The Progress-Index from Petersburg, Virginia • Page 2

4 Petersburg-Colonial March 10, 1959 Editorials "You Took the Words Righ Out of My Mouth" JAMES MARLOWS EARL WILSON But Allowances Can Be Made Assurance that the nation is not about to lapse into a state of unanimity in.the face of the 'Berlin crisis, and as a result of efforts a solid congressional front, comes from Senator Stuart Symington. He warns that there is "real danger of a shooting war or shameful, surrender" as a result of the crisis. Most people in and out of the Administration would agree, but the senator from Missouri goes "on to charge that the Eisenhower administration has failed to recognize growing dangers in the international situation. This makes a curious commentary upon its present behavior, but the difference is that Senator Symington feels that an immediate marshaling of military strength is needed. In his opinion the steps which are being taken are not enough.

In addition to immediate mobilization, Senator Symington calls upon the administration to call an immediate conference of bank- 'ers, business men, and labor leaders to plan for national economic expansion. The differences of opinion betwen these groups, he says, can only please the Kremlin. The differences which are likely to please the Kremlin are not.de- nor is any assurance given that a conference would compose them. Even in a time of crisis it is proper that free expression of differences of opinion should prevail. The general difference between Senator Symington and the administration on such matters has been aired before.

As for judgment, it would seem that President Eisenhower and his military advisors should be better qualified than Symington to say what should be done. His assertion that the administration is failing to recognize the crisis is, of course, disturbing. It would be much more disturbing if he were not a leading prospect for next year's Democratic presidential nomination and if he had not been addressing a party rally, It's A Challenge To Adaptation One of those funny but not- so-funny news stories tells of a psychologist observing that a person who is not worried in times like these is a neurotic. In other words, there are legitimate worries in which people are supposed to engage and illegitimate worries which should be avoided. 'The real neurotics, it seems, are those who concentrate upon the second rather than the first category.

Proper subjects of worry, says the same source, are: whether man will survive; how he can learn to know himself; and how he can learn to love. Listed as an improper subject for worry is how to make a million dollars. Judging from observations as well as statistics, most people do not qualify as neurotics under the psychologist's definition; for most people are safely worrying about the proper subjects of worry. Anyone could choose a given date in history, ancient, medieval, or modern, and demonstrate that there were always suitable subjects for worry, usually arising from the skill and diligence with which man has created such subjects, but it seems accurate to say that more people are worried over more things than ever before. The fact that man has put a question mark beside his own survival as a species is something new, by comparison with which the ancient cruelties seem finite Jf not small.

The strain resulting from the novelty is rather obvious. One cheerful reflection arises from the fact that man is the most adaptable of animals. Perhaps he will learn to live more successfully with his worries. Anyway, he no longer needs any Rooseveltian advice to live dangerously. He just lives that way whether he wants to or not.

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Cm. Submission Also Has Its-Problems Governor Nelson Rockefeller is under fire from" Herbert Hill, NAACP labor secretary, for failing to support civil rights legislation which the NAACP favors. Presumably the reference is to proposals going beyond the already sweeping legislation which New York has, including a fair employment practices law. The governor says that the lack of support charged against him is completely that at a recent meeting he complete sympathy for the objectives discussed by the NAACP. Even without knowing just what the argument is about, we can reach one conclusion: Life can be pretty rough for people who are resisting and opposing the NAACP, but apparently it can be almost as rough for those who try to do its bidding but fail to go all the way.

The New York item offers further discouragement to the hope, which is sometimes expressed now, that the organization, having won such striking legal victories, will adopt a course of moderation or restraint in pressing its advantages. Farm Surpluses And Food Needs (Editorial Research Reports) Running up of huge surpluses of agricultural commodities in the United States, while millions of the world's people go hungry, is disturbing many Americans. President Eisenhower referred to the anomaly in a special message to Congress at the end of January. He urged provision for greater use of food surpluses to help hungry people short, using food for peace." The United States participated in numerous global feeding operations in the past dozen years. Postwar relief programs eventually gave way to sales of surplus commodities for foreign currencies and exchanges of farm surpluses for foreign strategic materials.

Such transactions now absorb annually substantial amounts of commodities the government has acquired through price-support operations. But they neither reduce the surpluses very much in the long run nor go very far to allay hunger in countries where people are underfed. Experts have estimated that if all the surplus food in this country in 1957 had been distributed among, the world's 1.8 billion underfed people', it would have been enough to give each no more than the equivalent of two teacupfuls of rice once in 17 days. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has come to the conclusion that supplies from food-surplus areas, however valuable in emergencies, cannot solve the basic problem of backward food-deficient areas. Countries that need the food do not have the resources to buy it, and shipments under special terms interfere with efforts to expand native food production.

Substitution of modern farming methods for primitive practices is what is vitally needed to increase agricultural productivity in the underfed countries. As for the surpluses that disrupt the farm economy of the United States, Congress and successive administrations at Washington have been trying for nearly 40 years to find an effective way to deal with them. Acreage controls, marketing agreements, and soil conservation schemes have been-freely applied, but no plan or combination of plans has succeeded in holding down for long the bounteous output of American in simultaneously trying to hold up farm prices the federal government has acquired huge amounts of corn, cotton, wheat and other commodities. The investment in surplus stocks has mounted from around $3 billion in 1953 to nearly $9 billion today. Measures to curb production have been no match for the job in the presence of measures to support prices.

Farmers restrained from planting all the acres they would like to plant naturally seek to get more out of what they do plant The incentive is all the stronger when the government guarantees good prices. As a result, American agricultural productivity has ben increasing by leaps and bounds. The total area of crop land has changed little since 1020, but output has gone up and up. Combined crop yields in 1958 were 11 pcr cent higher than ever before, though the acreage planted was the smallest in 40 years. Per acre yields of the four major feed crops set new records.

Two and one-half times as many bales of cotton were produced on not much than one-fourth as many acres as 30 years ago. The average cow produced 1,300 more pounds of milk a year than the 5,000 pounds produced 10 years ago. Numerous factors have been responsible for such greatly increased yields- intro- ducHon of farm machinery on a large scale; improvement and greater use of fertilizers and insecticides; crop specialization; conquest of animal diseases and improvement of animal feed; growth in size of farms and more efficient management. Most or alt of those factors are still at work, so that farm yields arc expected to keep on mounting so long as the incentives are there. How to feedlhe rapidly growing American population arouses no apprehensions, but what to do about farm surpluses is as much of a puzzler as' ever.

World Today Russian 'Chemists' Khrushchev's Troubles Russians are a drinking folk, generally speaking. They like vodka and brandy and other liquors and many of them enjoy getting a load on, as the expression goes. Nikita Khrushchev himself has not'been notorious as a teetotaler. However, in his final speech at the Party Congress, Khrushchev said this: "In their speeches some of the delegates to the congress condemned hard drinking and raised the question of intensifying the fight against this evil, the measures against illicit distilling 'of alcoholic spirits not only spoil sugar, grain, and other products, not only profiteer, but also make drunkards of weak-willed people and poison their constitutions, because Illicitly distilled spirits have a large content of fuel oil. "I consider that the suggestions to intensify the struggle against 1 hard drinking' and illicit spirit; distilling are correct and the congress supported the comrades who advanced these suggestions." In effect, this means that the laws against hooliganism will be applied to drunkenness.

Party members who drink more than they can hold will be expelled. The good old days, when one could eat various kinds of caviar and drink down a bottle of vodka at a meal or fill in with herring and marinated are to be done away with. But what are the Russians to drink? Water? This is, indeed a new generation of Russians! By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Khrushchev really is protesting against illicit stills and bootlegged liquors. In a word, the ugly head of private enterprise has reared itself and is secretly making and selling the stuff.

For this is what Khrushchev said: ''It would have been a good thing if the central committees of the communist parties and the councils of ministers of the union republics paid more attention to this question and outlined concrete steps against the abuse of alcoholic liquors and against illicit spirit distillers those 'chemists' who cause grave injury to people's health and harm society. I think that draft laws on this question should be drawn up in the republics and turned over for discussion by the people." The good old days of Al Capone have come to Soviet Russia and Khrushchev is worried. I do not know whether the speak-easy has yet appeared there, but once bootlegging gets going on a big scale not only does the government lose revenue but the bootlegger turns to other forms of operations. Some of them turn to vice and show the little girls how to make a buck or so; some of them go into gambling. They first corrupt the police and then take over local governments.

There is no private enterprise in Soviet Russia. Nobody owns a factory or a mill or a store. It is all government-owned and operated. The Marxist socialistic doctrine that the government should own the means of production and distribution, is carried out in every respect without exception. But Khrushchev himself admits that there are "chemists" who run private stills and that there is illicit rum running like back here in the 1920's when a noble experiment turned out to be a source of enormous income to murderers, thieves, crooks, gangsters, vice lords and others who discovered the doctrine that there was lots of money in the violation of the taw, provided you knew the right people.

Khrushchev may discover that no illicit still can exist unless his police permit it to exist and that nobody can sell the stuff secretly unless the police are in on the secret. Therefore, he needs to have a look at his police force, both the overt police and the secret police. They are without doubt engaging in a little private enterprise of their own. Maybe, they make the stuff. Who Also, Khrushchev might begin to worry as to what- happens when he stops the bootlegger? from selling liquor.

The next step is to sell dope. Way back, in 1918, when I lived in Tientsin, there was a dope route from Tientsin to Harbin. Most of the stuff then was reputed to come from Persia but was probably manufactured somewhere in Siberia. One of the world centers for the manufacture of heroin is now Much of this product now finds its way into the United States. If Mao Tze-tung wants a nearer market for the stuff, he can find it in Soviet Russia.

YourMoney's Worth Cure For Unemployment It was a private luncheon and the executive in charge of hiring for one of the nation's giant corporations was speaking freely: "Sure, we expect better business and our sales are going up. But while we're producing more than at this time in 1958, we're doing it with thousands less on the payroll. It's really amazing how much we were able to tighten up on costs in 1957-58 and how handsomely our more efficient plants and machinery are paying off now. "And-I'll tell you this. I'd rather have our employes work a longer week and pay overtime than add one more man than necessary to the payroll.

We got such brickbats thrown at us when' we had to lay off men last that 'I'm going to do everything I can to avoid taking on new ones whom I might have to lay off lal- et and invite the brickbats all over again. It's cheaper to pay the extra expense of overtime than to pay the extra expense of a public relations drive to explain a layoff." I gulped. "Granted that Jt makes sense on the balance sheet. But what about the unemployed and the new workers socking jobs in your area? Don't you feel any responsibility to them? Don't you see yourself benefiting if they have jobs and can buy your products and those of others?" He didn't gulp. "It is not.the responsibility of individual corporations to employ more than we need nor to guarantee full employment at all times.

It is my responsibility to my corporation to try for maximum production and for a maximum although reasonable profit." There you have it a key, straightforward, "ungimmicked" explanation why unemployment is remaining millions nbovc normal. And don't kid yourself. The u- By SYLVIA PORTER employment statistics will continue mighty disheartening at least until well into spring, for these are the weeks when, in the best times, joblessness rises on a seasonal basis. Even though 1959 will shatter all production-income records, a drop to the 2 1-2-3 million unemployment level is in the distant future. Translating the unemployment explanation into even simpler terms: (1) Corporations have dramatically improved their efficiency of operations and they're aggressively pursuing ways to turn out more goods with fewer workers.

Spring Is Coming (NBA Fca(tire) Sports fans being what they are, there arc some people who imagine that for six dark months a year television offers merely pictures of empty baseball parks. For such folk there is a lifting of the heart these days. The Arctic blasts still are sweeping around the fabled battlegrounds, Yankee stadium, Braves field, but in the sunny spots the liniment is flowing, muscles are unkinking, the brash kids are trying to jar a few old birds loose from their perches and 'take over. Shortly that most fascinating of all statistical tables, the box score, will reappenr in the news pages am" life once again will begin to take on a definitive look. Labor and management will go on endlessly arguing wages and profits.

Government will mire itself as always in debate and shner blather. But in the ball park you'll get a result. Not a bad antidote for the uncertainties we live with in so many olher realms. (2) Many feel that while'over- time is expensive, it's cheaper in the short run than training wo ers who might be only temporary and who, if laid off later, would give the corporation a sour reputation the nation over. (3) New workers are constantly entering the workforce, threatening to swell the jobless ranks.

Today's jobless problem is not a superficial thing. It is a byproduct of the new age of automation. It is a result of the huge investments corporations have made in plant improvements and expansion. It is a reflection of the sharp, although short, 1957-58 recession. The superficial cures lie in extension of jobless benefits, aid for depressed areas, major relocation efforts.

But the basic cure lies in only one thing: More growth to absorb the unemployed and new job seekers. "Which means new industries and more production and consumption of such thigs as autos, houses, appliances, soft goods, public works, services in short, more of enough things and non-things to create jobs for all able, willing and seeking work. And that leads to the fundamental argument. For again, in simplest words, the White House argues, "The economy itself will supply the growth in time and if growth is pushed too fast, the only result will be unnecessary price rises." The opposition argues, "This take too long; stimulation by government at various- levels is essential. The fatter paychecks and profits will supply taxes to balance the budgets' and even if prices do rise a bit, that's more tolerable than high, wasteful joblessness." That's basic story of unemployment in 1959 the reasons behind it, the cure for it, the key argument on how lo reach the WASHINGTON would have been a -pretty dull season in Washington.

if it Hadn't been for' the; dollar sign. It has given Democrats and Republicans a lot to talk about. Actual' legislation passed by Congress so far could be stuck in one eye without making you blink. Things will pick up after the Easter vacation. Meanwhile, budg- balancing 1 has provided a lively conversational topic.

Balance the budget; says President Eisenhower, dedicating himself to economy in 1959. It's the way to prevent inflation, he says. And since inflation means you can buy less with a buck, his sland has- pretty wide appeal. Nobody knows that better than the Democrats. They know what it could mean in the 1960 elections if they defied Eisenhower too much, voted a lot more money than he asked, and let inflation milk a few more pennies out of the dollar.

So' while the Democrats keep talking about how Eisenhower is skimping too much and how the country needs more than he proposed, they're still edgy about leaving themselves open to the Republican charge of being big spenders. It is easy to see how this can provide plenty of conversation, and it has. Meanwhile, everybody's dancing on a hair. Eisenhower in his budget provided only a hairline margin between balancing the budget and going in the red. Even that margin depends on some unlikely new taxes and a increase in revenues from other taxes already on the law books.

If it works out the way he figured, it will be one of the best juggling acts in history. Eisenhower called for spending no more than 77 billion dollars, in itself a record for peacetime budgets, and estimated that when the government got through deducting the 77 billion from all the revenue it took in, it would have 70 million dollars left over. But the Democrats look at the 4,700,000 people unemployed and want to extend the special unemployment pay Congress voted last year for the jobless. This would cost another 400 millions, they figure. Since Eisenhower didn't include this in his budget, the 400 million would upset the balance, knock spending into the red, and add to the deficit carried over from the current year.

But all. The Democrats are 'working on housing, airport aid, help for depressed areas, and other legislation that would cost more than Eisenhower asked. The Democrats also express unhappiness about the money he asked for defense and what looks like a gap in missiles between this country and the Soviet Union. They arc making sounds about more money for defense. The Soviet demand that the Allies get their troops out of Berlin, and the Allies' determination so far that they'll do no sucn thing, has created a sense of crisis coming up.

So it's no wonder Democratic leaders of Congress last week reportedly asked Eisenhower after he brief, them on if he didn't need beefed up defense. Beefing, of course, costs money. Eisenhower reportedly said no, that things were all right. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev could make everybody a little happier, and take some of the heat off the American dollar, if he'd just soften up on Berlin and let the crisis melt away. SO THEY SAY The rabble-rousing element is basically cowardly and always yields when confronted with firmness and dignity.

L. Krupshaw, chairman of Arlington (Va.) County Board, on peaceful end of schoo'l segregation. If our space programs are fo be run on an off-again, on-again basis, zigging and zagging with the turn of every new year, then we'd better spend our money buying telescopes to watch the Russians pioneer space. Keith Glennan, director, of National Aeronautics and Space Administration. THE DOCTOR SAYS: It Happened Last Night FLORIDA WEATHER IS CHILLY AND SAMMY NEW The word from Miami Beach was that Frank Sinatra's very cool toward Sammy hopes of patching up their palship which got ruptured when Sammy said in a Chicago radio interview that Frank's sometimes rude.

Sammy's at the Eden Roc, Frank's next door at the Fontainebleau, and 'twas reported that Sammy was ready to hurl himself prostrate on the stage in front of Frank and ask his forgiveness if it would do any good. One report to Sammy was: "It wouldn't help you." Hear about the woman who likes the new American flag except she asked, "Don't you have it in any other colors?" Joey Adams and Al Kelly told about her in their new show at the International which offers the wonderful Lane Brothers and an extremely talented gal named Jacqueline Fontaine, from Kenosha and Milwaukee, dancer, singer and shaker, plus Lou Wills Jr. I say there, Maria Callas don't hurry back! The Met brass privately says it won't be taking you back "for years" ordered a whole section of Claude's beauty salon cleared out so the Duchess of Windsor could have privacy when she got her tresses touched up? (Several non-royalists were pretty annoyed) Kim Novak kept her promise and saved time for a date with Perry Como's comedy writer, Jay Burton. Trouble was, the lime she allotted was from 12:30 to 1 p. a half hour in midday.

When Jay said he wanted a more romantic hour, Kim retorted she was being romantic already with somebody else. The marijuana and cocaine set is repeating this one: A young addict was writing a mournful letter to an understanding father. "I'm penniless, I'm hooked on the stuff, I broke my leg and can't get fare to a doctor, I don't have enough money to mail this letter, I might as well kill myself." Jusl then, rummaging, he found a reefer and lit up. "And furthermore," he wrote, "And anytime you want anything from me, all you have to do is ask me, no matter how expensive or how difficult it is to get. 1'jn loaded!" ADD "FUNNY On a novelty shop: "We have lois of funny notions" (via Ted Berkelmann): at a Hollywood mortuary (according to Art Moger): "We dig you the most;" at a gas station: "A friend in need means a touch" (from Robert Levine) On a truck near Luau: "Watch my rear, not hers" and in Pennsylvania road signs pointing to the towns of "Paradise," "Desire" and "Panic," Pa.

(spotted by J. F. Beach, Du Bois, Pa.) FIRST HYPOCHONDRIAC: "I never felt better in my life." Second Hypochondriac: "Aw, quit complaining!" (from Tony When Marilyn Monroe got the French Oscar recently, she gasped, "Gee, the only French word I know is oui!" (Know how MM's spending her nights lately? Recording the songs of "Some Like It Hot" for United Artists records. A French Critic reviewing the picture wrote for his magazine, "The Champ is back. This is the end of Brigitte Rocky Marciano likes the story about the heavyweight who was badly baltereti able to stagger to his corner at the end of the ninth.

His manager said, "Say, I suddenly got a great idea for you. Why don't you hit him back?" Women are giving up the Rockefeller diet, reports Gary Flyer; "it's too taxing" "A go-getter," according to Breadwinner, "is a guy who gets in behind you in a revolving door and comes out ahead of you." FARM NEWS: Skedge Miller wears a wig of white chicken feathers for his Lord Foppling role in "She Shall Have Music," the off- B'way hit. The wig sheds a lot, so his mother sends him a fresh batch of feathers regularly from her white Leghorns at Greenville, 0., out thar in God's country down the road a piece from Dayton. (Gol durn my hide!) B'WAY WITTICISM: "Arthur Murray made a fortune but he to step on a lot of toes to do it" A fellow who'd never smoked, taken a drink nor gone out with girls said he was celebrating his 90th birthday and Joe Doris asked him, "How?" THE MIDNIGHT EARL Bob Hope's medics say he'll regain normal vision within a year or 18 months. (He got five offers of healthy corneas from fans, won't need "em) Shelley Winters is back on (he "Odds Against Tomorrow" set after ailing; the cast thinks she's been overdieting.

Sloan Simpson's playing a USO hostess in a Sgt. Bilko episode Marlon Brando had a local Chinese; restaurant airmail egg rolls and spareribs to him in L. A. Mischa Auer's a heart attack victim Hermione Gingold rushed her poodle to the hospital she dropped it, broke its collarbone Aly Khan's El Morocco date was the ex-Mrs. Alice Topping ASCAP members are discussing a TV tribute to songwriter Mack Gordon, who died recently.

Oscar Homolka's "Rashomon" costume a torn, tattered garment cost $400 to make Otto Preminger's screentesting Irishman Johnny Carson for the role of an Israeli soldier in "Exodus" Comic Tommy Hanlon will fly to Saudi Arabia for three club dates an hour's work Cartoonist-comedian Roger Price popped the question to singer Rosette Shaw and got a polite refusal Jayne Mansfield turned up at dinner at Grossinger's a dress-up affair in leotards. (Mickey came in sports shirt, had to go back for a tie.) EARL'S PEARLS: A rumor, once spread, is as hard to unspread as butter. Ham Park. TODAY'S BEST LAUGH: Jaye P. Morgan tells of the cannibal who heard he'd be served two old maids for dinner, and grumbled: "Leftovers again!" WISH I'D SAID THAT: Rob't Q.

Lewis knows a husband who's eaten so many frozen TV dinners that when he gels sick he doesn't go to a doctor he calls a TV repairman. (Distributed 1959, by The Hall Syndicate, Inc.) (All Rights Reserved) HAL BOYLE COMMENTS: The Builders NEW YORK (AP)-A father and son team here are helping change America's skyline. The two William senior and some 200 million dollars in real estate development projects under way at the moment in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Their staff of 400 here also has on the drawing boards other proj- totaling hundreds of millions of more buildings shopping centers, apartment buildings, home developments and hotels. Is Drinking a Disease? A knotty problem is raised by a reader: She asks whether, alcoholism is a definite disease.

Her husband, she adds, won't go to a physician, to Alcoholics Anonymous, or to a clergyman. She wonders if one of them should come to. the house to see him. Most students of the subject agree that the alcoholic patient must desire to be treated, must want to stick with the treatment, and must want to recover in order for any treatment to be effective. So unless the writer's husband changes his attitude, there probably would not be much gained by trying to force him.

The question of whether alcoholism is a disease is a matter of controversy. Possibly sometimes it is a disease and sometimes not. Among the material in my thick folder on the subject is a summary of lectures published under the auspices of the Alcoholism Subcommittee of the World Health Organization. This distinguishes two kinds of 'alcoholics: those who addicts, or chronic drinkers, and those who habitually become drunk at periodic intervals'. In the after 'several years of excessive drinking, there is loss of control over the alcohol intake.

This does not occur in the second group. Both are problems, but is the alcohol addicts who show the most extensive physical and mental changes. Several states of alcohol addiction are recognized. The first has symptomatic phase. At this time, the use of alcoholic beverages by the prospective addict is similar to that of the social drinker but he or she experiences a great feeling of relief and reward from drinking.

The second phase is ized by memory "black-outs." The-person does not show signs of intoxication, may carry on reasonable conversation and elaborate activities, but remembers nothing whatever about them the next day. At this' time he or shp begins to sneak drinks, concealing this fact from others. Later there is loss of control so that, drinking any alcohol at all starts a chain reaction is felt by the drinker as a physical demand for more. He always gives himself an cuse. Often this is associated with aggressive followed by remorse.

The strain may lead to dropping old friends or leaving jobs. Self pity is commond. As his father's right-hand man, young Bill is concentrating now on the building of the new 48-story Zeckendorf Hotel in mid-Manhattan. It is the first major hotel to be built here since 1931 and will cost nearly 70 million dollars, making it history's most expensive inn by far. That is a lot of responsibility to put on the shoulders of a 29- year old man.

But young Bill, who already runs six other Zeckendorf hotels here, shows no worry. He has been used to big figures, ever since starting as an office boy with his father at the age of 14. "It's easier to build a big project than a small one," he said. "You deal with bigger people." Bill, like many other real estate leaders, expects a massive surge in home building early in the 1960s. "The country is building a million housing units a year now," he said.

"There's a very good chance we'll get up to two million units a year soon. "But we've almost reached the end of the commuting line. We look forward to a return to the a resurgence within the city." Optimism seems to be hereditary in the Zeckendorf clan. Both father and son feel the biggest danger to business expansion is business cowardice. The United Nations has played a large role in both their lives.

Assembling the building plot for the U.N. helped springboard the senior Zeckendorf to public fame as a real estate wizard. Later on a Wind date, young Bill met Guri Lie, daughter of Trygve Lie, then U.N. secretary general. Now they are married and have a young son.

For the member of a firm that presently is building some 8,000 housK units, Bill has an unusual problem. "I'm trying, to find a nice big apartment for my family In a big old-fashione'd building," he said. "Let me know, if you hear of one.