The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 6

THE BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE. NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JULY "18, 1925. Ml IT'S A LIVELY BALL THIS YEAR extradite Mr. Canaday for kidnap, lug In that State, but failed. The legal point as to a mother's rights Is more vania is a party to this dispute.

It insists on collecting a production tax which, of course, is passed along to its neighbors. Governor Pinchot in the role of a mediator two years ago was not. impressive. It should serve A instead a well-directed development that might create in Queens a model borough there are springing up in haphazard fashion separate little communities whose existence is due to the fact that they are on a rail-rdad or a transit line! Queens Is growing fast enough too fast, If the truth be told, for the kind of development that is taking place there is sure to create new problems' instead of helping to solve the larger problems of congestion nnd transportation that are yearly becoming more acute in the entire metropolitan area. grooHsn Pails aglt ioundeil by laaae Van Andfn in i 41-1 (Trade Hark "Cxgle" Itejnal.

re4 SATURDAY EVBNINO, JULY 18, fcnterea at the Brooklyn Poatofrlc us See nil Class Mail Matter. THE ASSOCIATED PRESS NEWS. Th Associated Press ts exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited in this paper, and alio the local news of spontaneous origin pub. lished herein. All rights of republication of special dispatches htrein are also reserved.

This paper has a circulation Larger than that df any other Evening paper of its Class In the United States. Its value as a.t Advertising Medium is Apparent. Herbert F. Gunnison, Prpsldent. Raymond M.

Gunnison. Vice President. William Van Anden Hester. Secretary. Harris M.

Crist, Treasurer. MAIN OFFICE, Eagle Building. Washington and John-ton streets. Telephone 620 Main. SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

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or Frl 1.50 75 la 4 Foreign Rates Postpaid. Dally and Sunday 14.00 $2.50 5 Sunday only 8.00 6-00 85 Si Monday 3. 00 150 IS 8 Eagle Library. 1 Tear, Library, except Almanac. $1.75.

1 Tear, 1925 Eagle Almanac included. $3 00. i ss .1, The Terrible Turnovei By WILLIAM McANDREW A Superintendent of Schools, Chicago. interesting than auy domestic disagreements. Watching a dry fleet chasing fleet rum ships off Swampscott is as close as President Coolidge can get to the arena sports of the Roman erupt rors.

The tameness of modernity is apparent. A thousand-bea neuro-psychiatric hospital under Washington control with 550 acres of land need not disturb the nerves of nearby Northport. No doubt it will be satisfactorily fenced in by the Government. It cost 100,000,000 to conquer tho Boers when pounds were $4.85 in our money: How many francs at 7 cents upiece will it cost to conquer the That's a problem in higher mathematics well worth solving, and Paris has the finest arithmeticians in the world to tackle it, but they arc not in the Chamber of Deputies. OURSELVES as seen by others Ventilation for Tunnel Might Be Applied to Streets.

BostoB Transcript ENGINEERS have developed a "system of ventilation for the new vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River, in York City, which, when installed, will blow out of the tunnel the dealy carbon monoxide gas generated by the 40,000 motor cars that dally pass through It; and having blown out the bad air, will blow the good air In. This re sult is to be achieved by means of two seven-foot airways extending parallel with the roadway, one above the roadway and the other beneath it. Through these airways, which will communicate with the main tunnel, winds will be forced that will blow at the rate of 75 miles an hour one current flowing in one direc tion and th9 other flowing in the other direction. Thus the system a triumph of human science will follow the example of the honey-bees, who ventilate and cool their hives by means of the fanning operation of two columns of bees one column headll in one direction and with their wings blowing the fresh air into the hive, and the other headed the other way and blowing the bad air out. As we learn from the birds how to fly, so we learn from the bees how to supply the fetid interior spaces of our thickly hived hu manity with pure air.

No one doubts that the ventilating system devised by the engineers at New York will be efficacious. Science is not to be balked of its triumphs except possibly in the public schools of Tennessee. But may it be asked whether a similar system of ventilation may not be applied, some day. in the streets of our crowded cities? Montana Agrees Sentences Here Are SlUl Too Light. Anaconda Standard.

ANOTHER New York Judge has been heard from on the preva lence of crime. He ascribes as one reason the prevalence of too many lawyers in the average State Legis lature. In sentencing two men convicted of holding up a restaurant at a revolver's point. Judge Rosalsky declared that "as long as we have lawyers In the Legislature who prac tice in the criminal courts it will be useless to apply for increased pen alties for these crimes." In 1021 Judge Rosalsky went to Albany to advocate an amendment making the penalty for robbery and burglary in the first degree Ufa Imprisonment. I found that the membership of the code committee was made up principally of lawyers who practiced In the criminal courts," says.

Of course, the proposed amendments were killed." Nevertheless and notwithstanding, there are New Yorkers who have not abandoned hope. The New York Board of Trade and Transportation has started a movement to induce the Legislature to fix life imprisonment as the penalty in the case of all persons convicted of conducting a robbery or holdup while armed. The president of the board that declares that "the citizens of New York must rise in this crisis and lend their full support for their own protection and the preservation of their property. Between the elaborate and long-continued legal projection for the criminal and the abbreviated punishment, America, and particularly New York, is presenting to the world the amazing scandal of a people who do not sufficiently protect their citizens," Possibly such a movement on the part of the business men will meet with greater favor at the hands of the Legislature that has been accorded to members of the legal profession. As Judge Rosalsky sees It, It's a case of too many criminal lawyers spoiling the criminal laws.

Off Barnegat, Perhaps. Boston Trflnucrfpt. Rum rows off Boston and Vow York are reported dispersed. There seem to be still a few unguarded points, however. Rliodo Island.

Home of Itinerant Senators, Says Thus: Providence Journal. THE New York Court of Appeals will have a peculiar problem of constitutional construction on Its hands when $iie decision of the Ap pellate DlviHlon of the Supreme Court nullifying the latest amendment to the State Constitution goes up for final Judgment, It authorized the Legislature to grant to munici palities a very large measure of "home rule." And Inasmuch as a statute has been erected on a supposedly firm constitutional foundation, and pllod up on the stulute are seventeen ordinances of the city of New York perhaps, too. some In other cities the undnlmous decision of the Appellate Division threatens such a collapse of law, State nnd as a solemn warning to the dispu tants that if their own State govern ment cannot keep the situation under ontrol the Nation will insist that the Federal Government find a way to do it. The primary consideration in this fight is not more wages for the men or more profits for the operators or tax for Pennsylvania. It is the dependency of millions upon Pennsyl vania for nn uninterrupted supply of fuel.

Let the men and operators bear that in mind. JUSTICE FAILS IN FLORIDA. Convicted once of second degree murder in fatally Hogging a young white man from the North, who had been arrested on a trivial charge and sent as slave to a lumber camp In Dixie- County, Florida, the "whipping boss" Higginbotbam escapes. A court presided over by a Judgu of a county in which It is proven that botu judges and sheriffs got money from the lumber company for every accused -person they could put in its clutches acquits the man. The first trial was in another county, where locul corruption was not dominant.

A new trial was granted on the theory that "a change venue was unnecessary." This particular peonage ease is of interest because so far as the records show it is the only one in which one of our States as a State has demanded the avenging of a torture-murder of one of Its citizens in another State. Young Martin Tabert, the victim of tho lash, was the son of a North Dakota farmer. Resolutions adopted by the Legislature of North Dakota forced the attention of the world on Florida's leased slaves prison system. That hundreds of colored men in Florida were being made slaves on trumped-up charges to fill the pockets of judges was not an Interstate issue. It is fair to Florida, which is now priding herself on her progresslve-iiess and her land values, to say that the Legislature of that State has enacted a law abolishing the leasing of prisoners, and abolishing the use of the lash in prison camps.

The good faith with which this law will be carried out is a trifle doubtful in view of the egeape of Higginbotham, which is to be regretted more by intelligent Floridians than by frorth-ernerg. It is Florida that is disgraced by any miscarriage of justice under the judicial system that insists on having a criminal tried where his friends control the processes of justice. THROWING A BOROUGH TOGETHER. It Is easy to understand why the new census figures for the Borough of Queens are below expectations. The increase in population is out of proportion to the hew building.

Much of the building activities so apparent arc not yet finished und a large part of the construction during the past five years has been of small one nnd two-family houses. In short, the bor ough has grown much faster than the building. Yet the- figures re astonishing. They show an increase of 245,450 in five years! The total population Is now 7.14,300. Borough officials placed the total around 000,000 some said a million.

They need not be seriously concerned. Queens will have a million people in her borders long before the community Is ready to receive them. As a matter of fact the quarter of a million who have gone to Queens in the past five years have, for the most part, had to face conditions suggesting those of pioneer days. Few communities of such size have ever been thrown together with the speed that has characterized the recent development of Queens. It is not all of one kind and there are certain sections where the highest class of building is going on, with well-laid streets nnd all that goes with an ordered and permanent settlement, but in other sections the construction suggests nothing so much as the hasty barracks building during the war.

There nrc literally miles of frame houses in Queens where, because of narrow, unpaved streets, the lack, of space between the houses and the Inflammable nature of the construction, there is a grave fire hazard. But this Is only one aspect of Queens development. Queens should not be considered as a separate community. It is one of New York's greatest assets. With the rounding out of Brooklyn's iKiunduries, Queens represents New York's last hope In the matter of taking care of the coming millions and solving the problems of congestion.

Yet, so far. Queens has been regarded as an outlying sir-tion of little or no Importance to the city as a whole. Jhe story of Queens is (old in the district figures. Jamaica shows an Inrrense of 30,000 in five yours, and flic Fourth Assembly District, of whici Jamaica Is a purt. an increase of The Rockawaya and Hain-mels have increased Long Island City ami Ast irla show an in-i ase of and the Second District, which includes Elmhurst, Corona and Forest Hills, This means simply that where there are transit facilities grent communities are springing up like mushrooms.

But this Is not real community building. What Queens needs Is 'transit, plus intelligent city planning. All Its motorways are now choked; vast areas, much of it miles nearer Manhattan than Jamaica, remain undeveloped because of lack of transit. At a (line when land for parks can be acquired al a cheap prii-e (he question of parks for the future is being' Ignored. And MARY SANDSTED IG0E.

The death of Mary Sandsted Igoe will be a cause of grief to many outside of ber associates in this office. A very large number of Brooklyn people came to know her through ber work and to admire and esteem her because of her engaging personality. Before she assumed editorial responsibilities here she was in charge of The Eagle's Paris Bureau and In that relationship she was an earnest ami indefatigable miuistrant American soldiers in need. Her efforts in that direction jvere generously recognized not only by those who became the beneficiaries of her care but also by the French Government, which awarded her a decoration. She was easily a foremost (igure among the many volunteer and unofficial agencies which supple mented the war efforts of the United States Government.

Mrs. Igoe was a capable writer and equipped with the executive ability and sound judgment which an ed itorial position demand" She earned the respect of all who camo into contact with her in the daily discharge of her duties. But beyond her quali ties of mind was her great personal charm and her desire to help others, characteristics which aroused affection for her and 'which deepen the sense of loss among her friends and associates. BEACH POLLUTION AND THE CITY. Nearly twenty years ago a survey of floating garbage was made by Dr.

George A. Soper, president of the Metropolitan Sewerage Cora-mission of New York. After exhaustive tests, including a study of currents, the shoreward progress of Boating debris under a mild wind and an examination of garbage piled up on harbor beaches. It was recommended that the city's waste should' be disposed of at least 100 miles out to sea from an imaginary line drawn from Rockaway Point to Sandy Hook. The city now goes twenty miles out.

Tho beaches are littered ith refuse. The only deduction possible is that the charges of Governor Silzer that our garbage is befoul, leg New Jersey's beaches is true. Even our own beaches, within the landlocked reaches of the port, arc not immune to the nuisance. That Mayor Hylan should have disregarded the survey report Is not remarkable. There is nothing to Indicate that his predecessors observed it with proper action.

Still, because a condition was wrong before he came into office is no reason why he should not try to remedy It. His plea that garbage is thrown overboard by incoming liners may be true, but the effect of any pollution from this source could only be a mere flea bite. The facts are that garbage is carried by the tide up on our beaches; thatvhen the beaches are cleaf for a -while It is a sure sign that a moderate blow will soon litter them worse than ever; that a commission appointed to examine conditions of Nature, which have not changed in twenty years, found that the garbage should be dumped 100 miles out; that the garbage is instead dumped twenty miles out. The only final solution, of course, is efficient incinerators. They cannot be Installed over night.

The best temporary plan is oceangoing garbage boats able to' dump beyond the reach of currents likely to befoul our shores. The Mayor need not fear the city will complain if he spends a little more money to' Insure clenu beaches not only for our neighbors but also for ourselves. The pity of (he pollullon problem Is that there It always plenty of complaint, never any effective action. The Mayor has an opportunity to bring a great relief at little cost and at little effort. Why doesn't he embrace it! Every balanced budget In Europe is a study in unstable equilibrium.

Relative permanence depends on the skill of the slelght-of-hand fellows who call themselves statesmen. Our special tariff law commissioning trying to cross-question bold Britons on their costs of production, get into House of Commons discussion. A better Illustration of Inter, national Impertinence is unimaginable. Speaking of that projected alll once, our guess is (hat the Citizens Union has more confidence In Tani many than Tammany will ever have In the Citizens Union. It is achieve nient (hat breeds confidence, always and everywhere.

The merit system wins again In the Court of Appeals. Attorney Gen etal Ottlngcr must have Civil Service eligible as deputies or none at all Legislation which defies (he Slat; Constitution cannot be condoned by an honest Judiciary. Mrs. Canaday of Texas, Indicted In New York for kidnaping her son, will have a chance (o tes( her theory (hat she has eqiinl rights with the legal bead of the family. Texas tried to TENNESSEE CLOSES ITS CASE.

There will be more oratory tu the Scopes rfial. Mr. Durrow will pour out his mingled satire and invective, Sir. Bryan will fulminate, denouncing the humble efforts of Science to arrive at tho truth; Attorney General Stewart will assert the right of his sovereign State to teach that the moon is made of green cheese if the Legislature and the Governor so de cree, and Mr. Malone may utter a few thousand words.

But for all practical purposes the trial of Scopes is finished. Judge Raulston rules that the testimony of scientists is inadmissible because the issue is not the truth or falsity of evolution but only whether young Mr. Scopes taught or attempted to teach evolution defiance of a State law which decrees that it shall not be taught in any Institution supported wholly or in part by public money. The defense in this trial admits that Scopes violated the law, but pleads truth rfis a and nssails the law itself as a denial of established scientific facts and, therefore, as a denial of the truth. Judge Itaulston'a decision strangles this plea, prevents the submission of testimony sustaining It and leaves to the jury only the formality of findlrg Scopes guilty on his own admission.

Scopes will then incur whatever pen-i It the Court may impose, and his counsel will be called upon to exert their Ingenuity to find a way to carry appeal beyond the confines of (State jurisdiction. It a State can decree that evolution i-hall not be taught in its schools and colleges It can also decree that geology or asfronojny or any other form of sefencp shall not be taught. It can shackle human intelligence in any way or in any degree that may M-ein pleasing to its legislators and itr executive. It may set up a religious test In the guise of an educational formula. It is true that the Supreme Court, in nullifying the Oregon School Law, set a limit upon State authority, but that decision was i.ot intended to restrict a State In regard to what may be (aught In Its own institutions, but only to prevent It from invading the rights of indi viduals to have their children taught In private schools, If they so desire.

If the validity of the Tennessee law be sustained on appeal, Tennes- icans who desire to hnve their chil dren taught on modern and selentltlc lines must have recourse to private tcbools within their own Slate or tend them to schools In other States, Tennessee, having ordained through its Legislature that the Biblical story of creation must be accepted literal ly and that science is false, may also decree, if It sees fit, that the earth is flat and that It doesn't revolve about the sun, as the persecutors of Galileo insisted. The distinction of Tennessee Is unapproachable by any ther supposedly civilized State or toinmuiilty anywhere In the world WE MUST HAVE COAL. The anxiety of the Federal Government over the coal situation is veil founded. Two years ago. when a coal strike actually occurred, all that the President wan able to do was 1o appoint a fact-finding commission which made a report.

The warriu factions of the Industry' went abiu their negotiations. much (he influence of the commission made it self felt Is speculative. The trutl was that the control of the Fedora Government over a virtual Pennsvl vauia monopoly amounted to a little more than nothing net. The operators and the miners know it. That is why they continue their leisurely discussion of the wage scale while precious time speeds by toward Ihe expiration of the contract.

President Coolidge In hN message to Congress, after the strike of two Jems ago. made it plain he viewed with alarm the cimvt ui iomi I Inability of the anthracite industry to ret tranquil. The public duos not cure whether the remedy for Its coal troubles shall be applied by the Gov-eminent or by the Jirflustry Itself. But while flic operators talk about hard coal being on a coniietitlve basis with other fuels and no longer ii strict necessity, and the miners con tinue to spin wilil dreams about wages which the public eveutua 11 them, a cure from those III I loved In the Industry would seem 10 Impossible. At the sniue time Mdtaclo of one State holding till III (tie Northeast In the mutter of win ller furl is a travesty on democratic ii -rumour.

The Stale government of I'cuii ov Jl av of the best men go into teaching? A prominent periodical is offering liberal prizes for essays on the subject. There's no riddle for a sphynx here. The worthwhile man who wants to give his fellows the great-' est service of which he Is capable must have a reasonable assurance that his service will be regarded ag worth continuing. Jf he goes to work lor an ordinary firm, or even for a private school, he knows from the record of thousands of cases that ha can make himself practically Indispensable to the owner. If he examines Into the regard for teachers In an ordinary unprotected school system most of them are unprotected he sees that no one Is regarded as Indispensable.

On the contrary the sound of teachers dropping from their positions makes, from the middle of May to the last of June, a continuous patter from Maine to New Mexico. It takes time; It costs money, to train a teacher. There must be assurance to the worker submitting to the hard work essential to learning this business that It is worth while. Stabilize the public schools! Make their service high class; lure high class workers Into the service, and then protect them. ONE CONTRACT (Charleston New and Courier.) AYOUNO woman applying for a position as school teacher In North Carolina Is reported to hav been compelled to sign a contract containing these items: "I further agree that I will take a vital Interest In church and Sunday school work and other community activities.

I will not attend sorry moving picture shows. I will not fall in love. I will do nothing to cause right-thinking people to speak disparagingly of me or my work." This Is one of the biggest contracts ever signed by a mortal. Contracting not to fail In love is a large order in Itself. Agreeing stay away from the movies is humanly possible, not to say easy.

But consider what It means to bind one's self to "take a vital Interest" In all community activities. Would the school teacher so contracting be relieved of her Job If she refused to contribute to the Newsboys Christian dinner, th-j Jumbo Club picnic and the Minstrel Show of the Rhode Island Red Hen Society? She might be. The Tiger Likes Lamb (It Is commonly reported that If drops Hylan the Cltlsens Union will support any good man it may nominal for Mayor. News, The Citizens Union commanders, Not Caesars and not Alexanders, Ho reporters are told, Kink all prejudice old. And no longer are Tammany-brand era.

A limerick stirs our reflection On any lamb-tiger connection; Let us quote it for Cits Junt to sharpen their wits As concerns this approaching election. "A smiling young lady of Nlner, Rode out on the back of a Tiger; They came back from the ride With the lady Inside, And the smile on the fuce of th Tiger." J. A. terest themselves in talk of the baseball diamond. Indeed not.

You must listen to their disparaging pronouncements on the "funny stuff" that the Supreme Court has "pulled" or may pull. A chance encounter with the milkman does not pass off serenely with an Interchange of un-pleasantries about the weather. This thoughtful fellow has been storing up some fine phrases about "week-kneed modernists" and he won't let you escape until you have heard him out. In the public conveyances it is solemnly the same. You may think as you like about the recent Judicial excitements, but ou cannot doubt that they have at least been first aid to conversation.

Making the St. Lawrence Deeper (Rochester Tlmea-Unlon. AN ARRAY of Mid-Western States so powerful that it has com manded the sunnirt nf thA ehlAf v. ecutlves of the National Government has been agitating steadily for making the St. Lawrence waterway to the sea deep enough for vessels drawing 24 feet, or possibly even more.

This State's official attitude has so far been one of opposition to t.he St. Lawrence plan, with New York and Buffalo strongly opposed and the southern tier counties Inclined to follow their lead. In New England there has been a good deal of interest In the power development Incident to any comprehensive St. Lawrence development, coal being expensive In New England on account of the ong railroad haul, In Rochester and vicinity there has been interest expressed In the plan as affording an outlet for shipment of fruit aid other produce to Europe and as opening up a prospect for much greater development of the business of the, Port of Rochester. In response to an iuqulry from the Federal Government, which is cooperating with Canada in investigating the engineering and commercial aspects of the St.

Lawrence waterway, the Rochester Chamber of Commerce, through the appropriate committee, has indicated a preference for the Oswego route, through Oneida Lake and the canalized Mohawk IUver, if a ship canal is to be built. Prior to the construction of the Baj-ge Canal the engineers Investl- gated the Oswego route. They reported that It wus a barge and not a ship canal Congress has provided funds for deepening the Hudson River as far as Albany. Shipper, of the Albany district hope to see large vessels come up that river. The Barge Canal uses the canalized channel of the Mohuwk River for a considerable dlstajice.

Possibly the time Is ap-proachlng when ship canal from Oswego to the Hudson would be Uractlcahle. Yet the objection urged against the St. Lawrence route of relatively slow transit for ocean-going vessels through the 36 miles Of canal and the narrower portions of the river channel would apply with much greater force to the Oswego route. It is doubtful If even the big lake freighters could operate profitably over that route. By reporting In favor of the Os wego route the Jtochester Chamber of Commerce c'ppears politely to have sidestepped the ship canul question.

No Place Like Homes (Bouton Transcript. John D. Rockefeller Jr. has recently purchased four residences. When you corns lo think about it, there's no place like four homes.

nessed. That Legislature, It seems, mindful of the constitutional change, drafted the submitting resolution to But the court Indicates that this Irregular performance was enough to Invalidate the procedure It "deprived the resolution of all vitality," confirmation by a succeeding Legislature became necessary before submission. The major finding, however, is that what was submitted and voted on by the people was an amendment to an article that In effect had ceased to exist. Happiness. Burlington.

Tree Press. Tammany is hugging the fond delusion that Mayor Hylan is breaking away from William Randolph Hearst, in order to secure the Tiger's support for another term In the mayoralty of gay Gotham. How happy could Hylan be with either Hearst or the Tiger, "were t'other dear charmer away." Our High Finance Makes City of Angels Admire and Warn. Los Angelea Timet, NEW YORK CITY bought a pig for $20 and put it in the Central Park zoo. A -census, of animals, taken a month later, revealed the presence of "one sow and eleven pigs." The pigs have been sold for $5 each, yielding 55 on a 120 investment, and the income was produced within thirty days.

To an outsider it looks as if the municipal ity were engaged in a profiteering enterprise. But an Investor had bet ter not put too much faith In the multiplicity of pigs. Growing ham and bacon is something- more than a problem in arithmetic. Comprehensive. ri -nUvllu rAurfur-Journal.

1 A new York philanthropist has endowed a course of study in war profiteering. From the sutlers with Caesar' legions to the shoddy experts of the War Between the States, it's a subject that embraces all history. Tammany Not So Strong In the Nation. After All. (Bridgeport Telegram.

SPEAKING of Tammany Hall, candidates for the White House, none openly supported by that organization has ever reached the great goal. Orover Cleveland, hated by he Hull and Us leaders and loved by other Democrats, as Genersl. Bragg of Wisconsin once because "he had made the Hall his enemy, won both times despite open opposition to the domination and secret effort to defeat in the campaign. Wood-row Wilson, too, found no favor In the Hall. As a matter of political record it would be hard to find a Democrat aspirant for the Prest-dency who even won a nomination with any aid from Tammany.

CONVERSATION: 1923 STYLE St. Paul Dispatch.) THE story of the young woman who broke the oppressive silence between herself and -her dinner partner with the startling demand: "And what do you believe about the future life 7" has always seemed unique. But fact hna made this fiction seem a pallid frivolity. The latest modes In conversation have become ever so much more amazing. It is a mistake to think that you can get through an evening with a pleasant Ingenue by offering knowing compients on Corlnne Griffith's latest moving picture.

Not at all. It. Is more than likely that she will turn upon you with a demand to know what is your opinion about "antl-evolutlon legislation." Nor Is (he new shrewdness limited to polite conversation. The bootblacks In our barber shops no longer In How do you account for the fact that while railroads, banks, and industrial concerns are encouraging by stock shares and other devices persistence of their employees, the number of school boards opposing a permanent employment for teachers is In the majority? This was one of the vital questions taken up by the National Education Association in its big meeting at Indianapolis. The commonwealth in which the convention was held, Indiana, attempted through legislative action, this year to provide tenure of position for public school employees but without success.

Its neighboring State, Ohlp, is notoriously unable to secure steady employment for teachers. Illinois Is weak in such provision. What is the reason? What is the cure? Teaching is public service and therefore political. The democratic Idea of rotation in office suffuses the ordinary school board and cheapens the educational service. "The right to hire and fire" appeals to the cheap love of power which curses republican government.

It outweighs, If it does not prevent, consideration of the fact that frequent changing of workers in so essentially a continuous and steady a process as education, is the cause of enormous waste. The short-term contract system, with Its facility for dropping teachers on rumor or on personal prejudice, is one of the most potent preventives of preparation for the service. Who Is going to Undergo the expense of time and money to prepare as if for a life work, when he knows that tho gossip of busy-bodies or the dislike manifested by a prominent citizen, or of a board member's wife, is going to terminate employment In ono short year? At Indianapolis there met a committee of 100 on tenure. Fred Hunter, superintendent of schools, Oakland, California, the chairman, read the report. It insisted upon a nation-wide campaign to insure tho children In the schools the kind of cpnttnuous, loyal'service which managers of cpinmerclal concerns are getting in their organizations.

He urged as a slogan for the For the children of America. No problem before the country," said Hunter, "is more charged with pro gressive patriotic value tAan making the service in the public schools attract the competent talent of the nation. The present annual turnover varies at from to percent per annum. Political Influence Is trfc curse of the schools. The boss wants power.

He holds the club of dismissal over efficient and Ineftlcittrit alike. The competent has no encouragement. Appointment and re tention of teachers In most of Amer- can cities Ii bulwark of the rvll system of spoils and party tyranny. professional growth under It Is ro-turded. New York, New Jersey, Maryland and California, where tenure Is In force, are building a profession of teaching fo which It Is an honor to belong.

Our calling. In most communities, has not the security of the common workman. We tire playing with education, not tak ing It seriously. We have been boasting of our superiority over tho nations of the Old World. There are ten European countries In which tha percentage of Illiteracy less than In ours.

In every one the teacher is assured of continuous employment from year to year unless proved Incompetent or otherwise unfit." mn whn think nn nnhll I 'problems are unking why don't moro as has possibly never been wit- I.