States of America (General Assembly), General Sunday School Convention of Universalist Churches, Eastern Council of Reformed Rabbis.

Fraternal and Benevolent. National Order of Maccabees, International Order of Good Templars, Grand Lodge; National Woman's Relief Corps; the Great Hive, Ladies of the Modern Maccabees; Woman's Benevolent Association of Maccabees. Agricultural Organizations. National Grange, Farmers' National Congress. Women's Organizations.

International Council Women, representing over 7,000,000 women; General Federation of Women's Clubs, representing over 2,500,000 women; forty state federations of women's clubs, Women's Christian Temperance Union. Observer NORTH CAROLINA WOMEN CONFIDENT OF SECURING VOTE 15, 1920 Amidst Shouting and Tumult, They Wait Patiently But With Cheerfulness STRENGTHEN HANDS OF THE SUFFRAGE CHAMPIONS Employing No Spectacular Methods, North Equal Suffrage League Has Worked Effectively Until Today It Sees Every Party In America Endorse It The history of North Carolina shows that she is "never the first by whom the new is tried nor yet the last to cast the old aside." So in the 70 years that the suffrage struggle has been waging, it is only in the last ten years that North Carolina has borne an active part. Suffrage sentiment there was among the statesmen, educators, ministers and leaders of thought in this State, with an ever group of women until finally this quiet thinking was dering in their hearts on these crystalized ten years ago into the North Carolina Equal Suffrage Association. It was, formed for the purpose of proclaiming the doctrine of woman's obligation to participate in the government under which she lives. From the first its growth has been steady and sure.

Employing no spectacular methods disapproving militaney in all forms the only tactics it has employed, have been educational and "Sweet reasonableness" which met with ready response from men and women in all walks af life. At each of the Legislature since that chimession organization has introduced suffrage bills of various kinds and has had the satisfaction each time of reducing the adverse vote, until at the 1919 session, its bill for municipal suffrage Senate by a 36 to 12 majority and failed in the House by only 5 votes. With the passage by Congress in June 1919 of the Federal Suffrage Amendment, the North Carolina Association, like those of its sister states, realized that victory was in sight. State after state raitfied until the honor roll of 35 had been reached and now only one more is necessary to complete the enfranchisement of the women of this country. With the possibility that North Carolina might be the 36th the State Association took on new life.

With no change of methods save an increased energy in their pursuance, they have watched the feverish activities of an imported group of Northern Antis with much interest. These have tried to influence race prejudice and by appeals to State rights to stir up sectional rancor, but amid the "tumult and the shouting" North Carolina suffragists pursue the calm even tenor of their way for by particular conjunction of the times and tide of events, the fight has been lifted from the academic realm over to that of practical politics. There are seventeen million American women already ualified to vote in the approaching general election, many of this number will make their first party affiliation this autumn, as they vote then they will in all probability continue to vote, hence, the desire of both parties to secure the major part of this group in the electorate. With this in view, both national platforms, both North Carolina platforms urge the immediate ratification of the 19th amendment, knowing full well that the party furnishing the 36th state will name the next President of the United States. Party platforms take precedence personal views, and henc has come to North Carolina suffragists the unique position of seeing their cause espoused and carried high on the banners of the contending parties.

They will strengthen the hands of those that do battle for them, since it has passed out of their hands to wage the contest themselves. With perfect confidence they wait the result of the wheels of progress move ever onward and it is unthinkable that with all the English' speaking women of the world enfranchised North Carolina should keep hers out. Holding the same ideals that her men hold, governed by the same traditions and to a large tent, of the same political household of faith, North Carolina women expect enfranchisement at the hands of their Carolina men, MRS. PALMER JERMAN. HOW SUFFRAGE SPREADS IN SOUTHERN STATES Arkansas and Texas have primary suffrage.

Florida has municipal suffrage' in charter cities- 12 cities). A bill for primary suffrage passed one house last year. Tennessee has municipal and presidential suffrage. Georgia women have suffrage in the Atlanta primaries. This was conferred the Democratic party committee.

by, Louisiana had a state referendum last February which carried the state except for a comparatively small adverse vote in New Orleans, about 4,000. In North Carolina a bill for municipal suffrage passed one house last year, and was defeated by only four votes in the other house. In thirty states women are entitled to vote for the next President. These states control 339 of the 531 votes in the electoral college. They contain 17,500,000 women voters.

Suffrage and Child Welfare. Woman suffrage is a natural and inevitable step in the march of society forward; and instead of being incompatible, it, with and child indeed, the it next leads great toservice to be rendered for the welfare and ennoblement of Lathrop, head of the United States 'Children's Bureau.) WATCH LABEL on your paper. Send renewal days before expiration and avoid missing a single copy. PRICE: FIVE CENTS WILSON PAVED WAY IN SUFFRAGE FIGHT FOR EQUAL RIGHTS WHAT SENATOR SIMMONS SAYS. "There is a persistent belief that Republican leaders fear the effect of women's participation in this year's elections while Democratic leaders believe their will be to advantage of party.

participation, However that may be, it is certain that two, great, questions, each of vital import, both of which in their higher human aspects concern women more deeply than will be involved in this year's elections, and upon those questions it is believed women would naturally sympathize with the attitude of the Democratic paryt. "Moreover, if women are allowed to vote this year, their affiliation in the approaching elections will largely determine their future alignment in politics." ALABAMA SENATOR SHOWS NECESSITY Opposition of Democratic States May Defeat Party In National Councils "The indifference or opposition of Democratic states to the ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment would not only prevent the election of a Democratic President in the next election, but would result in the defeat of enough Democratic caididates for both houses of Congress to leave that party in the minority in both houses. "The ratification of this amendment by a sufficient number of states is now a foregone conclusion. This will within a very short time enable millions of women to vote. Their support will be either attracted to or driven from party by the failure of Democratic states in granting or refusing the right of suffrage.

No newly enfranchised have ever failed to show their appreciation of the party enfranchising them by giving it support, or their enmity to party opposing their admission to the electorate, by voting against it. "The indifference or opposition of Democratic states, which would prevent or defer the ratification of this amendment 80 as to withhold from women the right to vote in the next presidential election would not only incur the displeasure of women who have the right to vote, but would also incur the opposition of that large class of male voters who are in favor of equal suffrage. Wherever equal suffrage has been granted in a state it has the effect of making the male voters of the state adherent of equal suffrage, for not to give their adherence would be political suicide for them." From interview with Capt. Frank S. White, former United States Senator from Alabama.

WHAT EVERY WOMAN KNOWS. That any work that needs doing is woman's work. When the men are late coming home from market she does the chores. When they are busy with the hay she milks the cows When an extra hand is needed with the harvest she helps in the field. And she knows that her dignity does not su er and that she loses none of her When the taxes are due she draws on her butter and egg money hidden away in the blue sugar bowl.

To help pay off the mortgage she spends long winter evenings putting patches Does on this the not boys' prove trouserthe farmer and his wife are partners? They work together. Why not vote together? Democratic Party Consistently Endorses Movement In-National Campaigns of 1918 and 1920 NATIONAL CONVENTION ASKS FOR RATIFICATION Suffrage Plank Adopted at San San Francisco Unequivocally Urges North Carolina Ratify Amendment; National Committee Appealed To Demo cratic States To Call Special Sessions To Give Women Right To Vote In Next Na. tional Election; Chairman Homer Cummings Among Its Ardent Supporters BUSINESS WOMEN NEED THE BALLOT Resolution Favoring Amendment By Federation of Business Women's Clubs When the North Carolina Federation of Business and Professional Women met in Greensboro on June 10th, a resolution was adopted, and adopted unanimously, by that body of women, asking that the Legislature of North Carolina when it met in special session to ratify the Federal Suffrage Amendment. Business women are in earnest with reference to equal suffrage. They realize the necessity of having a vote.

It is not a question with them of rushing to the polls to take part in an all-day voting contest (for we usually keep the shop open while the others are spending the day at the polls, and have long since decided that it will not take us all day to vote) but they are out in the world to provide for themselves, and in ninety cases out of one hundred to provide for a family Many a business woman is supporting mothers, brothers and sisters--quite often fathers also--those who are not physically able to provide family, and in many instances unfortunate and for, their, worthless parent. If they are to be the providers for the family, why should they not cast vote for the family! Who represents the woman in instances where she is supplying the wants of fatherless children! Who no looks after her interests? If capable of providing the necessities of the family, why not capable of casting a vote? My experience as a business woman has shown me clearly the necessity of woman having a vote. It is nothing but justice that we should vote. Then why deprive us of this great justeie? It is useless to say women do not want to vote. These business women in Greensboro expressed their desire to vote--other federations of women have done the same thing.

We hear men say women do not want to vote-but are they expressing the of the women or their own opinion? More often than not they are expressing their opinion and not the woman's desire. When you undertake a canvass of how women stand on the question of equal, suffrage (if they have an opportunity to express their opinion without letting their husband know it) you will find a large majority of the women express themselves as wanting to vote or have an opportunity to express their opinion as to how the laws under which they live are to be made. When a woman is capable of doing the same work as a man, why should she not receive the same compensation for her work! Why should a woman stand the same civil service examination a man does--perhaps and quite often does get on her paper than the yet receive a position with much less compensation for the work than the man receives. It has been decided by able and intelligent thinkers that women have jnst as much brain as men- -but there is a difference only. in that man's brain is along the fighting line and that of a woman along the line of protection.

This was poited out fo us by a young woman from Columbia at the meeting in Greensboro--this was not her opinbut the result of much study on the part of brilliant people. It is admitted by all that women are necessary in every business- not only does her work but she does the housekeeping for the, office. We all know the difference appearance and atmosphere of any place of business where women are not employed- there is the little touch that she always on Page Two) President Wilson voted for woman suffrage in New Jersey in 1915. Ha spoke for the National A American Woman Suffrage Association in 1916. By public declaration, he helped the New York victory in 1917.

His cabinet, excepting Robert Lansmg, Secretary of State, had all declared themselves for woman suffrage before the final New York State vote on suffrage in 1917. On February 12, 1918, the executive committee of the Democratic national committee endorsed the Federal suffrage amendment. On February 24, 1918, the Derzocratie national congressional committee placed itself on record as being in favor of submitting the Federal suffrage amendmentOn October 10, 1918, Representative Scott M. Ferris, chatrman of the Demtheocratic Congressional committee, claimed that the Democrats had gained these four important steps for woman suffrage: A committee was appointed on wom4 an suffrage; Suffrage passed by the House by two thirds vote; Suffrage lacked but two votes of having two-thirds in the Senate; The President went to address the Senate in person for suffrage. On February 27, 1919, the National Democratic committee endorsed the Federal suffrage amendment.

On July 1, 1919, Homer S. mings, chairman of the Democratic national committee, said: "I am strongly in favor of prompt ratification of the Federal suffrage amendment, and I hope that a sufficient number of State Legislatures will be called in special session to insure the ratification of the amendment so that the women of our country in every State may be able to participate as voters in the presidential election of 1920." Suffrage plank (adopted at San Francisco-, July, endorse the proposed nineteenth amendment of the Constitution of the United States granting equal suffrage to women. We congratulate the Legislatures of 35 States which have already ratified said amendment, and we urge the Democratic Governors and Legislatures of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Florida, and such States not yet ratified the Federal suffrage amendment to unite in a neffort to complete the process of ratification and secure the thirtysixth State in time for all the of the United States to participate in in the fall election. We commend the effective advocacy of the measure by President Wilson." Democratic National Committee, May 3, committee calls on Legislatures of the various States for special session, if necessary, to ratify woman suffrage, when the constitutional amendment is passed by Congress, to Perhaps PERHAPS, if you paused to consider that when the government extends the privilege of voting to a citizen, it only says to him, "We do not compel you to appear at the polls, we simply give you the liberty to vote or not to vote, as you may desire," but when the government refuses the privilege, it says, "we compel you to remain away from the ballot box; whether you wish to vote or not to vote, you shall not," you would see that woman suffrage is only one phase of the eternal warfare for human liberty. PERHAPS, if you knew that every excuse offered for the disfranchisement of women, had done service in turn for every proposed reform in women's conditions, viz: the higher education, property control, public speaking, the right of organization, you would the more readily perceive that each excuse is but the shadowy creation of unreasoning prejudice set up to affright the morbid imagination of the timid, and you would not be frightened.

PERHAPS, if you knew that the over-whelming testimony from the most prominent, responsible and respected citizens of the suffrage States, agrees that woman suffrage has resulted in better candidates for office, cleaner polling places, quieter elections, and improved legislation, and that women have grown more intelligent, self-reliant, respected and womanly under its influence you would feel it your duty to work that such results might come to all States..