St. Louis Globe-Democrat from St. Louis, Missouri • 17

St 5Tobt-3cilIcitrat, niorilittg pttembtr 2.9.,'1033 3C I I There a Colonial Apothecary Would Feel at Home "f- 7- 7 1 7 1 Borah Entry Causes Silence on Part of Independent Allies alises Part of it liBorahEr 1 Acute Interest in Early Drug-Making by Carl F. G. Meyer and Stanley B. Simpson Has Resulted in the Collection of One of the Largest Displays of Mortars, the Pharmacist's Mixing Pot, Known to Exist. Of Great Diversity of Size and Shape, They Tell a Story of 150 Years of Human Ailments.

Lareat iiiversity ot Size and Shape, I hey 1 ell a Story 150 Years ory ears Human Ailments. Idaho Senator Neve; Bolted His Oa ty to II ow Another. His Party to Follow Another. 1 I 1 I Development of New Cropping Systems, A Recommended by College, Designed -for 'Long Period of Years. Deve I 7' for Long Period of Years.

1, I e. The Mortar at Left Was Found Among Indians Many Years Ago. The Center One Came From Holland, and the One at Right Was Found in Ste. Genevieve. Globe-Democrat Staff PhotO.

CC Some of the Mortars and Pestles. in Me Meyer Collection of Mori Than 75 Pieces; which Date Back Through the Generations to a Period About 250 Years Ago. From Many Countries, They Are of Many Makes. On One of the Shelves at Right Is an Early Apothecary Scale. Globe-Democrat -Stott Photo.

IP The Mortar in Me Center Was Used by Christian F. G. Meyer, Founder of Meyer Brothers Drug Company, wizen He Started His Retail Store at Fort Wayne, in 1852. The Other Two, Considered Quite Old, Came From Nantucket and Are of Handsome Workmqnship. Globe-Democrat Staff Pilot.

is-, ,,3:,: 1 i .0.,:,,:,,,,,,: 't awe -1 -3. I i -4: ow 1.0, 4., 1 1 1 -7i' zA.ii,1 1444 .72,::: A 1 .43...,, .:4 -71 4 :3,, -7. -04. 4, f000 ,,,1 r-i 4- iv. ,,,,1 i i' 't 5 'Y V4 Flr It1 3i ti.i.,,,,,,,i,-.:,-,333,,,,,4,333&-,,:.,..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...:;., -1r-1.

:5, II, ---I i is, ,..0. I 4:, .11111 1. 1 l'-': Mortar at Left Was Found Among 1 1 dians Many Years Ago. The Center or, One Came From Holland; and the One at The Mortar the Center Was Used by ......11., Right Was Found in Ste. Genevieve.

Christian Meyer, Founder of Meyer LI 5,, A Brothers Drug Company, wizen He Started P4 14 be-Democrat Staff Phot -Globe-Democrat .1 His Retail Store at Fort Wayne, in 3 CC 4 1852. TheOther Two, Considered Quite 1 Old, Came From Nantucket and Are Some of the Mortars and Pestles Handsome of i 'i- I 413 in the If C'ollection of More Globe-Democrat Staff Than 75 Pieces; which Date' Back Through the Generations to a Period About 250 Years kk A' 'frr A O. From Many Countries, received --'''-'04-- ----t-- --'31 4 rr IP '-5. They Are of Many On 1 1 tiii 4 One of the Shelves at Right Is 4 i''' i 4, 3 3- an Early Apothecary scale. Globe-Democrat Staff Photo.

,,....7 ii, 4, i :6:04 1 SPEOlitL Drar Alva TO TKO GLORIC-DIAMOCILLT. COLUMBIA, December 28. A peaceful revolution in Missouri agriculture. providing a larger and more stable income and at the same time conserving and improving the productivity of the state's -agricultural lands was foreseen here today as a result of investigations, to which the Missouri College of Agriculture has devoted 12 months in making a survey de, signed to ascertain, better farming practices adapted to each section of the state. The findings of the survey, showing to what uses the various types of farm land in the state may best be put, and development of new cropping system recommended by the college brought conclusions so startling that college faculty members at first refused to accept them until proof of their efficacy could be produced.

The plan is not a brie-year emergency measUre, but is designed as a program to carry over a long period of years. Reduction in Hogs and Corn. Perhaps the most striking recommendation of the program is its proposal for a reduction of two of the state's most important cash cropshogs and corn. For the state as a whole, corn, costly to land in every section because of the opportunity tad crop offers for soil erosion, should be reduced 23 per cent, and hog raising should decrease 11.5 per cent, the survey said. The corn reduction ranged upward to above 40 per cent in some sections, but since the base year upon which the reductions are computed in 1929, the cuts are not so star, tling as they first appear because the AAA adjustment program hits already cut production from that level considerably.

SPOlitl 1) COLL A peal agriculti more at same tir Ing the here tod tieing, to of Agri months signed tl taraecer TO GLOSX-DISMOCILLT MBIA, Ma. December 28. ceful revolution in Miseouri are, proViding a larger and able income and at the ne conserving and improv- tral lands was foreseen productivity of the state's ay as a resultof investiga. which the Missouri College culture has devoted 12 in making a survey 'de, ri ascertain, better farming I adapted to each section ridings of the survey, to what uses the various farm land in the state may put, and development of Tang system recommended ing that co ollege brought conclusions college faculty at first refused to accept til proof of their efficacy produced. The plan is not tr emergency measure, but ed as a program to carry ong period of years.

the in Hogs and Corn. is most striking recom- on. of the program is its crop offers for soil ero- for a reduction Of two of most important cash )gs and corn. For the state tion because of ae, corn, costly to land in the oppor- et raising. should decrease ad be reduced 23 per cent, cent, the survey said.

The uction ranged upward to per cent in some sec- the base year upon reductions are computed ci a ti it tl tl al le capacity and substantially increases farm incomes. Dr. O. R. Johnson, member of the agricultural economics faculty of the College, sees the new program as one which will halt the downward trend of farm incomes, level it off and within a few years start the incomes upward while at the same time giving Missouri farmers an advantage in competition with other states.

"We are certain the program would level the downward trend. Since it would aid in preventing crop surpluses, which eventually will be taken care of by population increases, the income level soon would begin an upward climb," he said. The change, however, would not be inexpensive to the farmer and possibly would halt incomes for a year or two while it is being put in force. To counteract this, Dr. Johnson said he believed benefit payments, now used by the Triple A in an effort to halt surpluses, might be secured.

"They could be put to no better use," he commented. Dr. D. C. Wood, extension specialist in agricultural economics, who had an active part in the state survey, said today that the need of returning farm land to its proper use has been long evident and the opportunity, created by two years of improved farm prices and a general stabilization of farm credit, to take action now is at hand.

He pointed out that extraordinary foreign demand for American farm products during the war halted long-established farming systems and brought sod land under the plow. The land was used exhaustively after 1920 as farmers attempted to meet fixed interest charges and Increased taxes, and farm prices declined. capacity and substantially increases farm incomes. Dr. O.

R. Johnson, member of the agricultural economics faculty of the sees the new pro- gram as one which will halt the level it off and within a few years downward trend of farm incomes, start the incomes upward while at the same time giving Missouri farmers an advantage in competi- tion with other states. "We are cer- tain the program would level the downward trend. Since it would aid in preventing crop surpluses which eventually will be taken care of by population increases, the in- come level soon would begin an upward climb," he said. ot I'he change, however, would be inexpensive to the farmer and possibly would halt incomes for a year or two while it is being put in force.

To -counteract this, Dr. Johnson said he believed benefit payments, now used by the Triple A in an effort to halt surpluses, might be secured. "They could be put to no better use," he corn mented. Dr. D.

C. Wood, extension Bpi- cialist agricultural economics, years of improved farm prices and who had an active part in survey, said today that the the state --need of returning farm land to its prop- er use has been long evident and the opportunity, created by two credit, to take action now is at a geriiial stabilization of farm hand. He pointed out that extraordi- nary, foreign demand for American farm products during the war halt- ed long-established farming sya- 4) 'I The Heavy, Metal Mortars at Either End Are Good Examples of Early Day Utensils. The Two Sets in the Center Are Modern. Types, of Glass and Wedgewood, Made for Utility and Not Beauty.

Staff Photo. 4). 3')-- The Heavy, Metal Mortars at Either End re Good Examples Eh A of Early Day Utensils. The Two in the Center Are Modern' Types, of Glass and Wedgewood, Made for Utility and Not beatkiful piece of workmanship, a mortar of brass or a brass composition. So heavy a child might not tip it, equipped with large handles, it shines with a luster that would lead one to believe it is brand-new.

It isn't This particular mortar and its accompanying pestle were used by Christian F. G. Meyer, father of the present head of the Meyer drug concern, when the early drug dealer started his first retail store in Fort Wayne, in 1852. The founder of the company, which last September celebrated its eighty-third birthday, used to work over his mortar, mixing powderi, pastes, ointments and pills for patrons of his neighborhood drug shop, before he launched the now extensive company bearing his name. With- the concern in its infancy, Christian Meyer forsook his mortar and solicited business on horseback through Indiana and Ohio.

His son carries on, and now Carl F. G. Meyer III is a director and younger executive of the Already the college extension service has begun sending out to county agents throughout the state plans for the revision of cropping systems, sending recommendations for the respective 10 soil groups and the nine subdivisions into which the state was divided in the survey. Two Crops a Year. An added incentive to use of the survey findings which point to needs for cropping system revision came in experiments which have recently been carried to a successful conclusion by Dr.

W. C. Etheridge, professor of ifield crops, on an experimental farm here and later tested satisfactoilly on outlying experiment farms. Breaking away from the traditional Missouri crop rotation of corn, oats, wheat and grass, Dr. Etheridge used wheat and volunteer lespedeza one year and barley and soy beans the next, harvesting with those- combinations two crops a year and tripling the total feed supply and livestock carrying capacity of the land, and at the same time checking soil If vs PI 53 fc al St St n4 C43 re fd er at la av CC at WI ye ne DE lit St, at er Certainly not least Interesting is a collection of 10 show globes.

About 40 years and more ago, every apothecary used to have a show globe in his window. It was the sign of his art, just as the striped pole is the insignia or a barber shop. The fancifully-blown globes were filled with brightly-dyed liquid and served to inform all within blocks here was a druggist. At night frequently the apothecary placed a light behind the globe and the glow was visible -far up and down he street. 4 4 Some of the show globes in the Meyer set are in multiple units, one globe placed on top of another in pyramid form, rising from a full-bodied glass bowl at bottom to a tiny vessel at the apex.

Rarely is a show globe ever seen in a modern druggist's emporium; there are still a few in what the trade calls teal" drug shops, the sort where the principal business is filling prescripticins. When visiting drug men come to the city and President Meyer has anything to do with entertaining them, ther are taken to view his group of mortars and globes. The younger guests are interested, ask questions, examine the work-worn pieces and utter praise. But the oldsters look the lot over with knowing care, their eyes agleam and their words few. Possibly they feel with more sensitiveness the ghosts of other generations that bent in meticulous care over the mortars, jabbed with tirelessness at their precious mix Perhaps they see replicas of mortars and pestles they themselves once used izt a time when existence was more simple, time less hurried, work possibly a tit more devoted and certainly less At all events, the mortars seem to tell their own story.

1 and distinctly musical to the touch of tamping pestle. These bell metal mortars sometimes served other purposes when not employed in the rites of medicine making. The first drug store in St. Louis was opened in 1809 by Dr. Francois Saugraln, who, in 'addition to being a pharmacist, was also a physician and botanist.

Many of the early druggists were doctors, and their drug dispensaries frequently served as neighborhood forums for discussions of literature, crops and neighborhood gossip. Dr. Saugrain, in addition to being the physician-druggist of St. Louis Village, was the community's official timekeeper. Daily he sounded a gong at 6 a.

12 noon and 6 p. m. And the gong he used was his mortar, which he struck smartly with the pestle in front of his shop, so that its clear note could be heard throughout the settlement. The mortars of the Meyer collection vary in size from a pigmy bowl, with a capacity of about an ounce and weight of a quarter hound, to several cast iron containers with capacities of approximately a gallon and weights of 25 or 30 pounds. Most of them are equipped with handles for convenience of the pharmacist as he worked.

One of the bulky iron pieces came from Ste. Genevieve, pioneer town of the Midwest, and is known to be at least 150 years old. A wooden mortar iron hoops around the sides was found among the Indians in Michigan long ago. Whether the red men used the utensil for- pounding -maze or mixing war paints, and where they laid hands on it, is not part of its known history. Another mortar of a peculiar, long-bowled shape originally came from Holland and is considered between 150 and 170 years old.

Prominent in the display is a American wood, one of the hardest known. How old? No one knows; I should judge 100 years or qnfire." The mortars look like small chafing dishes. Each has its accompanying pestle, or heavy-headed 1 masher, with which the apothecary pulverized his hard drugs- and mixed his ointments. Even now each prescription druggist uses a mortar and pestle, but the implements are of much different make and not nearly so general a tool of the medicine man in the corner drug shop. Nowadays, many of the prescription ingredients are prepared and sold to the pharmacist all ready for his use.

In an earlier era, the community druggist had to obtain his simple and compound drugs from herbs and chemical rendering them or mixing them in the mortar. Mute stories of human existence are caught in the battered pestles and age-darkened mixing pots of so many completed generations. Even the unimaginative mind would be snared into a moment or two of speculation as the eyes wanders over these deeply-worn uteri-. sils, fashioned in the shops of metalsmiths that had never heard of airplanes or radios, of the economles of security or brain trusters. In those small pots were created painsease for so many thousands.

Young hands grew gnarled thumping away with same of the pestles a lifetime over a single mortar. Apothecaries treasured these simple tools in a period when many druggists grew their own herbs in rear-yard gardens. 40. In the lot are beautiful bronze mortars and copper mortars, shiny, polished with decades of use that could not wear them away. Some are of heavy wood, bulky, dull fashioned, eminently for utility's sake.

Others of the collection are of fine bell metal, extremely serviceable By HAMILTON THORNTON. IF ONE of the pharmacists who came over in the Mayflower and there must have been a few druggists aboard that spacious vesselwere to step into the directors' room of the Meyer Brothers Drug Company, 217 South Fourth street, he would feel at home. That is probably the only spot in this 1935 city where a colonial apothecary could feel at home. Here he would find scores of ancient mortars and pestles of types used as far back as 250 years ago. He might even discover his own mortar there, worn and scarred with the concoction of thousands of medicinal compounds.

Acute interest in the history of early drug-making has led Carl F. G. Meyer, president of the company, and Stanley B. Simpson, vice president, to accumulate one of the largest and most interesting collections of mortars known to The mortars, mixing pots for the pharmacist, are of great, diversity in size, shape and make. In the group are more than 75, relics of two and a half century of man's efforts to minister to humal.

4. -to "They are the pet hobby of Mr. Meyer," Simpson explains? "and I sort of look out for them, buy additions, and generally keep tab on their history, as far as we can learn it. Some have come from Holland, Germany, Britain; many were used in a day when George Washington was a young farmer, in a day when Abraham Lincoln was debating with homespun eloquence the questiqn of Negro slavery. "Our two largest ones, great bowls approximately a foot tall and capable of holding about a gallon, were recently brought back by Mr.

Meyer from Nantucket. They are made of lignum-vitae, a small trop By Associated Press. WASHINGTON, December The emergence of Senator Borah from the speculative shadows into the light of presidential candidacy has thrown two of, his independent colleagues into a political silence deep enough to make the rustle of a falling ballot sound like a derstorm. Three of those four who rode with the Democrats to the disaster of the Republicans in 1932 are still alive but one of these has nitely expressed himself for dent Roosevelt. Bronson Cutting who mounted a platform at Lamy, New Mexico, to give the Roosee velt candidacy his endorsement before a clamoring crowd in 1932, died in an airplane accident.

of the others, George W. Norris of Nebraska, to whose' home town of McCook Candidate Roosevelt went to speak in 1932standing with Norris in a fairground-with a torch red sun flaming across the prairies in the West at their back has already given the President his hand for the coming campaign, Hiram Johnson of California and Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin furnish the enigmas. Both supported the Democratic Roosevelt in 1932. Both have received his hearty favor since.

Never Belted Party. However independent Borah may have been by word in the past, he has never bolted the party. Even, In 1912 when he was aafloor leader for Theodore Roosevelt at Chicago, he did not follow his chief out of the hall to take part in the Bull Moose fight against Taft. Johnson did and was the second man on the Bull Moose ticket He was Governor of Californja then. Not until their fight against the World Court brought them together last spring did Johnson and Borah step across the 23-year-old breach and become- friends again.

The new situation has shoved forward the question whether they may again follow different sides of the fencejust as they did in 1924. Then Johnson was seeking thd presidential nomination. Borah stuck with Coolidge. Now Borah is seeking it. The last time that Johnson ran for the Senatejust a year ago he was supported by the Demo' crats.

But he also was supported by the Republicans and several other parties. The result put him in a position to speak his mind freely and vote as Hiram Johnson dictated. Unlike his Wisconsin friendLa Follette. it was unnecessary for him 'to set up a new party. He spoke for all parties.

Different in Wisconsin. But the situation was altogether lifferent in Wisconsin. The Demo' crate were clamoring for La Follette's seat, despite that he had the approval of President Roosevelt In California, the appetite of the Democrats had been partially, appeased by thejact that Senator McAdoo was sifting in the seat of Samuel Shortridge, the Republican. Previously, the Democrats haa invaded thre Wisconsin Republican, primaries to vote for the La lettes and their Progressives. They had decided to hold primaries of their own and stay out of the Republican voting.

So, the young ator La Follette, shorn of the prospect of Democratic help in getting the nomination as a "Repultican (Progressive)," simply struck the Republican off his name and set up, a Progressive party. He won and joined Henrik Ship-, stead of Minnesota as the only two, in- the Senate to represent minor parties. But the friendship of tlat) President for the La Follettes has remained undimmed. It was not so long ago that he borrowed from their tactics to ask the ministry's advice about running the country, Norris already has indicated that he, too, might soon take the Republican tag off his name officially. But he has given no details of his plans.

The leader ofmany bat-ties for liberalism is tired and wants to go home to McCook to fix up things around his house there. Backed by Roosevelt But the clamor of his friends doesn't seem- to die down. President Roosevelt has said he thought Norris ought to stay in the Senate as long as be lived. This gnought the observation from Keith Neville, Nebraska's Democratic national Icommitteeman, that the President ought to have suggested that Norris file as a Democrat Norris has said that he will not run as the candidate of any party, which stirred a report in Nebraska of a likely split among Democrats who may 'be undecided whether to follow the President and vote for Norris or support a candidate of their own. Most of the others who wear Republican titles after their name and vote as they please on most occasions have been described as sympathetic to Borah, but have not definitely committed themselves.

however, the positions of Senators Nye of North Dakota, Couzens of Michigan, Capper of Kansas, Norbeck of South Dakota, and Frazier of North Dakota are less complicated than those of La Follette, Norris and Johnson. This in spite of the likely candidacy of Capper's Governor Landon and Couzens' Senatorial colleague, Van. denberg. Couzens, in his own words, will, be running "like himself for the Senate. An indication of desires to fight things out In the old established parties than to establish new ones was expressed recently by Nye.

He, told third party advocates that he doubted they would get of Support they would like from 11,, By Associated Preits. WASHINGTON December The emergence of Senator Borah from the speculative shadows into) the light, of presidential candidacy has thrown two of, his independent colleagues into a political silence deep enough to. mike the rustle of a falling ballot sound like a thlin Three of those four who rode with the Democrats to the disaster ll of the Republicans in 1932 are sti alive but one of these has aely expressed himself for Presi. dent Roosevelt. Bronson Cutting who mounted a platform at Lamy, New Mexico, to give the Roose velt candidacy his endorsement be- fore a clamoring crowd in 1932, died in 0 Of the others, George W.

Norris an airplane Nebraska, to whose home town of McCook Candidate Roosevelt went to speak in 1932-standing with Norris in a fairground-with a torch red sun flaming across the prairies in the West at their back -has already given the President his hand for the coming campaign. Hiram Johnson of California and Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin furnish the enigmas. Both sup- ported the Democratic' Roosevelt in Both have his hearty favor since. Never Bolted Party.

However independent Borah mar. been by word in the past, he has never bolted the party. Eve rt in 1912 when he was aafloor leader Theodore Roosevelt at Chicago for he did not follow his chief out of the hall to take part in the Bull oose ght against Taft. fi Johnson -did and was the second coalosiefotris.cikaetthHeme GoonythereneBrul413 wmasan Not until their fight against the World Court brought them together -t But this is a tale of mortars, or mostly. Besides the mortars, Messrs.

Meyer and Simpson have accumulated various other instruments used by earlier followers of the For instance, there is a leech glass, a container, for leeches. Simpson explained in certain localities of St. Louis, especially where foreign population predominates, leeches are still used to remove discoloration from black eyes and other kinds of bruises. Also in the Meyer collection is an ancient cork press, a rather crude instrument of iron, used by the druggist of past generations for shaping corks to fit bottles. Then there is a pill roller, about 90 years old, an odd little gadget with which pill merchants of another day prepared their capsules.

-I i i 4 No Longer Practical. A return to the old system is no longer practical, he said, because farmers are working a lower grade of land; it is necessary to retire steep and eroded land from cultivation and to shift to cropping systems which will conserve and improve the soil. "The new farming system requires changes in cropping systems which will alter farm feed supply both as to kinds and quality; this will necessitate a change in kinds and quantities of live stock 'carried, and gross farm receipts, farm expenses and net farm incomes will shift," Dr. Wood said. While the suggested changes in production will decrease hogs in the state, by no means will they diminish live stock.

On the contrary, increased production of beef, milk, sheep, wool and poultry are recommended. The changes, however, would diminish corn production and the consequent live stock fattening on soil which suffer severe erosion losses when planted in corn of which are marginal or submarginal In corn production. For the state as a whole the crop changes would include decreasing corn 23 per cent, increasing wheat 15 per cent, keeping the oats crop stationary, increasing barley crops by half a million acres, decreasing hogs 11.5 per cent, and increasing beef, milk, sheep and wool by 9 per cent. Increased, too, in rye, tame hay, alfalfa and rotation pastures would be included to a. large degree, but no figures were available for 1929 comparison.

This program, It Is believed, will lead to a 2 per cent increase in gross income and restore the net income to the 1929 level. Downward Trend Averted. The survey results were tabled and indicate that corn yields have not materially declined during the past 20 years, although erosion has decreased soil fertility. In some sections, however, yields have declined and a more general downward trend has probably been averted, largely by the practice of retiring old fields from production. Corn -acreage, however, shows a general and substantial decline, revealing the tendency of farmers to retire land from corn production after it becomes eroded and less productive.

This trend is interpreted as a forerunner of more extensive decline in corn yield. 1 In making recommendations for crop changes in various districts 1 the direction and relative rather than exact magnitude, was taken into consideration. It was pointed out that on some individual units little or no change could be justified and that on other units greater changes would be readily defended as policies effective in 1 maintEdning and eventually improving the productivity of the lands involved and to care for the longtime income needs of the operators. they Involve wastage of the nation's man-power. DEMOCRATS TOP G.

O. P. 3 1 IN U. S. SENATE I of misconduct for which policemen should be watching, the paper mentions: "Failure to give the Hitler salute" when the Horst Wessel song is sung, the spreading of false rumors, favorable descriptions of life in Soviet Russia, sneering remarks against the Nazi Government, and attempts to commit suicide.

The last are to be constdered offenses against the state because ATTEMPTS AT SUICIDE ON 'VERBOTEN' LIST By Associated Press: BERLIN'Antigovernment wisecracks and attempts to commit suicide are both offenses against the state and should be dealt with as such, says the official news organ of the Association of German Police. In an article citing various types 2230 Theology Books Published. By Associated Press. BERLIN, December 28.The importance of religious questions in Germany is indicated in figures showing that 2230 books on theology were published in 1934, compared to 2030 in the previous year. In the same yar general titles declined from 21,600 to 20,850.

PLAN BOOST IN NATION'S AERIAL DEFENSE FATHER AND 16 SONS FIGHT FOR ETHIOPIA Form Military Unit by Or1 der of Emperor Selassie. By Associated Press. HARAR, ETHIOPIA, December 28.A father and 16 sons are fighting as one military unit for Ethiopia on the Ogaden front Emperor Haile Selassie authorized an order preventing any separation of the family by military commanders in the South following a personal appeal made by the father. The latter, a burly 65-year-old Amharic chieftain. as action as any of his husky sons, went to Addis Ababa, where he was received by the Emperor and congratulated for his long services in behalf of the government.

"I have 'come to offer you my harvest, 16 sons," the chief told the Emperor. "We want to fight as one unit for Ethiopia and under my command I can promise you no Italian will live who dares to chal "I have 'come to offer you my harvest, 16 sons," the chief told the Emperor. "We want to fight as one unit for Ethiopia and under my command I can promise you no Italian will live who dares to On land which was hard put to produce's corn crop of 20 bushels per acre and which readibk showed the ravages of erosion, this new cropping scheme produced the feed equivalent of 80 bushels of corn per acre. Instead of "carrying" one head of live stock to the acre, it fattens three. The complete results of Dr.

Etheridge's experiments are to be announced within a few days. Under this crop rotation plowing, one of the heaviest expenses of any crop production, becomes unneces- sary. The most severe soil treatment Dr. Etheridge uses is thor ough discing. The tTpe of soil upon which the experiments were made Is similar to that in the northeast corner of the state dnd the program is readily adapted to 14 counties north of the Missouri River.

Change of Farming Practices. That adoption of the new plan will not be without difficulty is foreseen, since it will mean a complete change of farming practices in many sections, particularly those which have been devoted to raising heavy grains and buying feeder cattle to fatten so long that farmers there would be almost lost with a crop system which the survey shows -would be most profitable to them. There was an example of this problem in the soil erosion gontrol project at Bethany, where Harrison County farmers decreased corn acreage .20 per cent and planted lespedeza and legumes and then watched the latter crops rot on the ground. College officials pointed out that their plan, efficiently used, would necessitate material alterations in present systems of farming. To the 1934 drouth can be traced several of the new cropping recommendations.

During the late summer fpf that year, barley, crimson clove and winter vetch were introduced in South Missouri to rupplement Korean lespedeza pastnres when a feed shortage threatened. So successful were the new crops that records on some farms indicated the winter pastures rnd absence of heavy grain-rations farmers to produce butterfat in midwinter at a cost of 8 to 12 cents a pound, when it was selling for 32 cents. Meanwhile North Missouri farmers, with heavy grain rations to feed, -were spending 31 cents to produce a pound of butterfat. The new type of feeding resulted in some reduction in the pounds of butterfat per cow, but also resulted in extremely low fed-mg costs. Year-Around Pasture Crops.

The drouth -N crops called to everyone's attention the fact that in South Missouri the climatic advantages make possible the estab1hment of year-around pasture crops and low production of butterfat, stocker and feeder cattle, stock pigs, lambs and wool. The new crops increases live stock carrying 4 pr Pe cri ect sic of till Et an 1 on cr4 sal Mf 0114 Wt is col gri tie wi fos in wil he tie th4 crs -wo pro pro Co acl les WEI gri ou' we tio trs re4 sul so ini ttli ert wi al rn en Ratio Is 69 to 23 Just Be fore New Session Starts In January. By Associated Press. WASHINGTON, December 28. Congress as constituted just before the new session starts is represented by an exact ratio of three Democrats for every Republican in the Senate-69 to 23.

The Democratic plurality in the House is a little better than 3 to with 318 Democrats against 104 Republicans. With the appointment Friday by Gov. Floyd Olson of Minnesota of Elmer A. Benson, Farmer-Laborite, to serve out the term of the late Senator Thomas D. Scholl, Republican, expiring January 3, 1937, the Farmer-Labor' party boosted its Senate representation to two for the first time.

Henrik Shipstead, also from Minnesota, is the other Farmer-Laborite. He sits in the last row on Republican side and the Republicans arrange his committee assignments. Where Benson will sit will be determined after he arrives in the capital. There is one Progressive in the SenateLa Follette of Wisconsin who also sits on the Republican side, having left the G. O.

P. to run as a Progressive in the last electiom One vacancy exists, I the seat of the late Senator Huey P. Long, Democrat of Louisiana. There are seven Progressives In the House and three Farmer-Laborites. Three vacancies exist, the seats, of former Representatives Igoe and Arnold, Illinois Democrats, and that of the late Representative Truax, Ohio Democrat.

sentative Truax, unio vemocrat. 1 1 1 4 i 1 II: challenge us." The Emperor assured him his wish would be gratified. ti 1. 711:...:,.:.... lommonsfoommoppoomemoomfoh, At s', -Ik AlfiAti' tilt) 716.r1:7-111: 4.0'1 ,4.

k4 il 1 1 if )4. ti rl'e7 1,, 1 -St, 1 i. nf 1 7-. "de- ...0, l'' 1 1 WAGE BOOST 1 WORKERS IS POSTPONED! By Associated Press. BERLIN, December 28.A wage I boost for German workmen has been postponed awaiting better times.

The news is being broken gently to laborers who are assured that their. leader, Adolph Hitler, by no means has forgotten them. He will, Nazi organs say, see that what the Nazis promised when they were on their way to dictatorship is fulfilled when the "situation permits." Many converts were won on a higher wage platform. There has been I recent grumbling. I 1 Against this failure to Put mwe money in the pay envelope.

the Nazis assert that they have brought laborers something they never had I beforeopportunity to enjoy themselves by travel or in the theater at very low price, This, it is claimed, is -Socialism in fact in theory." the i Ight I cm- had 4 1 Etter 'ism LAWRENCE OF ARABIA COTTAGE TO BE PRESERVED By Associated Tess. WAREHAM, gNGLAND, December 28.The cottage in Dorset where Lawrence of Arabia spent his spare time for 10 years is to remain just as It was when the "uncrowned King of Arabia" met his tragic death. In the middle of a great the cottage is almost hidden by trees and shrubbery. The living room has a large fireplace, blackened ceiling beams and endless book shelves. One of the bedrooms is fitted with a bunk and a window like a ship's porthole.

It was Lawrence's have a room which would make his naval friends feel at home. ened ceiling beams and endless book shelves. with One of the bedrooms is fitted ship' a bunk and a window like a porthole. It was Law- rence's planto have a room which would make his naval friends feel at home. '''''g i eral Senators in 1936.

Larger Families I eral Senators in 1936. 1 Larger Families iii Develop Rail Center. By Associated Press. MUKDEN, MANCHOUKUO, December by a fnur-million yen loan from the Central Bank of Manchoukuo, the Mukden City Government is starting to develop this-railway center and former commercial crossroads with a a population of 1,000,000. Develop Rail Center.

By Associated Press. wwwrwy-svnlb, Ikve-wr wesv www, ye, 1311 L. I "Air-AIN, JX1.0,14 riga l'. I.J, LJC by a foUr-mil- eo in yen thlofary centtere il opis raanilw from Central 1 nk Ba of Manchoukuo, the Mukden City Government is starting to de- mer commercial crossroads with a a population of 1,000,000. Wanted.

By Associated Press. BRUSSELS, December er families are being encouraged in Belgium through -subsidies- paid from a fund established by ezn. ployers for workers' children. Last year 473,424 families with 853,970 children benefited. "Dy A--- avao.

BRUSSELS, December children. eeoa Last a is er pk, families ers for are being encouraged rg ed Belgium through paid subsidies- from a fund established by ezn. year 473,424 families with 853,970 children benefited. WASHINGTON, D. the nation's aerial defense machine for high speed, the War Department will let contracts for an additional $10,000,000 worth of swift, new fighting planes within the next week.

Gen. Malin Craig (left), chief of staff, and Secretary of War George H. Dern are shown conferring on the boost in the nation's aerial defense. They also discussed the proposed mechanization of the ground forces, estimates of which will be presented before the incoming Congr ess. ASHINGTON, D.

C.Gearing the nation's aerial defense machine for high speed, the aerial new e. War George re 0Dr ge Department H. a tne netr a will let contracts nf ac conferring tsf rorri. na gadditional nhebo boost 0 0 the a0O worth tn ia swift, fighting planes within the next week. Gen.

Malin Craig (left), chief of staff, and Secretary of wa They also discussed the proposed mechanization of the ground forces, estimates of which will be presented before the incoming Congr ess. I It i -t i ilk. i I 1 13. 3 1 1 i.