Santa Cruz Sentinel from Santa Cruz, California • Page 18

18 Santa Cruz Sentinel Thursday, March 12, 1981 Jean-Pierre Hallet Seeks To Save 4,000 Pygmies blacksmith to fashion simple hoes and knives from old gasoline cans and car parts. Last year Hallet distributed about 500 of these tools and more than a ton of selected soybean seed and medical supplies through his foreman and 15-member local staff in the Ituri Forest. To support his foundation, he solicits contributions, sells his art collection and guides summer expeditions to East Africa and the Seychelles. "This is a one-man, no-overhead operation. But I must compete with organizations that appeal to people's guilt in their magazine ads.

That I won't do. I appeal only to people's sense of beauty and dignity. I would never show a picture of a Pygmy starving." Another basic difficulty, he said, is overcoming the commonly held stereotype of "the Pygmy." "The popular definition of a Pygmy, he said, is a little dwarf hiding behind trees shooting poison darts at passing natives. They are thought to be immoral, cannibalistic, fierce and wild. Nothing could be further from the truth.

"They live in harmony with their en "That may sound pretty, harsh coming from the guy to whom Hubert Humphrey once gave the 'Humanitarian of the Decade' award." Hallet said, gesturing to an inscribed plaque above his desk. "But what's the point of preserving human lite without dignity and self-respect? Most foreign aid to the Third World these days goes for military aid and for roads and hydroelectric projects. The money goes into the pockets of government officials, not the people." He asserted that ending foreign aid to most Third World governments might be the United States' most significant contribution to fighting hunger and power abroad. If Hallet's efforts to save the Efe Pygmies from extinction do succeed and the next few yeans will tell he hopes that others will follow his example. "I never imposed anything on the Pygmy.

We always sat down and discussed the problems together. They decided where they wanted to go. They were not victims of my imposed program. They always believed it was more important to survive with dignity than to compromise and prostitute themselves with lesser values. "I also hope the success with the Pygmies will prove that one individual without the help of the government, or a large agency, or any religious denomination, can make a difference when he puts his mind to it." Hallet dug an old Manila envelope out of his wastebasketi began sketching the Ituri River in eastern Zaire, and gave a brief history of the Efe Pygmy: "Three hundred years ago the Pygmy population of the Ituri was estimated at 2 million.

It was at that time the area was invaded by Bantu and Sudanese tribes." According to Hallet, the conquerors became overlords of the smaller, non-violent Pygmies who were kept in feudal servitude. In 1960, when chaos broke out in the Congo shortly after the former colony's independence from Belgium, the peacelul Pygmies were among the first to be aftected. Some were drafted into Zaire's army. Others were driven into the swampy areas of the forest, where living conditions became increasingly difficult. Next, tourists began arriving with trinkets, sugar, cigarettes and Western diseases.

Epidemics reduced the Pygmy population drastically in the early 1970s. When Hallet began working with the Pygmies in 1957. famine was widespread. He had lost a hand two years earlier dynamiting a lake for fish to feed the part-Pygmy Mosso tribe of Burundi. "It was a very small price to pay for the lives of several hundred Mosso families." he said.

In 1957. he introduced simple farming methods to the Efe tribe. Gradually, the Efe became more familiar with planting banana trees and cultivating peanuts, rice, beans and cassava. He taught them crop rotation and instituted improved sanitation, needed in the increasingly permanent Pygmy encampments. Money from the Pygmy Fund enabled Hallet to hire a local Bantu heart; second, never waste food; third, respect the elders." Pygmies are highly intelligent and keenly perceptive.

According to Hallet they are accomplished astronomers, conscious of the vastness of the universe. They are equally familiar with the minutiae of nature. They can identify a wasp from 30 feet away and tell if it is male or female and of what species, Hallet claimed. The average adult Pygmy weighs about 85 pounds and stands only 4 feet 5 inches tall, but apparently is unimpressed by those of greater stature. "They always joked about my size," Hallet said, "and eventually told me, 'We like you so much that we no longer hold your size against you." They saw my size as a handicap.

I had to bend my head going through the jungle. 1 needed more food and had more difficulty climbing trees. 1 remember following 20 Pygmies across an old bridge and when I got to the middle it collapsed. Their size is more appropriate for life in the jungle. They live in harmony with nature, not against it.

of them could survive in an environment that would support only 10 Jean-Pierre Hallets." Hallet reports in "Pygmy Kitabu" that 1 contrary to the traditional image of I savage Pygmies, they "are very amiable, warm-hearted, fun-loving, sometimes mischievous, but wholly non-aggressive characters who behave more like the elves of European legend than the awful killer apes of modern myth. "They love to dance, sing, play the harp and flute, tell jokes, compose tongue Ocean Explorer Urges More Study Of Sea vironment and each other. They don't lie, cheat, steal or kill. Unlike other tribes, there is no crime in a Pygmy village, because there is no material greed. I call them 'little and if the rest of the world lived like the Pygmy we'd be in much better shape." Hallet summed up their code of behavior: "They have three basic laws: first, love children extravagantly, with all your and our well-being are linked directly to the sea, and we know as little about much of the ocean as we do about the moon." One reason, she says, is that "those who make ocean policy are frequently not those who spend time in and around the water." Ms.

Earle, a marine botanist, is spending much of her time on dry land these days as she becomes increasingly involved in efforts to protect the oceans from the ravages of civilization. "For the first time we have the capability to radically alter the nature of the sea." she says. "To some extent, we already have, with toxic chemicals." Despite the vastness of the world's oceans, she says, "the sea is not infinite" and cannot absorb all of civilization's discards. Ms. Earle belongs to dozens of organizations dedicated to the preservation of the sea, and she travels around the world on behalf of those organizations and to participate in research conferences.

She paused recently for an interview in her office at the California Academy of Sciences here, which just opened an exhibit based on Ms. Earle's research "Exploring the Deep Frontier." The ocean, she says, provides 90 percent of the world's oxygen and is the ultimate source of fresh water. The sheer bulk of living matter in the sea plants and animals comprises more than 90 percent of all living matter on earth. "Never before have we had the late of so many species in our hands." she says, noting that a recent study found that about 500,000 species of plants and animals will be eliminated by the year 2000 if present policies don't change. "We are inheriting the errors of the past, but we are also continuing errors," Wynne tries to alter his state by climbing into an isolation tank; Capt.

Carrot on exercises to do in cold weather; Edwina Moore does another consumer taste test with fancy and supermarket ice creams; a stunt involving ice, a bed of nails and a sledgehammer. FAMILY FEUD MATCH GAME OVER EASY Guests: Vincent Price, Chef Narsai David, Dr. Donald Calne. (R)n CD JOKER'S CD ALL IN Irene Archie to at Kelsey's CDMASH After three wackier (2 MACNEIL REPORT 8:00 MOVIE "They Tibbs" Poitier, After leave the By STEWART McBRIDE The Christian Science Monitor MALIBU Listening to Jean-Pierre Hallet's story of his mission to save Africa's last tribe of full-blooded Pygmies from extinction, it is easy to be sidetracked by the sheer drama of the path he took getting there. Hallet, son of the famous Belgian painter Andre Hallet, was raised in the Belgian Congo and grew up with the Ele Pygmies on the edge of the Ituri Forest.

Later trained as an agronomist and sociologist at the Sorbonne in Pans, Jean-Pierre returned to the congo in 1948 to work with some 650,000 African blacks from 17 tribes, doing everything from delivering babies to diagnosing plant diseases. He fought a lion to death with a crude spear as part of his initiation into the ranks of the Masai warriors. He was made a blood brother of the Tutsi and Nande tribes, and is the only white man ever admitted to the Bwame Secret Society of the Lega tribe, in the eastern section of what now is Zaire. Unarmed, he once overpowered a male leopard (said to be Africa's fiercest animal) that had attacked one of his porters in the Satalinga bush. In 1956, alone and without any equipment, he walked into the tangled shadows of the Congo's Ituri Forest and lived with the Efe Pygmies for a year and a half.

He learned their customs and language (Hallet speaks 17 African languages), and was the first person compile a grammatical study and a dictionary, with 8,000 words, of the Efe language. On June 26, 1957, he obtained for his adopted people a Declaration of Emancipation'' from the Nande chieftains of Beni. who had held the diminutive Pygmies in feudal serfdom lor centuries. The bearded 6-foot, 5-inch Hallet, who at 240 pounds weighs as much as three full-grown Efe men, was dubbed "the Abe Lincoln of the Congo'' by a United States magazine. His autobiography, "Congo Kitabu," the first of a trilogy which includes "Animal Kitabu" and "Pygmy Kitabu" means book), was a national best seller and since has been translated into 21 languages, including Chinese and Russian.

Today Hallet plays down these achievements in an attempt to locus attention on his desperate mission to save the last 4.000 of the Efe Pygmies in Zaire from extinction. For centuries, each member of this nomadic tribe required two square miles of virgin forest in which to hunt and gather food lor survival. But the encroachment of government roads which began in the late 1930s, as well as coffee, lumber and cotton plantations in the Ituri Forest, have resulted in the near-disappearance of a people who numbered 75,000 at the turn of the century. The Pygmies' only hope. Hallet believes, lies in surrendering their nomadic ways and turning to agriculture.

Six years ago he established the Pygmy Fund, to raise money for farming tools, soybean seeds and other supplies, which he takes back every summer to the remaining Efe tribesmen. As a result of Hallet's efforts, the Pygmy population, which had steadily fallen for years, stabilized at 3,800 in 1975. Last year, for the first time in this century, the number actually grew; the latest census shows their population now is around 4.000. "We saved the sea otter because we cared. Why can't we save a race of people, the oldest in Central Africa? This is a most crucial time in the battle to rescue the Pygmy," Hallet said from the tiny, cluttered office of the Pygmy Fund.

"I've been working 16- to 18-hour days and haven't even been out to walk on the beach for over a year," he said, gesturing to the spectacular stretch of Malibu just across the street. MARCH 12, 1981 Copyright 1981 V. Dala. Inc. EVENING 6:00 0 STREETS OF SAN FRANCISCO Stone conducts a relentless, search for a punk who shot down a cop three days before his retirement.

OOOO NEWS S) 3-2-1 CONTACT (R)n Q) ABC NEWS 63 GUNSMOKE The son of a Russian immigrant is slain in a brutal hazing accident, and his brother seeks vengeance. CD HAPPY DAYS AGAIN Richie must decide whether to join a fraternity after he is told not to associate with his friends. CD BARNEY MILLER The detectives have to cope with an irate landlord, a musket-toting oldster and a blind shop-litter. 6:30 CROSS-WITS MACNEIL LEHRER REPORT CD THE WORLD OF PEOPLE Featured: behind the scenes of the "Wide World Of Spbrts" figure skating championships: Delancey Street's 10th anniversary; a punk food experience. CD GOOD TIMES J.J.'s far-reaching search for a date overlooks an eager candidate who takes some dangerous steps 'to insure that she'll never be forgotten again.

NEWS BD YOGA 7:00 0 M'A'S'H Alarmed physical unit, Col. to hold Olympics. NBC CD CBS ABC FAMILY DICK Guest: Anna Russell. CD TIC TAC 83 BARNABY WIN AT NORTH 462 VK984 A K842 WEST J973 53 9 8 7 5 Q106 SOUTH 4 A 6 A J9 Vulnerable: Dealer: North West North 14 Pass 2 NT Pass 4 Pass 5 Pass 6V Pass Opening twisters and engage in thrilling sports like the grand old game of archery-ball the pitcher bowls a mukole' fruit; the batter i tries to shoot it with his bow and arrow. They loathe hard work of any kind and do their elfin best to avoid it." In spite of their carefree attitude toward work, the Pygmies are highly moralistic and monogamous, and they preach a monotheistic religion.

"They pray to a heavenly deity, which they refer 1 to as 'our and see Him as the vital force of all good things on earth. They really believe they are the children of God," Hallet said. The Pygmies have a lofty moral code comparable to the Ten Commandments, and they claim that their code was received directly from God. It forbids theft, murder, adultery, sorcery or lying. They also shun the initiation ordeals, human sacrifices, intertribal wars and other such 1 customs practiced in other parts of equatorial Africa, Ironically, Hallet said, the Efe Pygmies we're "never very popular with the missionaries, because they (the Pygmies) don't welcome the concepts of fear and punishment.

They don't see men as sinners, because they are not." Hallet is highly critical of traditional foreign aid to Third World countries. He believes they to be taught self-reliance, not dependence on the haphazard charity of the industrialized world. "True charity is to love and to care. It means getting involved," he said. "In my book, giving is a dirty word.

The quick-care package is an easy way for liberals to relieve their guilt. But teaching is a much harder way of giving. "It was fun," she recalls. And frightening? "You concentrate on other things." She spent 2 1 2 hours wandering through glimmering coral, taking notes in an effort to discover how plants and animals can survive in the blackness, and what makes them shine in the dark. The object of the dive, she says, was to learn how to work at that depth.

Deeper dives have been made in small submarines, including one dive to the ocean's deepest point, at 35,800 feet, in the Mariana Trench. But those divers were limited in what they could do at such depths. The point of making deep dives, says Ms. Earle, is "not just getting there" it's developing work capability:" She is now working with Apollo astronaut Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin on the development of a bubble-shaped diving craft with greatly improved flexibility that will take researchers down to even greater depths. She and Aldrin, who has been a diver for 20 years, often discuss the similarities between space travel and ocean exploration.

"The parallels are haunting," she says. "There are so many of them." Is Evacuated Monday by another worker, leading to the evacuation of the reactor containment building and a four-hour hunt for a bomb, officials said. The mistake was discovered when the writer, who was off Monday, returned to work Tuesday and heard about the evacuation. The utility gave no explanation why the note was tossed into the trash or how it was used in the drill. 9:15 S3 WORLD'S LARGEST INDOOR COUNTRY MUSIC SHOW Kenny Rogers and Dottie West host this gala event featuring more than 100 performers and musicians.

9:30 CO TAXI Tony's lackluster boxing career seems to be drawing to a close when his boxing license is revoked. 10:00 NEWS CD KNOTS LANDING CD 20 20 PLEDGE BREAK Regularly scheduled pro- gramming may be delayed due to pledge br3ks 10:15 0 ALL YOU NEED IS LOVE "Mighty Good: The Beatles" 10:30 CD INDEPENDENT NETWORK NEWS 1 1:00 THE ODD COUPLE Oscar is fired from his longtime job as a sports-writer for failing to cover a badminton match. CD CD NEWS 63 HIGH CHAPARRAL CD TWILIGHT ZONE A schoolteacher returns to her apartment to find a child waiting for her there. 11:30 0 BENNY HILL An Australian background gives Benny the opportunity to investigate outlaw hero Ned Kelly. THE BEST OF CARSON Guests: George Pep-pard, Joel Grey, Bob Uecker.

(R) CD THE JEFFER-SONS George suggests that Lionel and Jenny sign a pre-marital (R) CD NIGHTLINE ALL LOVE "Hail! Hail! Rock And CD NIGHT "Clean Kills that kill a deer inherit the 1 1:45 03 SNEAK Roger Ebert Siskel review Pop," Chan Of The and "La II." 12:00 BIG Jarrod, Nick must nitroglycerine out a raging (Part 2) CD WIFE Sgt. Enright the force reason of wealthy woman. CD ANGELS A health surgeon is and forced an internationally criminal. (R) 63 ALFRED CD 700 CLUB 12:15 S3 NEWS 12:30 Guest: Brooks. 1:00 NEWS 63 MOVIE "Starsky (1975) David Michael By PAUL RAEBURN SAN FRANCISCO (AP) It's fright-eningly cold and almost completely dark.

The pressure is great enough to crush an unprotected diver instantly. Luminescent branches of coral and the eyes of deep-sea sharks glow in the darkness. Hundreds of feet below the surface of the sea lies a world as forbidding as the surface of the moon, as unhospitable as the empty reaches of space. Though only a few hundred feet away, it is a world we know little about, says Sylvia Earle. who has made the world's deepest solo dive.

"There's no excuse for such ignorance," says Ms. Earle. "Our survival Judge Approves Sludge Storage NEWARK, N.J. (AP) Toxic sludge dredged from the Hudson River may be stored temporarily in a park just across the river from the Statue of Liberty, U.S. District Judge Herbert Stern has ruled.

Stern on Wednesday rejected a request from Howard Singer, a biology professor at Jersey City State College, for a temporary restraining order blocking the $1.3 million dredging project. Deputy Attorney General Rebecca Fields, representing the state Department of Environmental Protection, said the Army Corps of Engineers will start dredging the river Friday to prepare for construction of a seawall. More than 100.000 cubic yards of sludge will dry at the site for up to two years before disposal, she said. CD JOKER'S WILD 6D THIS OLD HOUSE Bob Vila and Norm Abram present a progress report on the house. 7:30 BARNEY MILLER Barney hits the panic button when his wife is sent on a case in the violent South Bronx.

OTIC TAC DOUGH EVENING MAGAZINE How to get your invention from the basement to the market: Paul The address of the Pygmv Fund is P.O. Box 1067. Malibu. Calif. 90265.

Former Hijack Hostage Recounts Six Days On Jet DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) Charlotte Hubbell, whose trip to Pakistan became embroiled in an 11-day hijack by Pakistani terrorists, says conditions on the plane were "abominable" but she had to be forced to leave her husband behind with three gunmen. Mrs. Hubbell, whose husband, Frederick, is still aboard the plane in Syria along with 110 other passengers, said in a copyright interview with The Des Moines Tribune that one of the hijackers walked to her seat, pointed a gun in her face and said. "You will The couple parted with a kiss and a reassuring glance. Mrs.

Hubbell said in a telephone interview from New Delhi. India. "I refused to go, but Fred said he had to know that somebody out there understands and is working in our interest," she said. The Hubbells, members of the wealthy Des Moines family, were on a vacation when the Pakistani jetliner was hijacked by terrorists. Mrs.

Hubbell was one of two American women to remain aboard the plane when 27 other women and children were evacuated. After six days, Mrs. Hubbell was released. Mrs. Hubbell, 31.

said conditions aboard the foul-smelling airplane were intolerable. Temperatures inside were high in the afternoon. "We were allowed to mingle periodically. Not too many people did leave their chairs. Occasionally, we would leave our seats to talk to the other Americans." she said.

"But there was too much activity on the plane. They (hijackers) would come through the plane and say 'take your seats. 1:10 0 NEWS 1:40 0 MOVIE "A Lovely Way To Die" (1966) Kirk Douglas, Syl-va Koscina. 2:00 0 FACE THE MUSIC 2:25 63 MOVIE "The Groundstar Conspiracy" (1972) George Peppard, Michael Sarra-zin. 3:40 MOVIE "Call Out The Marines" (1942) Victor McLaglen, Edmund Lowe.

4:20 63 MOVIE "Country Music Holiday" (1958) Ferlin Husky, Zsa Zsa Gabor. MARCH 13, 1981 Copyright 1981 Data. Inc. DAYTIME SPECIAL 2:00 GIZMO Vintage newsreel footage from the 'pOs and '40s illustrates a humorous and loving look at inventors and their often dubious accomplishments. DAYTIME MOVIES 1:00 "No Down Payment" (1957) Joanne Woodward, Tony Randall.

3:00 CD "Seven Brides For Seven Brothers" (1954) Howard Keel, Jane Powell. 63 "Get Christie Love!" (1974) Teresa Graves, Harry Guardino. 3:30 0 "Two On A Bench" (1971) Patty Duke, Ted Bessell. she says. "The problems are immediate.

About a dozen major fisheries have crashed in the last 20 years." Ms. Earle says she is optimistic that President Reagan, despite the claims of his critics, will follow policies that protect the oceans. "Most government leaders are intelligent, and when confronted with the truth will act responsibly," she says, "Economists have a common language with ecologists they both deal with numbers," she says. "The wealth and health of nations directly depends on natural resources and on the sustainabili-ty of natural systems. "Businesses may collapse if they lose their source of supply of materials," she says.

"Everyone will win if we solve present environmental challenges." Ms. Earle made her record dive to 1,250 feet near the Hawaiian island of Oahu on Sept. 12, 1979. She wore an armored diving suit called a Jim suit, developed for work on offshore oil platforms. It was the only scientific use ever made of the suit, which looks like a space suit and is equipped with a self-contained air supply.

Nuclear Plant SODDY DAISY, Tenn. (AP) A written bomb threat that led to the evacuation of 10 workers at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Sequoyah nuclear plant was actually a discarded note composed as part of a safety drill, say officials. The writer, an employee who was not identified, tossed the note into the garbage last week, the TVA said. It was found career when a drunken young woman he invited to a party refuses to exonerate him. 8:30 0 CD BOSOM BUDDIES Henry is accused of being too much of a gentleman and tries to change his image.

(R) SUPERSTAR PROFILE "Mel Brooks" 9:00 MOVIE "The Million Dollar Face" (Premiere) Tony Curtis, Polly Bergen. The ruthless owner of a cosmetics firm becomes involved in heated competition with a firm run by his former lover. CD MAGNUM, P.I. Magnum is hired to find a man who dropped out of sight 10 years earlier. CO BARNEY MILLER BUDDY HOLLY: REMINISCING Twenty years after Holly's death, this program examines the legend of this remarkable '50s artist and explores the changes which have occurred in the lives of the members of his band, his widow, his family and the musical world.

63 MOVIE "Vanished" (Part 1) (1970) Richard Widmark, Skye Aubrey. The apparent kidnapping of a presidential adviser is blamed on a foreign power. ED PLEDGE BREAK Regularly scheduled programming may be delayed due to pledge breaks. AND MEDITATION at the poor condition of his Potter decides a M'AS'H NEWS NEWS NEWS FEUD CAVETT musical satirist DOUGH JONES BRIDGE 3-12 81 WILD' THE FAMILY Lorenzo challenges a game of pool Tavern. days of near-continuous duty, Hawk-eye's behavior becomes than usual.

LEHRER Call Me Mr. (1970) Sidney Martin Landau. seeing his friend scene of a crime, a policeman is uncertain about what he should do. BUCK ROGERS Buck runs into some half-man, half-goat creatures and starts turning into one of them. CD THE WALTONS Corabeth feuds with her estranged sister Orma Lee over a string of coveted pearls owned by their dying aunt.

CO MORK AND MIN-DY Mindy unleashes the swingingest single ever when she persuades Mork to start dating other people. SUPERSTAR PROFILE "Gene Wilder" 63 RUN FOR YOUR LIFE CD MOVIE "Mirage" (1965) Gregory Peck, Diane Baker. A psychiatrist doubts his patient's amnesia, but agrees to help him after becoming involved in a series of strange events. 63 THE PAPER CHASE "Great Expectations" A student is charged with a crime he did not commit that could end his law agreement. ABC NEWS YOU NEED IS Rock 'N' Roll: Roll" GALLERY And Other A man stipulates his son must before he can family fortune.

PREVIEWS and Gene "American "Tribute," "Charlie And The Curse Dragon Lady" Cage Aux Folles VALLEY and Heath transport some to help put forest fire. MCMILLAN 4 resigns from for the unlikely marriage to a and beautiful CHARLIE'S spa's plastic held hostage to operate on known HITCHCOCK PRESENTS CAPTIONED ABC TOMORROW comedian Albert And Hutch" Soul, Paul Glaser. 10 EAST 10 4 7S2 KJ432 753 8 5 AQJ10 By Oswald Jacoby and Alan Sontag The Professor looked over dummy and remarked, "There are so many ways to make this contract that I had best guard against as many bad breaks as possible. I'll be awfully embarrassed if I go down." The student who was dummy got up, walked to where he could see the professor's hand, took a quick look at the West hand also and thought that with spades not breaking and all finesses wrong, the Prof might well be embarrassed. The student gave a start when the Prof led the diamond ten from dummy at trick two and ruffed it with the ace of trumps.

The queen and jack of trumps were played next with dummy's king overtaking the jack. Now the Prof ruffed dummy's queen of diamonds; entered dummy with the king of clubs; led dummy's nine of trumps to pick up the last adverse trump and went ajter spades. He ruffed out West's jack with dummy's last trump and made the last two tricks with the ace of clubs and his fifth spade. The Professor had used a dummy reversal to be able to bring in six trump tricks instead of the mere five that were there if he had drawn trumps to start the proceedings. (Newspaper Enterprise Assn.) Both East South Pass 24 Pass 3 Pass 4 NT Pass 5 NT Pass Pass A.