Santa Cruz Sentinel from Santa Cruz, California • Page 7

Sunday, December 29, 1974 Santa Cruv Sentinel 7 Court Gives Indians Their tiling This Ole House' Holiday Schedule iggest EDITOR'S NOTE A iudce's ruling in a suit brought by 25 Indian tribes has radically altered the fishing industry in the state of Washington While Gov. Dan Evans wants the White House to declare an emergency because of a depressed industry, Indian fishermen are enjoying a prosperity they haven't known iij decades. By DAVID AMNIONS Associated Press Writer er," said Alison Gottfriedson, nursing her year-old son. "I think we'll see a better life for our son. I want my son to be a fisherman like his mom and dad.

Fishing is our culture. It can be a proud life." Her husband, Frank, 27. is still tired from an all-night netting operation in Carr Inlet of Puget Sound. "Are we better off?" he pondered. "Well, I'm handling more dollars but my standard of living hasn't changed.

I still owe everybody. Most of the new money has gone right back into investment." In the past, Gottfrieson and other Indians fished almost exclusively in lowland rivers, usually on reservations which cover five per cent of the state. With the guarantee of greater harvests, the Smilkameen Indian bought a $5,000 boat and an net for another $2,000. He begins fishing at 6 p.m. most nights and brings in his net at 8 a.m., catching between 60 and 150 salmon each night.

An average salmon brings between $4 and 5. Even before the Boldt ruling, the commercial salmon season was limited to 14 days in Fall. Off-season about 10 per cent of the white fishermen went for trout and herring. The rest put up their boats, mostly 30-foot-ers, and took jobs as longshoremen or in shipyards, or collected unemployment insurance. This year, because of the limited quota, the salmon season for non-Indians was cut to four days.

The Indians are permitted to go for salmon all year. "People don't seem to realize that a whole industry is going under." says Ancich, who has been fishing for 17 years. "If people saw Boeing was in trouble, everybody would be running to their defense." Why, after over 100 years, were the treaty rights asserted and a case entered in court? "A number of Indians from all over the country said they would come if our fishing rights continued to be ignored," Mrs. Gottfriedson said. "Yes.

I believe that people were afriad of another Wounded Knee. Ramona Bennett, chairwoman of the Puyallup Tribal Council, says 50 per cent of the fish is a fair trade for non-Indians. "They are totally exploiting all the land, timber and minerals and are destroying the valuable clean water." The Boldt decision will make a number of Indian familiesi self-supporting and will signal "the return of the ability to live indignity," she added. "1 haven't heard from anyone who had their electricity turned off this year, and I usually do. We usually have to provide emergency warm winter school clothes.

None of the fishing families that I know have had these kinds of.crises." p.m. Thursday Pottery at This Ole House at from 9 a m. to noon. At 10 a bridge and pool lessons. Shopping and library in Santa Cruz.

Chess club, 7-10 p.m. Friday Bowling lessons at Felton Bow 1 at 10 a m. Cards and bridge at This Ole Houseatlp.m. Saturday This Ole House open from noon to 4 p.m. Sunday This Ole House open from noon to 4 p.m.

Monday Kitchen band at This Ole House 10 a to noon. Movies at Boulder Creek at 1 Yoga at This Ole House at 8 a.m. Tuesday Watercolor painting at This Ole Housefrom 9 a.m. to noon. Sewing at This Ole House from 1 to 4 p.m.

Golf at Boulder Creek at 1 p.m. Shopping in Boulder Creek and Fclton. Wednesday Macramc at This Ole House at 9 a m. Golf at Scotls Vallev at 10 a m. Social Day at This Ole Housefrom 1 p.m.to4pm.

GIG HARBOR, Wash. (AP) For the Quinault. the Lummi, the Nisqualie, the Puyallup and other tribes, Judge Boldt's ruling was the biggest victory over the white man since Custer's last stand. Because of the ruling, Indians the State of Washington are becoming commercial fishermen for the first time in decades. And the white fishermen who had dominated the industry say they're being put out of business.

Suddenly 2,000 white commercial fishermen have been limited to only 50 per cent of the "harvestable catch" each year a figure determined by state officials under court order. The Indians are guaranteed the other 50 per cent. The result has been a sharp drop in income for men like George Ancich, who operates a 58-foot fishing boat out of this Puget Sound village. "I lost $15,000 or $20,000 in good clear money this fall; I earned only $660," Ancich, 50, says of the restricted salmon catch. "I can't last another year.

Unless I can fish like we always have, I'll have to sell my boat, my gear. And what can I do at my age." Paul Anderson, of the Purse Seine Vessels Association, said that fishing boat owners once average $15,000 to $20,000 an Spectacular Values and Very Pleasing Prices on GIRDLE BRAS and. Si The state government has appealed to the Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco for a reversal of the ruling And there have been protests. After 500 angry fishermen and their families marched on the state capitol in October, Gov. Dan Evans asked President Ford to declare a disaster area because of the depressed fishing industry.

But the White Hous" replied that a disaster could be declared only in the event of an earthquake or some other natural calamity, and Judge Boldt's ruling didn't fall into this classification. So the white fishermen, operating one thousand fishing boats, were limited to a catch of 110,000 salmon this year. The 800 Indians engaged in commercial fishing, mostly in rowboats, were authorized to take and equal number. The 1973 salmon run, by comparison was far better than this year's and the catch was 927,000 fish, nearly all of them taken by white fishermen, the state Fisheries Department says. The department adds that the Indians have caught their quota of 110,000 Salmon this year.

But Hank Adams, an Assimboine-Sioux, who is helping to set up a Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, denies this. He acknowledges that the fishermen from the 25 tribes affected by the Boldt ruling are doing far better than last year. But he says they lack the equipment to catch more than a small percentage of their quota. At Franks Landing, an Indian fishing village less than an hour's travel from Gig Harbor, a young Indian family relaxed in a modern, well-furnished home, reflecting a newfound sense of prosperity among the state's 34,000 Indians, about one per cent of the population. ''Things are looking bright- showed that 68 per cent of the almost 6,000 children in Massachusetts foster homes have been there four to eight years.

Eighty-five per cent never returned to their parents, even for trial periods. "There are enormous numbers of parents we can't find," said Dr. Alan R. Gruber. director of research and evaluation at the Boston Children'sServicc Association, one of the oldest child welfare agencies in the country.

"Of the 586 parents we tried to contact, we found only 3'i percent." Gruber also blames much of the problem on government in-sensitivity. "Not a state in the country knows what's going on." he said. Michigan periodically reviews the status of each of the 10.050 children in its foster care program. Of these, an estimated 1.000 to 3.000 children arc in legal limbo, saaid Wayne Anderson of the Office of Children and Youth Services. "Our basic problem in freeing kids for adoption is not wasting time." Anderson said.

"From the day the child enters care, you set a goal and figure nut the iime limits. Emphasi, on the first three months is important." Dr. Hermit T. Wiltse. a professor at the School of Social Welfare at the University of California at Berkeley, said it is almost impossible to estimate how many of the 28,000 children in California foster care are in legal limbo.

However, he said he knows of many normal children between the ages of 9 and 11 who have been in foster care for five years. Their parents may visit them occasionally, but the prospects of them returning to their parents are slim. Yet the children are not up for adoption. Victory nually. But this year they ear ned to $2,000 because of the restrictions imposed on non-Indian fishermen by U.S.

District Court Judge George Boldt. Boldt's ruling last spring interpreted an 1854 treaty between Indians in this area and the U.S. Government. Because, they were ceding land to set-! tiers the Indians worried they might lose their fishing rights, too. So the treaty stated that "Indians shall have the right to fish in common with white men." It was hardly a concession for the settlers.

Until nearly 1900 they concentrated on farming and the Indian tribes did 98 per cent of the commercial fishing. The Indians sold their catch of Shinook salmon Washington's most important commercial fish to the whites. The 20th Century was another matter. The Indians charged that whites not only dominated commercial fishing but stopped Indians from fishing in Iiget Sound. Most of the salmon catch, and also small harvests of herring and trout, comes from Puget Sound, a 200-mile long body of water which extends into Washington like an arm of the Pacific Ocean.

For several years, Indian fishermen had charged in court cases that they were harassed and their gear confiscated by state authorities when they fished off their reservations. "We needed a case to end all cases," said U.S. Atty. Stan Pitkin, who brought the suit before Judge Boldt on the Indians' behalf. Judge Boldt ruled that the Indians have an inalienable right under the 1854 treaty to fish in the state and along its coast, but non-Indians have only a privilege which can be modified by law or withdrawn.

balk at legally giving them up. Government social workers outline three alternatives for a child in legal limbo. He can return to his natural parents, remain in foster care or the state can appeal to the courts to terminate his parents' legal claim to free him for adoption. Agency officials say judges are inclined to act in cases of children deserted by their parents, but hesitate to find parents unfit to care for their own offspring. "For a juvenile court action of terminating parents' rights is the most trau-mat ic decision he has to make." said Victor A Pike, director of an HEW-funded project in Oregon designed to free foster care children for adoption.

In most cases. Pike said, the ultimate goal is to return the child to his natural parents But most parznts need guidance to improve their lives, he said. "Generally, we will write out a contract with the parents enumerating what they have to do to improve, whether it's going to Alcoholics Anonymous, a mental health clinic or seeing a homcmaker." Pike said "We'll make referrals and moot with parents to sec if they have the organization and stamina and interest and perseverance to take their kid back. Then, we review the case every three months." If the parents do not live up to the contract, the agency will offer them a chance to release the child before a court hearing, Pike said. "It's only humane." Some state courts have ruled that parents who maintain contact with their child, regardless of frequency, cannot be convicted of abandoning their offspring.

Most foster care children, however, do not find their cases in court. A Massachusetts study Kids Whose Parents Sears Smooth Line Seamless Bra ave Gotten Lost Nothing Illegal I ANGELES (AP)-The state attorney general says Dr. Donald Bright, chairman of the South Coast Regional Coastline Commission, did nothing illegal in soliciting contributions for Edmund Brown Jr. during the 1974 gubernatorial campaign. GIFTS SHIRTS FROM REINERO'S SHIRT FACTORY T-SHIRTS DENIM SHIRTS SWEATSHIRTS SPORT SHIRTS GIRLS' TOPS HUNDMDS Of W5KHS AIRBRUSH SILKSCREEM IRON-ON TIE DYE BATIK STENCIL SEQUINS EMBROIDERED SPECIALIZING IN HANB PAINTED SPORTSWEAR SHIRTS MADE TO YOUR ORDER THE SHIRT FACTORY 218 Riverside (1 Bloc' fiom Boardwalk) SANTA CRUZ ONNUNOON Til 7:10 tM.

mO. thru SUN. 426-9888 flcAiruV nlon-pjiidex l'71 2.99 Panty Girdle rrjjul.ir 6 ej Stretch Brief. regular ST 4" Parking for (t "This Ole House," the San Lorenzo Valley Senior Citizens Center in Ben Lomond, will be open New Year's Day from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.

A color television will be there, for football fans who want to watch the bowl games. For more information call 336 -8900. The SLV seniors' legal services will be providing a legal advocate at This Ole House in Ben Lomond on Thursdays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. If you are a senior with a legal problem, you may well be able to receive free help through this program.

For information, call 336 -8900 or 426 824. Activities beginning Monday include the following: Monday Movies at Boulder Creek, 1 p.m. Yoga at This Ole House, 8 a m. Tuesday Watercolor painting at This Ole House. 9 a m.

noon. Oil painting at House, 10 a m. to 2 p.m. This Ole Sewing at This Ole House 1 4 p.m. Shopping at Boulder Creek and Fclton.

Golf at Boulder Creek at 1 Hv l(u 111 I AMI lO, Jm Sears A One-piece molded pohoter foam cups are seamier ami out 'ihtfullv Miiooth tinder today's linjv knit-. and t-pdiidcx frame. bite. bues 22-Zb, A and B. Natural Cup for Natural Cup molded lua villi i-eaniles-s ilvotrr cup, WW teL v.

frame Uliile. Hes 3b-3b'B and regular 2 for l.acv Padded lira villi nlon lace upper cup and tricot lower cup.1. Mreti ides, Wonderlil contouring. Six B. By ANN BLACKMAN Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON (AP)-They are lost children, awash in a legal purgatory.

Rich, a handsome 31 2-yearold in California, was taken from his parents by court order because they had severe drinking problems and neglected their son. Now divorced, one still drinking and one trying not to, the parents visit Rich more or less regularly. His foster parents, who take good care of Rich, want to adopt him. His natural parents say no. Susan is five years old.

a quiet but happy child who lives in Massachusetts. She was placed in foster care temporarily and has been there four years. Her mother came to see her five times, then dropped out of sight. The mother retains legal guardianship. Government estimates show there are 120.000 children in America ho are in legal limbo, children whose natural parenis are unable to care for them but have, never reed thorn for adoption.

Some are in foster homes. Many are in institutions. "These are the children whose natural parents have gotten lost." said Beatrice L. Garrett, a specialist in foster family services at the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. If a child has been in foster care for a year and has little chance of returning home, Miss Garrett said, efforts should be made to have the parents voluntarily relinquish their legal claim to the child so that it can be freed for adoption.

"Children can't wait much longer," she said. "Every child, whether he speaks of his parents or not, carries inside him some kind of memory, fantasy or question about them Sometimes he thinks, 'I'm not worth very much or my parents would have kept Or, My parents love me, but that bad agency took me away from "All these things a child dreams about, thinks about, wonders about They arc particularly damaging to the child, but if handled the right way. the child will be able to accept the situation and grow In many cases, Miss Garrett said, the children are victims of a bungling bureaucracy. "Most agencies are aware of the necessity of freeing the kids," she said "But they're hampered by large workloads And it takes time and energy to accomplish these results. In other instances, she said, the parents feel they have nothing to offer their children but in fall, Tricot Padded Bra with poleter tricot cup tliat ''nilv lift and lill out the lio-om.

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