Evening star from Washington, District of Columbia • 17

INTEREST IN AMERICAN ECONOMIC UNION KEEN Suggestion of Co-operation Among Republics, Employing Own Productive Forces, Widely Discussed. BY GASTON NERVAL. A FEW weeks ago Minister of Foreign Affairs Planet of Chile a statement suggesting the possibility of an economic union of the American republics. Stronglv indorsing the idea of customs unions 'in the Western Hemisphere, Tie said: conditions prove the paramount importance of inter-American economic co-operation In employing, with mutual advantage, our own productive forces. The great depression of! world business is destructive to our vltality because we lack mrans of collec- live defense and because we aggravate the internationally troubled situation with local barriers which our ancestors liau already considered contrary to the lucuie welfare of the American boon afterward, probably encouraged by the favorable reception his balloon" met with in most of the Latin American capitals, Chilean foreign minister sent out a note to the governments of all those countries inviting them to an international conference for economic relief.

Such conference, as I mentioned before in these columns, is supposed to deal with the critical economic prob- lems at present confronting nearly every one of the Latin republics, with tariff arrangements which stand in the way of closer commercial Interchange, and with the difficulties some of the neighboring countries are encountering in trying to meet their foreign financial obligations. Question Widely Discussed. Ever since the first communique from the Chilean foreign office was carried by the wires to the front pages of influential newspapers in the continent, statesmen and editorialists on both sides of the Rio Grande have bran discussing the odds and probable advantages of i regional economic pacts. Such interest i tUMi naturally been Increased with the -official call for a Latin American eoocomic conference which would be held Tr one of the Southern capitals next September. The more so when this would precede by only a Vtnonth the general Fourth Pan-Ameriq can Commercial Conference convoked Washington by the Pan-American fjniom The idea of regional economic unions fcmong countries of the New World was first mentioned some 20 years ago by ithe noted Argentine statistician, dro E.

Bunge. His project of a Southem Customs Union, including five latin American republics, was further developed by the Chilean economists, Eliodoro Yanez and Guillermo Subercasaux. It is this project, undoubtedly, which gave the Chilean government the basis for its recent suggestion of a Latin American economic union. Senor Bunge's plan involved the republics of Argentina, Chile. Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.

These five countries together have an area of 6.015.000 square kilometers and a popu- 1 lation of 21,560,000. As a geographic unity they could be well compared with the United States or a United Europe as proposed by M. Briand. They pos- sess a greater length and therefore a greater variety of climates, which means a greater variety of production. There is no raw material of any importance, according to Senor Bunge, which is not or cannot be produced within the terri- torial area formed by the five mentioned countries.

Vast Food Possibilities. The various regions of this proposed Southern Economic Union would complement each other perfectly. The fertile Argentine and Uruguayan pampas could produce food for a population of more than 100.000.000 inhabitants; the mineral deposits of the Andes and Bolivian altiplano are almost i ible: the cold products of the Pata- teonia region and Tierra del Fuego are riumerous. and so are the valuable prod- ucts which could be raised on a large scale in the torrid zone of Bolivia and Paraguay. Not only would this union of the five Southern republics solve the problem of iron and fuel supply for them second one in a complete way, for it includes, besides coal, oil and water power in it would place them in a privileged position with respect to the rest of the world, with almost a monopoly of several raw ma- terials essential to world economics, The Southern Economic Union would! possess one-third of the world's flax-; seed, one-half of the world's corn, 30 per cent of the world's whpat, 23 per cent of the tin and 17 per cent of the copper, 40 per cent of the world's drugs, the third largest livestock In the a gold stock only inferior to those of the United States and France, end so cn.

If these figures relate to a proposed union of only the five southernmost Latin American republics, it can be easily visualized what an economic union of all the countries south of the Rio Grande would amount to. Os course, the rest of the nations of the continent are so widely separated by geographic, economic and political barriers that such a union must still be considered in the realm of utopias, but, nevertheless, the idea has already been officially suggested by the Chilean government. Three Important Three factors may be mentioned as bringing about this revival of the customs union principle in Latin Amcr- lea. In order of occurrence they may pe explained as follows; The suggestions of economic unions In Europe and in the British empire; the passage of high protective tariffs by the United States and other American republics, and the Protection of Sea Travelers Sought by League of Nations BY FRANCIS M. MANSFIELD.

Emigrant seagoers are to be protected from financial risk of accident at sea if a solution can be found bv the League of Nations for the problem which has been under discussion for some vears. The situation is equally applicable to other travelers by sea, be they tourists or business men. Statistics relating to the post-war emigration of Europe show that it now amounts to about 700.000 persons a year according to the information collected by the Permanent Commission for the Protection of Migrants. Need for international action by a evstem of adequate legal and diplomatic guarantees is urged. Discussion has already occurred between various national authorities as to the desirability of transferring the question from the field of private law to that of public law.

Ship Responsibility. Sir Norman Hill, vice president of the British Chamber of Shipping, is quoted as saving that the responsibility of ship owners, as it now stands, is subordinated to a number of different conditions. In grave disasters it is a matter of proving responsibility, sometimes exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, in case of the total loss of the vessel and the principal officers responsible for its conduct. Figures presented by a British marine insurance company, referring to claims exceeding SSOO, show that the average settlement was made on a basis of $785. Comment is made that the liligants received only about 60 per cent or the sum, however, in that and court charges absorbed the test.

serious crisis afflicting today every one of the Latin American nations, as a consequence of the world-wide economic depression. The factor last mentioned has prob! ably had the greatest Influence in bringi ing forth the idea of economic unions among the countries of the Western Hemisphere. For the last two years Latin America has been suffering from the effects of the world's economic illness. In fact, it would not be venturesome to say that some of the Latin American nations have been the hardest hit. One-crop countries most of them, the decline in prices of the particular commodity in which their whole national economy was centered has cut in half the public and the private incomes, wrecked entirely the government's budget and resulted in a general business depression of unusual characteristics.

The sugar crisis in Cuba, the tin crLsis in Bolivia, the coffee crisis in Brazil, poor agricultural conditions in I Argentina, financial complications in I Peru, slow business in Colombia, and so on, are reported daily by the press. Depending largely on the exports of their chief natural products to rover their expenditures and meet their foreign obligations, the I.atln republics I have been forced, by this uncontrollable decline in values, to cut down their budgets to a minimum, to create new taxes, to compromise their credit and to face the gravest, financial conditions they have experienced in years. Poor Use of Funds. Furthermore, to the natural evils of i the business crisis which has swept the i world at large, another factor has added to the seriousness of the situation in Latin America. And that is the poor administration of the national funds by inexpert or dishonest regimes, which were only recently overthrown.

The failure of the old regimes in handling the economic problems, aggravated by government, corruption, was I precisely the underlying cause of sev-1 eral of the popular revolts which have successfully taken place in Latin America during the last 12 months. i Under such circumstances, in the midst of the worst crisis that Latin America has ever witnessed, it is not strange to see the idea of economic cooperation among American states revived by the suggestion the Chilean foreign office. In advocating economic unions in the New World Minister Planet Is only fol- I lowing the example of the wise M. Briand with his Pan-Europe scheme and the English supporters of a British empire customs union. I have already mentioned these discussions of regional economic alliances as one of the factors probably motivating the Chilean attitude.

Finally, as for the other factor suggested, It is only logical to believe that the reaction provoked in Latin American public opinion by the highly protective tariff recently adopted by the United States and the harmful results so far I observed may have had some influence in determining the Chilean minister of foreign affairs to step out to the iorej front with his proposal of customs i unions. The reception which the Chilean suggestion has met with in the capitals of the Latin-American republics and in this country deserves a separate article. In the meantime, the importance already attributed to it may be clearly noticed by the announcement made by the Pan-American Union that Senor Planets proje't shall be included In the discus: ion of the Fourth Commercial Pan-Amcrlcan Conference to meet in Washington next October. Certain Considerations. This announcement, however, suggests certain considerations which it seems only timely to express.

The Pan-American Commercial Conference will be materially unable to discuss thoroughly the problem of an international economic union in the seven days of its tenure. There is, on the i other hand, another institution in Washington, the Inter-American High Commission, which has been working with the Pan-American Union in the fostering of economic links between the Americas, and which seems most appropriately organized to take up the study of such problems. The Inter-American High Commission is made up of national committees over by the minister of finances of each American republic and completed by a group of the most prominent economists, financial and business leaders, in each particular country. The United States section of the Inter-American High Commission. headed by the Secretary of the Treasury, has had a particularly active role in the preparation of programs, comparative data, statistics and legislation submitted to the various Pan- American conferences gathered during the last 15 years.

Even now, to promote the success of the next Pan- American Commercial Conference, It has sent out to the corresponding national commissions memoranda on various topics in the agenda of the conference, so that the appointed delegates may get acquainted with them in advance. The Inter-American High Commission appears, therefore, to be in a privileged position to study at large problems of economic co-operation in the Western Hemisphere which require time, method, and the aid of expert knowledge. Why should not it be Intruded, then, by the next Pan-American Commercial Conference, with the task of studying the possibilities of economic unions in the continent, and report its findings to the Eighth Inj temational Conference of American States to be held in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1933? I 1931.) The validity of private insurance contracts binding the shipowner has been questioned generally, and it is observed that the support of the United States for any svstem restricting the responsibility of the carrier has been declared problematical. Shipowners of various countries have shown some op- I position to insurance, fearing that new obligations may be imposed on them which would probablv not abolish their present legal responsibility. Those concerned with the rights of passengers, on the other hand, have shown some suspicion of an agreement which might place serious limitations on the right of victims of accidents at sea to full compensation in the form of damages.

Opinion is said to be in favor of a system of insurance instituting compensation on the basis of responsibility, as has been done by the legislation relating to compensation for industrial accidents. (Copyriaht. 1931.) Berlin Has Telephones With New Lighted Dials has introduced a novel telephone device. From now on any one with an automatized telephone need not worry to make calls in the dark. A newly invented disc upon which both the letters and figures can be seen at night is now being used by subscribers with automatized telephones.

Approximately 40 of 89. telephone exchanges have iiready been equipped with disc apparatus. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. JULY 19. TWO.

Has New Alsace-Lorraines France Sees Bretons, Basques, Corsicans and Other Subject Races Awaken to Sense of Nationality. Prom Colored by T. Simon. THE PORT OF CONCARNEAU, BRITTANY. HERE NATIONALISM HAS BEEN STIRRED INTO A STRONG FLAME.

BY EMIL LENGYEL, The Famous Author. ALTHOUGH France is generally held to be more or less homogeneous In language, historical background and national aspirations, she is the home or a. number of Alsace- Lorraines, if by that term we mean national minorities struggling for selfexpression within the bounds of their present allegiance. The belief that the French Republic is the prototype of a Authors, Producers and Actors Fight Against Film Censorship Germany BERLIN film now 30 years old. is showing such signs of irascibility that producers declare they cannot risk anything stronger these days than "Mary's Little Starting with "All Quiet on the Western the reform wave of film censorship struck down one after another new picture, foreign and domestic alike, either on moral, political or ethical grounds.

The recent banning of a UFA film, Train has served to reveal the tastes of the censorship board in its guardianship of public security and morality. A scene concerning a plot to dyna- mite an express train, for was objected to leven though the plot; failed) because it might incite imita- i tion. Further, the board opined, the confidence of railway travelers in modern-day safety might be undermined, with consequent damage to The regrettable fact that a policeman was shot down in the film offered another snarl; clever policemen are not supposed to come to grief. The public must have faith in its cops. Dates Bark to 1899.

This sort of thing is felt to be a throwback to the days of censorship's groping (he days when Ger-, man saloonkeepers, finding the cinemas cutting into their trade, appealed to the police to censor pictures more closely because, since the auditorium was darkened during the performance, there was an obvious incitement to impropriety. Many persons here maintain that the level of discrimination in censorship has not risen above that established by the saloonkeepers. Film censorship of a legal character, more or less, dates back in Germany to 1899. The screen then, of course, was awkwardly finding its feet. Otto Messter had Just shown the first German picture.

Critical Years of The police did not know what to do at first. There was no law authorizing them to supervise the new art. But they had to do something. What they did was to dig out an ordinance dating back to the year 1852, which concerned the preservation of order at public assemblies. That sufficed to subject films to police control, and the germ of censorship began to develop along with the intense Interest in the films themselves.

Some Banned Pictures. In 1907 film actors were fined for holding the King's costume up to ridicule; they had been filming a uniformed drama in the Berlin streets. In 1911 the pictures of the Jeffries- Johnson bout were banned on the basis that their effect on the public mind was brutal. One of the next throbs of genius was to forbid a film showing a child last in the snow on the ground that children should not be permitted to run around alone. In 1914 an American white-slave film banned because it was And so on.

The revolution of 1913 did away with film censorship by the police, but in 1920 a special law was passed establishing it anew and creating movie censorship boards to enforce it. These boards are today made up of two persons from social welfare and juvenile protection bodies, one from the film industry itself, one author and a Government offlcal as chairman, appointed by the ministry of the interior. Appeals from the decisions of the local boards may be taken to the German chief censor, at present Councilor Dr. Seeger of the ministry of the interior. Local decisions, it may be stated, are rarely reversed.

The film reform wave has naturally resulted in protests from screen authors, actors and producers, who want to know if German films must be especially fitted to the mental qualities of children and simpletons. The industry at the same time is treading softly; some companies have submitted scenarios to the censor in advance only to find that I centralized country, closely knit In thought, will turn out on closer exami! nation to have no firmer basis than the suggestive power of an age-old desire. France's tendency has been toward I centralization, but the ideal has not been accomplished. Maurice Duhamel. a champion of Breton autonomy, has tried to prove that the French are a minority in France.

He bases his thesis mainly on the linguistic composition of the country. By quoting good authority for including nearly 10,000,000 Provencals in the non-French speaking population. will not commit himself before production. A measure making even more stringent the regulations on film censorship is still in committee in the provisions of this bill are so unrelenting as to have brought on a counter movement with the aim of abolishing movie censorship completely. I The Fall meetings of the Reichstag will see the opposing camps, with their lobbyists and legislators, lined up squarely against one another for a final clash.

The outcome will, one way or another, be one of enormous Importance to the German film industry, as well as to the United States and other countries supplying the German market. I MERCHANDISING BY BRUCE BARTON. AN earnest gentleman called at my office with a He said that this is the time for me to write and induce somebody to publish some full-page advertisements on Merchandising. The attention of all executives is now focused on the subject, he sqld. If we could only get tnem to it would the whole business and start the of I asked him what he meant by merchandising.

He hemmed and hawed, and finally rearked: you know, merchandising; everybody knows what you mean by I told him that I had listened to much conversation on that subject in 1929, but had never heard any one define the term. "In those boom days it seemed to mean I continued. meant trying to get barber shops to put in a side line of lawn mowers, urging toilet goods departments to carry ice cream cones, forcing automobile parts into delicatessens. meant pushing up the sales quota 25 per cent every year; lying awake nights to think up ways of making people buy more than they needed; going out extravagantly to steal the other customers. All that sort of highpressure activity was walking around under the banner of in I said, if, when we speak of back to has set out to demonstrate that the French imposed upon the uncritical world their contention of a unified country, whereas France actually is one of nationality states, the majority of the people being composed of Alsatians, Basques, Bretons.

Coriscans, Flemish people, Normans and Provencals, not to speak of the smaller racial units. Some of the nationalities of France, it is true, have been assimilated in thought and language. But others have retained most of their national characteristics. Growth Held Hereditary: Little Credit Given Environs by Science Environment has little or no influence on grow h. heredity being the dominant factor, Prof.

Henry Edmond Crampton, head of the Department of Zoology at Barnard College, has determined after a series of studies covering 25 years, with land snails and partula I as mediums. Dr. Crampton. who is now at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu co-ordinating the results of his 25-year study, has also obtained evidence that evolu: tion is still going on with rapid strides today. Chances have occurred during the last 25 years in the size and variety i of many specimens studied, his statistij cal records show.

1 An intensive study of land snails and we mean getting back to that rush and strain then I am not much He went away shaking his head, as if I had uttered treason against the great spirit of American enterprise. Perhaps he was right; perhaps I am getting old and But the kind of merchandising problems that I believe our country must face sooner or later are problems like the following: Why, with so much wealth, are so many men out of work? Why is our economic machinery so clumsy that men can go hungry in New York while other men are feeding wheat to hogs in Kansas? Why, with so many laborsaving devices, have we so little leisure? Why are factories closed when a large percentage ot the human race is still barefoot, undernourished and wet when it rains? Why were our parents, who were so much poorer than we, still so much more contented, peaceful and secure? How can we think more about human beings and less about money? How can we recognize the economics of distribution so that everybody can have more of the good things of life as a result of steady, smooth production? I cannot answer these questions, but I do believe it is important to get as many men as possible thinking about them. Even if we have to divert a few minutes from our (Oopyrlfht, The Normans are school examples of assimilated nationhood. The same process which has transformed i the Normans into French is hard at work In the South of France, the habi! tat of the Provencals The problem of the Alsatians and of other races has been set forth frequently, and it will not be considered here. We will confine ourselves to the plight of three French Bretons, the Basques and the Corsicans fate (Continued on Fourth Page.) partula In their natural settings, necessitating museum trips to the Society Islands of the South Seas, as well as actual experiments on live snails in the Barnard greenhouse and laboratories, is the basis of Dr.

Crampton's conclusions. He has been aided by Mrs. Florence Lowther. associate in zoology Barnard. Mrs.

lowther explained that the time required for the development of one generation of snails is four months, The snails, being hermaphroditic, are isolated in individual jars, thousands of which are kept in the laboratories. Another in Research. Another member of the Barnard faculty who will be engaged in significant research this Summer is Prof. Raymond C. Moley.

head of the Depart- of Government, who is serving as consultant to Samuel Sea bury in the formulation of the constructive aspects of his report on the Magistrates' i Courts, which will probably be submilted in September. In addition. Prof. Moley is working with Gov. Roosevelt's Commission on the Administration of Justice in New York State.

He will also be engaged ir. formulating further plans for the new Institute of Criminology at the University of California. The institute, though functioning now. is still in an experimental state. Prof.

Moley having assisted last Fall in planning its opening. A study of the inheritance of various plant characteristics, particularly shape, will occupy Prof. Edmund W. Sinnott of the Botany Department this Summer. Prof.

Sinnott, who has been working on the problem 15 years, has gathered considerable evidence that shape is controlled by genetic factors entirely independent of those which control size or any other plant characteristic. He has found that in squashes and gourds shape is determined almost at the very beginning of development, when the bit of tissue which will ultimately produce the fruit is one-millionth as big as at maturity. There are slight changes of shape during development, the fruits in some cases growing relatively a little flatter or more elongated, but these differences in developmental history are also found to be inherited. Definite Genetic Factors. According to Prof.

Sinnott, other work on inheritance of shape "indicates that in other organisms shape is also controlled by definite genetic factors similar to those found by students of heredity to control color and other characteristics. Other faculty members engaged in research this Summer include Dr. Helen Huss Parkhurst, assistant professor of philosophy, and Dr. Gladys A. Reichard, assistant professor of anthropology.

Dr. Parkhurst. who was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship this year, is abroad studying the architecture of Continental cathedrals and Oriental mosques. On her return she will start work on a book on the esthetics of Old World religious architecture, along the lines of her earlier work, Dr. Reichard, now at Ganado, is engaged in ethnological and philological study of the Navajo She has also held a Guggenheim fellowship, has lived for considerable periods of time with the Navajo tribes and is the author of Social Life of the and of a work on Navajo language.

Members of the Barnard faculty in Europe thiS Summer include Prof. Charles Sears Baldwin of the English department, who represented Columbia University at the celebration of the four hundredth anniversary of the founding of the College de France last month: Prof. George W. Mullins, acting dean, who is on a motor trip through England and France, and Miss Carolina of the Spanish department, member of a prominent Spanish family, who has U. S.

WOMAN STARTS ROW IN BRITISH PRESS COLUMN Protest Against News From America Draws Flood of Letters in Reply From London Readers. BV ARTHUR K. MANS. LONDON. loves me.

she me old petalpulling ritual well might have been applied to the correspondence In the Dally Telegraph here, which this week published a number of concerning attitudes toward America and Americans. The controversy began by the publication of a letter signed "American Woman," In which the writer complained bitterly, first, of the kind of American published In the English papers, and second, of the personal reception she and her friends met here. The result was a flood of letters to the Telegraph of which most protested the essential British friendliness to the United States and the citizens thereof, although the Dapor gave no clue to the verdict of the 27 It received but had no spece to print. The most significant feature, however, of the British writers, who replied to the American's letter was the emphasis a number of them placed upon the alleged harmful effect of American movies and talkies upon the British conception of and understanding of the United States. American Protests News.

The American's letter, which began the controversy, read In part as follows "As an American who feels extremely friendly (or would like to feel to England. I write to express mv deep regret at observing certain conditions in this country. 1 refer to the campaign constantly being carried on to create In English minds a state of antagonism toward America and Americans. "I have been In this country a year (this Is my first and during that time I have studied carefully the English newspapers with a view to discovering what is being published about the United States I find practically all that is published may be put under one or two heads: Police news takes the chief place with a deliberate playing up of any occurence, which may be made sensational, anything discreditable to the United States, which can be culled from the transatlantic news prominently displayed; also, the utterances of public even people calculate to excite ridicule or dislike of Americans are freely quoted. Says Visitors Return Bitter.

"During this year in London I have been associated with a great number of Americans of the best professors and their wives, writers, recognized artists, and other professional men and women of excellent standing in their own country, people of pure British descent, whose instincts and traditions are in favor of a friendly feeling toward England. "Without exception these people have gone, or are going, back to the United States with an intense feeling of grief and bitterness toward England in their hearts. While they have met a few i broad-minded, sympathetic Englishmen. I they have been nagged, insulted, baited I by English persons usually inferior to them in birth, education and and subjected to covert or open expressions of antagonism and have read, day after day. unfair representations of America in the press until they are weary and disheartened or roused to a feeling of actual hatred toward all English people and institutions." The next day the Telegraph published two sympathetic British replies, one saying: The average untraveled Englishmen get their impressions of America not so much from the press as from the cinema.

So long as American producers continue to flood this country with films dealing almost entirely with either crime or sex. so long will a vast majority of English people continue to hold those views on American life and institutions, which are a source of such i regret to your The other letter is signed by two Britishers: "As Britons who have many friends lin America and who always found among the better class of Americans an earnest desire for close friendship with England, we wish to protect you against the carping supercilious attitude of the Br.tish press toward the United I States. The American press is. on the whole, remarkably fair to England." S. Cinema Blamed.

The following day the paper published a column of letters on the same subject. they again placed blame for much of the trouble on American films. Another, signed "English friend of America." backed up the I American woman writer said, and ati tacked the British critics of the United 1 States. Then came one signed "Late U. S.

protesting against her charges, i saying; "As an American resident in Great I Britain, may I show the other side of the picture. I am afraid she has not lived long enough in this country to appreciate the character of the average Englishman. She is also a little too sensitive when her own people and country are criticized. When I was I Kemal Starts Row by Denying Midas Founded Turkish Capital BY FRANCOIS PSALTY. ANKARA.

June that the official spelling: of the name of the new capital of Turkey is Ankara, a curious controversy has arisen over the historical and etymological derivation of the word. The new spelling and pronunciation are a direct return to the Greek or Latin meaning anchor. The name had previously been Unghuru, said to be a twisting of the French Angora. Heretofore the Greek root of the name has always been explained on a basis of local geography and legend. The story is that King Midas, one of the Phrygian rulers, founded the city returned to Spain for a visit since the inauguration of the new republic.

New staff members, including those previously announced, are Prof. Eugene H. Byrne of the University of Wisconsin, who will head the history department: Prof. L. Susan Stebbing of Bedford College, University of London.

who will be visiting lecturer in philosophy during the Winter, and Dr. Arthur D. Gayer, research associate in charge of public works at the National i Bureau of Economic Research, lecturer in economics. Also Dr. Hugo N.

Swenson. 1930-31, Scandinavian-American fellow at Instructor in physics; John Day, Instructor in Greek and Latin; Dr. Evelyn Behrens, instructor in chemistry; Mrs. Esther McGill, instructor 1 in English; Miss Cara Kasius. district secretary of the Charity Organization Society, lecturer in social science; Miss Ruth Underhill, assistant in anthroi pology; Miss Virginia M.

Fowler, assist- I ant in botany; Dr. Richard Madden, i assistant in psychology; Miss Eleanor L. Sheehan, assistant in zoology; Miss i Susan Wolf, instructor in physical edu. cation. Prof.

Byrne, who has specialized In i medieval history, has been twice award; ed Guggenheim fellowships. He has made a study of Genoese law in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, during the course of which he has made 30.000 photostatic copies of the acts of Genoese i notaries covering these 200 years. About half of the will be brought to Barnard and Columbia for continued research. the Naval Academy at twisting the tall was the favorite form of amusement, which fortunately was taken at its true worth by the majority of the Inhabitants of these islands. Also, may remember some sayings that were of American Thompson.

for a campaign against America, such a statement Is really ridiculous. The Englishman likes his little joke, and considers It should be taken In good part by others as he takes the jokes against himself. The Englishman Is a great, good friend, and nowhere in the world will Americans get a squarer deal or more evidences of true appreciation. In spite of Individuals who constantly are doing their best to stir up bad feelings between Makes Caustic Reply. Finally, a writer signing herself "English took a good crack at as follows: "Courtesy is due every visitor to our shores, but I really fail to see why Americans should expect to be welcomed by us with open arms.

We cannot help remembering President Wilson and his 14 points, his fatal Idealism at the Peace Conference, the failure of Americans to keep their word to Join the League of Nations, and their attitude toward Europe-atlarge. and England in particular, in regard to the war debts. all regret the news received from America, but Americans must remember that bootlegging, murders and A1 Capone have certain news value in all countries. After all, it is from American films that the British public derive their ideas of loves me, she loves me not (Copyrlfht. 1931.) Japanese Officials Co-operate on Policy TOKIO.

recent appointments of Gen I. Ugakl, former minister of war in the Hamaguchi cabinet as governor general of Korea of Count Uchida, one of Japan's best known diplomats, as head of the South Manchurian Railway indicate a new era of co-operation between Japanese interests In Korea and Manchuria, according to well informed opinion here. Gen. Ugaki and Count Uchida are old-time fri-nds and they announced that they intend to co-operate in their new work. Gen.

Ugaki, in an Interview shortly after his appointment. declared that there had been insufficient co-operation in the past between the governor general of Korea and the railway administration in Manchuria. Ugaki served as acting governor general of Korea during the absence of former Governor General Salto at Geneva as head of the Japanese delegation at the abortive tripartite conference in 1927 and Is quite familiar with Korean problems believe," Gen. Ugaki declared, "that there should be close co-operation between Manchuria and Korea. We should follow a well defined and constant policy as regards these two The general recalled that during the World War there was a project to place the two territories under a joint administration, but that this had never come to pass.

"I do not necessarily favor the revival of this project," he said, "but I want to stress the need for Waikiki Beach Invaded By Hollywood Film Stars HONOLULU. sections of Hollywood setm to be moving to the famous Waikiki Beach. A few of the screen luminaries have been vacationing in years past, but not until this year have they really begun to move on Hawaii en masse. Leatrice Joy was among the first to discover Waikiki. Bert Lytell.

after playing stock here, went to California and broadcast waiis charms, but the film colony was slow to change its vacation habits. Now the favorites of the screen are coming on almost every boat. Among those acquiring suntan and Hawaiian vocabularies this season are Norma Talmadge. Gilbert Roland. Dorothy Mackaill, Mr.

end Mrs. William Powell (the latter was Carole Ben Lyon and his wife. Bebe Daniels; Stan Laurel. Warner Baxter and Mr. and Mrs.

John McCormick. The latter, after swift rise to fame as a director, declares that, for the present at least, he is out of the movie world. He was recently married to a girl not connected with the films has leased a big home here and taken up permanent residence. Marie Dress, ler was a recent visitor, as well as dozen other well known Hollywood ac, tors and actresses. and so named it because it lies within three ravines in the form of an anchor.

The earliest records, furthermore, contain many references to the anchor, and the symbol is even incorporated in the civic coat-of-arms. For centuries the old explanation has been accepted, and what was once pure legend has become Incorporated into local history. Ghazi Tradition. But this ancient tradition, like many another of the old regime, has been knocked skyward by Mustapha Kemal Pasha. The Ghazi, after considerable research into the historical antecedents of the Turkish people, believes that the Turks brought the word with them when they first settled in Anatolia, long before Alexander the Greats invasion.

Ankara, says the Ghazi, was the name of an ancient river flowing through the high plateau of Central Asia whence the Hottites, original forbears of the Turks, emigrated 3,500 years ago. They were unwilling to let their children forget the name of the stream, and so gave the name to, the city, which is today the nation's capital. This- explanation is founded partly on the researches of Sir William Ramsay, professor in Oxford University, who has established the date of the migration to Anatolia as about 35 centuries ago. Further studies on the same subject are now being undertaken by an archeological party from the University of Chicago. Americana Work Hittite Rains.

The American group, engaged in an attempt to discover the meeting point of the ancient Hittite and Turkish civilizations, is working at Alichar, in the old Hittite ruins, and at Yozgad. A number of relices which tend to show the mixed period of the two civilizations are already on display in the Ethnological Museum of Ankara. Another famous name formerly identified with the old regime. Constantinople. has been changed to Istanbul.

The old name means in Greek the town of Constantine, and the new one, from the Greek of "istan or i "to the was corrupted to Istani bul. The actual Turkish appellation of which was used infrei quently in the time of the Sultana, has been wholly abandoned. Its meaning was town of 3.