Fayetteville Semi-Weekly Observer from Fayetteville, North Carolina • Page 2

From the Charleston Mercury. FROM THK JOURNAL OF withstanding the haste of their construction. In FOUR? DATS LATER FROM EUROPE i Portland, April 7. The. screw steamship Canadian, from Liverpool oil the 25th arrived here this evening.

Her advices are four days later than those received by the Asia at New York. The British Parliament had been dissolved nA might be expected things sued like tne aroma of wild flowers along: the': highways; for we.w not to expect Homers where there are no' The volumes are very beautifully printed, and. edited by a lady Tenella -the pretty nom de plume, we are told, of Mrs. W. J.

Clarke, who baa herself written quite a number of the prettiest ENGLISH IDEAS OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. Vm the London Tint of tkt VIA ultimo. The first sight of an American railway map, to use vulgarism, "quite takes one aback." An impression is produced rather akin to what we receive when a friend whom we have not cast oar eyes on for fifteen or twenty years comes across us and reminds us forcibly of the fact "how old Interestintf from ChinaSeventy Thousand Chinamen Killed. RenewM Attempt at Poisoning. We have been fevpred' with the following letter, dated MACAO, Jan.

zy, ioo- All foreign business is not only suspended, but entirely at an end, at Hong Kong and at Canton Since my last letter, tne greater part Western suburbs of the latter city, in which were situated nearly all the warehouses, shops, concerned in foreign trade, have been consumed. i Of the total destruction of the foreign lactones, you will naveneara Dy my iasi letter, iub Chinese compute their losses in wses, go-aowns, shops, at over 4,000 buildings up to the present time; and in merchandise, and the vaiue of the above property, they state their losses at $10,00,000 which is probably not far from the truth. We cannot of course know very accurately the damages sustained by the city of Canton, since the bombardment began, 28th October last; but as the latter has been kept up with more or less pertinacity, to within a few days ago, when the English Admiral retired with his forces from before the citv. it is fair to Buppose that the Chinese do not over-estimate the loss in life, when thev state it at 70,000 of all ages and sexes Everything favors this calculation, as it is well known that the streets are exceedingly narrow, the population of great density, the means or the power to move, within the reach or comparatively few; while the custom of closing the gates of every street, during a period of public aanger creates immense loss of life by any sudden movement of the populace To say nothing of all the other distresses which have been riveted upon them and which are inseparable from such a condition of things, the total destruction of the trade of the place, are very oppressive in their effects. Still, up to the present moment, the Chinese do not make the slightest concession The Vice Roy, Yeh, in all his official documents, is as firm at this moment as he was when the "Arrow" lorcha was seized by his officers on the 8th of October last.

The people, too, are even more bitter and exasperated against the English, and perhaps all foreigners and notwithstanding their distresses and their sufferings, their oppo sition to everything which bears the appearance of reconciliation or terms of any kind, is greater than ever At Hong Kong, a most comprehensive scheme to poison the foreign community was planned by a China baker named Esing, who mixed a large quantity of arsenic in the bread baked for the consumption of the loth inst. Upwards ot 4UU persons were poisoned; many had most narrow escapes from death. The sufferings of all were dreadful, but providentially, it is n'ot ascertain ed that a single person died. The quantity of arsenic was too large, so that immediately after eating the bread, sickness and nausea followed, and the poison was thus ejected from the stomach. The effects, however, are many, and- up to the present time may still be seen.

Since then, ano ther attempt has been made, but on a much more moderate scale, through poisoned oranges, a quan tity of which (about 5,000 in number) was intro duced into the colony. It failed however in this instance, as too little of the poison had been ab sorbed by the fruit, although two deaths took place, and they, Uhinese. ine umnese nave a method of poisoning oranges by piercing them in the first instance, with minute holes, and then placing them over the vapor of the poisonous sub stance, which they then cause them to inhale Attempts have also been made to fire the set tlement. That the Chinese are subtle enough to create some great catastrophe, is well known, but how or when, no one can divine. The consequence is, that the whole community is living in state of complete and most painful anxiety and alarm.

There is a large force there, afloat and ashore. Still, the mode of circumventing their enemy, by the Chinese, is always hidden and secret: and while every street and every pass is guarded, either poison, sudden kidnapping, assassination, singes terror throughout, in tne .1 .1 I latter sin the Chinese are great adepts, as you will see, if you take the trouble to read the newspapers nave ordered to De sent to you. At this place, Jlacaj, on the other hand, we enjoy tne most periect peace ana security, ine ortuguese, who have held this place now more than 300 years, know the Chinese people well. They live on terms of mutual good will so far as any Chinese can possibly be with any thing foreign and there is a registered population of the latter people, of nearly who have m- t. i I uaoitea tne peuinsma lor many successive gener- ations.

xne consequence is, mat tneir iamiues, their dwellings, their tombs and temples and a. i Ail i i property being all here, they are fully as mnch identified with the place, as their rulers, the Por tuguese; an4 therefore, as much interested to pre serve it, in an its present integrity. J.nere is moreover, no question between the Chinese and ine Portuguese governments, iney are on ex cellent terms, which it is the object and the wish of both to preserve. Of foreigners, there are about 70 Americans here, including women and children; of English, not probably more than 12 or 15 in all; of Spanish, French and German, and European Portuguese, not including the garrison and naval force, there may be -about a hundred The defences of the place are several judiciously placed forts, all built over zZb years ago, about 300 artillerymen, a brig-of-war of 16 guns, and an armed lorcha of six. In the meantime, Sir Michael Seymour has been obliged to withdraw all his forces from the city of Canton, and he is now establishing his head-quarters about 6 miles from the city, to the Southward, in a small fort taken from the Chi nese, built on a rock in the middle of the river called the Macao Passage Port, and by the Eng lish, very absurdly, the ieetotum Fort, from its being circular, with a tall Pagoda in its centre The Chinese take great courage for this act of retiring, when they reflect that the Admiral's force consists of no less than 13 men-of-war.

nearly all steamers, and very heavily armed. Thus, he intends to wait tor reintorcements, but the delay is most prejudicial to him in every respect. Already the Chinese have attacked the fort and the men-of-war stationed around about it, with great energy and unexpected daring. When the reinforcements arrive, there is no doubt but that Canton will be in the military occupation of the English, and then the Chinese must either bend or submit to a long and desperate struggle with their masters, aa the former must then become. A Fine Place to Live.

According to Hum boldt there is a tree in the South Sea Islands which produces ready-made shirts. The natives cut off pieces of the tree about two feet long, from which they draw off the bark as of chestnut to make whistles. Eaoh man selects a tree near his own diameter, so that the shirt may be a good fit. uou vaiA. ia vu.

luey cut a noie in each cir cle to admit his arms. The shirts do not require any washing, starching, and ironing, and a more convenient article for loafers could not i. agined. 1'he same country produces bread. frnit Bn tuk leuow may get nig noarq and clothes gratis.

iri "A Solemn The Southern Cultivator saysf "It is a solemn fact that able girl in twenty can make a really good enn nf in to to NORTH CAROLINA LITERATURE. It is incumbent to report the doings Literature of our sister States, and we rejoice say that, on all hands, there, is very decided exhibition of a desire, on the part of the 8outh, assert its proper claims to intellectual position In our "old North State" the tendency seems to be to revive the ancient chronicles, to explore the province. o( local history, and" to glean all possible records, from legend and tradition, which shall supply the written chronicle when defec tive. It glads us to know that Dr. Hawks a native of North Carolina is now engaged on a regular History of that State, which will, no doubt, render its Colonial and Revolutionary an nals complete.

We are told that he has made considerable progress in his work, and that we shall soon be put in possession of it. Meanwhile, it is grateful to know that other minds have been busy, also, and that there is a considerable body, of local literature which has been recently put forth by citizens of North Carolina, calculated equally to enrich her resources in history, and to establish her claims to the possession ot writers quite equal to the assertion of her intellect. Among these laborers we mention with pleasure the name of Rev. Dr. Caruthers, known long ago to the literary aud religious public of.

the South by his Memoir of the Rev. Dr. Caldwell, one of the Revolutionary fathers of the old North state. This memoir of Dr. Caldwell is, in fact, not simply a narrative of his individual life, but a very good account of the first beginnings of the Revo lutionary conflict the upper part of North Ca rolina, extending to the earliest demonstrations, in the same direction, of the ancient tors," when they tried the odds with Gov.

Tryon the "Wolf of North Carolina," as he was called by the Redmen. Of the history of this border struggle, the Memoir ot x)r. Ualdwell gives an excellent account, and the work is one that is ab solutely essential to every student who would make himself familiar with the early chronicles of the South Dr. Caruthers has not stopt at this labor, 1ut, with laudable industry and patriotism, has given us two other interesting volumes of Memoirs on the subject of the early history and biography of North Carolina. These are called "The Old North State in 1776 first and second series." They are collections from manuscript and oral sources, and supply the local history in various precincts in North Carolina, giving detailed accounts of various public events, which hitherto bavo been dismissed carelessly by the historian; biographies of remarkable individuals, and anec dotes of others, all of whom were more or less concerned in the local struggle.

These narratives are curious, lively, instructive, and greatly assist in filling up the gaps in our general history. The compiler deserves great credit for his painstakings zeal and patriotism; he writes in good style; sim ply, without affectation or ambition loosely and carelessly at times, but always intelligibly and to the point. He properly seeks to do justice to the Old North State, whose services in the Revo lution it has pleased our historians to slur over, as is too much the case with their treatment of all our Southern history. His error is in gene raining a little too freely, and of exaggerating the importance of certain of his topics, tie has, besides, been too much disposed to take his state ments upon trust. We are required, when get ting oral testimony, so long after the event, to institute a sharp cross-examination of the testify- parties, to take assertions cum grano, and never to forget the always suspicious attitude of a witness who comes forward with his revelations usually in his own behalf long after all other witnesses are dead.

These witnesses must never be allowed to disturb or assail the "written re cord," at such a late day, which they never ven tured to attack when the writers or their witness es were living. We cannot give too much heed to this rule; if we disregard it, it is doubtful whe ther we shall be allowed to have a single nnmu tilated record, and we shall be required to reverse A most ot our historical judgments. Of the same class with these writings of Dr Caruthers, is a neat volume of Lectures, entitled "Revolutionary History of North Carolina, from the several pens of Dr. Hawks, and the Uons. JL.

h. Swain and Wm. A. Graham, to which is prefixed a sketch of the Battle of the Alamance, of the Regulators with the Colo nial Government compiled by Wm. D.

Cooke A. by wnom this nice little volume has been edited. This narrative, and these lectures, are all well written. Thev deal mostly in the cene. ralities ot the subject, avoiding details, as incon sistent with the lecture form of composition; but they grasp the subject completely, and without details, the reader will be able to gather from these lectures a very succinct and mostly correct idea of the claims of North Carolina during the Revolutionary conniot.

The volume is beautiful ly printed, with fine illustrations, and is altoge ther worthy of general perusal. Like the volumes of Caruthers, it well deserves a place in all our libraries. We welcome it to ours: Quite an interesting narrative of the Life and and Character of the celebrated Flora McDonald has been given us also, in the form of a Lecture by James Banks; of Fayetteville, N. which we have read with pleasure and instruction No doubt, with a little more research, the author would be enabled to expand this lecture into nice little volume. Nor has the State Government been indifferent, while her sons have shown themselves so honorably busy, in adding to the proofs of her intellectual activity.

Here is a fine, well printed octavo a "Geological Report of the Midland Counties of North Carolina," by Ebenezer Emmons illus trated with engravings; a volume of large uses in the development of the natural resources of the country. This work will be followed by others of the same class, carrying out the survey through all portions of the State. The Government of North Carolina has done, and is doing, more. It has shown a laudable zeal in the course of education; has put her public schools, on a good foundation, and has created the office of a State Superintendent of Common Schools, who is entrusted with the whole duty of systematizing their action under an uniform and general organization. His powers extend even to the preparation of proper school books; one of which "a North Carolina Reader" lies before us now a compilation which largely includes the writings of natives of the State, and all of that sort of material from its poetry, tradition and history which would be likely to animate the young learner with the love of birth place.

The present Superintendent of Common Schools of NorthCarolina, is the Rev. Wiley, a gentleman who has acquired a considerable reputation as a man of letters; to whom we owe an Historical Romance, call "Alamance," founded on the War of the Regulators, which forms so interesting jt chapter in the history of the old North Nor has the muse of North Carolina been BilenL Here, for example, are two volumes, modestly dlled "Wood Notes," which we owe tothe kindness of an unknown friend of the Oak City-Raleigh who will receive our sincere thanks for his courtesy and compliment These con. sist of selections from the writings of near fiftv native noeta of the old North 8tli jtl deed, it is one of the most remarkable characteristics of the system how it combines roughness andr-expedition in the construction of the railway wnn convenience ana rennemens iu furniture and carriages, even greater in many re spects than those we have in this country, ine average American is perhaps more particular aooui indoor comfort even than the average Englishman: he carpets his churches, and complains of our cold rooms. The railways humor these tastes, and the car pets, the cushions, the chairs with Daces, ioa can be put either way, the room for moving about, the and the warm-air pipes, put ail except bur first-class carriages to shame. The ingenious contrivance on the New York and Erie railway of a funnel which conveys air down into a chamber, where it is purified by spray forced up from jets below, and thence makes its way through the car, is a specimen ot American railway inauigeuuo to summer travellers.

The slanting wmuuw uu the screens of tarred canvass for throwing off the dust show the same consideration, while the use of a bell instead of a whistle on leaving stations proves a regard for the human ear at which we have not arrived in this country. Laying the Submarine Telegraph. The li nked States steam-frigate except in some unimportant particulars, is now completed, and as she lies at her dock at the Brooklyn navy vard her vast proportions and symmetry of build present a spectacle well worth a visit to see. She will depart to-morrow tin) on a trial trip at sea, to be absent about a week, shortly alter ner re turn she will proceed to London to take on board one-half miles in length) of the ocean telegraph cable. The cable weighs about a ton per The other half is at wnence an English steamship will convey it, in conjunction with the Niagara, to a given position in the Atlantic ocean midway between Newfoundland and Ireland, where, after uniting the two cables, the steamers will part company, the Niagara sailing westward and the English vessel eastward.

Owing to the great weight of the cable, and the care necessary to prevent any mishap in paying it out, neither vessel will be able to proceed faster than three or four knots an hour; but, if. no accidents occur, the great work of laying an ocean telegraph, which some years since was looked upon as visionary and impracticable, will be accomplished in about fifteen days. The steamer Mississippi, which is now approaching completion, will follow after the Niagara, and act as an auxiliary in laying the cable In order to allow for the weight of the cable and an extra supply of fuel, it is reported that the Niagara will carry out only four of her twelve enormous swivelguns. N. T.

Courier. A Desperate Villain. The Texas State Gazette has an account of the capture at Waco, in that State, of "Bill Johnson," a notorious desperado. He bad fled from San Antonio, charged with a crime, and his hiding place was discovered. The Gazette says: The Sheriff soon received from San Antonio a capias for Johnson's arrest.

It was found that he had taken up his quarters for resistance at Blankenship's storehouse, and was armed with six double barrelled shot guns, doubtless provi ded for him by accomplices. Echels, the deputy Sheriff, broke down the door at the entrance, and the party summoned as the Sheriff's posse attempted to enter two abreast. Johnson was seen standing like a furious lion, in the back part of the store room, and shot into the "pile," aim ing a centre shot; but it was a little to the right, and the arms of all those on the right side were shot, and their coats and clothing literally tern to pieces. Tobe Carmack received three buck shot in the arm, young Thomasson seven, and Eichleberger one. The reports of the guns soon brought to the spot a large number of who knowing that Johnson had secretly several aiders and abettors, came well armed with shot guns, rifles and pistols.

Johnson remained in the house, first ring out of the front and afterwards changing his position to the back door, and for some time keeping up a fire upon the citizens. Finally he made a desperate effort at retreat, and running out of the back door with a shot gun and side arms, he attempted to gain the river. On his retreat, he turned upon his pursuers, and taking aim at Mr. Buchanan, wounded him in tne right thigh, nip, ana near tne Knee, ne was at last brought to the ground by the shots of the party in pursuit. He was found to be shot through the centre of his breast with a rifle bullet.

He had also received a buck shot in his mouth which lodged in his neck. It was thought that he would die in a few minutes, and he was left there reluctantly by the citizens, who were so exasperated at him, that under other circum stances he must have been thrown into the Bra zos river. His friends came to his relief, and carried him to Blankenship Baker's grocery. The Sheriff learning this fact, and ascertaining that his wounds were not mortal, again took charge of him, and he was carried to the Drury Hotel un der guard. These events transpired on the 7th instant.

On the same night he feigned so well that death's hand was upon him, that some of the guard lett to warm themselves by the fire. He soon rose, seized a gun, and fired at Mr. Grif fin, but missed him. The latter returned the fire, breaking his jaw bone. It was thought at last accounts that he would soon die of his wounds The wounded citizens, we learn, are doing well.

It is said that this desperado had already killed seven men before the present awful tragedy, and that one of the number was his own father. American Tea a correspondent, writing from Greenville, South Carolina, says: "I am within a few miles of tne place where the experiment was made of rasing tea. It has proved a failure. The plant will grow well enough, but wages are too high in this country. We cannot afford to pick, to roll up and dry any sort of leaves here for half a dollar per pound.

In China, where a man is hired for one dollar a month and boards himself, it may be done." Destruction of Liquors. A quantity of liquor seized in Kiver some two or three years ago under the liquor law, was, on the 3d instant, brought in front of the City Hall by order of the Mayor, the barrels tapped, the "vile stuff" permitted to channel its way along the gutter 'at the side of the street. The parties claiming the liquor prosecuted the officers who made the seizure, and recovered about $5,000, including costs, the liquor law having been declared unconstitutional which was paid by the town of Fall River, and subsequently the city was indemnified by act of me legislature ot June last, and ordering the destruction of the liquor. New Bedford Mercury. A Horse with a Cork Leg.

The Adelaide Register has the following: "We have recently Been Mr. Collins'a mam Jewess It will be remembered that she broke her near tore leg on the race course in April last while running for the town plate. Amputation was performed by Mr. Grabb, under whose care she has completely recovered. Her condition is excellent, and the cork foot seems to answer the purpose admirably." things in the collection.

It is a somewhat abrupt transition to pass from poetry to" pestilence; but, in our array of the recent performances of our sister State, we are required to give heed to all the' provinces of litera ture into which she has been disposed to press; and we find in our collection a couple treatises on "Malaria," by Charles E. Johnson, M. of Raleigh. Dr. Johnson holds an enviable rank among his profession in.

North Carolina, and these essays appear to us quite worthy of respectful study. The writer hat aimed rather to clear away the old rubbish of theory on the subject or Malaria, than to introduoe any new one of his Own. He has shown how utterly in conflict, how illogi cal, absird, contradictory, and baseless of truth, are a large portion of the received doctrines; and this is one great step gained towards getting the truth. All professions have their supersti tions and those of the medical, in respect to Mala ria, are perpetually diverting us from those aspects of the subject from which, studied properly and without bias from the past, we might at length behold the true genius of Pestilence emerge But we have no space for discussion here, and mean only to draw attention to the work, as one of the recent issues of the North Carolina press. For the present, we have done.

Of course our catalogue shows only a small portion of what our sister State has done and is doing. These volumes we pisked up in hurried progress through a portion only of North Carolina. No doubt a large number of writings, of various classes and various degrees of merit, have illustrated, locally, the mind of that region, of which ours has no knowledge. But we should like to know, and we appeal earnestly to the press of the good old North state, to give ns, from each precinct, a catalogue raisonnee, of the local publications, such as we have here imperfectly presented a part only. RAGS, PAPER MILLS, POETRY AND PATRIOTISM There are seven paper mills in North Carolina.

ThNeuse Manufacturing Company in Raleigh have one, of which Hon. Sion H. Rogers is Pre sident, and E. B. Freeman, Treasurer.

This mill is on Neuse River, about 6 miles from Raleigh, and works up about 2,500 pounds of Rags per day, running day and night. The Forest Manufacturing Company also owns the mills of the old Manteo Company, and will soon again go into operation. W. R. Poole, is President, and Dr.

W. R. Miller, Superintend ent. This mill, we learn, will only run by day, and will consume about lbs. daily.

These two are Fourdrinier machines the only ones in the State. David Murphy, owns a paper mill near Fayetteviile, and works up about 1,800 lbs. daily, we presume. There is a mill also owned by R. L.

Patterson at Salem, two in Lincoln owned by the Messrs. Hoke and Mr. Mosteller; and one we be lieve in Rutherford, owned by some gentleman with an unpronounceable Dutch name. These four mills, we believe, use each about 1500 lbs. of Rags per day.

All these seven mills together work up 12,100 1Kb nAr i4av anil AOO 1 Yo nap counting 300 working days in a year. We presume these rags cost at the several mills at least 4 cts. per lb. Then multiply by 4 and it makes 9146,200 per year. This is about double our publio State tax 20 years ago After supplying our home demand tor which is small, all the paper manufactured is sent to the Northern market, by which nearly 000 of Northern exchange is annually furnished to our Banks, merchants and others.

These mills also give profitable employment to hundreds of our own people, men, women and children, who might otherwise have been of little use to themselves or society. Are not our paper mills then a subject of pub lio interest: Ought not Kags to become an in stitution in in or in uaronnar onouid not every cotton and linen scrap be put away in a bag, as a matter of principle? Rags should no longer be laughed at, nor wasted. Ihe supply does not equal the demand. Our mills are forced in some instances to import Rags from Virginia and else where, at a ruinous cost, to keep themselves going. Once our good people were too proud to save tneir old clothes.

Jjiven the negroes on the plantations looked on it as a very small business. They would sooner go without their sugar and than condescend to buy them with old rags It may be so yet in some places. People are not now exactly ashamed of it, but they much neg lect it, when a very little care wonld be of much service to themselves, individually, and of mnch service, in the aggregate, to a great State interest, Uwners ot slaves could add much to tneir comforts by teaching them to save and sell their cast off old clothes. Rags are respectable. There is grace in a tattered shirt, and dignity in dilapidated galligaskins.

Saving them, now, is no dis grace. Selling them an actual credit, and the cause of many comforts. Bank bills are made of old Rags. Billet doux and promissory notes are Written thereon, bo also was that very sweet poem in the Register, a short time ago, called the "Fatal Mistake." There is poetry as well as profit in Rags. Let us all then become at once provident, poetical, philosophical and patriotic, and providently, poetically, philosophically, and patriotically, qAV our Raos! Ral.

Register. Acquitted. William, Charles, and William C. Davis, two brothers and a oousin, charged with the murder of Spence Sawyer, at Elizabeth City, N. have been acquitted.

The trial excited great interest. We understand that there are large fires raging in the woods in the neighborhood of Wilmington, North Carolina, and that serious damage has been done to thrinterests of the turpentine growers. A private letter from Wilmington states that an extensive producer of turpentine near that place, had lost by the fire upwards of 26,000 turpentine trees; and there are fears entertained that the woods in that neighborhood will be entirely destroyed. Jour, of Com. A Steam Wagon.

A stock company has been formed of persons residing in Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio, who have constructed a steam wagon to be run on common roads. It was tested a few nights since, and travelled to the entire satisfaction of those who got it up. Lady Printers. A letter from Greenborough, North Carolina, states that the Weekly Messenger, a religious paper published at that place, is edited and published by Mrs. Frances M.

Bum-pass, and ia printed wholly by females, even to the press work, which is done by a big "negro A Chicago paper says that one i)f JtheVgrsfnl and produce firms or that city nave bandieivwvLi. in the year in their business, twelve. and' a- half millionsof dollars, their checks oni single bank amounting, to eight millions of dollars. 5,256,000 bushelBjOf grain passed through their hands. on a the writs for the new Parliament are returnuM the 30th of April.

The Lnglish press generally speak favorahlv nf the moderation of the Inaugural of the President London Gazette contains a notice from tb Board of Trade, that Denmark has engaged to abolish the Sound Dues from the 1st of April. Lixoerpooi votton marieet. Various Liverpool Circulars report a quiet, but steady market, with i i i i i i saies aunng tne tnree ousiness aays subsequent to the departure of the Asia, of 18,800 bales nf wmcn speculators too oniy and exporters like quantity. The market was dull at the close at about the quotations of the previous Fri day. LATER FROM EUROPE.

Halifax, April 9. The steamship Niagara, has arrived witV. Liverpool dates to the 28th ult. Cotton i quiet inferior qualities have declined H. Flour is dull' and had declined Is.

during the week. WuJ has declined 2d. Corn is very dull, and has dp. clined 6d. a Is.

weather is favorable thQ crops. The English elections have resulted favorably for the Government. Russia has reduced her tariff one-half on wool len and cotton goods. It is reported that England has ceded tn France the Longwood house and Napoleon's tomb at St. Helena.

The Spanish Government contemplates a sub marine telegraph Detween uuba and the United. States. The first division of the fleet for tht in vasion of Mexico would sail about the 28th March for Havana. Augusta; April 9. Frost at the South Crops Ruined.

The frost on Tuesday morning last, has killed the corn, cotton and wheat crops tn this region. Accounted lor. The appointment of Captain Rynders, U. S. Marshal of New York, is account-ed for on the following precedent: "Sedley," said Charles II, "look me up a man who can't be corrupted; Lhaye sent three treasurers to the north, they have all turned thieves." "Well, yourXnUJesty, I will recommend Mivert." dog," said Charles, "why, Mivert is a thief already 1" "Therefore! he can be corrupted, your, majesty, said Sed ley.

Worcester Spy. p'' A Legal Question, under the Dred Scott Deci sion. The democratic canvassers in the town of Gloucester, struck the names ot the colored voters in that town from the lists before the election on Wednesday, alleging that they were justified in this action by the decision in the case of Dred vScott The Providence Journal intimates that legal proceedings will be commenced against them. Boston Journal. The financial operations of the City Treasury of New York, for the 1856, including the amount received and paid out on account of the linking funds, the ordinary support of the City Government, and the several trust funds for opening, grading and paving streets, reach the enormous sum $20,716,519 91; being an excess over the expenditures of the previous year of $3,800,737 31.

Tlie Rates of Interest in Illinois. At the, re cent session of the Legislature of Illinois a law passed, fixing the legal rate of interest in that State at 8 per but in any contract, written or verbal, 10 per cent, may be collected, and any person or corporation who receives or stipulate! to receive over 10 shall forfeit the whole interest. Destitution in Kentucky. A. Bible distributor in Kentucky reports that of thirty thousand families he "visited, one-fourth had no Bible, and many had ne, ve heard of such a book at all.

There were three regularly ordained ministers, also, who had no copjj of the Scriptures. A carpet-sweeping machine has been invented, which consists of a small box in which there is a revolving fan that sucks up all the dust and dirt and carries it into a small compartment containing water. The woolen fibres and larger particles are deposited in a drawer. The sweeping is done by pushing the box along over the surface of the carpet by handles. The whole apparatus is said to be light and simple, very lasting, no dust is created, and the work is well done.

Scarlet Fever in Mississippi- The Macon (Miss.) Beacon says that sioce the scarlet fever in Noxubee county, (about three months since,) there has been upwards of a hundred deaths. Boots. Owing to the present high price of leather, the Philadelphia boot and Bhoe manufacturers have determined to make an advance ic the price, of boots and shoes of 20 per cent, upon the cost of the work. English Newspaper The largest sale ever reached by any newspaper in England was that of The Illustrated London Newt containing a narration of the Duke of Wellington's funeral. Of this (a double number) 400,000 copies were sold.

One newsman is snid to have taken 100Q quires, making 27,000 double papers, for which he must have paid 'j1075. Last year the usual edition of The Illustrated News was 160,000 copies weekly, over 20,000 of which were for the supply of the United States and Canada. Persevere. When some: one asked old father Scott, of Kentucky, why1 do-you continue to preach when you have converted but one sinner in twenty years?" "Haye I converted one!" said he Vles," replied the other. "Then," said the good man "here's for twenty years more; I may convert two!" Follies and Weeds.

"It is not so much," wrote Pope, "the being exempt from faults, as the having overcome them, that is an advantage to us; it being with the follies of the mind as with the weeds of afield, which; if destroyed and consumed upon the place of their! birthenrich and improve it more than if noneiiad eversprung there." it 'tj Two Scotchmen thus-discoursed: "Aw say, Georgie, many awhear thbns been makin' a fule o' theesel'v "Ah, man, auve gotten, wife." didst know auye Jun that same thing mesel'? What kind o' body hast thou gotten?" "A parfect deeval, man a parfect deeval." "Smash me, man! au wish mine wur nae warsethan that." "Wane than responded Georgie, "how can she be warse than that? Isn't Beelzebub the warst crittur a man coed have for an akwen-tenoe this'world?" j. "Nought o' the kind, man nought o' the kind. Disn'st thou knaw what the Bible says (and thou knawst it can not be wrong)? It says, 'Resist the deeval, and he'll flee from but bless thy soul, simple lad if ye resist my wife, she'll fler right at ye." we are getting-" Here is a part of the world which we have scarcely left off picturing to ourselves as aboriginal and fresh from the great act of Creation completely intersected by railways. Omitting all the intermediate stages between Chaos and Bradshaw. it has taken a violent leap into time, and from the very first seised hold of fha latest rocnlfa nf niwiliotinn A netWOfk of 26,000 miles of railway now covers the United States.

This has been accomplished principally Trinh and it ia unnecessary to Say that the cost of construction has been very small com nnred with that in this country. The single ar ticle of the difference in the value of land would of course make an enormous difference. The cost of construction per mile on the New York and MBa.nhnoetts railwavs has been 10,000 to 12.000. as compared with 35,000 on British railways. We quote the very interesting Report on the Railways of the United btates by uapt Douglas Gal ton.

The cheapness of land has been one great cause, as we have just said, of this sudden and wonder ful creation, more particularly as grants or land are often made, especially in the Western states Let us take the Illinois Central railway as an ex ample of tlfis method of railway making. Congress granted to the State of Illinois 2,525,000 acres. The vacant lands in alternate sections, within six miles of the road, were conveyed by direct terms in "the grant, and, in lieu of such nortions as had been previously sold, selections wo anthorixed to be made between six and fif teen miles on each side of the road. The com pany raised $20,000,000 by mortgage upon the security of this land, reserving, however, 250,000 acres towards the annual payment of the interest. At the same time they call in twenty-five per cent, of a capital stock of $17,000,000.

This pays for the Illinois Central railway, which therefore, in fact, given to the company, with the exception of the quarter which they take from their own stock. The State only charges seven per cent, on the profits of the railway as a com pensation for its gift of land; and thus a railway of 750 miles, forming the backbone of Illinois and connecting Cairo with Dubuque, is built at cost to the company of $4,500,000. But the most remarkable feature which this report brings out is the energy and impetus with which the Americans have rushed in tnediat res at once in the construction of their railways. This explains the rapidity and the small cost of this vast work more than the cheapness of land or the grants of land. There are some persons cannot begin to work till they have a perfect tool.

They are fidgety and uncomfortable without it; they wait and wait, and they delay operations indefinitely till their tool is nicely ground, polished, and shaped, and a convenient handle put to it. There are others who won't wait, but take the first tool they can get and worn with it. A bad tool is worse than a good one, but in the mean time they are doing so much work while the others are doing nothing, but only waiting. It depends, of course on what the department of work is which of these two methods is the best. An epic poem requires the very best tools and waiting; a speech at the hustings or in Parliament must be made with whatever tool comes to hand i.

with the best kind of expression we can summon at the moment. Some personsnhowever, cannot bring themselves to speak till they have hit on the very best words. The late Aich bishop of Canterbury was so fastidious in his choice of words that he used to keep his audience painfully waiting till he had tried one word after another to see how it would fit, and, as this process took place once or twice in every sentence, the constant search for perfection was hardly repaid by the tardy discovery. In matters of "time and tide," and over which that great power to which one of the seven wise men consecrated the result of a life's wisdom, "Opportunity," presides, it seldom answers to wait very long for your machinery. In war, for instance, yon cannot.

The object for which railways are wanted in 'America is in one very important respect different from that in this country; they are wanted not simply as railways, but as roads; not only to quicken communication between different towns, but to open a way into the heart of large spaces of territory, and to carry off their produce. The railway is the carrier there. Railroads, as Capt. Galton informs us, are cheaper than roads; there would not be funds forthcoming for making even tolerable roads over the vast prairies of the West; but the railway comes beore the road in this extraordinary world of inversions; it is the aboriginal road of the West, performing the very first function which a new country wants that of opening it to human labor, and affording a channel by which the results of labor can make their way to a purchaser. "When first opened, three years ago, (says Capt.

Galton of the Illinois Central railway,) the station-houses were almost the only habitations on the line; now there is a large village at each station, surrounded by vast tracts of cultivated ground. When I passed along the line last autumn sacks of corn covered every available spot round the stations, and the means of the company were scarcely adequate to removing them." With boundless tracts of land, then, Tying idle and waiting to be U3ed land which will give an enormous return to cultivation it is obviously not the interest of the American to delay his railway till he can make one with the best curves and the most even rails. He cannot afford to wait for a chefdatuvre of engineering; no, every minute is lost that this land lies idle, and therefore he just lays down a railway good enough to take" him into the heart of this profitable region, and set him down there with plough and spade, and a channel of conveyance for the produce of his farm. He bends the railway to his temporary object, and makes it serve the purpose he wants at the time he wants i. note.

He dashes at his end, and does not mind sharp curves and inclined planes. This is making the most of the instrument in his own case, and wielding it most victoriously effectively. The Baltimore and Ohio railway, as first made, avoiding an expensive tunnel by "a series of zigzags, ascending over a hill by a gradient of one eighteen at its Bteepest part, each zigzag terminating in a short level space, so that the train could run up one zigzag on to this level space, and then backed up to the next zigzag, and so on. This eccentric expedient was superseded by a tunnel afterwards; but the American would not wait for perfection before he had his railway in the nrst instance. We wish our Indian au- tnorities would take a hint from American expedition.

They go on waiting for perfect engineer-ing, and doing nothing till they can do everv thing as it is done in this country. The Amen. cans would have covered India with railways be fore now. The mode of raising funds for the construction of: railways by means of grants of iuu jKjrnaps, useiui mnt to our Australian authorities. Itwould, however, be doing injustice to the American railways to omit the great conveniences nu gooa accommodation which they afford, not coffee." A fact so aerioua as this should imme- exhibiting taste and cultivation, many of them diately engage the attention, of all marriageable grace and poetical sensibilities of the most prom-S118, ising character.

The verses are all fugitiTe, as.