Lincoln Courier from Lincolnton, North Carolina • Page 1

if I 'ST: -J r- li lil 'SvIS' -i- THE PUBLIC GOob sHOULI) EVER BE RErERRED 6 PBIV PRIVATE ADVANTAGE. 3 Volume -5. North Carolina Saturday owning, November 3, 1849. NUMBER: 32. ma i the minor streams and, ravines into the fact trfat light particle of gold bs cried the.

old man, gtth a gleaming face. 1 don't forget those old chairs." Ah, now the secret was out. It waa xhe interest of the old chairs which maintained, the poor widow, i. She. was living upon the interest and compound interest pf a little friendly act done fifty years before, and it' sufficed for herself and daughter.

How beautiful is it to see how God blesses the operation of bis great moral law, Love tbr neighbor jV and we 1 should oftener 8ee it could we look into' the hidden pafhs. of 1-fW ad find that it is not se If interest, not riches, not fame, that binds heart to heart. The power of a friendly aci can do far more than they. Itis'these the friendly the neighborly kindness, the Christian sympathy of one towards another, which HUNTED AJID PUBLIStflSD WEiBKL, BY Tebms. Two pel annum, parable in dvnce payment be delayed months.

'A discount to clubs of 3 or more, Adveftisementa wiifbe iconapicuousry insert ed, at $1 pel square (14 lines) for the first, and 25 cents tor eacn. subsequent insertion 'She brld li Before Tliec. i The wide world is before Ihee, Go revel in its blaze; I-Life sunshine niti y' restore thee The smile ol bappy would not in thy bosom, One bitter thought should spring He iiKe ihe treasured blossom, That crear8 no sec et ti ng. i Soon every strong emotion I Shall droop within thy; breast; The fiercest storms of ocean. At last are lulled to restJ I I 4" And o'er the changed scene stealing A cheering beam -appears; Bo, in the or of Hope follows after lears.

The California GoEd Reeions. I The following article, prepared for the A Ita California, and inserted in that paper of ihe 31st of August the litest ''number received the S-ates- contain an excellent idiscript ion of ihe gold re gion in California, with a well-reasoned ibObory of i ta forma I i on, and some spec ulntiona on the future condition of that Terrttorv- Of all the treaties on Cafi-Tornia thai we seen, to our mode of thinking, by far the best. It is evidently the production of a sober-minded, practical, and very intelligent person, who ha thought well on the he treats. We commend it to the particular attention of our readers, and especially to those contemplating emigration to our rich Pacific posses-; sions b. It js now nearly two years since the discovery of the gold mines in the coun- trysnd et it is for the first time, we "can that- we" are able of give a cor- rect account of theman account that can betfiifed Heretofore, we havefieard nothing-but Arabian Night's etories about the gold region, drawn, if i pofisible, with more vivid colors than, even the Asiatic.

fancy could conjure up. The whole civilized world became electrified with these surprising stories and The, surface! of Uie cduhtrv. lookmff 5 from the ridge of Jhe. Snowy Mountains, which rrja Jbe trorh five to it thousand fee abpve the level, of, the, sea, isi broken op in ridges, giving direction to, the streams that separate, some est by iNoritiapa others. West by 'South, return? smaller, they get confused into hills, till finally they soften intoi the pfains enclosed by the two above men tinned The' plains, generally speaking, are covered with luxuriant grass, skirted along the rivers with oak timber.

As the hills rise vegetation becomes4 scantier. The range of mountains 1 in which gold is foundjs distinguished by a uni formity ot its vegetable kingdom, which is neither, meagre' nor very "abundant. The oak predominates here, only now a anotn.en retievea oy several varieties ol the puie family. As the "gold disap pears the reign of tie pine and the granite extends. depositaries of gold look universally more smiling to the beholder than their barren neighbors the former always have the figure described bv the line of beauty, the curved be they ever so precipitous as they frequently are a distiactiori never to be tost sight of.

1 he extent of these auriferous hills is1 greater- than the public know" or imagine, but not in the direction ic is supposed. They exf tend beyond the Sacramento and even Saii Joaquin, northwest of the former and southwest of the latter, bending towards the sea coast. Nay.4he same formation with more or less difference, runs alonjf the whole Pacific shores till it is lost in the southern portion of the Chilean gold nas not been. nor probably will be found uny where in equal abundance as in Upper Caltfornial I ms abundance is much, however, eXf aggerated by the heated imagination ol the public. is mt in the nature ol placer gold be durable long, A very ew years, wnen there will be many arms at work, will exhaust it; its oih gin is the guarantee of this fact.

Tne breadth of this auriferous region limns itself within the lines running north and south from forty to sixty miles from the Sierra Nevada and oo ihe west as the hills begin to eofen the plains. At some remote period in 'tne history of the globe, the same internal convul sions tnal heaved up the Sierra Nevada, have also upheaved the aurilerous hills; which at first presented a naked surjace to the atnosphenc changes, by the influences of which the quartz constantly breaking up, left free 1I19 precious metal on its surface, in the progress of time the same atmospheric influences caused to accumulate oh these hills, soils which grew deeper with every decay of vegetation till it. grew strong enough to support the majestic oak. The freed particles ot gold thus became covered by the soil and mixed up with, and ihe process ol the separation of the met al from the stone was arrested. How gold; was injected into the veins of quartz it is more than we can say, but tne lact ihatit waa so in a 1 quid state, is beyond question, as we see it adapt itself to the sides ol the stone in all imaginable forms, from the finest filament to the largest lump ever found with a most variedly indentified surface, filling up completely the crack ot the stone.

always tending to a rounded tear like appearauce, as is the else with all melt ing substances. When freed, external friction ot course modihes ns appear ance more or less hence we find it in rivers particularly, in fine Hikes, but when it is in larger bulk, it puis on plaiei like appearance as tt it were hammered out by the bands of an artizau as real- tt is by the. fre rueritly enormous weight of stones under which it is de posited. YY attr, tnal universal carrier, washing the sides ot the huls, brought the gold from the surface into (the- ra- vines and which its own weight facilitated the process. According to the strength of the cur rent of water, the weigh ol the particles ol gold, and the obstacles in the way, it isdenosited in one or another snot, the ugnier patiicies oi course noaimg away the farthest from their onirmat bttd.

As tht process ot gojd deposiuin has taken olacenn remote period of the deposttes, generally speaking. covered with greater or smaller oeptn; ot soil, sand, grave. and atones; btrictly spea- king, gold does not belong to the rivers, tt was washed irto them trorn jthe ad joining hills; hence it ts useless to lo-k lorgoiu oi ine ueau ui iuuso sireams, I tt ueo the neighborm" niiis are oot, ot the auriferous im.ure and we find thia lit 1 i itci corroooratta dv our personal ex- I aminatiou ohthe heads oi the reams -i I tne gold region. same rule holds 1 good, for the same reasons in regard to I the lower portion -ol a gold carrying 1 stream, except that is limned by tne the Sacramento. deposited a considerable diuance below their original source.

'-m) I he mode of deposit made clear, it wtll be qumlly clear that is not Inn every spot in this very aunferous region that we look for gold, which fact experience proves to be true or at (east it is noon every spot that we can find enough of it toAake it an object to bestow our labor op. iu. Hence it equally follows the limitation of the quantity of gold to be the rrynes as a general aggregate, however ffich ihev may lV (The first comers had tbo best cmo- ces to hit upon rich deposifes -but diggers the chances of falling upon virgiu depositee grow smaller, and they will have to be content, with what the others.through imperfection of their labor, have left consequently the' work becomes more heavy and lens profitable, although it may be jet sufficiently compensatory if the expenses of living- be not excessive.1 This is precisely alrea dy the case, the labor is much' harder this year than it was fast. At present there are not so many of those happy hits as formerly, although we yet hear now and then of a lucky. haul, wbicfa however, when it reaches the ears ot the pubhc.beitomea extremely distorted.

and particularfy ao when companies that have damned some spots of some of the rivers wish to dispose advantageously of their shares these easily find ready let ter writers who communicate the lucky event to the public through the; press. the accounts of successful! digging gold that went abroad never have been accompanied with statements of hard ship attending the process yet we are ee to con less that there is no harder abor than that of gold digging and washing this species of labor requires the strongest sinews inured to fatigue. Peculiar localities, with gene- rat discomfort attending upon he life in the mines, may make gold digging particularly irksome. Yet all this can be borne, and one labor may sdmeume? be crowned with a brilliant success. We have made the above statement wuh the view of laying the subject before these who may yet be novices in the matter, that they may.

understand their uwr case; we are far from discour aging the new aspirants alter the favors ot the dame fortune we tell them, take your chance, it may be a good one, but such and such circumstances 'are attending this courtship. Those from dis tant parts, who, on mere sound ot the discovery of gold in California, rush headlong, leaving very good business and comfortable living, canaot but rue ihe day, if they pat tneir sole depen dence upon their success in the mi ties. It they would come here with an inien-uon ot following some patient calling, they cuuld not but grow rich with. time. We have already plentv of miners a large number of them only diminifthes the' profits of all.

However, co.ne they must, for tney are bent oii iir" bo tue cousequeuces what they may. hen this gold mania ceases to rage, individuals will abandon -the mine; and then there wnl be a good opportunity lor companies with heavy capital to siep there wm be enough ot profi table work tor them; and it is then that tne country will enter on a career ot real progress and not till then. Such companies, with superior mechauical fa cilities to much labor, in a short apace, wilt be enabled to go over the wuoie mineral field, although already dug Over by individuals, and' reap et a rich re- wara ut ineir ertarts. when there will be no more gold washing to be done, then a new era in the ininiin' of the country will coimneuce we. nieau a reguiar system of mining by sinking sbaits into ihe very bowels ol the rocas wiirbe entered upon.

Spots tor this system of mining are to be found in. the aurilerous region. z. If we had a voice in the legislative halls of the Uuion, with the knowledgeef the whole country in the min eral region in particular we to gratify, no nen, nor set, ot men, we would the whole elevated put' lion ol the land enclosed by iheSacrdmeu' to and San into a et of lots to be sold to mining companies at a very moderate price. The tow lands or the plains of ihe same region, should bejli'- VKied into a separate vset ot, lo.s, to be sold to those only who wish to es(ablih themseives as farmers.

To avoid ail diujeutty and confusion 10 giving boun- uariea to these iott we would auout Ihe following plat: in the mining dis-trie is proper, tne elevated portion o. the land, every lot should have for its centre trie whole extent ol oue ut tne streams that fail either tuto the bacrauitotu ur baa Jdaqutu; the lateral boondiiriea these lots-wouid be" the rrigta ou both the XMorlU ana oouin side, that turn principle ones selected as centres of the lots. hese lots, unless they, are as large as this division would make them world not be worth the having; the land is worthless for any. oiher purpose ex cept mining; and if thia even should fail only means left for the unfbrr tunaie buyers to save themselves, would be to turn their attention to the making of turpentine, for find an extensive fiield. The other set of lots, tne low lancs.

should have for their bases the banks of the streams that run through the plains. There should be but two lots between Deiuhborintr reams. -so' that they would have the same due for their om-tnon boundary, while their respective btrses would rest on their, respective stirams. The reason lor such a division is, hat the central portion of the plain lying between two streams, gen- era ly is desutu of umber and water; xposed to the constant burning sun as and scorching wind, and consequently. offer ine no snot for a farm-bouse, tor .1 thelsame reason, this portion of.

the country admits only of a spare popular lion. whose, principal must be raising ol'Jive stock, as ibere is plenty grazing ground; escn farmer, how ever, must have a bank of a river to puthis residence upon. Id view' oi lb se circumstances, these lots should be made sufficiently large to euabte the tanner to devote his attention particu-laiy 10 the raising ol the live stock. Bj this arrangement the whole country 1 1 m. be bene fii ted the.

raising of five stock will be daily less ai tended to in he country South of San Francisco Bay, as the laud there admits oi smai-lersuodivisions for agricultural And it is there that farmeta will crfwd, as its climate, and" fertility ol tti4 soil, is favorable to the maintenance oik, dense population. jj3y the above disposition of the min eral region, we conceive, the couutry will be greatly benefitted. Tne mineral region being under tne sole coutrol pf mining companies, win exclude ail private adventurers? thus first, oenent-ting the commerce by checking tne unfavorable desertion of the Ciews ol its hipping and secondly prevennug an influx oi all sorts bt aavehtuieis into the coumry, whose presence is more ot a nuisance than benefit to auy country. Then a farming population, cured oi the gold mama, iu seek to euncn itself by sure means, the product of the soil, and will crowd to the Pacific snores. The arts will take a start, aver species of industry will be caned into existence; the surplus capital ot tne commerce will be devoted lo the development of the internal resources ut the country; nay, even cupitat from abroad may find an employment here; the com merce of the couutry will be put on a firm tooting, and will grow daily and steadily.

the liovernmeul liseii, thus rid of this bother ot California gold. wilt, find more leisure to do its duty io this newly acquired territory lu tine, tne country wiii grow steadily' in Pp-ulatmu, losireogih ot order and taw; and. the uusiuess lite will unavotda bly lull into its uatural and proper cuau uels. We migh have said something more upon the subject in hand; but. we have done for the piesent, hoping we have said enough io clear a little the vision of the public that eufle red use li to be blinded by the brilliancy ol the California gold.

At some tmure time we may have something to say upon tne practi cability of roads into and through the mineral region, as well as railroad tracks across ihe continent to tbePacific shores. and we believe we are lit nosaession of In do belter data than the government tUelt can command. But for the pres ent, ui forbearance for our leaders, we close. Short Slo ry. hen Mary and 1 were married we were young and loutish, for we had notbiug to be, married with, but Mary was delicate, and 1 thought 1 could take care of- her best.

I knew 1 had a stout arm and a brave heart to depend upon. We rented a chamber arid went to house keeping. We got together, a luue furnuuie a table, bedstead, dishes- but our money failed us beiore we bougnt the chairs. I told Mary she. must turn up ths tuo; for 1 could not; run -iu debu No, no.

it was not ioug before our rich. neighbor Mrs. louud us out, aud kindly euough sne uuppiied us half a' dozen chairs added our stock. They were olu ones, to be sure, but answered. just as well tor us.

i shall never target tne new (ace chairs pui odr snu -tney never lookec jui oeiorer The- tables are tui ned wim Mrs. and me now uas be come a poor widow, but he suati never want while 1 have any thing, never "set in motion, and every day brings 'strangers to our shore from the moat distant regions of the earth. So far so gobd j- but it may not be so, much Ion ger, when crowds from. Europe will be? dijintopour upon these 6horeav We feel it our duty, in view of ihe bad con f- sequences that all exaggerations do pro duce, to "contribute our share toward rectifying the impressions that went abroad upon the subject of the mines in this country. Even ur Government tft 'homeliad not received ah 'official ac-; count from its subordinates here, that rob wealth of its power to curee, extract the bitter from the cop of sorrow, ud.

open wells of gladness in desolate'homtTs. We do not always see the golden links shining in tha chain of humat.1 events; but they are there oh yi they are there, and happy is'he who feels their gentle but irresistable influence. -The following appeal to the common School Teachers is from a gentlemao whose life has been devoted to the instruction of youth, who' possesses a lull sense of the importance of popular education to. the perpetuation, improve mem and glory of our free instituiroos. Who will hear this report? Ho many Teachers will take encouragement" from his exhortation, and determine henceforth to elevate the standard of their arduous and honorabte -Proles-sion? The grand idea of associated' action in this class begins to be devek oped among ma.ny who havo the true glory of the State and i be happy progress of ihe race at heart.

Ia there life, -intelligence, energy enough among tjur Teachers to carry VVe trust -that the small beginning proposed in Guilford will result in a great end. Greensboro Pat To the. Teachers of.P.ublic of North Carolina. 1 address yoa, gentlemen, as entrusted wan our children, with their charac ter and nearly all the learning that con-' trois the election of S. ate and National Not one voter in five hundred goes io college.

As individu Lais, confined to unseen labor, vou are weak; but united in one great and pub- lie occupation, you are strong, more uselul, better rewarded and mote hon. ored. No period, no year in our colonial or State history, is like the present so auspicious for organizing yourselves into County. for your personal improvement, and for all great interests of the Schtkils. The whole people are in motion, for improve-rnent.

Let the Judges in open court give notice of your first meeting you will soon elect delegates to form a Sute Convention of Teachers. Concert is every Noihing so requires sys. tem and public aentiment as the education ot a great jind iree. people. The appointment by ihe Legislature of a Superintendent ot Common SchooU, to visit every county and combine the whoie people, and tar make the public money accomplish fen times its present good, to do for North Carolina all that-- Horace Mann has done tor; Massachu setts, depends On your -county "and State associations, both for its adoption and success.

Guided by such a leader. effort and improvement will have no limit Our State will, tlien be in a position io establish, on -the line ot her yreat cen tral the cheapest, ib.e most needed of all iter. institutions, a Normal School a seminary to educate virtuous young men aod womeu in the art and science ot conducting schools. None so wel understand, its importance as yourselves. Were it now, operation.

lutidreds of you would, gi4adly. Uiere in crease your experience and skill. Ex plore all us bearings, and let defects, on ly double your efforts, nil those feho succeed you enjoy its light. Let the maxim of a great writer on' jurisprudence be your own: 'Everv man ones something to.his Associated, you form a Profession the most numerous' branch of the toosi learn ed aud li beral of all secular professions. hus organiza, you win promote eve-, ry element oi our civilization.

ritets and publishers will 'apiy to you col-. 1 porteurs, editors, agents, wilt find you' enlightened discerners between trutb -and imposition. CaudiUates for ofBcej will become advocates of the People Scno ils. "The higher institutions tvill be sustained by our best pupils. JLet Editors, not only publish ibis most resectlul appeal, j)ut also with a home solicitude aud-patriotic zealtake this cause under editorial care' represent he truth in its simple In a wprdji there has been no -thorough investigations of the subject peo- pie on all sides, simple citizens as well as Government officers, were content to r.

1 seize upon a few remarkable cases, that were msde more so by passing ihrough many, lips, and represent them abroad as of a commorl occurrence. Hence, rhuch disappointment followed to hun-7 red jtv ho ca me here to shovel in, as they thought, the precious dust and be off for their respective homes in the of an eye. It is not to be understood that we are igoiiig -to decry the mines no, lar from it we mean to divest them the man lie which heated lancy cast about them, and represent the simple truth without Any' poetic ornaments. 0ri the outset we wish! it-to be under "ctood that, we speak advisedly. We surveyed, so to speak, the length breadth of the mines by personal -inspection and observation, at a great expense of our lime, money and labor and besides, we-claim the right to pre- uiiic ouuwnuai uj-wu iu science.

-h The region which is here known as the mines is closed on the East bv running nearly North and South. large streams descend from the oierral XMevada, one at the North, called the Sacramento nver.the other on the South kn6wit as 'Sahi Joaquin. These two 3 streams rani as if purposely, to the apex ui vue triaugie iney enclose inert-, meet ana tnaKe a common and united irruption upon the Waters of San Fran cscu uav. in mis trianaie.mus tormea theae two rivers with the Snow 'ains, are numerons streams, but -they are all tributaries either of one 4hepther river-; the largest of them are the North and empty themselves into i I I I iu if-- If i I..