The Raleigh Register from Raleigh, North Carolina • Page 2

The Road to Health. 1 ta. Mima--TheY may. ao- cording to an elabdVate late written on the "Uotton ana commerce tu ed by the construction of rail-roads. lot tne Southern' States have made cotton nnder as great, wau imciuni uauspviw -are also providing similar remedies.

It is not then "certain that railroads would obriate the difficulty; nor can we see how the pbilantnro- piSt WOUIO gain VJ irauBisruiit cotton' from ihe Mississippi to the Ganges, for the slavery of caste ia, according to travellers; more abject than that which exists upon the plantation. We can, nowever, verv how the Englishman would gain by breaking down an American interest. The proposed substitution of flax raised the hopes of the Abolitionist greatly, bat as the area of slavery covers every variety of soil and climate, much of it is adapted to the production of hemp or flax, and would be immediate- 1 JwAaaA if annAA.rfl ly engagea in its cunurc. ium rrr that Kentucky produces 2.107,261 pounds of flax, being more man aouoie me prouucmi other State whilst Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri, produce nearly two-thirds of the whole flax crop. Kentucky and Missouri alone produce about ninety per cent, of the whole hemp crop.

It is plain, from these facts, that the substitution of flax or hemp would merely vary the local value of slave labor. We cannot, however, pass from the proposition to extirpate cotton and slavery without calling the attention of the News to a single peculiarity in its position. "It considers it non-apnsA tu think and mere cant to talk of abolish ing slavery if it involved the deprivation of mil lions ot our people at cotton. The Rev. Mr.

Stows say "he has a large family, and cannot do without it." It seems, then, that the social consequences to result from abolition will justify its postponement. Has it occurred to the Neics to compare the sacrifices of the cotton planter with those of the cotton consumer, in the event the value of slave property should be destroyed? It would seem tliat the editor of the News, with the Ilev. Mr. Stowe, lady, and family will not strip off some dozen cotton shirts, drawers, and chemises, whilst a planter is expected to reduce himself and family to absolute want. The Abolition logic is therefore this Slaves ought to be free.

But slaves make cotton chemises for Mrs It is "nonsense and cant" to expect that Mrs. ro aim pi ly cau uispeuse nuu a tunuu indispensable. ThtTpfiirp must nntinne Reallv. having witnessed the insanity of ab olition Wf now Im'IhiIH its idinev. VV hv do not these agitators appeal to the men, women, and ciinuren 01 r.ugiauu tnus: iviercnanis no longer deal in cotton.

Mariners refuse to aid in its transportation. Manufacturers why will ye spin the accursed staple? Editors 1 print not your anathemas upon the very object which you denounce. Spinsters! 6purn every dividend tainted with its profits. Citizens subscribe to the extinction of slavery every atom of advantage which you derive from it. If they be sincere in their exhortations, let a great Cotton Abstinence Society be organized, hose members shall renounce the use of every slave staple.

If the "millions of our people" shall join the society and keep the pledge, the culture of those staples must terminate. But until each individual consumer shall consent to give up the use of a staple, it really seems unreasonable to expect the planter to give up the slave which produces it. TIIE "UNDERGROUND RAILROAD." Our readers, at least some of them, we presume, know what an "underground railroad" means, when the term is used in abolition quarters. It is an association of abolitionists, whose first business is to steal, or cause to be stolen, seduced or inveigled, on promises of the fairest and most alluring character which are never fulfilled or realized slaves from Southern plantations, and when they reach the borders of the free States, to forward them to Canada, with the utmost secrecy and dispatch. They have regular runners, forwarders and agents transact business systematically and hurry the poor negro from the genial clime he is accustomed to, to the icy regions of Queen Victoria's Northern possessions, with railroad speed, and with little risk of detention or recapture.

The "Underground Railroad Company" use many lines in the North. They penetrate New York, and the Eastern States, run through Pennsylvania, and traverse Ohio, in all directions. Owing to long experience, and to willing hearts, the agents are udmirable adepts at their business. To seduce a negro from a comfortable home, where he has never known the approach of want to steal him from an indulgent and provident master to carry him to a cold, strange, and uncongenial country, and there leave him to shift for himself, and starve, freeze and die, in glorious freedom, affords them huge and unmixed delight; the robbing of the Southerner, however, appears to give them intense joy, so much so, that one would be led to thiuk they could subsist on fraud, go to sleep on thievery, clothe themselves with robberies as a mantle, and get down on their knees and thank the powers of infamy that they were natural born felons. The starving, dissipated, unhappy, and miserable, free negroes around them, receive not the slightest attention at their hands.

Tliey are free that is sufficient free to suffer from want free to die from inattention and free to fill pauper graves when they do die. Abolition efforts are alone directed to the making of the slave free, without fitting or assisting him to earn a living when he does become free. The consequence is that they wither under the curse of freedom, Uve miserable lives, are a nuisance to themseljres and the community, and when they depart this life are buried at the expense of the public. The history of the lives and deaths, and the present condition of nineteen twentieths of the runaway negroes in the North and in Canada, fully sustain and confirm these facts. The "underground railroad," however, appears, to be ddiug a brisk business, judging from the following notice from the New York 2H-buiw.

"The New York branch of the Underground Railroad has just elected a new Board of Directors, and, as we understand, is doing an extensive business in the forwarding line. It is said that since the 1st of January, 1853, no less than sixty-five passengers have been transported over this branch of the road, and that thirteen took passage for the North in one train last week. We see it stated that the business of this road is confiued exclusively to the passenger traffic, that the trains are all all run in a northwardly direction, and issue no return tickets. This last circumstance arises from an indisposition on the part of the Company to enter into a fruitless competition with the powerful Southern line, supported by the Government and the Union Safety Committee." The worthy Treasurer of this Company, that was, met with a mishap a year or so ago. He had, in the pursuit of his pious avocations, forged names and appropriated moneys, for which a vandal court sentenced him to a couple of years in the penitentiary We have no doubt be was just as honest as any of the other partners 1 The Advantages of Printing.

Mr. B. a well known metropolitan printer, once told us that on one occasion an old woman from the country came into his printing office with an old Bible in her hand. "I want" said she "that rou should print it over again. Its getting a eetle blurred, sort of, and my eyes is not wot they wo8.

How much do you ax "Fifty Cents." "Can you have it done in half an hour? wish, yoa would, want to be gifting home, live good ways out of town." "Certainly." When the old lady went out, he sent round to the office of the American Bible Society and purchased a copy for fifty cents. "Lor sakes a massy exclaimed the old lady when she came to look at it, "how good you've fixed it! it's e'en a most as good as new 1 1 never see nothing curous as what printers is." Knickerbocker. potatoes; Jerusalem artichokes, cabbages, tar-1 nTps, beets, carrots, parsnips, clover, lucern, Ae. This corresponds to- what prior to the investigations of Sprengel was to have been expected, for the reason that the same manure promotes though not in every ease in an equal degree-yet it promotes the growth of them all. If, we desire to know what mineral sub stances we may have occasion to ask from the geologist, as the means of improving the soils of North Carolina, we need hardly go beyond these eleven.

These are the materials to wnicn it pleased the all-wise Creator to restrict himself, when he fixed the means to be employed in building up the organic world. Ttf Ik aUmn tnnviranSn Wu in Nim tlirH silica, alumina and oxide of iron are present in annerabundance.so far as the wants of plants are concerned, in the soil of every pan oi North Carolina. Two, magnesia and oxide of manganese, probably occur everywhere in quantity sufficient for all the demands of agricul ture. and sulphuric acid can-be cheanlv and abundantlv suDDlied. There re- main bat four' potash, soda, lime ana pnos- 7 phoric acid about which we need feel any anxiety that the requisite amount mayoeiounu wanting.

Of these there is probably a deficiency greater or less in the soils of all the middle And vAaiorn mnntiM of the State, and the re port of the geologist is to inform ns to what extent these, as well as the eastern and southern portions of the State, can be supplied with thera from the secondary and tertiary deposits that stretch along parallel to the ocean, in what has been sometimes called the low country oi morui Carolina. Before proceeding to this, however, some other things will require attention. I shall ham rvrairn to nuote more than once, or twice. Derhaps. passages from the Rural Economv of Boussinsault, and in one instance an opinion differing somewhat from those ex-nressed bv Professor Mapes on the pages of the Working Faraer.

MBoussiiwault is regard ed (and desenredljj as one ot tfte very nignesi autnonties on an questions oi tticuuug culture. He has seen something of the world; has resided a good while in South America, and travelled extensively there. He Is a profound and skilful chemist, and a member of the lnsti tute of France. He is a man of property, hav ing estates near the Khme, where, as we learn incidentally, be works thirty horses and as many oxen. He manages for himself, and has his own eve upon all the details of the estab lishment.

He shrinks from no labour which promises as its results an improvement in any of the practices and methods of rural economy. He analyses, for example, a portion of the fo rage on wnicn nis cows are ieu, to asceruuii us composition. He takes the same forage after the cow has done with it not the part that she has left and refused to eat but what she has actually eaten, when she has no further use for it he takes thi-s with the zeal and glee with which he would receive a nosegay from the fairest of the Parisian beauties, and analyses it also, to see what the cow has taken ironi it whilst she has had it in hand I was going to say; but that would not express accurately the true condition of thinjrs. bueh a man as this is an hijrher authority than Professor Mapes 4 S. lite soils of all countries and places, the world over, are in general composed mainly of two substances only silica, which is seen in masses of some size in common white flint, and alumina, which gives to clay its well known properties.

Neither of the two can. be absent in a good soil. If there be a very great excess of silica, the soil will be light and sandy; if the alumina exceed a certain proportion, it will be too stiff for cultivation. On a large scale, it will not answer to attempt to correct these faults of a bad Boil on either the one side or the other. Boussingault says, (Rural Economy, page 233): In a district where the soil' is too clayey, our endeavor ought to be, to make it acquire, to a certain extent, the qualities of light soils.

Theory indicates the means. to be followed to effect such a change; it suffices to introduce sand into soils that are too stiff, and to mix clay with those that are too sandy. But these recommendations of science, which, indeed, the common sense of mankind had already pointed out, are seldom realized in practice, and only appear feasible to those who are entirely unacquainted with rural economy. The digging up and transport of the various kinds ofsoil, according to the necessities of the case, are very costly operations. I should have no difficulty in citing numerous instances where improvements, by mingling different kinds of sqjl, were ruinous in the end to those who undertook them.

A piece of sandy soil, for example, purchased at a very low price, after having been suitably improved by means of clay, cost its proprietor much morethan the best land in the country." If it will not answer in Europe, where land is dear and labor cheap, to attempt to correct the faults of a bad soil in this way, much more must such an undertaking be a folly in North Caro lina. When we have an excess of sand at the surface, and a clay subsoil, at a moderate depth, the two may be mixed with advantage, but beyond this, it is not safe to go. In general, we must take all soils as nature has given them to us, and with the exception of a prospect for a vegetable garden, or a place for flowers for one's wife or daughters, c6nhne our efforts mainly to the introduction of those substances which the vegetables we cultivate require as food, which they take np and incorporate with their own substance. MagneVia and the oxides of iron and manganese appear to be present everywhere around us, in as large quantities as we have need of. Sulphuric acid may beintroduc ed under the form of sulphate of lime or gypsum, which costs but between three and four dollars a ton, and chlorine, of which a very small proportion only is required, under that of common salt.

Of the remaining four constituents of the ashes of corn, potash, lime, soda, pliosphoric acul, it may safelv be presumed that in the soil of every part of North Carolina there is no excess, but rather a deficiency. How great a deficiency, whilst it may not be very important it may be extremely difficult impossible, with any moderate amount of trouble to ascertain (Boussingault, pages 205-6) A great deal has been written since Bug-man's time, upon the chemical composition of soils. Chemists of great talent have made many complete analyses of soils noted for their fertility still, practical agriculture has hitherto derived very slender benefits from labors of this kind." The four substances, just now named, potash, soda, lime and phosphoric acid, must of course exist in the soil whenever it is such as to produce an ear of corn or a head of wheat, however small. Still, one or more of them may be present in such small' proportion, even in soils of moderate fertility, as to be detected with extreme difficulty, even if the most skilful and delicate analysis shall find them to such an amount as to admit of their being separated and weighed. The chemistry of nature is so superior to that of man, that she extracts the needful elements from the soil, even when he cannot discover them.

It may be enough for him, at leasjt for the present, that he has been able to ascertain what substances vegetables require in the soil, and take up from it. The amount of the benefit, which chemistry has in this way conferred upon agriculture, cannot be easily overrated. We know now, what bud-stances, indispensable to vegetation, we are carrying off from the fields with the crops every year, and what, therefore, if we will maintain their fertility, we must, under some form, restore to them. We may escape, therefore, the evils that have fallen upon the countries lying around the eastern end of the Mediterranean, Palestine, Asia Minor, Greece and Sicily, which were the ancient seats of civilization, and whose soils ap-pear to have been more productive two or three centuries ago than they are now. Thev wer once capable of furnishing, did furnish, food, toH a mucn larger population than at the present day.

The crops that have been gathered from them, for long succession of ages, must have withdrawn from them those elements of fertility, which, if left to themselves, they can, of course, never regain. From the Tb the Citizen pj" Raleigh and its Vicinity i Aj the correspdnding Secretary of the State Agricultural Society, I feel it to be my duty. to. address yoa at tois xoo are aware on the 18th of last October, si was held in the city of Raleigh for the purpose ot inr. State Agricultural Societv.

which, after a desperate effort, was accomplished. If allowed to judge lrom tne nam per present va that occasion, I must come to the conclusion that the people of Raleigh and Wake county felt but little interest in the object of this convention, and this I think is the only conclusion that can be arrived at in regard to the feelings of the people of the entire State. At this time the State Agricultural Society of Virginia has 862 members, with a fund of $1,4 0, with a fair nrosneet of its beine increased in a short time to $3,400. The State Agricultural Society of North Carolina has about So members witn a fund of about $75, with I fear but little prospect of its being much enlarged for some time to come, if we are to judge of the future by the past Is not this a sad picture for the people of our State to look upon It ought to make them blush for shame to see that as a people we are so much wanting in State pride. In almost every State north and south of ns, there is established a State Agricultural Society in successful operation and holding annual Fairs.

Even the little State of Florida, sending only one member to Congress, has an annual Fair proclaiming to her sister States that though young she will not be left behind. How much longer will our people be content to behold North Carolina dragging along behind every other State in point of Agricultural advancement? The present degraded position of Agriculture in our State cannot be attributed to the natural pover ty of our lands or a want of means for enriching those which have been exhusted by an improvident system of culture. But the only cause that can be assigned for this condition of things is a want of energy on the part ot our people. That the holding of a State Fair, under the man agement of the State Agricultural Society, would greatly encourage our people to increased exertions, does not admit of a doubt, if we are to judge from the results of such exhibitions other States. That Kaleieh is the most suitable location in the Stale for holding a State Fair is equally true in order that the farmers and mechanics in various parts of the State may have a fair opportunity for presenting specimens of their in dustry.

These two Questions settled, the next and a very important one, too, is, how, and by whom, are the funds to be raised, in order to make the necessary preparations fur the holding of the fair. A short time since a writer in 'The Raleigh Register" suggested that the people of Raleigh raise a fund of purchase the grounds, erect the buildings, and make them a present to the society for the holding of their annual Fairs. This, in my opinion, is the proper plan for raising such a fund as may be required for this purpose. It is the plan pursued by the people of those cities in other States, where these exhibitions are held. The amount which would be required in the beginning would not, I think, be as much as $5,000 the prepa rations could be made for 3,000 at farthest, though there would have to be yearly an addition to the enclosure made as the interest in the matter increased in the State.

Viewing it alone as a matter of speculation, it would be a fine investment by the people of Raleigh and vicinity, for I was credibly informed that the last annual Fair held in Baltimore brought into that city in one week, which amount could not be raised by any other exhibition than such as the one spoken of. Judging from what 1 have seen since the formation of our State Agricultural Society, I am of opinion, that if a roper spirit is evinced in getting up a State air, that there will be a very large attendance upon it, and quite a handsome show can Ik: made. But if the same coldness and indifference in relation to the matter still continue to exist, as have been so apparent before, it will be a grand failure, and result in shame and mortification to all engaged in it. The State Agricultural Society are, I think, resolved not to hold their annual exhibitions at any glace that fails to manifest a proper degree of interest in the matter. And here I would say th it a 'hint to the wise is sufficient," for there ure other counties anxious that the annual Fairs Miould be held at their county towns.

And as ideqpe of the truth of this assertion, I will state that I have been told that the jeople of Wayne county will readily raise if the Fair should be permanently located at Uoldsboro'. I heard one man. Col. John Everett, say he would give one tenth part of the sum, if this was done. A called meeting of the State Agricultural Society will be held in Raleigh on the and I hope to see a large number of persons from various parts of the State present, ready to aid in making the necessary preparations for a State Fair on the 18th of next October.

Let every young man in the State, who has the a-bility, be present at that time, showing by his presence, that he approves of the step and is ready to lend his aid in the advancement of that Suite that gave him birth. I hope that between this and the 25th, the young men of Raleigh and its vicinity will use every exertion to raise the "wind" which may be necessary to blow up the Fair and arouse the people of our State to a full sense of their condition. Will every paper in the State please copy? JOHN F.TOMPKINS. Corresponding Secretary. COPPER.

Particular attention attaches, at this present moment, to copper, and all articles of which it forms a component part, on account of the verv high prices prevailing, which have been brought about by the largely increased demand and the reduced supplies from the principal mines Jit home and abroad. The receipts of copper ore from the South American ininjjaiavo of lute years been comparatively limited, vessels having found more profitable employment in loading with other articles, particularly guano and from the northern mining districts of our own Auntry, only a moiety oT the entire product which might have been realized has been sent to market. In the meantime, the carrying trade of the world was increasing most rapidiy, more vessels probably having been built during the last five years than ever before within the same space of time and there are now on the stocks, and under contract, from Maine to Florida, a greater number of vessels, according to all accounts, than ever before. With all vessels, it is well known, the sheathing fur the preservation of the bottom timbers is one of the most expensive items, and an idea may therefore be formed of the extent of the increased demand within the last three or four years, or since the shipping of the world has so rapidly multiplied, for all articles suitable for bottom sheathing, such as copper and yellow metal. These facts furnish the philosophy, we think, of the great advance in copper.

The following table will exhibit, at a glance, the extent of the advance in copper in this market: Prices. Feb. 5, '53. Baltimore Braziers', ft CaZl April 30, '53. -40 w45 (35 (a)40 -30 (0,30 (20 (26 idZO -34 Baltimore Nails Baltimore ref'd ingots Baltimore Sheathing English Sheathing Taunton Metal Nails Taunton Metal Spikes And bolts Taunton Yellow Metal English Yellow Metal Pig Camp.

Nails 1, i There appears to be more ceneral (26 in the productiveness and profit of the Southern Copper ines than those of the Lake Superior and other regions in that part of. our country. In regard to'the Copper Mines of Maryland, it may be that there appears to be a greater degree of confidence in their probable productiveness than in most of the other South- 0 (5,35 28(a30 (520 (a.29 (25 ($25 23(a, 23 a23 lgyWe confess we are glad to seehe cur-, rent of popular opinion setting in the proper direction on the subject of the Public LandV and their luture disposal by vongrees xt is noi be denied, that numbers of the Democratic arty are now prepared to unite the. ia denouncing the unequal distribution of the lands, for the benefit of the new, to the damage of the old States and to call upon Congresafor the adoption of a system that shalt render justice to all 1 hail the evidences of union, np-on this point with pleasure. It is a proper principle, popular, and must continue to in favor with the masses of the people, It- is the issue of the timer.rfcj As an wefind the following, offered at a Democratie meeting, by a majority of a committee appointed to prepare 'resolutions: Whireas, The xf granting the pabi lie lands to actual settlersand of making large" appropriations of the same to works of internal improvement within particular States a policy unjust, unequal and impolitic seems persevered in by Congress, That it is the dnty of the representatives of the older States to claim an eoual distribution of the public domain, by the adoption of such a system as will do equal justice to all either by a distribution of the lands, or by a deposit with the States of their proceeds, to be invested by the Legislature, in the School or such other Funds as they may direct." The Democrats are changing ground on this subject as they have upon the Internal Improvement question.

Let the ball roll on. Wilmington Herald. Public Dinners are under the ban of Horace Greeley, who, in an editorial in the Tribune, noticing the banquet to John P. Hale, opens thus. "Public dinners are public nuisances flagrantly so.

Theyare a relic of outgrown barbarism which esteems eating and drinking the chief ends of life, and would show' affection as Joseph did to his brother Benjamin by giving him three times as great a mess as was apportioned to his half-brothers. It is every way unworthy of our age to attempt to honor, reward or show admiration for a public benefactor by feasting him, even when (as at Boston yesterday) intoxicating Kquors are excluded. But an ordinary public dinner, "with a stick in it," is essentially a bestial performance. Two or three hundred people are Assembled to eat an inordinate meal, at an unusual and unseasonable hour, paying for it a sum that many of them cannot really afford, and washing it down with incessant libations of villainously drugged cider and cockroach Madeira, which getssteadily worse as the company get more and more enthusiastically and obliviously drunk then the speeches, beginning with the prosy and the foggy and ending somewhere, in the-infancy of ihe small hours, with the tipsy and the nasty then the leathery cloud of cigar-smoke which, for the last hour or two, is battened down upon the whole concern, afflicting, torturing, demoralizing all well-bred, cleanly, uncorrupted senses and ah the sick headaches, the days of misery, and often the fatal illness that follow, as Death on the Pale Horse was followed. On the whole, we consider the public dinner the absurdest, stupidest bore of the ninteenth century." Singulis Presentiment Dr.JosiahBartlett, of New-Hampshire, one of the victims of the recent accident, was visited a few weeks ago at his residence by a friend from the City, who invited him to 6pend a few days in New-York, at the then approaching Medical Convention.

Dr. B. replied that it would afford him much pleasure to spend some time in our City, but that he had great apprehension of danger in traveling to and fro, augmented by the fact that when he last visited New-York, he had engaged his passage in the steamer Lexinuton, fcr the fatal trip on which she was burned, when almost every passenger perished, but did not reach the wharf in season to get on board, lie, subsequently, overcame his reluctance to travel, attended the Convention in this City, and met with the fate he dreaded, in the New-Haven cars. N. Y.

Express. The second nuptials of the widow Canter to Mr. Frederick Rush were fortunately chronicled. When Cupid did this maiden banter On Hymen's course to take a brush, At first she went it with a Canter, But now she goes it with a Rusk! VALUABLE GOLD MINES AND MILLS SALE. 'PHE Subscriber offers for sale some VALUA-h BLE GOLD MINES five miles northofRuth-erfordton.

In the tracts of laud upon whifch veins have been opened there are about Acres. Fifty, or more, shafts have beeu suuk, and some of the RICHEST PYRITES ORES have been taken out, ever found in North Carolina. The lands have an abundance of Ihe finest timber, affording wood upon the ground for tunnelling and for steam machinery and building. It is mostly woodland. The veins are believed to be extemive and of very great richness.

Attached to it is an exceflent shoal on 2d Broad River, upon which there is a first rate MERCHANT MILL, Gold Mill, with Stamps, Amalgam barrels, large iurnace for. roasting ores, and machinery of every kind necessary for the immediate working of the mines. Ihe Mills arc about two miles from the Veins with them. tirst-rato road for hauling to These mines, the Subscriber believes to be equal in value to any ever foundOu this State. They have been worked only to a limited extent and very unskilfully.

Every facility will be afforded to persons desiring to examine them. The shafts have not been worked for two years but the mill is in operation with a good custom and is in good repair. It is worked by Parker's Iron Submerged Re-action wheel, and has ample supply of water. It has upon it good buildings for dwelling houses, offices, shops, aud a very slight expenditure will fit every thing up for work. jThe Subscriber believes that no better opportunity can be afferd-ed for the investment of capital to those desirous to engage profitably in Gold Milling.

If not sold at private sale, the property will be sMd at public sale at Rutherford ton on the 31st of MAY next. JOHN GRAY BYNUM. April 26th, 18o3. w4w-35 WHITE McKENNEY Scccissoiis to PEKBLES, SCOTT WHITE, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in STAPLE AND FANCY eta vr csa cs us sa SYCAMORE STREET, PETERSBURG, Va. J.

AXDKEW WHITE, March 29, 1853. B. A. McKENXET, (Late with Jno. StSTennn.) ly 27 VARIETY STOYE WAREHOUSE- BARTLBTT BENT, Manufacturer Dealer in the most approved STOVES, RANGES, Farmers' Boilers, Ship Cabooses, Gas Orens, Charcoal and Hard Coal Furnaces, Oven Fronts, Iron Castings generally, 23 Street Kew York.

William- S. Mnonn ATTORNEY COUNSELLOR AT LAW, WILL practice hi the Courts of Chatham and Wake. He may be found at his office, at the corner of the square upon which Mr. McKijc-moj's residence is situated. Raleigh, Jan.

25, 1853. 6moa 9 Planished; Dish Covers. IMPERIAL Planished Tin Dish Covers, oblong, sets of 8. For rale by TURNER. Raleigh, May 6, 1853.

38 Just Received. DA A A 8,000 Regalias 8,000 fjyjyj KJ short HaTSJin, all genuine imported Cigars. 3,000 Domestic of different brands. 600 lbs Chewing Tobaeco 800 lbs Smoking Tobacco. May tflSSA i' 88 era mines.

The Dollyhide ifiine, iea Liberty? Frederick county, ia not being worked extensively as yet, bat is yielding at the rateof mi no in RaltimorA ennntr. capable of Yield-. ing some one hundred and twenty tons, per has lately beenppened, and Is already yielding at tne rate ot lorty tons per monw. -tapsco and Mineral Hill mines, near Reisters town, the Carroll, near Sykesville, and the New London, near Liberty, shafts are -being. and other preparations going forward for more active operation.

None of the Maryland mines have heretofore been -worked oa an extensive scale. The Dollyhide has just changed' hands, and will immediately be put in full operation, with the pro mi so of large returns. Baltimore Price Current. Except those of North Carolina. Rxa, From the "Washington Republic." FACTS FOR FANATICS.

An article in the London News discusses the millennium of emancipation with great earnest ness, but encounters an obstacle which will de fer the realization of its hopes for some time longer. The Rev. Professor Stows, in one of his resent speeches, had affirmed that the price of a slave has risen from 400 to through the British demani for cotton. lie says "that it is cotton which sustains American slavery. I do not say you can do without it.

I wish I could do without it myself. I have a large family to clothe I am a poor man, and must use cotton. But I wish I could do without it But the thing is, can we live without supporting Amer ican slavery 7 Ihe Neves adds: "That is a question to which thousands now feel no hesitation in answering: Yes, we can live without supporting American slavery, and without depriving ourselves ootton either. If that were the alternative, we should liot say a word because we certainly could not wish to deprive millions of our people of the healthful, cheap, aud convenient clothing that our cotton manufacture affords, or the millions of the maintenance they derive from our manufacture and commerce in that article. In short, it would be nonsense to think of it, and mere cant to talk of it, as the American planters and Brit ish manufacturers know perfectly well.

The reverend traveller betrays an ignorance of the subject of which he speaks. The prioe of slaves employed as field hands has not risen to the price he mentions. Nor has the advance in the price tf slaves been occasioned exclusively by the demand for cotton. There is a positive deticiencv of slave labor for the various purposes to it may be applied. That this has caused the advance is proven by the that the value of slave labor is as great, taking ail things into consideration, in the older slave States, a in the new or cotton planting ones.

We can specify several departments of in" dustry in which tlave labor has been recently introduced to a larger extent than heretofore, and some others in which it has been in eu-hanced demand. Of the first class is the employment of slaves in the construction and repair of rail-roads, the production of metals, the extraction of minerals. The manufacture of tobacco and cotton has increased greatly within a few years; and as the intelligence of the slaves improves ia ever' generation, they are employed not only in those, but in many mi-chanical departments, to a much greater extent than heretofore. It is a great mistake to imagine that cotton furnishes the only agricultural pursuit in which slave labor is profitable. A large extent of the Southern States is devoted to the production of rice, sugar, tobacco, hemp, stockand grain.

In all these slave labor is profitably employed. Upon the eastern Atlantic coast a large amount of slave labor is devoted to the taking of shell and other fish, to cutting wood, cultivating vegetables, and to their transportation to the Northern markets. Let us offer a few facts to show the extent to which the 6lave States are engaged in manufacturing and producing staple provisions. They have about operatives employed, aud perhaps fifteen mjUions of dollars invested in the manufacture ofcotton, iron, and wool Thev produce nearly one-fourth part of the wool grown in the I'nite'd States. Their corn crop amounts to alxut 247,000,000 bushels, or about half the whole corn product.

The value of live stock is more than two hundred and fifty millions, or nearly half the whole product. The value of manufactures, and of the provision product, is only intended to show tho ex tent tu which the Southern States have extend-1 investment and production in those departments of industry. This will counteract the impression that all slavery grows upon one neck, to cut off which is to exterminate it. It is moreover to be remembered that this comparison of provision products is made a-gainat the gieat provision States of the Northwest that much of this production seeks its outlet and consumption in the South; and that the South is strniuing every nerve to increase its commerce with this section. It is by means of agitation in the New England States that the Reverend Mr.

Stowe is en deavoring to produce the "lay down de shubble and de hoe" millennium in tiie South. If the provision productions of the South are compared with those of the New England States, it will be seen that there is an immense disparity. Either Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, or Virginia produce tenfold the bread-stuffs and live stock of the New England Two or three Southern States make as many bushels of ground peas as the New England States do of corn whilst the the thirty million bushels of sweet potatoes, produced and consumed principally by the slaves, equal almost any provision staple made by Now Englaud. These statistics show two facts The first, that cotton is but the principal amongst many southern staples. Second, that with such an abundance of provisions, slave labor must always be difficult to starve out.

On the other hand, the New England States must, in the event of a total cessation of slave production, abandon the immense and extending home market, of which they have now almost a monopoly, and seek elsewhere a temporary or permanent market for their manufactures. Without making so accurate an estimate as we might have done of the various productions in which slave labor is employed, we may state that the superior health and comforts of the older slave States have equalized the value of slaves throughout the South, and put a stop to those large movements of white and black emigration called by Abolitionists the "slave trade." There is thus an apportionment of slaves amongst the States rendered permanent by the causes mentioned. The London News will not now be surprised to learn that there are more than 1,500,000 slaves inhabiting Stales tchich do not make cotton for market at all, whilst the remainder are employed in making cotton, sugar, and rice. We should then estimate the number of operatives employed in making the present crop of wotton at about 550,000, with a fair proportion of women and children, making, in the aggregate, perhaps one million, or less than one-third of the aggregate number. It may be said that much of the slave labor employed in producing provisions and staples, other than cotton, would be unnecessary if the culture of cotton should terminate.

This is very true. Slaves so employed stand in the same relation to tho cotton crop with Jthe free labor of Indiana, of Massachusetts, or of Manchester. They would suffer in common by the diminished demand for their several products. We do not therefore think that the abandonment of cotton culture in the Cnited States would cause the abolition of slavery because slavery existed before the culture of cotton as a staple. Slave labor wguld be transferred to the culture of any representative staple.

It seems as cheap as any substitute proposed for it. 1 The Abolitionists have proposed two methods of terminating the production of cotton ia the I United States. The first is by transferring it i to the East Indies. The signal failure of experiments has proved the existence of insurmountable moral and pby- COMMUNICATION TOM. THE EEGISTEB- AGRICULTURE AND TILE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

NO. II. Th argument for young man's applying himself to the study of chemistry, with a to his becoming a mora successful cultivator, is brief one, and is frequently stated under prst-tj nearly the following form If a farmer understands chemistry, he can tnalyse ikt toil that is to be tilled, if not with his hands, under kit direction, and ascertain what ingredient of a good soil wanting which he wM then proceed to supply. This is very well, pro-Tided the important missing element be known to possess the character that in fact belongs to it and be also at Vis command. But unfortu nately, the argument was repeated through a lone series of years, before chemists set tnem- selTes earnestly to work, at the business of as certaining what are the indispensable ingredi ents of a good soil in other words, what constituents of the soil do the vegetables that are most rained and therefore most cultivated by mankind, take np from the earth, and in corporate with their own substance.

If the con dition of a certain number of people is to be improved, so far as article of food is con cerned, the first point to be ascertained en dently is, what they will eat, and what will have the effect of nourishing them. It was long supposed that the earth exercises some vast, but mvsterions and incomprehensible agency, in determining the feeble or vigorous growth of the vegetable that surf ace. vry hrirf sketch of the proeress of connexion with this question, wiU not be out of place here. The first recorded experiment, having for its nMt to ascertain the causes and sources of vegetable growth, was made by Van Brussels, about tne time 01 tae nrsi seiuemem of Virginia, and it led to false conclusions Van Ilelmont planted a willow, which weighed 5 pounds, in an earthen vessel, filled with 200 pounds of soil previously dried in an orn. and moistened with rain water.

This vessel he sunk into the earth, and he watered his willow, sometimes with rain and sometimes with distilled water. After five years, ic weighed 169 i lbs. and the earth in which it was planted, when again dried, was found to have lost only two of its original weight. Here, it has been said, was an increase of 164 and yet the only food of the willow was pure water tnereiore, 11 iouows tnai pure wa ter is sufficient to afford nourishment to plants." No account was taken of the leaves that fell from the willow, and which must have added considerably to the whole amount of the vegetable matter that was found. It seemed to have been formed out of water that water was changed into wood.

This view of the case could not be corrected till between 150 and 200 years afterwards not before the rise of the modern chemistry. In 1756, or a little earlier. Dr. Black, of Scotland, ascertained the existence of Another aeriform or gaseous body besides common air, which was called at first fixed air, and subsequently, carbonic acid gas. It exists abundant-lyin common limestone, and is produced when wood is burnt on the common fire.

It is always Ji resent in small quantity in the air. Priestley ound that when vegetables were placed in jars containing this gas, the gas disappeared, and there remained an equal volume or measure of very pure air in its stead. The carbonic acid gas is absorbed by the leaves of the vegetables, decomposed, the carbon it contains, appropriated and made part of the vegetable, and the other constituent set free. When, therefore, wood is burnt in the common fire, it is not annihilated. The carbon or charcoal that is in it unites with the oxygen of the air, goes in a gaseous form up the chimney and being diffused in the atmosphere, is, through the agency of the leaves, and the sunlight, converted into wood again.

We see, then, from what quarter the wood of Van Ilelmont's willow was derived. The same thing is exhibited in the grove that surrounds the University. The oaks of which it is principally compose are increasing in size and weight from year to year. The leaves which fall from them, are in a large part of it either carried off or burnt in the winter and spring. There is no carbon in the soil.

What they gain therefore they mast necessarily take from the atmosphere. This discovery of the origin of the carbon of plants was one important step in our progress towards an intelligent and skilful culture. In the year 1813, Sir Humphrey Davy pub-lihed his Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, in a course of Lectures for the Board of Agriculture," and two years afterwards they were republished in this country. Of all hi writings, it is probably that which, if he were now living, he would regard with the least satisfaction. He might say himself that the book is little better than a humbug.

It has fallen into very great, if not entire, neglect, is seldom, itWer, referred to for either facts or principles, and contains no exhibition of what are now regarded "as the first elements of agricultural science. An intelligent. farmer who listened to these lectures must have felt that they would afford him but very slender assistance in improving his modes of culture. After they had been delivered for ten years in succession, the President and Members of the Board of Agriculture may have been right in requesting their publication: for this reason, if others were wanting, that they would be relieved from the necessity of hearing them again. If they wero once committed to the press, every one that might read them.

This book was for a good while the standard work in agricultural chemistry. During the forty years that have intervened since its publication, the right path of investigation and discovery has been ascertained? arid the people of the continent, especially the French and Germans, have pressed forward in it with more zeal and success than the chemists of Sreat Britain. the purpose of ascertaining what substances plants require in the soil where they re to take, on a vigorous growth, what they take fronr-lhe soil, the method has been adopted of analysing their ashes. In this enquiry Sprengel holds the first place, and a little remarkable is. it, that whilst his results are brought forward and exhibited as worthy of all confidence, not a word is said rfbout the man who or what he is.

His method is to take uw parts ot tne vegetable substance that is to be examined, (whether grains, or grammes, or decigrammes, or centigrammes, is not stated,) burn them and collect, and then proceed to examine the ashes. I give his numbers for Indian Corn or Maize, the grain and stalk, copied from Lolly's Rural Chemistry, pages 343-'4 Sprengel found in 100,000 parts of maize grain 1312 parts of inorganic matter, and in 100,000 parts of maize straw." (stalk and blade 3985 parts of inorganic matter, consisting of Urain. straw. Potash, 200 189 Soda, -250 4 Lime, 35 652 Magnesia, -128 236 Alumina, 16 fj Oxide of Iron, traces 4 Oxide of Manganese, 20 Silica, -434 2708 Sulphuric Acid, 17 106 Phosphoric Acid, -224 54 8 ft We have here eleven different inorganic or mineral substances entering into the composition of corn, either in the grain or in the stalk. Now, it is remarkable that the ashes of all the grains, grasses, nd)ther vegetable substances, used for the food of either men or animals, bave constitution nearly allied to the same bodies, though in proportions somewhat different.

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