The San Bernardino County Sun from San Bernardino, California • Page 42

D4 The Sun TUESDAY, October 7, 1986 "EDamiloff: Time dragged as he sat in Lefortova prison cut off all my contact with the outside, with Ruth. But I did not develop any bond with Sergodeyev. It was always unpleasant. It may sound strange, but now that I am out of the Soviet Union there is a great feeling of loss. I've been a journalist now for nearly 30 years, nine of them in the Soviet Union.

I have friends there, Soviet citizens, who are as close to me as any friends I have anywhere else in the world. They are ordinary, real people. Some of them are heroic. Being forced to leave there the way I did poses a question as to whether I will ever be able to go back. I never had any illusions about the KGB.

And the Soviet system of government it's one from which its own people try to run. And yet what happened to me doesn't and can't change my sense that it is very important for the Russian people and the American people to put their relations on a stable basis. We've got to get to know each other better. Since getting back my freedom, since I've come back home, I've read a couple of stories leaked out of the State Department to the effect that they had to do a deal to get me out of prison because I was weakening in prison and perhaps developing the Stockholm syndrome a sense of bonding with my captors. That's not true.

I didn't lose my marbles. I didn't weaken. Those feelings of despair and helplessness I had from the beginning. Right then I said to myself, "My God, what a fool I have been ever to have gotten into Soviet studies and to learn this language and to have been interested in this country!" It was totally conceivable that I was going to be in the pokey a long time; I knew the minimum sentence for espionage was seven years. I answered the interrogator's questions, and I did not behave obstinately, because I knew that the KGB could make my conditions much worse and might well Continued fromD1 as a stimulant.

Stas, like many prisoners, kept a box of garlic and onions under his bed to break the monotonous diet. Time dragged. But Lef ortovo is reputed to have the best library of all the prisons in Moscow. Somebody told me later that it was because many of the volumes were confiscated from intellectuals and scientists who had fallen out of favor during the Stalin era. I ordered several books from the library catalog.

The one that I spent some time reading was by Victor Hugo, called "The Little Napoleon," published in Russian. But I found that sometimes I would just stare and stare at a page; I couldn't absorb it. As time went by I began to feel more at home. Lefortovo prison was built in 1880 in honor of Catherine the Great, so Stas said. It's in the shape of the letter for "Katya." All the paranoia endemic in the political prison focused at the intersection of the lines in the K.

There a guard who stands watch with a red flag and a white flag signaling down each hallway, regulating traffic so that no prisoner sees any other as he is moved. Guards escorting prisoners snap their fingers loudly as they approach the intersection, colleagues to keep their charges out of sight. It's totally effective against conspiracy even the conspiracy that might be implied by a smile or a wink. But all of this was dead routine. My heart leaped only when I received visitors my wife Ruth, my son Caleb, my editor-in-chief Mortimer Zuckerman.

They were my lifeline. Through them I learned of the extraordinary reaction on my behalf. Ruth told me that President Reagan had mentioned my case publicly and had written General Secretary Gorbachev that I was not a spy. That cheered me. I told myself something was going to give.

I recognized I wasn't being treated as an ordinary Soviet prisoner. The commandant of Lefortovo, Alexandr Mitrofonovich Pe-terenko, visited our cell twice daily. He ordered top sheets to go with the bottom ones. Camel-hair blankets replaced the usual thin ones. When medical checks confirmed my chronic hypertension, I got close attention.

They decided they were going to measure my blood pressure three times a day, and the doctor was a very human and pleasant character. The nurse came to my cell twice a day, and she was a very pleasant, decent Russian girl. I was put on a special diet. Doctors said it was for blood pressure, but since it contained added portions of meat and two glasses of milk daily, I judged it was to fatten me up. Even though conditions got better that second week, the interrogations stayed intense.

They were always serious business, and at times KGB Col. Valery Dmitro-vich Sergodeyev rebuked me for not joining him in a joke. "When are you going to smile or tell a joke?" he asked. "Why do you always look at me as if I were pointing a pistol at you?" I replied, "Because you are." Over and over I repeated that I had been unable to join any branch of the U.S. government when I finished college in 1956 because of my blood pressure.

This EARLY-BIRD SPECIAL 4 P.M.-6 P.M. VEAL-CUTLET BEEF LIVER ONIONS you tonight. We would like you to call the charge d'affaires at the American Embassy, who will outline the conditions." Finally all was ready. At Lefortovo and in New York diplomats signed the counterpart assurances. I met Ruth and U.S.

Charge d'Affaires Richard Combs. Moments later I was escorted to a room where I picked up the things that had been taken from me 13 days before. We walked out to the ambassador's limousine at 8:47 p.m. I was free from prison, but I was not yet a free man. Even at the American Embassy in the comfortable apartment they gave Ruth and me in the north wing, we had to be careful.

We had to assume we were watched. These apartments are not secure; they can't be. Any time, one of the Soviet employees of the embassy can take a key and go in on grounds of fixing the plumbing or something. One time a Soviet maintenance person was seen coming out of our apartment. We had to assume they bugged it.

There was no prohibition on my going out alone, but I only did that once, driving the car to the bureau. I got stuck in traffic and was about half an hour late arriving and everybody got terribly upset. After that, whenever I'd go out for 5-to-10-kilometer runs along the Moscow River, I'd go with various people in the embassy. I did not have a sense that people were closely watching me, but there were a couple of occasions when we saw a car driving close behind. The thing about surveillance in Moscow is that they are so well plugged in with informants everywhere that they can check you without really seeming to be hounding you.

During this time Ruth and I developed what you might call a strategy. We were opposed to a trial being held for the reason that I considered myself innocent, and in the Soviet Union courts don't often acquit somebody who has already been charged. So I was not going to cooperate in the trial. My body might be physically present, but I was not going to speak in my defense or answer questions. But at the end I would get my last word, a statement attacking the entire thing as a farce.

We talked a lot about our strategy over international telephone lines and other places where we hoped that the ears would pick it up to discourage the KGB from pursuing the idea of a did no good. Obviously I was a spy because I had delivered to the U.S. Embassy an unsolicited letter, addressed to the American Ambassador, that had appeared in my mailbox in 1985. I presumed the letter came from a Father Roman, whom I believed was a KGB agent provocateur. I answered some questions about what I knew of Father Roman, and then I refused to have anything further to do with the matter.

"What should I have done?" I demanded. "Ignore it?" The colonel finally suggested in effect that I simply should have told the father to bug off. Listening to such accusations for as long as four hours at a session inevitably has an effect. Without friend or legal counsel I felt increasingly vulnerable. I never served in the military.

I had no training in how to behave as a prisoner, how to resist interrogation. I was not a lawyer either, or versed in the niceties of the Russian criminal procedural code. I felt I had nothing to hide, and so I answered questions truthfully. But I resisted talking about third parties and tried to divert attention to blind alleys. With time I felt I was digging my own grave each time I opened my mouth.

During a second visit with Ruth I remarked that an interim step might be the release of (accused Soviet spy) Gennadi Zakha-rov and me to the custody of our respective ambassadors. I was reflecting what seemed to be a certain symmetry in the two cases. The Soviets had created it. I never favored a direct exchange. It was extremely distasteful that I should be equated with a spy.

What I envisioned, as I assessed my situation in my cell, was an interim step that would give diplomats a chance to work out an acceptable resolution for both sides. As time passed I realized that political wheels were turning. I scanned Pravda anxiously to see if Soviet-American arms meetings were continuing. I never thought I would be sprung quickly. I had only slight inklings that something was up on Friday, Sept.

12. 1 had expected to be called back for afternoon interrogation but was not. Instead I was given lots of time in the rooftop exercise cage. Then at 7:30 p.m. I was summoned.

When I walked into Room 215, I met an unknown, white-haired official, seated by Sergodeyev, who told me formally: "Gospodin Dani-loff, a political decision was made at 3 p.m. this afternoon to release FILET Served with soup or mashed potato and The GOURMET It EST A II A IV 14 15 E. HIGHLAND AVE. SAN BERNARDINO 883-2613 SAN BERNARDINO 173 E. 40th St.

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