The Chat from Brooklyn, New York • 40

THE SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 28, 1325 72 REBF JAMAICA BAYDEBTItJED TO BE HEVJ YOfflPS VGREATEST. 8H5B-P0RT-. pay, iron) Barren 7 sjana to I the Long Island Railroad contemplates construction of st-v piers between Barren Island and Mill Basin, 2,000 ft long and 737, After passing through the, inlet, deepened and widened at Government expense to 30. ft, by 1,500 ft, we come within the limits of the bay.

The project as adopted calls for a channel 30 ft. deep and 1,000 ft. wide. The plan City, however, contemplates the development and consolidation ot the interior Islands of the bay, and the channel of the future -will be 2,500 ft, wide; six piers, between Mill Basin and Paerdegat Basin, 1,000 to 1,500 ft. long and 300 to 400 ft, in width; eleven piers between 1 ft.

4 Paerdegat Basin and Fresh Creek Basin, 650 ft. to 1,000 ft. long and 300 to 400 ft. wide; eight piers be ft Hide around the entire swee tween Freeh Creek Basin and Spring Creek BaBln, 1,000 ft long and 400 ft wide, and five piers be of the. shore front with 30 It, ol water, widening out in front ot Rockaway Park, Belle Harbor and Neponsit to a magnificent roadstead tor ships, with a length of about tYi miles and a width of about miles at Its maximum.

The roadstead will accommodate safe an 1 i tween Spring Creek Basin and Shellbank 1,000 ft long and 400 ft wide. All slips would be from 300 to 450 ft. in width. 'The widest slip today is that at West 46th street, where the width 18360 ft. tor the accommodation of steamers with 100-ft beam.

The piers as laid out would have side wharfage chorage for at least 150 ships. Two years ago the Shipping Board anchored at this very location 112 ships. i The bed of Jamaica Bay is com posed of fine sand, tonped with about 3 to ft- of marsh mud. An ideal bottom is presented for dredg ing hydraulically at ft low cost, with nr VA tsV the desirable benefit of converting the dredged material Into useful land. In addition, there is no danger of.

Injury to vessels by fouling on hidden rocks. For connection with the rest ot FLATBUSH AJENUB EXTENSION TO BARKEN ISLAND IN 1IU the waterways arouigl the port, the ultimate development contemplates THE HENRT A. METER NAMED AFtER THE FATHER OF THE JAMAICA BAY DEVELOPMENT ot 14 miles, and with -ends and heads ot slips, a wharfage ot about 20 miles, all with 80 ft of water. The area for development under consideration from Barren Island to the Long Island Railroad crossing of Jamaica Bay would thus afford wharfage' ior ocean steamers equal to 50 per cent of the present facilities for this purpose In the entire City of New York. progressive' development fr6m the Long Island 'Railroad easterly easily provide another' 60 pet cent It Is 'thus apparent that in a virr gin territory, where the' City can plan along modern learning from the mistakes nnd shortcomings of the 'past; facilities can be provided In the future that will for all time assure to the City the port supremacy of the The potential increase of 100 perf cent in steamship facilities is based entirely on a numerical" comparison.

and construction would be Increased TO per; cent cent of Its waterfront around Manhattan Island, by calling upon the mlssloner and approved by the com the construction of an inland water conditions, however, were Imposed, among them access by land through It is obvious, therefore, that the vfays, or ship canal, to provide ory must be accompanied in its ap the extension of Flatbush avenue into the mainland of Brooklyn and the creation' of a 30-foot channel plication, with a full value of the rest of its undeveloped resources td. take up the" burden, on" a watew front rail' connectioI; with modern, (Bqulpment 'iijoinjf houses, on main channels almost di missioners ot the Sinking Fund." -Acting on this specific promise of performance, the Secretary of War, on December 22, 1921, re-established the lines from Mill BtCson to Fresh Creek Basin along the 1911 original lines. On January 1923, the property occupied. So in planning from the open sea to Mill Basin. of the Qovernment, and within the bulkhead line solid fill la permissible.

Moreover, this type will reduce' to a minimum tht expense of maintaining the open-pile structure, which in the case of wooden piles amounts to about 6 per per annum. On the outer sides ot the pier will be placed a double line of railroad tracks; directly alongside the tracks will be the transit shed, one piers in Jamaica Bay, property The the active lead costs are subordinated to the con safer, passage for barges, lighters and other small craft between Gravesend Bay and Jamaica, Bay, and between Flushing Bay and Jamaica Bayv. These two projects will place into close and sate communication the rest ot the p'ort with Jamaica Bay, It must thus be seen that, front he standpoint Ot water facilities, with a tidal range ot only rectly 'on the ocean and removed from the. coqgested Sinking Fund Commissioners approved the plan for the improve ership ot Murray Hulbert, then Commissioner of Docks, directed its energies to the fulfillment of these two conditions, realising whether struction costs, and the result is that piers can be laid out of sufficient width tor effect In the fullest measure the rapid and steady flow ment of the waterfront as submitted by the Dock Commissioner. New York City js the great mag- done by private or public funds ot freight.

APPROVED AN? PROPOSED PLANS FOR JAMAICA BAY, DEVELOPMENT that the Improvement could not be carried oa without these two ob net ot businlsav Sblps come wltli, full cargoes and out with, full cargoes. It has done- as much, as TWENTY MILES OF NEW I have said that the improve stacles removed. Federal help was F. KELLER, Chief Engl-' neer, Department, of Docki of City ot New York) Fifteen yean ago the City of New York pledged Itself to make ot -Jamaica Bay, which Is separated from the 'Atlantic Ocean by the narrow strip of land known a Rockaway Beach, and Ilea at the extreme west- erl, ends of Kings and Queens counties, Into ft great sub-port, with ample rail connections to New England on the one side and the mainland ot New Jersey on the other the latter fay the way ot a tunnel, now. under construction under the Narrows to, Staten Island, thence iuta Jersey.

So far the City of New York has acquire all of the property between Barrett Island and the Long Island railroad crossing in Queens, with the exception ot a small piece of property at Bergen Beach. The City of New' York lias completed a channel' 18 feet deep and 600 feet wide, from Mill Basin to Basin, and the city is pow dredging a channel 18 feet deep, and BOO feet wide, from Ber 60 per cent of country's tusl- necessary, To show the awakened interest ot the city, the Sinking ment' between Island and It now has a business equal the Long Island Railroad Crossing In yblume of and export Fund Commission in November, 1919. set aside S7.500.000 for thel trade the rest ot the country. With the railroad Into -Jamaica Hay tying up the very' ocean with the construction of six piers' betweal Barren Island and Mill Basin; Thpf of Jamaica Bay will provide 20 miles of 30 ft wharfage; In addition to this the tributary 'basins, Milt Basin', Paerdegat, Fresh Creek, appropriation 'was made contingent great sources of supply of the coun-V trv. Jamaica Bav in National u.

Spring Creek, Shellbank, and Haw-tree, Will provide about 19 miles of set, and its 'development one of Nai on the action of Congress at its session beginning the first Monday In December, 1919, In authorising the tional -1- wharfage 18 ft' of water0. These basins' will bring into direct construction and maintenance of ft The last essential mentioned 30-foot entrance channel 1,500 feet. connection with the Bay, thousands being fundamentally required by wide through Rockaway Inlet to Ja ot acres of land already built modern seapori Is that of highways, maica Bay, and a 80-foOt interior ana saving population In Brook The material growth of the City channel 1,000 feet -wide up to- Mill will bring Jjundreds ot streetiinto lyn and Queens ot about 500,000 to Basin. The District Engineer, Col whom these basins will be nearer gen Beach to ft point 550 feet east ot Bockaway parkway at Canarsie. onel Edward, Burr, a man ot vision and a firm believer In the logical frontage oa navigable tide-water than any other in the-City.

They city Is ftlso otiildlng an em the Jamaica' Bay flection, providing over ell-paved highways' and bridges 'Into. thi: Industrial centres ef he entire will serve this rapidly-growing and necessary growth of the waterfront by the development of Jamaica Bay, made a favorable rec jreferenoes should b-. population With facilities for reaelv ing alt sorts ot cargo', and especl made ot two Important arteries ot bankment 150 feet wide and about two miles long, as tht beginning of the future West Island, and in the building ot this embankment it Is dredging one channel 80 feet deep and BOO feet wide, from the Beach Channel on the south side ot Ja traffic that are now' under way. and lly bulldlgg material ommendation. Nothing, however, was accomplished except that the Jamaica Bay enthusiasts delighted to see that the city acted which will be of "substantial benefit The "next, fundamental essential to the 46veWpment 'bull Is that of rail facilities.

In most as If It really Intended to do some-f neaa at Mill Basin is. i. now maica Bay to the main channel on the north side of tha bay. ports it has been necessary to bring the ocean to the railroad. In Jv thing.

i completed. Flatbush "avenue New', York City appropriated JAMAICA BAT DESTINED TO BE NEW YORK'S GREATEST SUB-PORT. maica Bay we can pring the. rail In 1921 some Very definite steps $1,005,900, for dredging a channel road to the ocean. The wheels and were which served to Indi PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4.4 ft, Jamaica Bay Is worthy of When It Is considered that' piers 6r two stories in height, with the almost a straight 'llnejfroia Barren Island to the -East River; where it is carried over the Man-v hattan' bridge Into Canal street.

tne keen can meet. cate to the Government that the OF. THE SITE consideration as a modern port, space Intervening between the side of the shed and the side of the pier 30 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide, ron Barren Island to Mill Basin, the. dredged material being used In will be built ot substantiaf widths, with rail alongside the ship, with such. cargo-handling machinery The Long Island Railroad tracks spanned, with semi-portal gantry tor freight between Bay Ridge and reclaiming about ,1,000 acres of cranes of about 6-ton capacity, New England are located within city was really in earnest, In order to Impress the Government that its demand, for a 30-foot channel was actuated by a keen desire to develop Jamaica Bay, the Dock Department asked tor and obtained $750,000 for Manhatan.

Canal street In turn, leads directly; to the entrance to -the vehicular tunnels now under, construction, and will swamp lands between the main demonstrated to be necessary and economical, the ratio of increase must be considered from the turn These cranel will be spaced on the very 'short distance from Jamaica Let us examine the project physically. Will it Btand up from every angle of requirement as a modern port? It. has water facilities, At present there is a depth ot water of from 25 ft to 85 ft. between Rockaway Point and the Ambrose Channel. There exists some sand bars PIER PACIUTIB8.

The next question to be answered is whether or. not Jamaica Bay can provide a place tor the. necessary pier facilities, The pier is the connecting, link between rail and water, and in. the generic term plor channel ot the bay and Flatbusb. sides of the pier, so that tour will Bay, the very head of Mill avenue.

Tht city also made an ap Basin to the railroad: is a dis serve ft 600-tt Inside ot the transit shed and connected with propriation ot $500,000 for the con over of cargo possible. It is safe to say that with scientific planning the development ot Jamaioa Bay tance ot 10,000 teet; from -the the construction of a relnforoed concrete pile bulkhead platform, struction bl ft pier 400 feet wide feet long, at the! foot Ot head ot Paerdegat Basin to the it with mechanical appliances for the rapid transfer of 'freight, will must be the from the end ot the wooden plat along the mainland alone will pro- vide a direct motor highway' from. New Jersey to the Jamaica Bay Improvement. At the easterly the Cross Say boulevard Is under construction, and this will Jbsj united by means of the Woodhaven into tho, Queens railroad Is a distance ot 3,300 teet, wharfage face for Vessels, the tran Rockaway xarkway. Canarsie.

The form, built, in' 1915, be built warehouses for the collec Tide 200 per oent ot the present! and from the head ot Fresh Creek sit shed with Its co-ordinated ware city has also buflt Flatbush avenue, southerly and along the easterly side tion, storage and handling ot grain, steamship facilities. with about 8 to 10 ft ot water These shoals are easily re-' movable. The Government, as part of Its share ot the co-operative agreement, will build a jetty that will make li possible to maintain Basin tq the railroad is a distance floury sugar and all staple products. houses and industrial buildings. The City ot New York has a di ot 1,800 feet At Hawtree Creek, froni AwnueTT to Rockawa Inlet at Barren Island, and made appropriations for establishing a ferry of Flatbush avenue, of 2,200 feet, making the entire wharfage length now available with 18 feet of water A duplication ot this layout the other side of tne pier completes the the Rockaway Division of tia Long service from the foot of Flatbusb alongside of 3,600 feet The con boulevard, to be widened to 200 teet.

This will afford a motor Upper and Queens to Jamaica Bay. tne entrance cnannei. There, Is a layout i isuna railroad crosses the bay and crosses line of the proposed The general thought of pier development Is the consideration ot filled-ln piers. This, is made possible by the "fact that in no case will the piers be less, than 300 ft. or more In width by the construc rect length ot waterfront ot 57S miles, and there are available for purposes' ot commerce 406 piers with about 81 miles ot wharfage continuous movement of sand along WATERFRONT VALUES development.

I Never in its history bas the City the ocean ot Rockaway. The construction of the east Jetty, at a Jamaica Ray bas all of the esaen-1 tract also provided for the straightening out ot the winding channel leading from the main channel of Jamaica Bay to Mill Basin. The extension of Flatbush avenue has It, will be relatively cheap to en the sides ot piers. This length does not Include the ends ot piers had the opportunity to plan in a big way as is now possible In- Jamaioa cost estimated by the Government bring Into the entire water-front tlals of a modern Seaport L. It take care of the business of the tion or side retaining walls andjlll- around the bay the necessary belt Bay.

Theorists have down port tor all time. The work of de been held to be the gateway to Ja railroad, connecting -with the Long academic rules tor the width- veloping will, of nepessltyi be car maica Island Railroads All- of the terri piers, but It is not always pjsslbje i avenue and Barren Island to the Jacob Rils Park in Rookaway. MAQNITTJDH OP THE PROJECT FoT the partial deevlopment only of famalca Bay the City of New Yorl adopted a plan that will, eventually cost at least, and 1 for the construction of; the necessary channels the Federal Government has indicated as Its cost'about and, in addition; the State of New York, has ceded to the City ot New York 16,000 acres of land under fater Jamaica Bay, from its first study In 1921 the- question of an under tory, between the railroad and the to apply the theories to the City of bay Is low level ground, ideally New, York on account of thf fatt standing the city and the Federal Government was still In ried ever a long period ot time, on account ot its magnitude, but it be- hooves at present to think the future. "Wo" must- Jay down' a complete original plan and 'build suited, with little cost; tor the con that, realty values are so hlga that the space occupied is an important structlon of the connecting tracks, abeyance. The city had requested the restoration ot the pierhead and bulkhead lines to the lines as es element 'In the determination of TUNNEL CONNECTION, WITH 1J enough In advance of the demands rentals to be paid, Land Under wt STATEN ISLAND AND NEW JERSEY of the times, as indicated by the ter on the North River la past growth of the Clty, that about per acre, and about By Chapter 700 of the laws.

of tablished In 1911. On October 7, 1921, after a conference between the District Engineer, the Dock Commissioner and the Comptroller, the commissioners of the Sinking Fund 1921, the. City ot New York Was directed to begin the construction of aud Investigation, bas always been looked upon as an ideal location where industries could be served by both" rail and water transportation, fiip.vw per acre on me Jtuver A pier $0 ft wide and 1,000 ft long on the North River, ltli jaJOO-ft slip on 'both sides; would Oupy a will be possible to capture the trade when it seeks the port '8' Jamaica Bay Is worthy ot development 'aa a modern seaport. The Government, the State and the City a railroad tunnel imder New. York passed a resolution to the effect that Bay between the Borough of Rich wi 1 the, the rapl If the War Department will ap mono- and Brooklyn within two transit system in the past decade water 1 area of 186,000 about 6H 'acres'wlth 'a Value prove the restoration ot the pier have recognized this.

The commerce years after the passage' of the Act s.nd every promise ot its more won- head and bulkhead lines in Jamaica $1,626,000 for land ilone, The plor 1 The Bill became law on May 28, and one-story shed would cost Bay to the lines jof 1911, the com-missloners of the Sinking Fund detfttl growth. In the future, the bhor'Mine of the bay and the borders' of the commodious tributary 1921, and In accordance 'with' its previsions construction had to be hi ef the future will select the' trade route that is cheapest, quickest and most profitable. The City must build wisely and, welWamaica Bay offers the l-( $400,000, or only 30 per cent of the total cost The land then is the within 90 days thereafter, adopt' a plan tor the Improvement basios iill be In, close proximity determining factor. Lend is so vat commenced before May 23, 1923 When this tunnel is operated It will, 4 with the vast labor supply of and Queens. uable that for an Increase of 15 per with the connections as mentioned cent in the total cost of Ira In 1919, Interest in the develop' tncnl of Jamaica Bay, which had re provement, two-story shed can be built, giving twioe'the area for an before, provide tor all-rail delivery from each of the trunk railroads directly into.

Jamaica, Bay, with Its mained dormant tor nearly ten Increase ot II per cent in the cost of the waterfront between Barren Island irf the Borough of Brooklyn and the. Long Island railroad crossing of Jamaica Bay in the Borough ot Queens; within the same period the commissioners of the Sinking Fan A will authorise the institution ot proceedings, to acquire all the privately owned land and land under water between Barren Island years, was revived by an offer of a tremendous Industrial and commer In Jamaica Say, with, ft value of water area bt $7,600 per acre, pier THE RIBGELMANN PtOWINO THROUGH WATERS OF JAMAICA BAT LIKE A THING OF UFl western capitalist to build bulk' heads, piers, warehouses, of about $2,000,000, will catch this and the bulkheads between piers. ot the same type ot construction at his; ow? expense under nn Tubtt Operate Th efTeetlve op ration of any vacuum tub In -not revalued by Mi brilliancy ot the filament, A a main -ter oC fact, one should nevar use th brilliancy of tha nlatmnt i en- In- -Slca-tor (hat tha tnba la worMns; properly. Modern vacuum tube havt a 'coating placed vor tha which sreatljr Increases the aloctron amlaalon. Tha filament meraly sarvet aa a heaUr snerate 4he enilaalon of.

alaetron.r One win find that will: tubes, usaintc the coated filament th Ufa of tha tubca la n6t (ovornad bv tha filament burning out, but by tht loaa or deterioration of tha coating on the filament. When this Mppona tha tithes will remain lit, but: no alirnala will ba hrard, Kanmia City Star. ing the core, The wider the pier the cheaper will be the cost per square foot as in all cases the side and ot the same dimensions would Rgrnement whereby the city would cost $48,750 for the Wator area and loasa, to him ,800 acres' of land be' walk, work wilt be the This clal waterfront, and will stimulate the building-up of vast; areas now undeveloped. It wil reduce causes of serious congestion' In Manhattan along Its yalueable it will complete the list of essentials for a modern seaport! and it T'tll enable the City Jo rAIIete" the "pressure on the 7 per and the cross-bay boulevard, or the Long Island Railway bridge, neces $400,000 lor construction. The con Barren Island and Mill Basin westerly drift and cause tne kock-aways to build Up on the ocean side, and with the scouring action ot the waters 'of the bay, I believe the maintenance ot the entrance channel will be a comparatively easy matter.

Overseas steamships and Coastwise steamers1 that would demand So It. ot water, tise 142 of the present piers, with side wharfage' of abbut 40 miles, or about 60 per cent 6f the total wharfage available. The mainland development ot Js- type ot construction Is authorized structlon in this case would be for a terra of fifty yeara, a'ter which sary tor the development ot this wa by, the Federal authorities because llie fcity would obtain possession of torfront in accordance with the bout 90 per cent ot the cost for one-story shedded pier, and with the line chosen by the City as the pierhead line Is the bulkhead line the 'ottre loinrovemont. Certain plans submitted by the Hock Com (wo story shed the cost of the laud.