Evening star from Washington, District of Columbia • 83

ILLUSTRATED FEATURES Part Pages Advises Thousands of American Housewives BY JAMES XEYIX MILLER. AN official spokesman represents the Bureau of Home Economi- of the United States Department of Agriculture. "Aunt is her name, and she getting to be a well known and welcome radio personality. On an average, five times a week sh' conducts a series of radio chats from some 80 different radio stations throughout the country. Foods and nutrition.

household refrigeration methods. clothing and these vital considerations of the really housewife are discussed verbally by Indeed, she possesses such remaikable rest and facility that one day soon she may annex the popularity honors which have attached themselves these many long years to the person of hei official spouse. Uncle Sam by name. Something like four years ago the Bureau of Home Economics came Into being as a bona fide economic unit of the Agriculture Department. Four vears is a short space of time, and th.

new feminine governmental unit has been handicapped severely, so far. a' least, as District affairs are by the fact that it is situated at Union St Plaza, remote from the centoof Government activities. Yet toda' the bureau is carrying on as if It hadn'i a care in the world and certainly with no concern about the fact that it but an infant in the vast and complex machinery of the United States Government. The fact is. the bureau is a regula 1 b-chive for action.

Every day hun dreds of letters must answered, an bulletins sent to housewives from Main to California, from Florida to Alask- And. as if that were not enough, tes and economic studies are going on al the chemical composition of food materials, food consumption habits, housing and equipment designs for children's clothing Improvement of home methods of food preservation and many more of equal importance. The thrill that comes more than once in a lifetime is when tiny Johnny, anxious to look spick and so as to please his exacting mother, spills shoe blacking on the i parlor when little Mary, mo' mentarily away from mamma's watchful eye. spreads stove polish on her nice new frock. Parents ought to know what to do to remove the ugly stains and they need a handy source of in- formation for the purpose.

With the kindlv aid of the bureau, they need but to glance at pages 26 and 27 In Removal from Fabrics" and in short order the home fires will once burn brightly and the house will regain its neat appearance. HOW many people really know how to take the guesswork out of roasting meats? Practically none. Yet, even the novice at cookery may vie with the experts if she will but use a meat thermometer. Thereby she ma cater to the most exacting needs of he family's they wou! have their roast rare, medium or we! done. The trick is to obtain a regulp tion meat thermometer and insert i into the center of the roast just before placing it into the oven.

Thus she need worry no more as to whether It will reach the precise stage of "donelies';" she most desires. Then there is the present and always foods are best for little Johnny an- 1 Mary? Growing fast, and romping about with their playmates, the average youngsters seem to be always hungry, not only at mealtimes but in the intervals between them, particularly right after school when the youthful enthusiasm is pretty much at its height The trouble is that in the past too much emphasis has been placed on what the boys and girls ought not to eat and too little on what thev really need Th- best procedure to follow therefore, advise the bureau experts is that the mother arrang" carefully tfcree attractive meals thaT furnish all the needed substance and something equally palatable to serve between meals. Every family is interested in getting the best possible results from its income Business experience has shown that to do so is necessary in order to make checkups of profitarid losses of poor purchases and sue- ccssful ones; to plan ahead for expansion and to cut down overhead. So i is with managing the family money. It is not enough to write down a list of miscellaneous purchases and add them up For really practical purposes information must be classified under th'- headings of food, housing, clothing and the rest, and at regular intervalthe amounts spent under each heading must be scrutimxed But the average housewife Ss either too busy or is not particularly qualified to devise a workable budget system So she will welcome the new that the bureau lias Just issued a looseleaf household account book devised Mr-.

Charles G. Wooahousc of th" economic division Each group of expenditures is kept on a separate with concise directions as to what kinds of items should be entered under each head Other features of special interest are forms of yearly estimates of Inconrand expenditure; a summary of property owned;" and pages for of insurance and investments. Likewise there are special forms for thrural homemaker on which to record products furnifiied by her farm, as well as supplies preserved and canned et home The account book, known as the "Record of Family Expenditures." is available at a nominal fee. Refrigeration and Its Relation to Health" is the sub- Ject of an important series of economic slid scientific investigations now being conducted by the bureau Trie study is a co-operative project, financed by local MODKRN AhCIIHMV. learned that the "elements" are not the immutable thing ytwt ago our said they of the have seen changing by natural processes Into wmething Otters have been converted in the laboratory Jt now tte item that i Wtt ano'teJ unly hi the arrangement of the that form tte ot which ttey are romshotl and that every element may possibly lx- resolved into something else.

A (ierrnan. Miette, who was trying tie effect of violet electric iayt. on a quartz lamp full of mercury vapor, discoveied that pure gold being de jxxbted pi tip- tubes of apparatus fcteldon of New University t.ade further interesting thk line Tire theory Uiat an electric current of a certain voltage and amperttge will "crack" tte of ouicktliver tlrat are in nfkrcury vapor, knock off the eightieth electron whb in aii 'hat quicksilver from gold and leave atoms with a piairfHaiy ay stem of 7k that of pare gold Blwe ter woi th dollar a pound and gold worth 17411 a troy pound. the process. If e.u< restful arid bar Should produce gold at a nxxlcra'r 'lluie are enthusiastic rneri of already ace gold replacing I Bureau of Home Economics, Four Years Old, Teaches Important Lessons Relating to Nutrition and Types of Food, Textiles and Clothing, Housing and Equipment Surveys Are Conducted.

Experts of Bureau, otllottie. Economics lja textile left- UtLtitiivig fabric, ikroaqrt an iro net to test the Ihc Educational Exhibit of of kr Mode-yn lm, oat recipes for Aunt Safjtiwvq's Radio Listeners'. FkotoS our fee Bureiu Home representatives of the two agencies In this country most Interested In home refrigeration- the Society for Electrical Development and the National Association of lee Industries, The bodies comprise the major manufacturers of both mechanical and lee refrigerators as well opper in making stills, rooking uteri- engineering instruments and tele- graph wires What would ire the result of such a discovery on the financial sys U-ms of the world no chemist cares to predict, The financiers may have! their ideas on tire subject, but yet they are skeptical The possibility of alchemical gold Iras so long been re- garded a mere delusion that no one i outside the laboratories lias yet got his mind adjusted to tire Idea that it. may lx We shall know long whether the gold that Miethe found in his I lamp and tte gold that Hheldon is trying to produce were really pro- I hy electricity acting on oulrk sliver vapor, arid, If mi, whether gold can thus be made hi amounts iaige enough to of practical value we hliouid do the old alchemists of Middle the justice to re- I memlxo that they were far from being i hxrbs 'J hey never found opium's sbme," but they knew more aixmt matter than thousands of the self-satisfied moderns who used hr laugh them, arid their eager exertions I and tireless o.pei Imerits in search of gold laid the of the science of chemistry, which, during the ninei teeijth and twentieth centuries, has i played extraordinary a part In transforming the smial Industrial and jf'Ctual of the rate, Jiuralau ptaf. an the Interests of the tee Industry.

Dr, fitanlcy, head of the bureau, points out that ttie average housewife understands in a general way the value of refrigeration, but she is unfamiliar with the actual facts as to how to obtain refrigeration most economically under given conditions Concerning the box, ice and mechanical units she knows little. survey proposes to study just, what refrigeration will do, what It costs and the value of maintaining certain low temperatures The housewife 1 self will help In the collection of the facts A questionnaire is being sent to users of refrigeration of all kinds I "Various statements are made," Dr (Htanley explains, the most 1 desirable temperatures for home re-1 frigeratois We propose to collect precise Information on tills question What lls the Ideal temperature range for a home refrigerator, a reasonable tnaiglo of safely for a reasonable I length of The development of bacteria, drying out of food, changes in physical appearance and changes or loss In flavor, will be studied as measures of deterioration. the mechanical units now in use, (lie housewife wants to know about Ice cubes, the rust of freeing and the time required Marry hold the erroneous impression that lire cubes alrsotb flavors Olliers want Ur know If they grow stale if held too long In the trays, and how best to prepare frown desserts in mechanical freezers but not least, Is the relation of honseltold refrigeration to health. Today tire importance of careful handling of Is recognised an never before Ixiw temperature an Important element In this respect Blight traces of not perceptible to taste may cause much difficulty. The bacteriological MAGAZINE SECTION WASHINGTON, 1).

0., SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 4, V.m study will show the influence of temperature on spoilage development and available data showing the relation of such spoilage to health will be summarized." "Keep your home in order," says Good Hook Much certainly is the' slogan of the bureau. To it might be added the phrase, "With convenience at moderate cost." For some years Dr Htanley has been on tire advisory com- i rnltter of IJetter Homes in America, and sizing up a house plan Is well nigh a matter of second nature to tier I Hearken to her "Ten Commandments i of House 1 Plan house to meet the needs of the jreople who are to live In He sure the exterior design fits the she I and consider the placement of the rooms as regards sunshine and prevailing winds, it Give careful thought to (lie arrangement of rooms tu Hie three chief areas of living, sleeping and work Make these groups convenient 111 themselves anil to each oilier 3 Measure large pieces of fustiilure and iilau the rooms to fit them 4 lie sure Hie living room is large, light and airy. If necessary, sacrifice Hie size of Hie dining room to make a large living room Or have only a dining alcove, or make a combination living room and dining room. Hee that the kitchen is as compact as possible with equipment act al comfortable height and grouped Into well lighted well ventilated centers for the various Jobs A pass closet or cabinet for china, sliver and tatiis linen built into Hie wall between Hie dining room or alcove and Hie kitchen Is a great convenience. fl Insist on light, air and privacy for Hie bedrooms, Have clothes closets wide enough for a pole and hangars, 1 Taking tAp.

atiASSwork out I meatcookeru "Ti Even dish. lo be bar den in a. kitchen. 1 i not a mere shallow cubby-hole or pseudo-closet. 7, Have a good central heating Item plus the beauty and cheer of an open fireplace.

tl. lty all means build a good sleeping porch, fitted with windows or can- vus curtains In keep out rain and snow i and screened against thus and mox- 1 onlines Hroad, overhanging caves lend I privacy and protect against wind, weather and llgld Keen the bathroom small so there will be slight floor and wall space to clean If possible have a Imllt-ln tub which leaves no portions of wall and floor hard to reach for cleaning 10. Provide halls from room to room so as to Insure privacy, hut make I Item small they need occupy only a small proportion of (he lolal floor space lias long been regarded as a hug-heat In the majority of households Hut tt need not he If the work Is carefully! planned, If the kind of furnishings are chosen and handled In the right way, and ts provision is made for keening 1 out all the dirt possible, there will he no need for (he upheavals that cause! discomfort lit the entire household. Moreover, this systematic cleaning saves labor In the end and Is economical of the materials used hi (lie fundshlug and care of the housa, one curious point about houseelean- i lug Is that wheieas most women believe StadUfiaq of foods fcif- Wluis Ufa orator i thev are fully conversant with the most modern and efficient methods they actually fall down woefully and i often in the matter of considering fundamentals Take note of these general rules for easy cleaning 1 Keen dirt out of the house vegu; larly ami often 3. l.easen the number of dust-Collect- 1 tug nieces such as unnecessary floors with cracks, rough-hit-j lulled walls, superfluous draperies and i bric-a-brac.

3 bv taking the dirt away. I not by scattering It to settle again I elsewhere 4 Do heavy cleaning a little at a time to avoid the hard work and discomforts of the old fashioned Hpilng I and Pall housecleaning a Have a supply of good cleaning 1 tools and keep them In a convenient place I Use water amt other cleansing; agents sparingly because they tend to spoil finishes amt weaken glue, paste and cement. 7 Watch sharp for troublesome In- I seels and animals and take measures to ltd the house of them 8 Make all the family co-OPeiate by i leaving things where they belong and In good condition. Home laundering nowadays Is not merely a matter of seeing that hubby's shirts attain a snowy-white luster sod Junior's kiddle-suits vis In i with those of the a seteo-! title study of selection of and! FICTION AND HUMOR ihelr sensible application. Yet there are certain basic in vv inch Modern Housewife by the wayside and it Is the avowed and earnest pur- Ihvm' of the bureau to set her aright She is not always sure, for instance, whether she ought to do her washing ami ironing in a room apart from her normal housewifely nor she invariably have the laetitties tor such st'twraie quarters.

However, she is advised by ail to provide for tliem because the odors and steam from laundry work are disagreeable In a kitchen ami the handling of soiled clothing in any room to which food i is prepared is highly objectionable What sue laundry is most desirable What kind of floor material should be purchased? Moitern methods (or rare tubs, washboards and all these questions are uppermost every day iu id American house- holds Then there is ihe problem of the moat helpful washing devices In-j indeed, are the latest that are advocated by the bureau One Is a perforated funnel made to tit into a wash holler It works on the same principle as a coffee twtvolalor and materially increases the ctmilatkm of water through the clothes The tun- i nel-ou-a stick type of washer, which was the forerunner of the modern vacuum-cup type. it possible to wash estremefy dirty or infected clothing without immersing the The stick atov can he used to lift the wet (nun the Inuter- to the tuts, atthougn a smooth broom-stick perhaps equally satisfactory. Even the selection of good laundry soap and the proper use of starch are discussed by the experts for the edification of the housewife. if or more different kinds of cotton fabrics suitable for Summer dresses are piled high on store counters these days, and women are endeavoring to pick and choose among them. There arc plain and fancy weaves, dull and shiny finishes and dyes of all the colors of the rainbow, not to mention white, which always holds its own under any amount of sun and tubbing.

On the same or nearby counters are from 10 to 15 other kinds of cotton goods, satisfactory for underwear and night clothes for ail the fam' Uv, end cottons also predominate among the household fabrics. Cotton our leading household fabric. More than eight billion square yard? of cotton goods are tured and used In America annually. As an aid to the homemaker in buying textiles the bureau has issued a bullei tin telling how to distinguish cotton from other fibers and how to detect i adulteration. i The question of how to St dresses and blouses is discussed at length in a highly informative bulletin by Maud Camo-1 bell, assistant soeciallst in clothing, tiles and clothing division of the bureau, i No doubt every woman has had diff culi ty at.

some time or other with fit of a earment whether she made it herr.Mf. hired a dressmaker for the ourpese nr purchased it alreadv made. The cost of fitting garments plus the decreased dollar value and loss through misfits is an important part of th" more SR.OOO.COO.OCO annual clothing bill of Uncle Sam No one so far has estimated this one item, but the increased of labor and materials is forcing it to everybody's attention. Recent veys show that women who do their i own sewing have more trouble with al: taring patterns and fitting garments than with any other part of garment The time wasted in attempts to solve problems has great value. There Is economic loss, furthermore, if full return Is not obtained from the materials used.

So much i ''''satisfaction m.av result from an fitted garment that it soon is cast aside or is worn a 8 Consider, then, that these manifold and important activities of the bureau are accomplished with a staff of some hom" economics specialists, each i grounded in her particular I field. Dr. Louise Stanley, chief of the bureau. Is herself a doctor of philosophy human nutrition, and prior to coming to Washington had entire charge of the home economics division of the University of Missouri. Preparing Coffee Bean.

T'VDFFEE beans, al the time of their importation, are already but the "pergomer.a" or silvery skin is still adhering to the bean and. before the beans can be prepared for the roaster, it is necessary that this skin shall be removed. Into a hopper In the floor a bag or more coffee beans is emptied. Then they are carried up in small quantities on a bucket-elevator and dumped into another hopper, in which they are given a thorough shaking. This is called the beans." The keri neis roll out over a sieve about 50 inches in width and three feet in depth.

When they have been shaken and rolled the length of this sieve there is to be found no particle of foreign matter clinging to the bean. The refuse from this dirt, stones, dried leaves, bits of hemp. cast to one side, while the bean, clean, falls into still another hopper, preparatory to being run i through the "separator." This consists of a series of sieves of different sizes. It divides the kernels into lets according to medium, small, flat and pea be cry Now the beans are ready for the roasters. These huge devices, operated by electricity, show a long row of circular gas jets on the Inside of the cylinder.

The outside of such a revolving cylinder is crossed with raised metal fences, placed zigzag, so that, as they turn, the coffee beans roll down from one and fall against another support that keeps them continually in motion, thus preventing burning or unequal roasting of the beans. I Roughly speaking, each roaster will work upon 400 pounds of coffee beans at a time. About 25 minutes or half an hour is required to "pull" a roast of this quantity. The whirling of the cylinder is most regular and a uniform temperature Is maintained during a roast in order to get the best results. When the roasting is finished the heat is turned off.

and the beans are poured into large, square cooling vats having wire nettings laid across a few inches from the bottom. The roast lies in the vat about six inches deep. and. under the net tray, a suction machine draws away the heat, a process that orevents "sweating" Were such a large quantity of coffee bears allowed to tie in a lump and to cool by natural methods the inner beans would retain the heat much longer than the others, with the result that they would sweat, producing a ruinous effect upon the toffee Everv variety of coffee bean must tv i its special mast, careful attention in this respect being given to the tastes iof various customers. Fur instance, the French prefer their coffee roasted very dark so that it is quite heavy, while in the United States, particularly In the East, people have a fancy for coffee that Is just about Binocular Magnifier.

'THERE is now in use a binocular magnifier which enables men oi science to make minute examinations of objects with a low magnification, to enjoy the advantages of the use of both eyes simultaneously, thus improving ihe general definition and enabling the observer to view th object uv rrlvt with natural perspective. With the older form of binwuhn magnifiers, this condition was lost sigh; (of and consequently the depth of den nition and true perspective are targvl' impaired with these constructkvna To overcome this thete have been arranged two rhombohedrtc prisms tn order to reduce the distance between the opt tea' axes on the object side ot the prom so that both fields of vtew appea withm comparatively small cvvnvergeoi angles The magnifier ts hekt in place bv an adjustable clastic headband or a fiber one if preferred Fite eveoHve raps are ot hard nibbei vhan to ni snugly over the edges of th' iorbit, but allowing sufficient space to: i the insertion ot corrective glasses it reiquited for astigmatic eves Provision Is made for ventilation to me vent the accumulation of moisture upon Ihe smf faces of the lens. In addition, there am apertures in Ihe lower part vd each eve piece through whk'h the observer mav locate or pick up or maim. ineuts of whk'h use Is made For Ihe exammatkm of deep cavities or dark uneven specimens an appliance utav be fitted to the I binocular megnlfter The population status of a country can be kept up only if an average of three to four chthhen am Mu in aaob (aukdgv.