Vernon County Censor from Viroqua, Wisconsin • 1

omk' -W- I A SOMERBY EDITOR! AND TltOrUIETOR Vaolfb to Am cutb fcHInniotis IEj 5ln Inbepftiimif nntilij- 3tapnin---I)e 4 'V ji iiratr- 1 hj -vj CONSIN-SATBPDAY 'JUNE 7 ml i 1 1 1 i 1 1 2 2X2! 5 SS 3 52 SSJJS i VOLUME I vmouiiA baiux county avis -4- t- 'L sented his petition to the Privy Council clr in Ft Iaama 4 a 4 1aaL I a maI a1 decree that book be returned this magnificent dheoveiy ThyPcontest a a aamAmLIm 1 la TT three 3 From Harper Magazine) 1 4 Early Printing amlr Printers our word parchment Thus tho rivalry i between th? two kings Eumcnes and Eu-ergetes is kept inf memory Jonvcr Sharpe remarks in Ms history of tho Ptolemies by tho words paper and parchmenlt i Tho newly invented sheets displaced the old papyrus which is now unknown except as found in tho toivbs of tho dead of two tbousand ycars or tnoro ago For sixteen hundred years incil wrote on parchment with pen and ink All tho grand works of tho ancient authois and all tho sacred writings wera again and again and Ijc iu CStCUU Stilt CS 13 PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING BY oSEPir-A-sqHEaBY: At Viroqua dax County Wisconsin TERMS DOLLAR AND FIFTY" CENTS IN ADVANCE NO PAPER Witt BE BEST BKTOSD THE TIME Paid for Except at the Optiok or the PUBLISHES! Remittenco by mail ur registered betters tour risk centuries has bcn IteUvccn Haarlem and ilcntz each claiming the honoi of the invention The etnlest is now over AJF has been raid on both sides that can be said hnd at this late period aj just bistory can be given1 1 Laurcntius Coster was an old citizen of Haarlem where" he was lorn about 1370 Shortly before hts'b'ath fie carved on the -bark of trees for the amusement of the children of Ills brother and observing the marks which the bleeding bark made on papery to the idea of cLrvInf wooden types for bodes which he did in the type together with strings mid printing only oa one side! of the paper pasting the leaves together to conceal the blank pages He died in 1440 ng- Hitts or Adrertisius 1 1 colJ Outside 1 yr subject to 4 change $6000 1 44 I 36P0 2000 deubtlQ printed savcnd sniall tracts in this mann-' There is a fAry of hlsofllee having-been robbed by a Jdtn Somebody the -surname never hiving bvi given Tlie Hollanders have stu lion- hinted that it was Faust though from the fact that tL'a story says the roller was a servant of 1 Laureiius and Fait known to Jin-been a map of wealth tide can nothe It probjfble howe er that it was eithc asking a a to him -tho works ot St Gregory which the Ktng bad borrowed before fils death and had never sent back It "appeared that the King bad in bis last will and testament directed tho return of this borrowed book but his direction had not been complied with The Countess of Westmoreland presented a similar petition in relation to tho Chronicle of Jerusalem which the royal borrower had treated in tho same way In both eases tho Privy Council with great formality ordered of the treasures In fact the value of a volume was almost the value of a dukedom and! princely revenues could not purchase what amount of reading matter is now found in the house of any one of our humblest mechanics The Countess of Anjpi paid for one manuscript the Homilies of ilamion two hundred sheep five quarters of wheat and jm equal amount of millet and rye In St Pauls Cathedral in 1295 were twelve copies of the Gospels all ornamented splendidly some bound in gold silver and pearls apd olh'w jewel and one copy "with eleven Hies of saints set in the silver frame-work of the pages The general style of manuscripts varied step between manuscript anl -The date of its invention will never be known That the Chinese practiced it centuries ago is well known and they have long been accustomed to carve entire pages'of wood! and print from them by hand But as the "civilized world derived no knowledge of this- from them wc are left to seek its origin in the gloom of the dark ages A somewhat doubtful story is on record of a Motherland sister named Cunia who lived at Venice in 1284 and who carved on wood the pages of a small book which they printed of the heroic actions of Alexander the Great It purported to be woodcuts of eight large paintings made by Alessandro Alin? rino Cufiio and Isabella his sister which they reduced in size and carved with explanatory reading matter and printed -to give to their friends This book has been a fruitful source of discussion' among bib Jiographers and the weight of authority would seem to lean toward its authenticity No copy of it is in existence In the fourteenth century wood-cutting was practiced extensively in Europe especially for the making of cards Some small books were printed of which each pago was cut out of a single block of wood and usually contained a picture with some rude explanatory passages Of this1 class was the book known as the Poor Mans Bible which contained forty pages each pago containing scriptural illustrations with passages text1 and verses called Leonine verses But up to the fifteenth century tho notion of movable type unknown and the simple idea cutting separate letters and transposing them as they might bo needed to form words and sentences had never occurred to any man It was hut a sparkle of thought the momentary action of a mind which was all sufficient to change tho nations -to pver-throw and establish dynasties--to people desolate places and reclaim wildernesses to guide the destinies of the race of man and revolutionize- the world mediate printing To appreeiato tbo invention of printing to understand how unexpected it was anaf inside 44 44 rir i 44 ii 4 8000 4500 2500 1000 600 400 if 44 i i Ari 1 squbrety (12 lines) 1 6 months 1 3 1 yt (2 1 lines or over 1 sq) 15 00 2 6 months 2 3 months 600 1 wsek (12 lines) l-j Etch subsequent insertion ou Business Cards of 6 lines 1 year Over 6 linesj $100 per line Stray notices common length (4 weeks) aW Legal notices at Legal rates Leaded notices double price Royil Clifton BlNCC COUNSELLOR AT LAW AND Solicitor in Chancery Vifoqua WUWill tKn RlvtL Tiidtrial Circuit tnd attend OOllVUUr tt vuaiivci v-Tf tice in the Sixth Judicial Circuit and atena Promptly tiii faithfully to call professional business intrusted to h'E Deeds Bonds Mort gages will bo trfliur drawn Land titles thorougly in vestigate Money collected and promptly remitted 1 Refer to John Livingston Esq Broad iy 37- Linda In and Herrick GENERAL LAND AGENTS AND Notaries Public Office1 comer of Main Court Streets Viroqua Wis Ltf William Tcrhnnc REGISTER OR DEEDS ATTOR- xiey Counsellor Solicitor and General Land Agent will! attend to all business intrusted to his care Deeds Mortgages and other legal in- struments carefully drawn acknowledged and recorded at his office in Yiroqua Bada Co Wia Me Michael JVotary Public and Conveyancer apd General Land-Agent' Viroguaf IVid Buy and sells Real Estate keeps Land War ant on hand for tale locates lands for settlers pays taxs interest on State lank and does a General A gVmev Busings AH business matter promptly a'tendcd to aud fees moderate Office in the Courl House 1-tf 1 7 D3t 5WWIKH Go OFFICE RESIDENCE ft- first Building north of the Buckeye "an! opposite the Court House Yiroqca lAf' Wis J5SA37S7X3NT c2 Oo 'Drug Medicine Dye Paint Oil GUm Groceries Si Yankee Notions Wltolesate nd Detail 1)e Soto Wis IMTCUCit NO 9 block Dealers in Dry Goods Groceries and Yankee Notions Badax Wis 4 POETRY For the Western Times 1 ILL A II 4 Sho rose upon my childhood igbt Like a sweet star upon the night Bdt ere my earlyrganhoods dawn The pale1 sweet star had left and gone Down In the west And bitter tears for her I shed The earliest loved the earliest dead i She did not die-there is no tomb Where mould grows from her infant bloom 4 It was not death so young and fair 4' That held her pulseless bosom tliere 1 All cold and still And that long silence long and deep Wa but a seraphs earthly sleep i She went away but did not die Just when that pale star left the sky She went from earth way to heaven Bright spirits took her la the even And I alone could see Tlie path of light In which she went With rainbows aR around her benL But in the wide expanse of thought Hcte deathless image still is wrought And in my heart as in the sky That pate sweet tar seems yet on high Full orbd and bright So clearly in the past I see The only star thatjbeamd on me And on the farthest verge of sight Her face with heavenly radiance bright Where golden day each morning springs Sh slowly furled her snowy wings And smiled oa me It was a glorious smile her last midst the angel tbrorg too passd From New York Ledger SAY NOT LIFE IS DARK BT CAIE Brt 0 ay not life is dark Unros brightness for us all For you and roe for every one The warming tun -rays Fall' JTlie moon and star at night hy path Illume well as mine For you snd me for every oae Tim beams of pleasure shins say not life I dark Though fortune be not fair? Hie cottage of a toiling man May bas a jewel tliere Though Gain lias nrer round its board It golden circle bent Yet la Use gen of true love there That board to ornament savuotlife itirk If penury be thine!" Atthv command he ligltof Hope Wilt neer refuse to shine But strive and work thv humble wav And Peace thy lifs will Mess The fountiinlioad wheeco issues alt Of humsn blessedness asy tfsot Ufa Is dirk Theres brightness til i round How oft beneath homely garb A polished heart is found The laborer In lowly Imure The beggar on the road-Tbe miser and the millionaire All have one common Go say net life is dark There pleasure for us all Though some msy never tread where wealth Has let her blessings fall For humble joys that In the art Are cultured Into birth Make uy lifes richest wealth and are The sweetest joys of Earth say not life I dark There brightness for uu all For you and me for evry one Thn warming ma rays fall Thcileaf $fanf- waves In summer-time And every flower that springs To you as well as roe it store Of Nature beauty brings say not life ia dark Whole oltxxa continues blight! Twere well to mourn wlien from tlie drain Great Reason take her flight bile the heart Is poised with health gught keep bright brapark-While friend are thine tim bumble mqs Bu aay rot lifq la dark By a leading lawyer cf the Bar LAW VERSUS SAW: Sitting in hi office was a lawyer Standing In the afreet a sawyer afac On the lawyer anxious face You could read a knotty case Needing law While the sawvcr gaunt and grim On a rough and knotty limb Ran a saw Now the saw-horse seemed to me Like a double in fee And the saw Whichever way twas thrust Must be followed by the susr i- Like the law And the log upon the track Like a client on the rack Played it 'part -1 As the tempered teeth of steel -Made a wound that would not heal 1 Through the heart And each severed stick that fell In its fslling teemed to -All too plain Of the many severed ties That in law-suits will srise Bringing pain Then methougt the sturdy paw That was using axe snd saw On the wood Held a yielding mine of wealth With its honest toil and health Doing good If the chips that strewed Hie grouud By some stricken widow found In bar need Should by light snd warmth impart Blessings to her seed heart Happy dee This conclusion then I draw That no exercise of Jaw Twisting India-rubber law 9 I as good As the exercise of paw On the handle of a saw Sawing wood It bas been said that the ngot not tho man invents it was not the itftccnllT century that Invented the art of Printing It Was not the demand ipf the ago that forced such a discovery nor tho necessity of tho times that led to it Tho darkness of tho Middle Ages had not begun to disappear There was no iroro necessity for books than there had been for thousands Jt 6 of years Tuero was no progressing to- ward the discovery no grasping' after it and approaching it littloj by littte as is case with most human inventions Thfr same old process of copying with tho pen and hand which was used the days of Moses was used in tho fifteenth century after Christ nor was there any more facility in tho process at the later date than at the earlier The accidental thought of one man suggested by an occurrence which look place in-his presence for tho hundredth or the thousandth time but which bad never suggested the idea to any man before lit the fiamo which in a moment flashed the lustre of this great discovery on the astonished darkness of tho period In a half century the clouds of ignorance which had hung heavily oYer Europe then the ml residence of civilization were rolled away and the light of knowledge and 1 next of a reformed religion shone on the old world anil then on the new which seems to have been reserved by God known to educated men until it might become the residence of a new race of men in an age of book and of comparative liberty We do not propose in this article a very tninntc account of tlie invention of pHnting but only a sketch of some of those points in Iho history of the art which are valuable to nil and likely to prove interesting to the Magazine reader Books bnvo been known nearly or quite as long as men have had a written language and it appears manifest that as early as the days of Abraham Egyptian records were kept in an alphabetical language Tliebieroglyphical writing of Egypt is not a langttaa of pictures As was jfonnerlv supposeil but is strictly alphabetical each sign standing for the first sound uttered In qronmmeing iLvname' Thus in English the picture of a man would iand for mf and of a sword for i The Egyptians at a very early period impressed seali in clay with stamps and on clay cylinders which were afterward baked and hardened and are to this day jrescrrcd These stamps were tho eailit steps madd toward tho art of printing but they were the last steps made for three thousand yean They continued to be In all conntrfesand times afterward and tlie Romans appear to have used stamps with ink upon them for sealing instruments or similar nsev One of th is sort has been found which on being tried with modem printers ink gives a clear and distinct impression of the letters CtCAECILIIHERMIAESN lcing Interpreted cads I Cae-cilii IIermiae Sioxuif fje signet of Caiut Julius Caeeilius ITcrmias Bat this was a very small advance in ttho great art Um books of tho early ages were cf course manuscript and until tho period of the Ptolemies in Egfpt all books and manuscripts weio made of papjrus the Egyptian substitute forpajwr This was tho bark or pellicle of a plant which grows in swamps and marshes to a height of six to twelve feet The bark was Unrolled from tho stem and the pieces wero fastened together in a sheet tho length of tho sliCet depending on tho pleasure of tho maker and its width determined by tbo length of tho roll cut from tho stem 1 1 It is worthy of remark in passing how many of our words arc derived from this old Egyptian papyrus The word paper is obvious Tho Greek word for papyrus was Ullos hence signifying also a book and from this comes our word Bible and all our bibliographical words Tlie Latin word liber from signifying originally tho bark of a tree and thenco papyrus beeamo tho word for a book and hence our word library and others similar- Papyrus was a largo article of commerce in tlio early cen-4 tunes of tho Christian era and was tho I only article of which books were made n- til the invention of parchment In tlie second century before Christ Eumcnes king of Pergamos tho chief town of Asia Propria the second Etpnencs of the family of Attains desired to in- crease the library at Pergamos which already numbered two hundred thousand volumes and which gave' to his city tho honorot standing first in tho world in literary treasures Ptolemy Euorgctcs tho Second of Egypt jealous of tho increasing rehown of Pergamos perhaps more jealous from tho fact that his own cVucltics had driven almost all tho learned men from Egypt to tho other countries bordering on tho Mediterranean decreed that no papyrus should ho exported from Egypt thinking thereby to stop the increase of tho library of Eumcnes Tho men of Pergamos immediately invented a subdi- tuto for tho papyrus in the skins of animals which when prepared wero called Carta Pergamena or Pergamenta whence came copies wero moro Jess costly as tho stylo determined i Every monastery had its writing room where long desks lay covered with vellum and parchment at which tho monks and scribes stood hour after hour of long clays and longer-nights copying old books hr elaborating those magniOceht ornaments to tho pages which now' astonish us With their beauty and splendor Tho manuscripts of tho early centuries' fell to pieces in time and wero replaced by copies of later dale so that wG aro now possessed of nooo of tho originals and those which wo have become valuable in proportion to their approximation lo tho dates of their authors Parchment became seardo and expensive in the Middle Ages and hence arose a custom of erasing tho writing and usinsr old parchments a second time In way many valuable manuscripts have been cd Some wero recovered with destroy great labor and diligence at a later period but doubtless very many aro forever lost which would be curiosities of ancient literature In 1816 a manuscript of 127 parchment leaves was found on which wero written the Ejastles of Jerome It was found that these wero written dver another work and part of it written over a third time' On removing the apparent writing the Institutes of Gains were recovered which had always been supposed forever lost The raluo of manuscripts was of course enormous It was often the 'labor of a monks lifetime to copy and illuminate one work It gives a strange picture of human life to imagine a man living threescore years and ten in monastic seclusion poring with dim eyes over the pages of an old maweriptof Plato or Plutarch studying ItY fclrangecharaclers until they were impressed on his very brain ami haunted his cell while he slept and filled his imagination while he dreamed or waked with slow hand spring after spring summer after summer winter after winter guiding the pen across that parchment page and leaving there the only traces of 1m having lived that he expected to bequeath to tho world he knew noth- and that knew nothing of him adding line bY line page by page and meas-yenrs by tlie measures of the ires of old heroes and folding dmfinflshed workftt length between the clasping and closing and shelving it perhaps never to be opened again till a magnificent invention had rcduced-'sR hw labor to a mere cariosity of patience and toil and then go- ing to his cell- Jiiuntcd forever with tlie shapes and sfiadows of old Grcek or Hebrew characters or possibly attended with the pleasant music which the old poet had so ng to him tot jifty years and dying alone and being tf enccforth forgotten This is we say a strange view of human life and yet a view which is presented a thousand timrg to one who examines the splendid manuscripts of tho 3Iiddlo4 Ages Some of these parchment volumes were of' inconceivable beauty and splendor Them is one book preserved at Upsal in Sweden known as tho Silver Book or the Gothic Gospels It is a large folioof purple or violet colored parchment which part of the New Testament is impressed on the pages in silver letters Tho beginning of each Gospel and Aj- the Lords Prayer and of other- wrtiona esteemed most worthy aro in' gold letters It was made by pmwugg each letter or word on the pago with gold or silver foil much as wc now impress thor covers of books It seems strange that so near an approximation to the art of printing did not result in its discovery But this book elegant as it is docs not equal another fTie book of the passion of our Lord in characters composed of no material? Tins book is mado from the finest veljumimd each let ter and character is cut-out of tho page the alternate leaves being blue This book is now in France and has been a desideratum rtoall royal 1 collectors No price could purchase it -Ro3olf II of Germany offered 11000 ducats for it It was doubtless mado in an English -monastery as it bears English arm's Ail the manuscripts of the Middle Ages were more or less brilliantly illuminated with colored initial letters borders strange pictures quaint devices monsters and imaginary forms all done with' brilliant colqing and usually- with exquisite grace and beauty Perhaps a better idea of tho value set upon manuscripts may bo given by an anecuoto which is historical than by naming prices paid for them in money About A 1425 and shortly after the death of Henryk of England the Prior of Christ Church Canterbury pro- A ROBIN 8 ON in all Us Branches prompt- t- ly executed hope by strict attention to business to merit i share orpubUcLpatrona shop iu rear of North StarlTouse' -ViROoWr' I' Wis the fatheb of John Guttbi niter? orsorn at at rw -I i but no one supposes that the inc-pic wmting-prcss of Laurent his was sLden Taking a doz-n of lus type was enough to rob him if his seerfet and in 1439 John' Gottcmberg was at Stlas- hourg an exile from hkjua live city Mcntz studying out the art of printing -books The hints he may have derived fr-'-u? Laurcntius should by no means 'detra -t front the fame of Gdltemberg' or impugn his title to the name cjf Inventor of Print- ing Coster died in 1440 and with-died the art in Haarlem It was at a rude idea and Gattemberg made1 practical use of it He directed his nitration toward the composition of metafile type and having returned from Striislor r' toMcntZyhe at length cut' the tyjK fi m2tal aud finally cut matrices or mould in which he east type whiclji were aim of all his labors It was eleven rfl-s from the time be undertook this woi V-d fore he had accomplished jt "1 Having cxliau-ted lus oy ftfnds' i had revealed his plans to'John Fau-' wealthy citizen of Mentz who had entrii into partnership with him A mystersous darkness bangs about the ten years between 1440 and 1450 and GuUembcrgs office issued more subjects for romance and story 'during that lima than it ever aftcr-wa Is printed volumes 1 Several books or tracK weH printed with wooden type or CMtks daring Bp's time such as tlie Catholicon the Confts- I sionalia and one or two others Thay were all without date or-printers name and probably had little or no- circulation and may be considered as -experiment-' In 1450 the raataUie type were perfected and between that time and 14 55 the nH was consecrated to God by the publication of a Latin Bible the first book printed with "movable rut inetalfin type and in fact the first production of tho great in-venliou of printing It is a matter of av toaldnnent tliat ihe art should make its np)enrnnce so splendidly It bad no in-Mncy Men knew it livt in a volume of 03 leaves of vellum looking much like manuscript which Indeed it was designed initat and fiuhheifin-rgeous style TheKgOssvgrp elegantly iilumimdcAAy hand as were nearly all books prime for twenty years: after this and it might well have been Taken for a fins specimen ot 1 moftkid copying 1 The fact that tha first production of tlie new art wa the jjiUe isyrao of the deepest interest 1 Men had for centuries been most studiously covering lip the richest of tho Word of God from the gaze and the grasp 1 of the perishing world But the Word cf 1 GoJ is uot Inound One man one though one splendid effort of genius in one -year scattered more copies of that priceless yolumo over tlie worlds snrfiice than had -been produced in mjv ceutury 'LeforCf-r-Nay twenty years from that date it safe to say the new art had furnished more copies of the Bible titan had been made in A all the centuries before It wasvain then for human invention to Seek to hide it found its way into halls and hut into the enemies strove with every force to cusl-it But a new' -power was iuta? world hitlierto unknown and not now understood a power that was destined to prove itself omnipotent over Church and State over priests and princes The 'printing-prtv-s was tho new monarch cnci the 44'' tellect of nrm was its kingdom Tito Information bLztd Its splendor on the woil 1 almost immediately and tho forces of thl-new power wero strong its aid AVlA-ever has been its history since it is a secret-of never-to-he-forgotten pride in conrn tion with tho new art that its fires rfd its continuous and its most noble aclriw-meats have been in giving the Holy Scriptures to man The art thus given to th world did nn BRmJ SOHOOLEY Physician and Surgeon Viroqua I Vis Tenders his his Professional services to the Citizens ot Viroqua and vicinity Office In Gard ner Dawsons store where be may he found at all timevunles absent on professional business N0RTKSTAR nOTEL LnCOIAiStHERRICK This Hotel is the gneVal Stage Office and on the only mail route from Galena to St Paul Board seventy-five cents per day LINCOLN II HERRICE GARDNER DAWSON Dealers ln Groseries Dry Goods Crockery Hardware Patent Medicinea Viroqua IVis JOHNSON SMITH i I LI I Dealer-Jn Dry Goods Groceries Hardware rockery Boot and Shoes Ilats Caps Stores Iron Steel Nails Glass Hollow 'Ware Glai Ware Corner of Main and Court Streets opposite the North Star Hotel I Viboqca 1-tf Wis I III i 1 T1 TT A IT Ti V- 'E' TT GTTQP ii iV JL Jtli JLL Jli GEORGE BUSII All the Stages call at thia House forPassengers Board seventy-five cents per day RUSK High Shexrtjf of Badax Counlyl All business intrusted to his care promptly at tended to 1 KEELER FOWLER' CO Dealers in I Dry Goods Groceries Hardware" Queensware Clothing Hats Caps Boots and Shoer KT-- xr eensware Clothing Hats Caps Nails Iron Viroqua Wis Fowler Cassox AjKexexr DH DUNL AP 00 Defers in Dry Moods Groceries Crockery Hardware Boots and Shoes Hats and Caps Paints Oils and Glass Viroqua Badax Co Wis NICHOLS DEALERS IN DRY GOODS HARDWARE Clothing Boots and Shoes Crockery Hats and Caps Groceries and a general assortment of Goods A large quantity of Patent Medicines IL Nichols Nichols how wholly unprepared was the mind Europe for it we must take our position at the period when it was announced that such an invention was made In Paris---somewhere about 145060 purchasers of manuscripts tho King the Archbishop and other buyers received offers of copies of the Bible "purporting to be manuscript copies at tho watial price of such manuscript'' about 750 crotvns The King and Archbishop bought cdpics- Otlicrs paid less for them and the Bible was at length sold for as low as fifty and even thirty crowns This was unparalleled In the history of books It! created great astonishment in tho city Tho King and Archbishop compared notes and were surprised horrified in fact to5 find that their purchases 1 were not only copies hut were fac-similes cachoftho other in size shapej line loiter blot and dot The devil who was sure to be accused of all marvels in all ages had tho credit of publishing 1 the Bible and Faust tho seller was of course arrested as his agent Hence arose all the stories of Faust and Mepb istorh ibs To save his head ho revealed to the wonder-stricken King that tho 'only devil in tho matter was the printers devil and that in Mentz a city of Germany he in company with John Guttcmborg and Peter Sehocffcr had established an office for tho production of copies of books by a nOw process which consisted in arranging movable metallic letters in the forms of tho words and sentences to be printed putting ink on them and taking off the ink on paper laid over them and pressed on them The news spread like the wind Europe awoko to to the startling intelligence It was as if a trumpet rang through jgU the land i 4 And now we may trace the 4.