Vancouver Daily World from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada • Page 6

6 THE VANCOUVER VVOKLD Saturday, January There are between two and three millions of these nrf tVinit ictla rcrA will Via Ffapta ft Arbor Day Talks No. 9 15y John Davidson, F. L. t'omriirr Arbor Day Committee. there, and we must expect a steady anti Ally policy in Washington as the German fortune decline.

Switzerland. Spain, Sweden and the Tope will doubtless all take hand in the armistice plot. Cine practical question is, what steps Wilson can take The World takea no short of going to war. which at this stage is im for uuy ooiniou exoreaaed In letter: to possible, so that at the end of three months most of them will be free to follow other employment. The army cannot be disposed of so summarily, however.

It is calculated that its millions cannot be disbanded more rapidly than 5.000 men a day. and at this rate over two years win be required for demobilization. As to the proposals for absorbing these enor probable in a pacifist president, though pacifists liultor. letter lacking name ana nddrcaa will uc vouaiiiered. whose amour propre hus been wounded, are apt to KKtabllahrd September 20, 1SSS.

I'ublinfaefl fcvery Duy Except Junilaj, at US Hastings Street est, by T1IK WORLD LIMITED JOH.V LLSO Jlacaglng Uirfctor I become more pugnacious than pugilists. War with capital I'IMSHilKST, England would always be popular in wide Anglo To EdltoI. of Xhe world: I phobe circles across the Atlantic, but war with rti r. I these days of agitation for I France, to sav nothing of war with Belgium, would prison reform may 1 ask if the time not he now. Short that what is an irate nresi has not arrived when capital punish mous numbers of people into the labor market the I suggestions are made that each munition worker SI BSfHIPTlOX RATIOS: Br carrier in Vancouver.

N'ortb Vancouver. South ment. this relic of baroarism, snouia dent to do? National Review, London. auoilsnei in any country claiming Vancouver. Point Grey anil New Westminster J5.no In the preceding talks we have discussed the diffc.

en es between the various kinds of cone bearing trees. These differences were based largely in botanical features and are therefore all the more reliable. Many of the characteristics given are not taken into account bv the experienced woodsman. There are many other points whieh you will gain by familiarity with the after you know what to eall them. For example, some persons tell the different kinds of "cedar by chewing a small portion of tne shoots, tho taste is quite distinctive, but one can not describe them with sufficent accuracy to enable vou to Identify them by taste.

Then, again, the bark of most trees is very characteristic, but though one gave a minute description of the bark of each species in the young and old conditions. It Is unlikely that you aO .10 12 Months Un advance! i Months in advance) Weekly By Mail Invariably to Advance! to be a Christian I The deatli penalty is a cruel Inven i tlon of caste. A penalty so severe as i not to be enforceable has a basic ob jeetlon; it produces unrest to have a Itui? rmnmrM mrh rnrrn i.00 12 Months Monthly shall receive the same consideration as each soldier, (1) A leave on full' pay; (2) Free transportation to any place in the United Kingdom selected by the worker; 3) Unemployment benefit for twelve months; and 4 Full use of the labor exchanges and other organizations for obtaining fresh employment free of charge. suggestions as these are very likely to be adopted by the government. The problem of returning millions to their normal employment is so Inited State Ratea: jii ILd I WWVJJfp I U' i IVIU 1 1 constant miscarriage or justice, a wealthy malefactor, an influential murderer, a powerful assassin cannot go free In a community where paupers and friendless foreigners are hanged, 12 Months $6.00 .50 Begbie Monthly etitmluster Off! H.

Lovtck, No. 15 without the people acquiring a eon The time has come, the Walrus said, To talk of many things. Lewis Carroll I claim thai wneu 1, I th ff.nl, I uvnl.l Knu'llvllicr A 11 ft With 1111 particular moment Insane. but the i other and Hastings Street, January 6. li 1 1, UT it is certain you could not them till next Saturday, Spruce.

THE Briton has had to give up a good many not f'jt to live." May I just be per great that proposals that give any indication of success will receive sympathetic hearing, Canada will, of course, have the same problem I on a smaller scale; it is full time that she. too. Street Phono Hit. orth Vunrouver W. S.

Thomas, 3 Lonsdale Avenue. Phone Vancouver 525 R. South Vancouver A. Webster, 4Pth and Fraser. Cedar Cottage W.

F. Fish Tram Station, Cedar Cottage. Subscribers In ordering change of nddress should be particular to Rive both new and old addresses. To uuarantee our nlBht service, in the eent of the regular earlier having failed to deliver The World, it is essentiul that vou telephone the local office eariier than o'clock, as it la diftlcult to obtnln nicsscngera after iliat hour. things he enjoyed "before the war, but the I mitted to ask the state is 11 quits In jeallnr with our natHe spruces, public dinner still takes place.

If London, Victoria I su." lle llthnritv for however, especially our more com i this leprous outcropping of the dark interior, one can furnish a method of ages, I claim that the slate has not dl identifying them bv the sense of vine authority for the death penally, touch. "enablinK you to identify spruce I those who clamor most for capital pun though blindfolded. i ishmeni deduce their severity from the The needl.s of spruce are very Bible and yet it is the Biple rijMd owing to the development of fh.it nn mnn Kh.illlil he nut In i llt iirulpr the skill. or Vancouver were laid in ruins, the policy of reconstruction would, very properly, be discussed at a public dinner. Such a function has been the foundation stone (no reflection on the viands) on which somo of our most noble and useful organiza tins have been built.

gave consideration to what is involved in it. The Appeal to the Vatican THE appeal of Germany, through Austria Hun gury's agency, to induce the Vatican to use I death. i which in turn has a thl' water proof on Can we ever forset that Cain was coat of a substance called cutin "The Army and Navy" has been toasted (in non tip of the leaf guilty of the worst of crimes, 'brutal, i the surface. At the its influence in favor of peace is only what might this cutiiious substance forms a hard be expected. It is the method of Bismaick all over I passionate, fratricide and that by the laws of Canada he would be hung amid 1 the execrations of our very r.gnteous community who would not raise a fin ger to reprieve in such a case, but would clamor for the hangman "to do his duty" on the ground that "such a monster ought not to live." 1 And yet the infinite pity of God I aiconouc Iiuias) hi many puonc gaineriugs In times of peace this toast has been given in a formal, perfunctory manner, but with the array and navy making history, defending our lives, I liberties and comforts, speakers have lately taken I the opportunity cf giving1 tersely as an after dln ner speech needs, some very telling and vital bits I of information.

From speeches recently made I have gleaned facts worth remembering, worth, in my humble judgment, a very wide publicity. again. During the Franco Prussian war of 1ST0 while France was still heroically resisting. Italian troops entered Rome and put an end to the temporal possessions of the Roman Catholic Church. Bismarck saw his chance.

He proposed through an intermediary that in return for I'russia's support PEPRESEXTATn ESl W. E. Smith. 39 Canada Permanent Toronto Street. Toronto.

Knill Chamberlln Hunter. 1n2S Peoples Jaa Building. Chicago, 111., and 225 Fifth Avenue Xew York Citv, sole ayents in the United States. F. A.

Smyth, representative for Great Britain, Ludgate Hill, London, E. TELEPHONES i Private exchange connecting all departments. Day Call Sey. 4M6 After 6:30 pjn. Circulation Editorial lv Advertising sey.

The World la an Independent newspaper. It serves bo party, neither doea it uphold any "special Inter eat" political, civic or financiul. It 1 a people newspaper, and lta policy la to safeguard far aa Ilea In lta power, the Interests of the people, against all attempt at encroachment 4 onatruetivelr, it accord full aupport to every movement for the aoclal or material benefit of British Columbia. It alms at reliability In it uew, honesty In lta advertising, accuracy In lta comment and fearlessness in lta criticisms of men, parties, principle or event. shielded Cain from the vengeance of pitiless men, and with a protective mark upon his forehead he was sent out.

iv i hi an express command that no man should injure him. And no church dares to sav that for the papal cause, the Vatican should use its in 1 Trince Hohen fluence with the French clergy to induce them to do all they could in the direction of peace. His I fl i tlia hA. Take "our first line of defence." lohe told us that it was "with glee' that Germany winning cf murderers, has not a seat eff.M"u vr, Britain." i now in heaven of the blessed, and yet, me iuuu ii iuwi uo anything i challenged the decrepit sea power ot tndav if Cain were to come to civil ci me Mini lor ic mistrustea me "man of blood and "ha. i Wli it niiM :m.i Nelson sav to iron.

Besides the French clergy were too patriotic our n0er'' of todav? Would they say. "Oh! to play traitor to their country's interests ber of openings, through which midge flies euic rgeu. nut, it you obtain a last seaso.rs call with no openings, place it lu a glass preserving jar with the lid on and watch the result; you will find that lu a comparatively short time, according to temperature and other conditions, a swarm of inidve fiies will uialvo their appearance and you will see the; openings through which they emerged. Chiloreii can be asked to look out for these galls ami have them plai ed in a jar in tne school windows for future observation ipruce uccptlhle. The susceptibility oi spruce to the attacks of these Insects prevents on lecommendlns the use of this tree lor beauiificatioa.

unless vou ensure tiiat ample provision is madu to encoiu uo a vigorous growth, tor, as a rule, unhealthy trees are more, liable to attack than robusi ones, this is one of the reasons why so many trees in Stanley Park are affected. It is nut necessary, however, to go there t'oi specimens, there are other places piaces where grading, etc. has Intc lcred with the natural environment, resulting In checking the vigor of previously robust plants and increasing their susceptibility to attack. ftpruce is largely used In the manufacture of sashes, doors and boxes. It is also used for various articles or' parts of furniture, agricultural implements, coffins, signs, fixtures, elc.

I he vast bulk of spruce imported bv the prairie provinces Is either Engel' reann or Sitka spru e. and Is obtained from British Columbia, this alone results in considerably over HOO.UiiO coming to British Columbia. In every province in the Dominion with the exception of British Columbia. ihe principal tree used for pulp wood is spruce. in British Columbia hemlock apparently takes the place of spruce.

This is not owing to the absence of this tree, but Is due to the tact that there are no pulp mills operating in the Interior of British Columbia where Engelmann spruce forms almost pure stands. Spruce is the principal tree used throughout Canada in the manufacture of lath; here again British Columbia Is an exception. Douglas fir being used as a suoslitute. which has Cue advantage of costing much less than spruce lath. Although spruce is an Important asset to our province.

netting approximately per year It is not intended that vou should go away under the impression that it is the most important. As a matter of fact, spruce constitutes only 5 or per cent, of lie total lumber' cut per annum in British Columbia Dougl.cs fir constitutes about two thirds or near 70 per cent, of the total lumber cut annually, meaning a revenuo of, many millions of dollars. Value of Kve I'Kreru. We have now completed our discussion of evergreen coniferous trees. From an economic point of view many of them are valuable; from a horticultural point of view most of them may be utilized as ornamtntal species in planting large areas o'' ground, hut no one vvith even an elementary knowledge of landscape work would suggest their use as shade trees.

They certainly do give shade, but evergreens are not classed as shade trees They may be re.ommended, however, as screens; that Is where it Is desired to hide some obpectlonable feature in the landscape For example, you may have a beautiful view from your window, but the view is marred bv some dilapidated structure or area of waste ground. By discreet use of some of the species we have discussed you may be ahle to improve your view hv planting an attractive tree to hide the eyesore. Evergreens are often planted on the north or east sides of grounds as wind breaks to afford a certain amount of protection from cold winds, thus improving conditions In the garden or grounds for the hencft of other leir hardy species. One has to exercise Judgment as tn what species to plant according to the nature of the soil, exposure and other local conditions, but among our native trees we have an ample selection to chouse from. Xnture Mudy for All.

Next week I propose to take up the diHcussion of some of our native deciduous trees, including some of the greatest value as thade and ornamental trees Seeing that these will be more directly associated with Arbor Pay vvoi k. 1 hope to Include some nature study hints of value to teachers and parents. We want to set Ihe children Interested In the common thinas around them including our native trees hut without the co operation of teachers and parents it will be difficult, whereas with their Interest and co operation we shall all benefit by discussing and examining some of those common trees we have, so long admired In hut a casual wav Arbor Day talk No. appeared lii this paper last Saturday what a filling off is here' if they were able to compare our fleet of today with the fleet with which they "fit and licked" the Armadas of Spain and France. sharp point.

These two features, tne Held leaves and the hard sharp point are sufficient to enable one to identify the tree by slmplv taking a firm grasp of a leafy twig in one hand. Try this at the present time of year and let ine know how long you think you can remember it. There are four different kinds of sprucp in different parts of the province: the common one around Vancouver and along the coast is plcea sitcliensis, the Sitka spruce. Like most conifers. It Is referred to under other names, but Sitka spruce Is the correct one.

The common t.pruce in the interior, that is. east of the Cascade or coast range, is Picea lOngel mamil. the Knuelinaim Spruce, called after a botanist of that name. lllack Spruce In Xorth. Another species common in northern regions is Picea mariana.

the black spruce: this may be distinguished by its small cones, rarely much more than one inch in length It is a small tree of coinpai atihciy little economic value in British Columbia. Then on the slopes of the Rockies In certain parts ot British Columbia we find Picea canadensis, the Canadian spruce, one of several species to which the name White Spruce is applied. To the majority of people In British Columbia the first two species. Sitka and Kngeltnutin Spruce are most familiar. Both grow to be larzc trees of commercial value.

In some parts of the province they form almost pure forests, though they are more often associated with some of the firs, pines and cedars. The common species in our neighborhood has its leaves somewhat flattened or convex on the upper surface, with a well defined midrib like a keel on the lower. The leaf is sllghtlv ized Canada, he would br. hounded to the gallows as a monster not worthy 1 of having spent upon him the pittance which cust of one extra prisoner would entail, and yet it is the Bible which I declares that Cain should not be hanged. I I ould express too.

the striking fact i that were Moses to land upon these i shores he would land as a criminal who had committed a murder which is punishable by hanging: and when I January 6, 1911 SATURDAY There is a wider gulf between the old "Fighting Temeraire" of Nelson's day and the modern "War suite" than there was between Nelson's "Victory" 0f i read the story ot How Moses tooK tne pour Kgyptian and killed him and sur rentitiouslv buried his body and eov Bismarck's conclusion was that "the papal hierarchy lacked either the power or the goodwill to afford Germany assistance of sufficient value to make it worth while (for him to give umbrage to both the German Protestants and the Italian national party, and to risk a reaction of the latter upon the future relations between the two countries which would be the Inevitable result were Germany openly to espouse the papal cause in Rome." Bismarck was wrong In his estimate of the Curia's motives. The Vatican would not aid him because it knew Prussian methods too well. Today we may look for the same result to von Bethmann Hollweg's plottinps for peace. and the old Greek galley with three "banks' slaves plying "the laboring oar." I ered the place over ith sand so that his crime Nhould be hidden, and then went home and enl about his daily I duties with a serene face as If nothing i had happened. I recall similar murders that have taken place in Canada, and 1 remember the popular outcry about the callous brutality of the crime, and the hard hearted hypocrisy of the mur derer.

1 can picture from experience of similar eases that if Moses were to Britain's "decrepit" navy! A modern warship with eight 15 inch guns has more destructive power than an entire army corps. Nelson's "Victory" could fire her fifty eight guns in one tremendous "broadside" and the whole discharge would give about one half the "shock" of one 15 inch shell! I come to Canada today and ere to Editorial Notes repeat the crime hich he perpetrated broader than thick, so that when it i Is "roKen or cut across it Is prac puuiie would tomDine to ta aooui i diamond shaped. The cones are another brutal murder and to de (uite distinctive, especially the bract mand "the expiation of the crime i scales nieh hav what we call an upon me sc anuici. im cue iiyuflyimj entire margin, mat Is. they have no Is mat wouia ne nausea as a r.mges or niln minute serrations along the The United States Senate has declared in favor of an academic peace.

It approves of President Wilson's request to the belligerents to state the terms on which they will discuss a cessation of hostilities. It is clear the Senate has not yet grasped what the Allies are fighting for. common murderer. edge. EnKelmunn Sprnee.

Think of that and tell me what words would convey even a dim notion of the Grand Fleet's power as it deployed for action in that historic dusk off Jutland when Germany "cut and run" from its "decrepit" pursuer. Comparisons and contrasts. I love; they are as telling as "the deadly parallel." Had Prince Hohen lohe indulged in a few comparisons he would not have spoken of Britain's sea power cs "decrepit." Is cost any criterion? The "Warrior" of Nelson's day, with labor and material absurdly cheap, cost $1,750,000. The "Warspite" of a few years ago, with labor and material much lower than today cost twelve and a half million dollars! 1 take the. two striking cases because it is to "the law of Moses" which the modern pro hanger appeals.

To the Caesar of "the Mosaic Law" shall the pro hanger appeal. By thp t'aesar of "the Mosaic Law' shill the The Interior species has leaves which are four sided, so that when broken or cut across thee are prae t'cally square This difference Is well marked if you have an opportunity of cmparinc the two together. I would greatest of the worlds prophetic law givers be judged, and the majestic I be inatl tn know if there is any part of the province where both species are patriarch, "ho had moulded for good the destinies of millions of people and Sir Clifford Sifton having luckily secured a dividend of $30,000 from a supposedly unproductive investment, wrote to the Ottawa assessment commissioner offering to pay the additional income tax. Such an example of civic and personal virtue is so remarkable that surprise almost prevents us recording it. round in tile same neighborhood.

This the great races or men. would fall i species is generally regarded as nun. branded under the Statute Law of men east of, and the former common murderer not anada as a common worth keeping alive. i venture therefore to appeal, by the sacred mercy which spared Cain, and What a cardinal mistake Germany made when she assumed that Briiain's sea power was The Late Sir Frederick Borden SIR FREDERICK W. BORDEN, ex Minister of Militia, whose death is announced today, had a long and honorable record of public service.

His interest in the military affairs of the country may be said never to have slackened. As far back as 1869, at the age of 22, he was appointed assistant surgeon to the 68th Regiment and ever since he concerned himself with the advancement of the interests of the Canadian militia as few public men have done. Much of the credit that came to Canada for her participation in the South African war was due to Sir Frederick's share in the organization of the contingent that was sent overseas. He gave a personal pledge to the empire at that tragic time, his son, Lieut. Harold L.

B. Borden, being killed in action. In the late years of the Laurler regime he did much to place the Canadian military forces on a sound basis and not a little of the remarkable work of the Militia Department in the last two and a half years may be traced to the efforts he made when in office. Two Momentous Conferences THERE are two momentous conferences being held in Europe today. They are both concerned with the war but in very different ways.

The Allies are holding a conference at Rome. Mr. Lloyd George and Lord Milner on behalf of the British Empire are meeting the representatives of the Entente Powers to devise plans for future victory and to draw up the general policy to be pursued. The Teutonic powers are holding a conference at the field camp of the Kaiser, wherever that may be. This conference, called a "war conference," is In reality a peace conference.

At least it is a conference to see on what terms peace can be obtained. There is need. Germany has practically shot her bolt in Roumania and has failed to subjugate that country or even to cause it to despair, aa witness the valiant "Declaration of Defiance" thei Roumanian government has ordered to be placarded in every town in the unconquered territory. Germany is starving. Austria and Hungary are in even worse plight: Bulgaria and Turkey are sick of fighting.

What is to be done? That is the problem that faces the military Junta that now rules In Berlin, Vienna, Sofia and Constantinople. The one conference seeks war without remisison or slackening; the other seeks only how best it may avoid war. Which of them shows the will to con quer the German used to be so fond of extolling? decrepit." She knew what ships we hud. so must by the Infinite power which tians .1. i formed Moses, to every one whose have assumed that the old patriotic spirit, ot Nel i heart for tnp H11(, wiiese son's sea dogs did not animate the navy of today, houI yearns over agonized to jook She thought our sailors, recruited from democratic with the eye of a sorrowing father the west of the Cascade Ranire The cones have the margins of their bract s.

ales erose. that Is, they are slightly fiinged with minute irregular serrations. Both these trees are beautiful trees for lands ape work, especially the latter, whica grows erect. C.perina to a spire like point, but unl'rtiinatelv both are liable to the attacks of a midre fly ifhermesl. which lavs its ecs the young shoots, causing peculiar malformations known as galls, these are often mistaken by novices for cones The galls are Interesting subjects for nature studv.

they consist of an aonorinallv enlarged portion of last year's tvviir and. as rule, a mass of dead needles which are often poorly developed. If you examine on old gall vou will find a' laree num free countries could not stand up against her are The most adequate comment on President Wilson's peace Note and the general bewilderment which exists as to its meaning, would appear to be that of the always acceptable Lewis Carroll: "If seven maids with seven mops Swept it for' half a year, Do you suppose," the Walrus said. "That they could make it clear?" "I doubt it," said the Carpenter, And shed a bitter tear. machines.

won trom tne misery or tne orutai passions which bind them as slaves, into the glorious freeeum of the sons I of God. There is greater joy in heaven over i one murderer vvho is converted than over ninety and nine murderers who i are hanged in their sins. Yours, ROBERT BICKERD1KE. tfHF trORLDl WIT OF l)flEmP0FP0m Montreal. THE PRICE OF MILK To the Editor of The World: jilr According to the Daily Telegraph of Dec.

12, 1916. Germany is in a bad fix on the food question. Among f.rti..r nrlvatinns I read that new milk 7nr BOTH FIGHTING I OK THE SAME UPPOSE Snake with threatening varies between and per quart. These among other harrowing i coils The exasperation felt in Great Britain at the attempts of the United States government to bring about a peace favorable to Germany is still being voiced In no uncertain terms. The Morning Tost, a newspaper of great influence amongst the well to do and the official classes, declares that American policy is dictated not by love of humanity but by fear of Germany.

"Considering that the United States," it says, "has declared Germany's methods of war to be illegal, we can only think of one illustration of their policy. It is that of the opulent banker who Is told by the members of a 'black hand' gang that unless he pays them so many thousand dollars, they will kidnap his child or murder his wife. He pays up in the name of humanity and civilization, and the 'black hand' gang is thereby strengthened for further outrages." conditions are supposed to indicate the early collapse of Germany. 1 should like to know whether the price of new milk, i.e.. certified milk, in Vancouver is governed by Germany submarine campaign or the tactics of local dairymen.

Twelve pint tickets cost $1.00, at which rate we arc paying nearly double the price for mill: compared with what the Germans The British Jack Tar of today needs to be a man whose courage is of sterner stuff than the heroes of Nelson's days. He faces a risk a hundred times as great. He needs the cool courage to meet death hurled at him from the unseen. He does not have the wild, reckless, mad inspiration which comes from looking in the face of an enemy thirsting for his life. A contrast.

Take six of the big fleet actions of our old French wars. "The Glorious First of June," the battle of the Nile, the battle of St. Vincent, Camperdown, Copenhagen and Trafalgar. Altogether these six greal historical battles cost Britain but 1500 lives! a In the great 'Battle of Trafalgar," the historic encounter in which Nelson lost his life, the theme of song, the inspiration of a score of great artists. Including Benjamin West, Daniel Maclise, c'iark son Stanfield and Turner, Pritain lost but 149 killed and 1200 wounded.

A directed, unseen assassin torpedo could bring as great disaster on our fleet today, and our men never get a "show" of a fight!" Yes! a crawling, sneaking submarine could do the mischief of tne fleets, of Spain and France a hundred years ago. To turn again to the men. Hawko and Nelson in their little cockle shells "took chances;" they pursued the enemy through darkness, dangerously near to foam lashed reefs in uncharted seas. Our men of today with a ship worth millions, that took from two to three years to build, with the population of a city on board, with men so tikilled that it takes six years to train a junior officer. Well! you would say our admirals today are more "cautious!" AS CLEAR AS PRESIDENT'S OTE.

LECTION time was drawing near and an enthusiastic politician was addressing his constituents in a frenzied speech. Not a few of hi assertions, reduced to cold thought, were diametrically opposed to one another, but each proposal was received with applause. A judge turned to his companion and said: "This reminds nie of the Irish leader who was cheering his men on to battle. taid he, 'we are on the verge of battle, an' I want to ask ye before ye start, WH veii fight or will yez 'We came a chorus ot eager replies. "'Which will ye do?" savs he.

We will says they. 'Aha, thank ye, me says he. I thought yo SUGGEST CHANGES CABINET POSITIONS Hung o'er a Thrush's nest, And while the Thrush against its toils Was battling her best An angry Owl cried "Twit to whoo! You've spoiled my sleep! For shame! The objects of each one of you Are virtually the same." Suppose a Hoodlum who has felled A woman and a child, By angry citizens is held When o'er the tumult wild A voice is heard, "This hullaballoo Must stop you're all to blame. The objects of each one of you Are virtually the same!" Suppose when Tell, the patriot Swiss, Shot at the apple tied To his son's head, and knew to miss Would mean infanticide, Suppose some yodeler had a fit And yelled as Tell took aim, "Too loodle loo! Whate'er you hit "i'is virtually the same!" are. Germany can at least reflect that she Is being blockaded by her enemy's fieet.

the largest the world ever saw. But we are In the rather Ignominious position of being blockaded at our br.ck doors by our own milkmen. L1CLAND F. GRIBBLE. Vancouver.

Jan. 5, 1916. CANADIAN I'ATHIOTIC FIND. Subscriptions received and acknowledged January 4, 1917: G. Tallamy, H.

O. Macdonald (m), 2: V. W. Mitchell inn. E.

llollins (ml, John Buth On), J. A Grierson (in), $3: Employees. Canada Fairbanks Morse Co. Ltd. (m).

Employees, O. B. Allan (m. $26.60 Alfred Shaw un), Employees. Letson Burpee tin).

u. N. Staff (m. VlO.50; K. E.

Coleman mi), 10; K. Howie (in), Vancouver Map Blue KING CONSTAXTIXE'S DEFIANCE IT has been obvious for months that King Con stantine was a German puppet and would turn on the Allies when he could. But Lord Grey of Fallodon, being in feeble health a fact which everyone will regret never grappled resolutely with him in time. Action has been taken at last, six months too late. In May it might have saved Roumania and cut Germany's Balkan artery.

Now it achieves nothing and brings a fresh embarrassment. Daily Mail, London. Aye! but they are of the breed of the old sea "I am I Print Co. (mi, Craig Taylor Lum dogs. They could say with Ben Jonson 54 Teachers' Federation for B.

C. THE teachers of British Columbia have formed a federation for the improvement of the status of their profession and for the bettorment of education generally in the province. Such an association was badly needed and the wonder is that it did not come into existence long ago. The new body does not aim at benefiting its members so much as co operating in improving the existing system of education and in removing admitted defects. It realizes how important it is that national character should be moulded In the schools and it points with satisfaction to the manner In which the sons of Canada, largely the product of the schools of Canada, are acquitting themselves on the battlefields of Europe today.

It knows, however, that the future will bring greater problems than any of the past, that the war will bring about conditions not previously experienced and that teachers will have responsibilities which they have not hitherto contemplated. The new federation is a praiseworthy effort to meet these changes and responsibilities. It must not relax Us efforts to make the teaching profession what it ought to be the equal if not the superior of any other profession. For teachers shape the plastic minds of the young and the young are the potential rulers of this Dominion and the keepers of its destiny, Teachers are the "makers of" the boys and girls who will make or mar the future. Their responsibility is therefore tremendous.

That they are preparing to accept that responsibility is a most hopeful sign. Indications Are That There Will be Some Moving Around at Ottawa. OTTAWA, Jan. 5. present indications re that the cabinet vacancy created by tha death of Hon.

T. (Jruis Cagrain. post inaster geneia.1. will lie filled by ihe transfer of Hon. K.

Patenauda, minister ot inland revenue, to that department, and the appointment of Mr. bpeaker Sevlgny to the latter portfolio. It is understood that Hon. P. IS.

Blondin, who has been suggested as postmaster general. Is opposed to changing his present portfolio of secretary of state. In succession to Mr. Kevlgny as Speaker. K.

N. Hhodes, the present Deputy Speaker, will be eleva ted to the post of first commoner, while Joseph Hainvilla, member for Cham bly, will likely take the Deputy (From The World of Jan. 6, 1892) The Canadian Order of Foresters is growing strongly in Vancouver. There was a largely attended meeting last night and steps taken to mane the local Foresters a very important body. The school board last night considered plans for a new building in the west end.

Vancouver's school population grows by leaps and bounds. The Vancouver Gas Company has more customers than It ever dreamed of. ber Company inn Arthur oburn un). Employees. Robertstm Codson Co.

Ltd. $25; J. W. Pavre (m. Trafalgar Auxiliary im).

A. II. Fleishman inn. W. H.

(tn), f.iu: Criekniay Bros. (3m), $13; A. F. Hughes mi) C. S.

Beattie un) $25; Staff, Henry Birks' Sons (m), T. M. Henderson (m) $15; Employees, Mutual Film Corporation of Canada, Ltd. (m), $10.50, Albert Kerr (in). $15; G.

G. McNeillle im), Norman Jessi man (8m). $16; Employees, Coast Lumber Fuel Co. (ml, $35; K. Mac Donald (4m).

$16; Garfield A. King Thos. K. Gray (m). Jno.

T. Van Schmidt (m). John P. Cameron un), $10; Johnston's Big Shoe House, Ltd. inn.

$40; A. Gittins (4m). Employees. Johnston's Big Shoe House, (ml $18; S. Slight (ml $2: R.

J. Were (nil Alex Marshall (Sin). $40; Karl Backeled (m), Alex Morrison (2m), E. Hubber (m) 60c; Dr. H.

Wood (m), R. Milne William J. Jecst (m) $3: Fmployees, Kelly Confection Co. (m), Miss Ralph (m), B.C. Employees Dominion nress Cnmuanv (ml.

fi7 Mia slrnii UNDERESTIMATED THE BRITISH WHEN, in August, 1914, Lord Kitchener coined the phrase, "For England the war will only begin in 1916," we smiled at him, since we believed that long, before then we should have resumed our peaceful occupations. But in the meantime wo have had to learn that we gravely underestimated the English as a nation. We know now that our teal enemy sits upon the Islands, and that he will ruthlessly employ every means to bring ua to the ground. The English will use winter days to fill all gaps and store up new and colossal supplies, which will enable them In the spring to expend many times more ammunition than they have now at their disposal. What we have to do is to turn all Germany into one colossal munitions factory.

Leipzieger Neuste Nachricten. like your tailor's needle I go through Drake, Jervis, Duncan, Nelson, Fisher, all wanted to "make a finish of the job," though the last ship and the last man had to be risked. No man attached to our "decrepit" sea power wants to "cease firing" until the enemy Is beat to a "frazzle. "Engage the enemy closer," was Nelson's signal. It is Beatty's when he gets the chance.

Peace! The pen, or rather the typewriter, prates of peace. We are growing laurels not olive branches for our "Tommies" and our "Jacks." We need white linen for our wounded, none for flags, and although President Wilson has failed to "grasp the situation" as Britain thinks he has, some of his countrymen have done so. Hear the veteran man of letters, William Dean Howells. "Britain must conquer because she is fighting against wrong. If it is wrong to build up a ruthless power by a tystem of world wide espionage, to fortify a bad cause by every art of treachery and deceit, and then to use that power with arrogant disregard uf all the international traditions, and all the laws of religion, and all the impulses of humanity, Germany is wrong and Britain is right and that is why we must wish Britain well." War Anniversaries The United States last year produced 1.8S4.044 tons of glasr sand valued at $1,606,640.

A year ago today a British submarine was sunk off the Texel. Two years ago today there was a thorough anticipation that there would be a permanent prohibition of the sale of absinthe in France. Presi Sudburv (in). $1: j. F.

Mends (ml I dent Foincare intimated that policy. Killed By Avalanches. GENEVA. Jan. 5.

Sixty persona Wfre killed or Injured by avalanches in lha Tyrol during December, according to Innsbruck newspapers The snowfall Is said to be the heaviest in many yeans. On the Brenner pass yestcrduy all acalanche killed 10 and in.iured 14 workmen who were clearing a ro J. Miss Peatherstonhaugh im) 50c; Mrs J. P. Maben im.

Mirs Jean Rutherford im). I T. Whitbeek (3m $3: Hon. Mr. Justice W.

A. Macdonahi mi) $10; Wm. Hepworth (m) MacDonald (in). 2: H. Muirhead Un) $5: Mrs.

J. A. Blnck (m), $2: Norman MacLeod (m). $10; P.urritt Bro thersim) $1: Staff, nod well Company (in), D. M.

Cameron (3mi, $7 n0; Wm. P. Powell (m), $lu: W. Wr.tt (m) Geo. T.

Wadds. Staff $26; C. H. Briston (m) $5: H. Falconer fm).

A. I. Stoddart (in), $10; Mrs. R. Blumberg (tn), $1: Miss May Hill (m), 50 cents; Miss Nellie Williams (m).

50 cents. I'RI SIDENT WILSON'S "GRATUITOUS OUTBURST." THERE was never a more gratuitous outburst than this note, which is believed to have been inspired partly by Potsdam and the Pope and partly by the international Jews of the Schiff and Speyer type. It should, however, redound to the advantage ot the Allies, as it will discount in advance any subsequent efforts made by the president on behalf of the beaten Boches. It has already done us immense good by uniting the Allies as they have never been united before, and in exasperating the entire Empire Into one resounding shout of The affairs of Europe concern President Wilson less than the American civil war Phone Seymour 9086 This is the Danger Season for Fires! Are you fully insured? We Write Fire Insurance In Sound Reliable Companies Dow Fraser Trust Co. 121 HAhTIXGS bTllEET WLSl' McKay Stallim, Hnrnuby.

And so at every gathering of Britons let us toast "The Army and Navy." They are fighting with the same old spirit for the same ideals as our soldiers and sailors had when Britain beyond the seas had hardly an existence, when it was for our Motherland they bled and died. The land That sober suited Freedom chose. The land where, girt with friends or foes, Demobilizing Millions in Peace Time ALREADY steps are being taken in Great Britain to make plans for the demobilization of the army and the munition workers when peace comes. The labor parties have given serious thought to the problems involved and some of their conclusions have a real value for us In Canada. It Is estimated that the number of persons now supported out of the Imperial government's funds who will be discharged after the war is approximately Probably by next year this number will have grown by a million.

This, it is stated, is nearly half the wage earning population of the United Kingdom. Demobilization of soldiers end wage earners will occupy several years, a be yinniny will 1)9 inad with nniu0n orkere. Trains In Collision. TAVISTOCK, Jan. 6.

Two Grand Trunk trains crashed Into each other here Friday morning, ca.ulng a loss of loO.OOO. The wreckage caught fire, completely bloeklna the line for Ui day. The crews jumped, one of the firemen being struck en his head and was unconscious far sev erai hours, but will recover. A man may speak the things he will. The city of Edinburgh.

Scotland, which leased its cable tramway lines in lSKS fur twenty erne years to' a private company, a' 7 per cent on an concern id us. because we, through unada and the And having tint; freedom of speech here, it is lining islands, are an Ainei nam saio in our puonc cuai Burn our Army i vested cap.ti.i of about six and a quar States is not an European power. However, we i and Navy have won victory Britain must be made I ter million dollars, propones at the ex have to deal with a persistent politician, who, hav I worthy in every way of the hacriflces made. pirat'on of the lease June 30 1919. to 1 sailors and soldiers in Kna iand are to Pe laught switch juard operating free, and engaged at the usual rate of pay under a scheme drafted by the Institute of Electrical Rniueers.

rvui hi luujd to the plow, will keep F. P. electric trolley system..