The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 58

THE BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE. 1SEW YORK, SUNDAY, JULY 1. 192S. 6 How Radio Was Made Available on Plane That Carried Woman Flier Across Ocean Television Attracts More Experimenters As Attachment Kits Become Available CALDWELL FAVORS FIFTY HIGH POWER CLEARED CHANNELS PATRIOTIC SONGS, ADDRESSES TO GO ON ETHER JULY 4 in Connection With Radio Sets in nlace of the sneaker Thi lnh Pickard Believes Enough Wave Lengths Have Already Been the transmitter a variometer-tuned Hartley circuit. It employed, four UX-210 tubes.

Just above as mounted a receiver, built by Mr. Battisan. This was a three-tube regenerative set detector and two stages of audio. It was of the three-circuit tuner type, coils being bank wound and treated against moisture. Three 201-A tubes were used.

The front panel of bakclite wa3 approximately eight Inches square the emergency spark set a standard, aircraft spark transmitter Installed by Mr. Battison. It was the type used for spotting artillery fire during; tha war. It consisted of a spark coil (operated from the storage battery) and spark cap inclosed In an airtight box, and a spiral helix mounted on the front. The emergency set, capable of emitting a very broad wave, could be) heard 50 or 100 miles under favorably conditions.

It was designed only lof use in the event of a forced landing. For Use By C. E. BITTERFIEI.D Associated Press Radio Editor). Television may not be Just around the corner, but Cortlandt the 5th ave.

of radio, apparently thinks something is in the air. Cortlandt st the radio center of downtown New York, has been tempting the never satisfied experimenter with television apparatus for some time. What is to be expected of this An At e- I IS SV Set Aside. By STEVENSON. Was- ine 30 Two mem- y' berj -federal Radio Board CS-Sfinnen O.

H. Caldwell and "Pickard are making a special Judy to determine (he number of channels that should be cleared for high-power broadcast ins stations. The two commissioners were designated by the board to make a careful survey and report on the following: Whether or not cleared channels are necessary and desirable. If necessary, how many cleared channels should there be. It is considered very likely that the commission may adopt their recommendations, provided the two men are able to agree themselves.

There has been considerable dis- russion and difference of views Boston, June 30 M5) When the transatlantic seaplane Friendship soared into the mists of the North Atlantic on her non-stop flight to Wales she carried specially designed radio equipment. Light, compact, moisture proof and with flame-proof switch and keys, was built to resist all the destructive Influences a radio set might meet aboard an ocean-flying plane, Unlike INSTftUMCNjS W.A.BATTISON -V riv 3 a a NX4204 uL fc, ITM (SPARK ST )0( (X S) I XX hr-V I I C0AfPASS TRAM 5 Ml TVER SUSPENDED ON ELASTIC CORDS tFLAMENT CONTROL 1 TUNING DIAL. SA66A6 RACK AND yl iTTrrr 7 Qs4 RECEAfER ATOK' KUASTIC. CONTROL Jcohos KA I f'. ff OoYl UOMTT I oo rZu lilt LAMENT Ml ITER '-I LI si I anr: UII .11 An a ILK; KJ i Television ban opened a new field for the radio fan who delights In experimentation.

Kits of parts for television amplifiers and reproducers are beginning to appear on the mark tL At the right Is a home assembled television which gave fair results. Essential parts of such an oullri, consisting of a scanning disc, a motor and Its controlling rheostats, resistance coupling units for three stages of amplification and a television tube, is pictured at the lower right. Two types of television lamps are shown above. L. 1N AN 7 Radio equipment, especially designed for aviation purposes, was ab nard the transatlantic plane Friend ship, which carried Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly from America to England.

The apparatus was the result of efforts of W. A. Battison, youthful expert nf Cambridge, ho Is picturrd listening for 600-meter signals from the plane. The drawing above shows the position of the radio room on the plane, while below is a detailed sketch of this compartment. equipment can be determined only after a trial.

In the display windows are kits containing television tubes, scanning discs, rheostats and three-stage resistance amplifiers that build up the signal which actuates the light receiving tube, Except for the amplifiers, which are standard, the equipment is crude to a certain extent, particularly when compared with some of the sound apparatus. However, If it will bring THREE-STASE TELEVISIOM AMPLIFIER COUPLING COUPLING C0UPUM3 CONDN5eft HI -MU CONDENSE HIMU CONDENSER 171 A nr nn ir --ist-cvwoN tube i I 5 5 C2-V0LTAGS OEPfND! ON VOLTAGE U3CD RESISTOR TO FIT TUBS OS60 NOTet DETECTOR VOLTAae ON 1 1 s. (90V)TONtf I Of RECEIVER I i 91 I A i ft isov wit a 1 Ti i 4 1 HMyH R13.STO among the commission members about the number of channels that should be cleared. Settling itself down to decide its future broadcasting policy, that was the first snag which the commission encountered. Hnw Commissioner Stand.

Commissioner Caldwell believes that at least 50 channels should be cleared. His view is supported by Commissioner Harold A. LaFount. Commissioner Ira A. Robinson, the chairman, thinks there are plenty of cleared channels at present.

That also in the opinion of Commissioner Sam Pickard. Commissioner Svkes has not yet decided where he stands on the proposition. LaFount and Caldwell contend that the maximum of service for listeners can be obtained only through clearing at least 50 channels. "When I am sick." says LaFount, "I consult my physician, because he is an expert at that sort -of thing. The broadcasting problem is similar to that.

We had the best brains in the country come in and tell us what to do. They advised us to clear 50 channels. That was their unanimous advice. Sticks to Engineers' Flan. "Nobody has given me good reasons for changing that figure.

Until I hear acceptable reasons to the contrary, I shall insist upon at least 50 cleared channels." The argument advanced against 50 cleared channels is shat it would impose a definite limitation on the number of stations that could be licensed. It would mean that an even lurther reduction of stations and power would be necessary, In addition to drastic time division. The view Is held by a lot of people that the new allocation should be based on the number of stations on the air; that is. the number of stations should be the controlling factor. Must Prevent Interference.

Engineers, on the other hand, urge that the number of available channels be made the controlling factor, and that the number of stations be regulated accordingly so as to prevent interference. Opponents of this view contend that the new improvements and developments which may be expected during the next few years will eventually eliminate interference and that, for that matter, the present set-up is about as good as can be done. Commissioner Caldwell charges that opposition to the cleared channels, which in his mind are synonomous to good reception. Is inspired by "political expediency" rather than sound reasoning. Politicians Fail to Understand.

"The best engineering minds of the country are agreed on a program based on simple radio principles and sound past experience." says he. "Conference after conference has lailed to shake the plan or to present improvements. Yet with politicians opposing it because they cannot understand it, the plan may be held in abeyance for sheer lack of support of men trained in business, or engineering thinking to have it promptly adopted, and so improve the radio reception of millions of listeners. "Radio thus becomes the football of politicians in this political year. And many are the sophistries erected in Its name.

"Prominent among these is the cry sgalnst the rural or exclusive cleared channels, assigned to a single powerful station, for to the law-politician mind, such channel might better be shared by a dozen or more local county-seat broadcasters. Of course, the fact is that with such a channel snared by a number of stations the distant listener would get nothing but howls or heterodyne squeals. Must Reach Rural Listener. "If we are to reach the remote listeners on the farms, In mountain cabins, on the plains, and in the cross roads and villages, and more than 60,000,000 of our people now live 100 miles or more from a broadcasting station, we must reach them solely through exclusive rural channels. Here certainly is one of the supreme uses of radio.

And any politician who proposes to destroy such rural channels will do so at the cost of depriving millions of remote Americans of their favorite evening diversion." TACKLE DISTRIBUTION FLAN. Washington, June 30 Several mem bers of Congress are attempting to Interpret the radio law to tiie Radio This diagram of a three-stage television amplifier Indicates how easily such a reproducer may be constructed. At the right is the picture reproducer, which may be mounted In any suitable manner. The amplifier is rut In after the detector of any receiver whl ch will bring in television signals. War Time Songs, Marches and Old Favorites to Be Radioed -Tuttle to Speak.

Stirring patriotic music, songs born of the wars in which America has participated, marches, martial airs and orations will head the programs of radio fireworks presented by leading stations on Independence Day, July 4. Other music, of a not so distinctly national air, will include selections from Gilbert and Sullivan operas, the nonular works of Victor Herbert and such classical and semi-classical music of a sure-fire nature. U. S. Atty.

Tuttle at R. A snecial nrogram is scheduled for beginning at 2:30 p.m. and continuing for the balance of the afternoon session. The orator will be U. S.

Attorney Charles A. Tuttle. An elaborate musical program in which a military band, augmented choir and vocal soloists will participate has been planned. Bill Crawford, political reporter, will lead off the evening program beginning at 7:30 o'clock. He will render Into word pictures the bubbling the political pot exhibits following the naming of candidates by the conventions at Kansas City and Houston.

Fred Rich and his Hotel Astor Or chestra will begin a series of semi-weekly broadcasts over at 11:05 p.m. Independence Day. A hall-hour program ot soml- classtcal compositions will be broad cast over A at 8 p.m. by the National Mixed Quartet with a stringed accompaniment. In addition to the vocal numbers, the stringed quartet will be heard in Flnck's "In the Shadows and in a Levltzke waltz.

Fireworks by Troubadours. The next Venetian Nights Pro gram will also be put on the air via A at 8:30 p. July 4. The Ipana Troubadours will touch off some of their musical fireworks when they go on for their regular half- hour program at 9 o'clock. The Ipana celebration will include two big skyrockets "Yankee Doodle," which the Troubadours will set off at the beginning of their program and tne "American Patrol," which will blaze at the end of their all-popular collection of dance music sparklers, pinwheels and Roman candles which they will present in the form of waltzes and foxtrots.

The Goodrich Sllvertown Quartet will succeed the Ipana outfit and go on at 9:30. With the grand oriera sea- son ended last week, radio listeners may attend the inauguration of a new summer schedule of light operas, the first of which will be one of A F's Independence Dav features This will be Gilbert and Sullivan's n. m. s. Pinafore." War Songs.

Songs of the different, inn In which the United States has engaged Will fan sent nut. via wit Sylvania Forresters beginning at 8:30 m. "Yankee Doodle" will open the program, and will be followed by ine otar-spangied Banner." The Mexican War will be represented by a song that was nonulnr at. thA tim and two songs of the Civil War. "The name Hymn or tne Republic" and "Dixie," will appear In the program.

"A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight," sung when the boys went off to Cuba in 1898, represents the war with Spain. "Madelon" and other A. E. F. songs will recall the World war.

"The VicerOV" hv Wrhrt ctai-i-lnn Jessica Dragonctte and Colin O'More, will be presented at the Philco Hour irom tne same station at 9 o'clock. The Captivators will broadcast over beginning at 9 o'clock. At 10, the Kolster Radio Hour is scheduled and a program of sentimental music win flu th between 10:30 and 11. Eugenlo ril Plrnnl poser, will broadcast his suite. "Hei- uciucik.

ai ociock Tuesday night from WKYC. The piece is a piano duct, and Charles Lauria will be the other player. TJ resumes thl nsnir n. rnaay nignt dramas. Assisted by ten musical comedv artists it win present a one-act playlet.

"We Live Again." Sones of thrA Guonod, Massenet and Godard, will be sung by Miss Evangeline Jappe, soprano, over tonight. Representative Fmimwi roiio iii present a lecture on "noniomin Franklin" over at 7:35 p.m. loniorrow nignc. xnis may be one of a series of proposed talks on great Americans. be quick to profit by suggestion and immediately cneck up on the value nf line voltage in his certain that his receiver Is operating wunin me correct limits.

'or those who have recently Installed AC sets or are about tn hnllH nr hn suggestion that line voltage be cneckea is certainly worth while. iroiiDie witn excess voltage can be forestalled at slicht. rnst mil nnin. tcrruped enjoyment of the new receiver is assured. Gambling and guessing in the matter of line voltaqe can only mean that one stands an ex cellent cnance oi naving tnr annual tube budget much higher than it should be.

Cheek Up. If the value of line voltage is found after a careful reading to be above that of the arbitrary figure assumed by the manufacturer, there is only one sensible and economical thing for the wise man to do. The work of checking line voltage Is not difficult and can be done by any 5ft owner by one simple measurement and a few equally simple computations. An AC voltmeter with range from 0 to 150 volts is used to measure the incoming line. If the voltage is found excessive for radio operation of AC tubes, a screw driver and about $3 worth of equipment will remedy the trouble once for all.

Fifteen minutes work, another check with the AC voltmeter and it will be found that the voltage across the transforms primary is down to or slightly below the maximum figure for safe operation of tubes. For ease of handling and ready mounting, Ward Leonard resistors oi the EB type (equipped with Edison screw base i have been found satisfactory. They have high current and watts rating. TO BE SOLD DURING 1928 That 2,500,000 radio receivers will be sold to the public In 1028 is the estimate of R. M.

Klein, general manager for Fada Radio. The estimate Is based on a careful checkup made during the recent Chicago gathering of the company's sales and distributing representatives irom all parts of program, while X. Boston, Is planning experiments on 40 to 80 meters. Y. New York, also is preparing to send out television signals.

However, television now at the stage where only the radio fan with wide experience and an inventive turn of mind is in a position to take up experimentation. Much patience will be required to get the apparatus functioning properly. One kit prospectus issued by a con- cern which has sponsored the resistance coupling for audio circuits makes this statement: "Now that television is being broadcast, it is possible to receive pictures with simple apparatus. Results will depend on the distance of the broadcaster and upon the efficiency of the tuning system of a sound receiver, which Is used to tune into the picture broadcasts. Any good set that will receive television signals audibly will give satisfactory results.

"As transformers are unsuited for 6800 TO RECEIVE SHOULD BE INCREASED TO 90 amplifying all frequencies, a resistance coupled amplifier plays an important part. The audio amplifier the set is not used, the television intensifier being cut in at the detector output. If the set does not have a detector Jack, one must be provided. "The television tube is connected to the output of the last amplifier tube Loud Speaker took long breaths and made fresh starts. It was evidently his day in the sun, and he was bound to make the most of it.

We'll bet, if the thermometer had been put under the collars of the other delegates they would have registered at least 150 degrees. A strange feature of the delivery of some of the Southern speakers was trace of the "New York accent." One ot, them pronounced "Prohibition" as though the second syllable were spelled "high." There were times during some of the speeches when this listener thought for a few seconds that Chairman Robinson had reached over and jut the speaker out of his misery by tapping him on the head with the gavel, but these pauses no doubt were due to the gulping of goblets of water to irrigate throats that were evidently suffering from overwork. What might be termed Al Smith's Thanksgiving Hymn" came in during the big demonstration, when one of the bands played "Turkey in the Straw." Chairman Robinson caught himself making a sort of grammatical break shortly after midnight on Wednesday, when he warned the speakers who were yet to be heard that tempus was fugitihg. "There is a large number of speakers there ARE a large number of speakers yet to be heard." he said, "and I should like to remind them cf the time schedule." SAME MARKETS FOR RADIO AND AUTO Distribution nf radio receiving sets in the various sections of the country closely parallels that of motorcars, a survey taken for the Federal Radio Commission shows. The total number of passenger automobiles In the United States Is 19.237.

171 and the number of receiving sets is estimated at 12.000.000. Of these 7.500.000 are standard receiving sets with loud speaker volume, 'he others being crystal and one-tube receivers. New York heads the list of States with 1.508,314 automobiles and 853.000 standard receiving sets. Pennsylvania Is second In number of radio sets but fourth In automobiles end Illinois Is third on the radio and fifth on the auto list. California ranks fourth In rndlos and second in automobiles and Ohio Is fifth in radios and third In automobiles.

Most of the 8tates, how-tver, have the same ranking on both lists. The survey shows Income taxes paid are a dominating factor In the size of the local radio audience, the number of sets In use corresponding much more closely to this money total than to the population figure. A irr 77 77 sw i Is placed at the rear of the scanning olsc. wnicn is set on tne snaft of a motor, and a small window Is mounted In front or in the rear of thA dinr The speed of the disc must be kept in airp wun mat at me transmitter. Speed Is regulated by a rheostat, cut into the line feeding the motor.

For close adjustment, two rheostats will be needed. "Before actually connecting the amplifier to the receiver, it is advis- able to tune in to tne television signals to get the best volume. Then the audio amplifier is disconnected, and the resistance amplifier cut In at the detector Jack. The switch controlling the motor is turned on and the disc speeds up slowly, the operator watching for signals through the window. As the disc approaches critical speed, uashes will be thrown across the window and figures will appear when the correct speed Is reached.

The picture will remain until the speed steps out of synchronization WINDOW WITH TAAPCZOtO OBNlNs? POWER LINE RHEOSTATS TO ADJUST MOTOR SPEED. ONE FOR. COUBSE ADJUSTMENT-OTHER OR FtNfi ADJUSTMENT caxrtay omn eca again, but by careful adjustment of the motor rheostat it can be brought back. "The amount of Illumination of the television lamp is governed by the output consumption of the tube and the strength of the signals. In the resistance amplifier, two hi-mu tubes are preferable in the first two steps wun a power tune in the last step.

HOW TO INCREASE LIFE OF A. C. TUBES IN YOUR RADIO SET Ask the first AC set owner you meet just what the value of line voltage is In his home. The answer will undoubtedly be: "Why, 110 volts, of course!" He may even appear offended that one should question his knowledge of so fundamental a radio and electrical matter. His answer may be correct and then again it may not be.

The true value of voltage at the convenience outlet or lamp socket actually may be anywhere from 10 to 25 volts higher. One prominent manufacturer of AC sits states that the value of voltage used in New York City for radio operation is closer to 130 volts in most cases than to 110 volts. No one can tell the exact AC volt age value in his home if he has not checked it with an accurate AC voltmeter. Failure to do this very thing has resulted In no little trouble and needless expense to thousands of owners of AC sets, because tubes In the receiver, exposed to excess volt age, have been blown out or their life reduced. AC tubes cost anywhere from $3 to $6 apiece, depending upon the type.

One set of tubes ruined, or even the useful life cut in half, involves an expenditure far greater man tne cost, oi cnecKmg up on line voltage and making the addition of a resistor to cut down voltage to the correct value. Filament Delicate. The filament of a vacuum tnhe and particularly that of the AC heater type, is a delicate thing. It will not stand much abuse. It is made to operate at a definite voltage and current rating.

Naturally, If the actual values pxceeH th It is designed, a shortening of useful life, or complete destruction of the inament. Many tunes will have a life nracticallv enual to that, nf th duo. volt, general purpose type, or approxi- niHieiy nours. A point overlooked frequently is that AC sets are usually designed to operate at a fixed line voltage. Pro vlded the incoming voltage does not rise above the limit taken by the manufacturer in designing the set, the tubes will give long and efficient service.

Tips to Vscrs of AC Tubes. However, a majority of commercial receivers using AC tubes has no provision for compensating for line voltage Increases above the point of saiety. Where the line voltage exceeds the arbitrary value assumed by the manufacturer, immediate damages to tubes may occur, or certainly a very marked shortening of useful life, tin less some means is taken to reduce the incoming line voltage to safe Urn Its. The man who has already expert creed trouble with short tube hie will OVER 'SATLVA A7TCRYjBO)( The regular set was grounded to tha ships frame. The antenna consisted of 200 feet of a single-strand, hard drawn copper-alloy wire, No.

18 gauge. This was wound on a reel and, when paid out, was carried downward by brass weights. In case of a forced landing, the antenna was put into the water, and connected to ground post on the emergency set. A slide door in the roof of the compartment afforded an opening through which an emergency aerial could be raised by means of a kite. An antenna switch was used to from sending to receiving position on the regular set.

This automatically cut in the generator hen in sending position. This switch, too, was enclosed in a flame proof case. The plane carried only one spare tube) for the receiving set. LESSONS BY RADIO DIRECT TO SCHOOL IN BOSTON TEST Broadcast Instruction Holdsl Interest of Pupils Extension of Plan Expected. By CHARLES W.

BURTON. There has been a great deal of tail; about the value of radio as an educator. We keep hearing and reading about a proposed college of the air. But, until Station WE EI of Boston established a "Studio-to-Schoolroom" series of programs, accomplishment along that line was practically nil. WEE the station of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Boston, broadcasting direct to the' schoolroom each Tuesday and Thurso 1 day afternoon from 1 to 1:30 o'clock.

One school at present, the F. A. Day, Junior High School of Newtonville, has been equipped with receiving apparatus. On the days mentioned, the classes go to the assembly hall to hear the broadcasts. The station began this service near the end of the school term.

The success of the project has been so marked that many other schools will be equipped to receive; next fall, and an extensive education al program has been planned. For six weeks, school children Iri Greater Boston have been absorbing education that has come In a fascl natlng manner, via radio. A loud speaker has held the undivided attention of pupils who otherwise might! have been hard to hold by a visible1 talker. They have been given lessons in French, poetry, music, science, history and geology. WEEI has done considerable edu cational work In the past, Including the broadcasting of a series of lectures on astronomy by members of the staft of Harvard Observatory.

The talks were afterward published In boolc form and placed In general circula-' tion. Prof. Klrtley F. Mather of the department of geology and geography at Harvard, also published the series of talks on "Old Mother Earth" that he gave out over WEEI. On another occasion, WEEI broadcast a series of talks by the presidents of 24 New; England colleges.

The "Studio-to-. Schoolroom" series, however, was the first real effort to establish radio as a worth while means of distributing education. It is worth while, for the station is not "shooting an arrow into the air to have It fall It knows not where." 1 most of the states have little cause for complaint. The commission said this was especially the case in those states with smaller populations where tha first class artists were difficult to obtain. No other form of entertainment) provides the variety demanded from, broadcasting stations by many listen- ers, the commission declared.

An interesting recommendation made was that broadcasting companies take the greatest care to obtain ennouncers who will afford an example to listeners of how the English language should be pronounced and 1 used. This was considered essential in view of the "far reaching influence of wireless on listeners, especially chil- dren." They said that radio in the i hands of the unskilled may have an I injurious effect on those who are spd to Imitate one who has been especially chosen as an announcer. 1 Lsr PLOTTING VAAOMETER and the remainder of the receiver was mounted In an aluminum frame and aluminum base, cutting down all unnecessary weight. Both receiver and transmitter were slung from aluminum rods by means of elastic cords designed to counteract as much as possible the vibration from three roaring motors. Tube sockets also were of shock-proof type.

The main transmitter key. mounted close at hand on a table also used as a plotting table, was of flame-proof type, enclosed to prevent any possible chance of Igniting gasoline vapor. Headphones were mounted in a special helmet designed to exclude as much as possible the thundci of the motors. Between the transmitter and receivers and the gasoline tanks was a six-volt storage battery. At the extreme rear of the compartment was Technique for Microphone editor, who has made a special study of the art of broadcasting, declared President Coolidge Is a successful broadcaster because he speaks In a simple, clear and quiet voice.

Bryan's famous "Cross of Gold" speech would not have made a great impression over the radio, Mr. Felix says. Trader Horn, the celebrated South African explorer, whose personality won the admiration of the people he met during his recent visit to this country, lost much of his magic when he essayed contact in a radio hookup. His voice was too high pitched for the microphone. The same principle Is said to apply to singing voices and accounts for some of the radio failures of great artists.

Accustomed to facing large audiences they are unable to modulate their tones to quiet and sympathetic singing which reproduces naturally and easily. neglected, for they give the signal Its richness and fullness. Yet the bass notes must not be accentuated to the extent of making the signal boomy and hollow sounding, an error which is now often committed In the name of perfect quality. Tuners Favor Low Notes. The designer must ever keep In mind that the radio frequency tuner favors the bass notes and that the audio amplifier must be chosen so as to offset this inequality.

This means that the characteristic of the transformer should not be straight down to the lower limit of audibility, but should gradually bend downward. This Is no excuse lor a bad transformer, for the transformer must show a fair amplification as low as 40 cycles. A poor transformer shows a voltage loss below 100 cycles. There Is still another reason Why the audio frequency amplifier should not show full eflicieney below about 30 cycles, and why it should actually show a voltage loss below 10 or 15 cycles. An amplifier which is fully effective down to these low frequencies usuarTy motorboats viciously when connected to a battery eliminator.

By-pass condensers are not practical for stopping this disturbance because of the low frequency of the motorboating. In nearly all cases it Is necessary to Introduce some device which will cut down the amplification of the circuit at the troublesome frequencies to stop the disturbance. This only happens where the amplification is excessive below the audible limit. AUSTRALIAN FANS HAVE TROUBLE, TOO Washington, March 30 (IP) The Australian radio fan, like his brother listeners In America, Is becoming more fastidious about the entertainment he receives from the "theater of the air." Reports to the Department of Commerce on the radio situation in Australia show the complaints of listeners regarding programs are vex Ing broadcasters and government supervisory ofllrlals. The three chief complaints are that stations broadcast too much sports Information, too much Jazs music and too many talks.

A commission government found, however, that In view of the quality of programs and the comparatively small sum paid by listeners for a year's entertainment, the public In ii "7TP VAfiUOMET CR gTANTENNA the Southern Cross, whkn flew to Australia from San Francisco, the Friendship carried no short wave equipment. Wallace A. Battison. youthful radio expert of Cambridge, who rushed i nnmnistinn tha installation on the Friendship, wanted to install short wave equipment, dui nine yievcuvcu. crt vn niong uhlrh bore Miss Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly the Atlantic, ana two companions, emu nnvnfna inttrnHpfi to keen her In aUUaiUb.lo communication with steamships using 600 to 800 meters.

It was compact equipment, oo etnnreri iviv In the radio room. in the after part of the fuselage. A singie-Diaa, wina-anvcu gcucm mounted on the port side of the ship, nlato rurrAnt nf nhnnt. 700 volts as well as filament voltage for Special Vocal Required Washington, April 14 Idols of the public platform generally fizzle at the microphone. The reverberating tones of the spellbinder lose their potency in broadcasting because the microphone does not pick up the great variations in volume, students of the art of voice transmission declare.

The failure of the oratorical voice on the radio also is attributed to the unnatural and sometimes Jarring effect on listeners of a person shouting In the calm atmosphere of the home. Members of large audiences are accustomed to being addressed in powerful, resounding tones. They also come under the Influence of the personal magnetism and fire of the orator, who is often inspired by the presence of his auditors. This efect is lost In speaking to Invisible listeners Edgar H. Felix, radio engineer and EXPERTS DIFFER ON CYCLE RANGE HEEDED FOR AUDIO Frequencies Up to 10,000 Cycles Needed for Natural Speech.

What is the essential frequency range in audio amplification? Do the frequencies abovo 5,000 cycles contribute anything? Do those below 100 cycles? How far up and down should the straight characteristic of a transformer extend? In a good transformer it is not necessary nor even desirable that the straight line characteristic extend down to the very lowest audible notes nor up to the very highest, savs Roger St. Yves in Radio World. It is sufficient if the curve is straight over the essential part of the audible scale. And that raises the question as to what range in the audible scale is essential. There Is a wide divergence of opinion on that point In radio circles, but all those who understand the subject thoroughly in all Its phases are in close agreement.

When they do differ it Is In method rather than in results. One essential region of the scale Is that between 5,000 and 10,000 cycles. This region is often disregarded by designers of equipment on the ground that it lies above the musical range That is true, but It is not necessarily true that the hlRher musical frequencies can be reproduced realistically if those high audio frequencies are missing. The frequencies up to 10.000 are needed to give timbre to the higher notes used in music. One reason given for suppressing the frequencies in the 5 000 to 10,000 range is that it Is not necessary to reproduce them to make vocal speech Intelligible.

But is Intelligibility a sufficient criterion? If speech is to be reproduced naturally all the frequencies up to ought to be reproduced fully. The ease of Intelligibility depends on the audio frequencies lying above 6,000 cycles. As a selective radio frequency tuner suupresses the higher audio fre quencies It Is ell the more necessary to Insure against further suppression of these frequencies in the audio am plifying system. Audio transformers can do justice to the frequencies between 5.000 and 10.000 cycles. HUH, or nitbt the tat notes be in television signals it has done its part toward opening radio's eye.

The diagram of a television am plifier and reproducer indicates that its construction is not so difficult after all. Reception largely is a ques tion of finding such signals on tne air. Schenectady, now is broadcasting "radio movies" each Sunday evening after the regular Echoes From the By THE 40,000.000 radio listeners scattered all over the U. S. A.

got nearly as big a kick out of the Democratic Convention as those who were present in person, and the jinonnnn VmH the nrivileffe of listen ing in pajamas or lying in a bathtub rilled witn cool water irom me uaw kills and smoking an old oarncob or a otrA rioar or a ronphlpss clcarette. while those who were at Houston had to sit up fairly straight and look lalriy presentame ana enaure mji is nl Hicrnmfnrts. nwinff to the terrific heat of Texas on those "perfect" June days. Th nn hiir nrlvantage the radio convention fan had over his brethren and sisters at Houston was tne anility tn turn off a snpfiker Ht will. If he tired of hearing the praises of a cer tain man lrom jawga, repeated uver and over again, all he had to do was to turn his little knob, and in less than a jifly the tiresome talker was snufTed out as completely as if the earth had swallowed him, and the listener could soothe his ruffled nerves with sounds of sweet harmony from some studio that was not noonea up with Houston.

Some of the speeches we heard on Wednesday night sounded as if a saxophonist or a violinist were playing up and down the scale. The old-fashioned rising inflection orator, who takes you up to the top note and leaves you there when he ends a sentence was out in force, and was no less tiresome than he was 25 years ago. The gentleman from "Flahda" who n.nntnH tn second the nomination of the gentleman from "Jawga," we feared would collapse before he got around to mentioning tne canaiaaie name. He grew so eloquent that words frequently failed him, so he sinn has considerable latitude in en forcing the law, and that it will not be necessary to license an equal number of stations in each zone. Judge S' kes.

the other legal member of' the Comnvfslon, holds a different view. "The law specifically says that thrc shall be an equal division," says Judge Svkes, "and there is only one interpretation that can be placed on those words." Rep. Wallace White, chairman ol the House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, which considered the radio bill, also thinks that the law requires an equal division on a mathematical basis. Judge Robinson thinks that when a station Is operating only half time, it should be counted as only one-half a station. Rep.

White contends, on the other hand, that whether the station operates full time, or only one-tenth of the time, It requires a license, and the law specifies that there shall be en eoual division of licenses among tlje five zones. of a 1 Commission in such a way shat a new allocation ot stations would not be necessary. Prominent among these is Rep Iwin L. Davis, original sponsor of the "equal" and "equitable" provisions in the law. Judge Davis now contends that the law does not require an absolute equality of division of licenses, power, channels and operating hours among the five zones of the country At the time the bill was up in the House for consideration, Rep.

Davis severely criticized the Commission ior granting more stations and power to the New York and Chicago sections than to the South. As a result, Con-(tress called on the commission to make a new allocation, which would make an "equal" division of broadcasting facilities between the flvi rones, "and an equitable division among the States of each zone, according to population. But when the commission bcean to figure the quotas for each ate tinder the law it was found that Tennessee, the home State of Judge Davis, would lose several stations. Only Fair Distribution. Then, it is claimed, Judce Davis changed his mind about the interpretation to the law.

It Is said that recently he Informed the commission that the "law doesn't mean at that there should be an absolutely equal mathematical division: all that Congress wanted was a fairer distribution." Judge Robinson, the chairman ot the commission, docs not believe that the law requires an equal mathematical Qiwuou. He thinks the (on.nuj- I country. 1.