The Farmer and Mechanic from Raleigh, North Carolina • Page 8

THE FARMER AND MECHANIC A FtfJAL FABEWELL-TO A BRITISH GEM1U 5 UNCLE SAM IIS the husband, and 33.5 per cent, or of those granted to th wife. The next most Important ground of divorce is. for husbands, adultery, and for wives, cruelty. Of -the divorces granted to husbands (18k 7 to 1906) VASHinGTOrrGDES AHEftD Forging Forward in a Period of Unprecedented Progress LIBR J1D 01I1CE Census Bureau Compiles In-. teVesting Statistics KINGSBURY SOUTH AFRICA Bih FRANK G.

CARPENTER I'll Ml By DR. T. B. I not long since referred to certain living writers who repudiated Shakespeare and relegated him to that set who are denied a aeat at the table of the immortals. It is almost too re-diculous to be gravely considered even for a minute.

It has been charged as a most serious objection to admit Shakespenrsto sit among the great and glorified among earth's immortals in that Valhalla where the world's supreme geniuses find ready welcome. It the greatest of poetic men of the genius may not be welcomed to the company of authors of trrpatest power and authority, who shall be welcome to the Panteon of immortals and to keep company forever with most consummate masters and highest Inspired of the earth. The "slovenly" writers the careless, the ungrammatical must live below the stairs of the scholarly and highest gifted. If indeed the Immortal Shakespeare the very foremost of all. men of true genius, must by reason of his careless and sometimes ungrummatieal way be driven from a front place what a pity it will be for humanity's sake.

If Shakespeare must be debnrred because of his many errors and be driwn to sit on the outside with the uninspired of earth, the commonplace, the vast multitude of writers jvho are more accurate can enjoy their little day arid then be forever forgotten. Of all writers, the most careless, the most "slovenlv." the most purely unsram-matlcal, is the immortal William Shakespeare, the very fdremost of all men of genius. The student of the great poet needs not to be Informed as to the Innumerable errors, great carelessness, ungrammaticisms in endless array. No man wrote so penetratingly, so potentially, so profoundly, so magr.iricently, so imaginatively, so In-sniringly. so grandly as did England's mighty genius.

But. alas.lsomehow he blundered, he nodded, he wrote, so obscurely, so incorrectly at times. He was none the less the greatest of all great authors; he was simply supreme. But, alas, he was so careless! I wrote of Dickens but recentlj'. A few words, here additional, too, the critics urge, blundered butted grammar and nodded because isrnorant.

slovenly. Remerrther like Shakespeare he had poor advantages, to begin with. He could not possibly have written the "Suspirla" of De Quincy, one of my favorite authors in literature. He could not have written as correctly as the great Thackeray wrote, and yet even he sometimes tripped in his grammar, and yet of all English novelists he probably had the purest, best style. Dickens possessed in great development certain superior gifts that De Quineey nor Thackeray nor George Eliot, nor that master, Sir Walter Scott, possessed.

He was superb and AFTER THE TOBACCO TRUST. Mr. W. L. Petty, a Former Tobacconist on the Rocky Mount 31arkct After the Gobblers.

(Special to News and Observer.) ilson, N. C. Dec. 11 Tho Leader of Lexington, has this to say of a former citizen of Roeky Mount: L. Petty, of W.

L. Petty this city, which firm represents the United States Tobacco Company, of Richmond, perhaps the largest independent manufacturers in the United States, has been, it is understood, selected to inspect the samples of the remaining 25 per cent, of the pooled crop sold to the independents and to see that this tobacco is in good shape for delivery. Mr. Petty was one of the leaders of the Independents in the combination made at Winchester Tuesday to thwart the alleged scheme of the trust buyers to gobble up" the residue of the pooled tobacco and he greatly endeared himself to the representatives of the independent concerns on the ground by his stand to protect them against the encroachment of their giant competitor. He is a radical man, thoroughly experienced In buying tobacco and his judgment can be relied on to give both the seller and the purchaser a square TRIP TO PANAMA.

To Be 31adc by Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. (By the Associated Press.) Washington. D. Dec. 11.

A trip to Panama will be made to the Isthmian Canal zone by the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee according to a decision reached by that committee today. It will sail on December 28, probably from Miami, on a government tug, returning to Washington January 13. The trip is to be made to allow the members to become more thoroughly 'acquainted conditions in the zone. The present government of the zone is regarded as temporary only and the committee may decide that the time has arrived when a permanent code of laws should bo drafted. CAROLINA CASE ARGUED.

Case of Corbett Buggy Company A-rairwt A. G. Ricaud lti Circuit Court of Appeals. (Special to News and Observers) Richmond, c. 11.

The following ease was argued in the United States Circuit Court of Appeals today before Circuit Judges Goff and Pritchard and District Judges Morris and Brawley: Corbitt Buggy Company, appellant, against A. G. It caud. trustee for John L. James, bankrupt appellee.

Appealed from the district court at Wilmington. N. O. The cauac was argued by D. W.

Rountree and Herbert McClammy, of Wilmington, N. C. for the appellant, and by Thos. W. Davis, of Wilmington, N.

for the appellee, and submitted. PENSION The Hearts of tlie Pensioners of Wilson County Made to Leap "With Joy. (Special to News and Observer.) Wilson. N. C.

Dec. 11. Clerk Mew-born this morning received pension checks for war veterans and widows There are in Wilson county on the pension rdll one hundred and flfty-slx. Of this number ninety-five are old soldiers and sixty-one widows. Ten thousands, one hundred and nfnety-fivc dollars is the amount to be distributed in thin county.

lift Given a Weary Traveller. (Special to News and Observer StatesvIIle. X. Dec. 11 Mr? o.

West, the aged man who suffered a stroke of paralysis on the street last week and was in the Billlngsley hot- FnfSKno111 lefKl Ty mSrn-JtfU Knoxville, -weher he was horn and lived up to forty yeara ago 'when he went to Th "old gentleman was penniless and friendless when found unconscious on the street when he eft he had a neaf firth? .52 kindly hearted people, besides railroad ticket to Knoxville 8 28.8 per cent were for adultery; antU of those- granted to wives z.5 pr cent, were for cruelty. Only 10 per cent of the divorces granted to wires were for adultery of the husband, and 10.5 per cent of divorces "ranted to husbands were for cruelty on the part of the wife. Drunkenness was the ground for divorce in 5.3 per cent of the cases In which the wife brought suitT and In 1.1 per cent of the cases In which the suit was brought by the husband. The above percentages represent those cases In which the specific cause was sola ground on which the divorce was granted. Very frequently, however, divorces are granted, not upon one ground only, but upon two or more in combination.

In many eases in which drunkenness or intemperance was not recognized in the decree of the Court as a ground for divorce, it appears to have been present as a contributory influence. Intemperance was, in fact, reported as an Indirect or contributory cause of divorce in 5 per cent of the divorces granted to the husband and in 18 per cent of the divorces granted to the wife, and appeared as a direct or indirect cause in 19.5 per cent of all divorces, and 26.3-per cent of those granted to wives ard 6.1 per cent of those granted to husbands. Few Divorce Cases Contested. Only 15 per cent of the divorces were returned as contested, and probably in many of these cases the contesting was hardly more than a formality. Of those divorces in which notice upon the defendant was served personally 20 per cent were contested, while in those cases in which notice was served bv publication was served by publication in newspapers only per cent were contested.

The latter form of notice is commonly employed where the residence of the defendant is outside the State in which -the suit is brought, or is unknown. In 1 divorce case out of 3 the residence of the defendant is either outsld the State or is unknown, the residing outside the State belntr per cent, and the percentage for which the residence Is unknown being 12.6. One Divorced Wife in Eight Gets Alimony. Alimony was demanded in 18 per cent of the divorces granted to the wife, and was granted to 12.7 per cent. In other words.

3 wives out of 16 asked for alimony, and 2 out of 16, or 1 out of 8. obtained It. The piopor-tion of husbands who asked for alimony was 2.8 per cent, and tile proportion obtaining was 2 per cent. Duration of Divorced Marrlars. The average duration of marriass terminated bv divorce is about ten years.

Sixty per cent, or last than ten years and 40 per cent last longer. The number of divorces occuring the first year of married life during the entire period. 1887 to 199rt. was the number increases to 27,704 in the second year of married life, and reaches its maximum in the H'th year, when it becomes 68.770. i-Kin that point on the number diminir.i"s your by year, but does not fall bekrw the number granted in the first year of married life until the eighteenth year is reached.

The rapidity with which matters come to a crisis in the married cMre--rs of divorced cou.oles is more clearly indicated bv the number of years which elapse between marriase and separation. Usually separation precedes divorce by a considerable longth of time; and a certain period must necessarily elapse before a divorce can be obtained after the occasion for it arises. The number of years from marriage to separation was ascertained in case of 770,929 divorced couples. Of these 98,460, or 12.8 per cent, separated in the first voar of married life, and 68 9 or per cent in the second vear; ir. the third year the number falls off to 76,102: at the end of the fifth one-half of the total number of separations have taken place.

Hut it is a somewhat surprising fact that married couples, or 3.1 per cent of the total number, separated and became divorced the completion of twenty-five vears of married life-Place of Marriage. In this report divorces have been classified with re.soept to the State or country in which the parties' were married. In 10.8 per cent of the total number of eases this information was not -obtained; 68.1 per cent were reported as married in the same State in which the divorce was granted; 18.7 ner cent as married in some other" State, and 2.5 per cent as married in loreign countries. The last percentage can, by no means, be accepted as representing the proportion of divorces granted to foreigners, since many immigrants are married after to this country, and such ismarriages are not oasimvjisnume t- rv v. .1 trom tnose- oi naii-.

vi divorced couples known to have been married in the United States 88.5 per cent were married in the same State in which they were divorced, and 21.5 per cent in other States. Of the divorced couples known to have been married in foreign countries 36.9 per cent were married in Canada: 12.7 per cent in England; 16.1 ptr cent in Germany, and 1.9 per cent in Ireland. The percentage for Ireland is notably small, as compared with the population of Irish birth, which, in fact, constituted 15.6 per cent of the local foreign born population in the year 1900. It is further noteworthy that the divorced marriages contracted in Germany are more than eight times as many as those contracted in Ireland, although the German born population is only 65 per cent larger than the Irish. Children in Divorce Case.

Children were reported in 39.8 per cent of the total number of divorced cases. The proportion is much larger for divorces granted to the wife than for divorces granted to the husband; children being present in 46.8 per cent of the former class of divorces and 26 per cent of the latter. A reason suggested for this is that the children are usually assigned by the Court to the -mothers, and to her. therefore, divorce does not imply separation from the children, while to the husband it involves a sev -ranee of the parental us well as the marital relation. DUE TO OUR IIKALTHY CLIMATE.

A Model Farmer, Who, in Ills Eighty-Fifth Year, Makes Three Bales of Cotton -o Two Acres. (Roanoke-Chowan Times.) Mr. Eli C. Copeland, now in 'his eighty-fifth year, this year made three heavy bales of cotton on two acres of land, and forty barrels, of corn on four acres, and did most of the work himself, besides doing much other woTk on his farm. "Uncle Eli," as m'jst people affectionately call him.

Is ope of our kest citizens, highly esteemed by all who know him. He is a member of the Society of Friends and has lived an exemplary, temperate. Christian life, exemplifying in his daily walks the best traditions of the Friends and off the teachings of the Bible. Ha haa long since- passed the "meridian of life, is not In the full glow of the evening, reading it fo that is an inspiration and a benediction tci. all who coma, in contact' with him.

masterly in his highest rol. indeed certain qualitit-s that were immense, and surpassingly popular an i Ing. I first read Dickens wh teens in the forties, and I hv. him ever since with charm, and possibly with Ing pleasure and satisfaction jolce that In advanced asrc I t-lost my real relish and love ens. May my appetite m-wr "Pickwick" and "Martin Cli and "David CopperfIW an.i ofTwo Cities" and tho oth.

the glorious galaxy. lncl'i-I r.c Cash" and the marvellous "hr, Stories" and so on. I know of Dickens but recently. -A delight In him I am glad to r. excellencies at any time.

rrennial favorite with Walur never weary of them. I know there Is taste an Everyvman has preferences. b.k loves as best of companion sweetct of friends. Thre ar-- considered yreat by the united ship and genius of the world, I have read but a few of th. lack certain qualities and us that are essential if I would proper responses.

I was nu before I succeeded In rfadini? of of that Immortal classic, Quixote." I broke down several earlier, bul when old I not only ceded In reading every lino but I came a captive and have bMn Ing the Immoral w-ork of Cur. ever since, and wonderedHt tm previous stupidity and Mindif -am glad Indeed I perflated in attempts to read "Don Qui until I mastered and learned to It with positive satisfaction. mu tlon. delight. It Is par t.x Spain's greatest work of genius truly one of the world's grentfM ures In letters.

I must say nuain ti I positively delight in lnckt-n more than sixty years since 1 i. to read him. I rejoice that I those mental equipments necexnarv read Dickens, to read with nlwh.i pleasure and satisfaction bis tin r-works among tho most delight: among all English production and lieve they will Immortalize bis i Andrew Lang, a gifted ScoUliiu of letters, both critic and thinks Dickens has the genuine of immortality. Twenty, thirty. fifty years ago the best cultured most richly endowed men and woi-regarded Dickens as next to Sei actually ahead of Thackerayi 11- read by them with undepressed jd.

-ure. Readers of the best and of the finelst culture, know Eduard Fitzgerald, the faet friend Tennj-son himself scholar, read. poet, author. He wrote of Du kens this wise: "His style is full of the faults a man imperfectly educated. Krnrs taste abound in.lt, and much sentiment is mawkish, or constrained.

false; and yet, in spite of thin, i only, do his writings embody th-shrewdgst, the truestthe widest and the most various observations of tie life around him, but they show him be, in a certain sense one of Uv. greatest of English poets." Professor George Saintsbury, oi University of Edinburg. and a di-tin-crulshed author and critic of wii-reputation, who is thought to be ih best and broadest Informed of living "English -men of letters, in hi excellent and most enjoyable of Nineteenth Century Literature, wrote of Dickens at much lenntb. I will cull a few sentences that my readers may see what so acifte, widely cultured English critic now" living ha to say of Dickens. Writing of Jiis pr ductions, he says: "The brilliancy and originality of the product of this man cannot be denied.

Occasionally the work i-marred by too many and too hirim-tricks of mannerism. His knowledge was very limited; his logical ulties were not strong. And over this. and above this possessed an imagination now humorous, now terrible, now simply ro-tesque of a range and volume rarely equaled, and of a qifalin which stands entirely by itself." He refers also i to-" pathos and humor, which were bounding. In one of bis several umes of essaj-s.

Professor Saintshm discusses Dickens In an entire pan-He says: "I will add that I hr. not think very much of any one 1 materially altered his opinion "Pickwick," however many tini'-s may havo read It afterward: "I lieve that any one who really genuine Olterature and has a true ceptlon nf the worth of the brinht and most original productions oi -nius may read 'Pickwick' ouce a for four decades, seeing clearly n. 'extremely artificial character PickWIcklng world The le-wm-Professor confesses ho reads it -v- year or two at farthest. I do know how often I have read it. i probably six, eight or ten times.

know I never-weary of it when reading it, and recall with tion that my pleasure at last not two years since, was undmn: Ished. Andrew La ng, the many- Scottish author and genius, in unique, ingenious and dt liu) "Letters to Dead Author writes one to. Diekenn. In he Fays of him that i- greatest comic genius- of imi' 1 times." A great compliment -sur-but well placed. Rut after all.

th- are American critics who do not i lieve that Dickens will survive ages. Ills failure in the end i i' evitablc. according to those W-ho fail to discern. This is prha'' a dull age, and humor Is not ot and the most eharrnin-unique perhaps. Lang says: rally follows that In a period a'n destitute of humor, many n-spt.

persons cannot read Dickens, ami not ashamed to glory In their ha! They cannot relish the including Pickwick himself, ami Weller and the Senior, and Tapley and all the delightful. ing brotherhood and sisterhood in imrrrortal books. The 'ate Henley was beyond fair n' a brilliant virile, original mai. letters. His critical" papers ar ways readable and full of toint his "Essays on Appreciation eight pages on Dickenstlie bit in volume.

He writes Of this verv genius: "He waa the iribniratiea onr boyhood, so he is.a delisht n. middle age. I love to think be remembered aa one that low; fellowmen. and he did more tnem happy, than any other of his time." Again, he sa-is he had many and grave fault-so had Sir Walter and l1' so, to be candid, had Shakep' himself Shakespeare, the kir poets." Thia is fine praise ami crimination and, subtly di- There has been but one Shak' H. one Scott, with "hia many pupils imitators, and but on Charles i ens.

Long may thsy survive' -may. the world be blessed with t. and, appreciation enough to love a- aaore these men of a glorious tnlity. Development and Prosperity Along Commercial, Educational, Financial, Civic and Industrial Lines Never Before Equalled In the llls-tory of the'CIty. (Special to News and Observer.) Washington.

N. C-. Dec. 12. The county-seat of Beaufort, during the past tour years, and notwithstanding the financial panic of 1907 and three successive crop failures in this section, has -undergone a period of development and prosperity, along commercial, educational, financial, civic and industrial lines never before equaled in the history of the city.

During the panic of 1907 when large numbers of banks were issuing script and other kinds of certificate? as substitutes for currency. Washington banks issued none and paid check when presented. The city has recently installed a handsome and costly municipal electric lighting system, paved her entire business section with vitrified brick and bithu-llthie pavements. A handsome school building has been erected, Pamlico river has oeen spanned by three handsome bridges, two of which are railroad trestles and the other a steel accommodatio bridge built by the county for puolic use to replace the old wooden one formerly used. Numbers of new business firms have been organized, manufacturing plants located here, residential suburbs opened up, developed and sold, and there have been but few business failures.

The Norfolk Southern railroad and the Washington Van-demere railroad company have recently connected with this city and the Hyde County and Mattamaskeet railroad is' now in process of construction leading to this eity. These, taken together, with the Atlantic Coast Line railroad and Pamlico river affording ample water transportation, make her transportation facilities unsurpassed and especially attractive on account of low freight rates, as a location for new manufacturing industries, which are ajready beginning- to take advantage of the opportunities offered. Situated in the midst of the trucking belt the eity 13 surrounded with a number of fine tuuck farms and the shipment1 of truck and early vegetables to the Northern markets, constitutes an important factor of business. The fishing industry is another important factor, and also lumbering, and the manufacturing and shipping to Northern markets of dressed and undressed Carolina pine and poplar. Together with these and many other resources Washington is now verging on an era of prosperity, that will Surpass all previous records and easily making it one of the best towns in Eastern Carolina.

ANOTHER EFFORT YET. Norfolk Presbytery Refuses to Release Rev. Chas. Friend to Come to Spencer. (Special to News and Observer.) Spencer, N.

Dec. 11. Officiate of the Spencer Presbyterian church were notified yesterday that the Norfolk Presbytery, now in session, has refused to release Rev. Charles Friend, of Ball Haven, in order that he might accept the pastorate of the Spencer church, which extended a unanimous call two weeks ago. Mr.

Friend had signified his willingness to come to Spencer but when the faet became known to. his Virginia congregation a strong protest was raised against his departure'from that State. In addition to his work in Spencer Mr. Friend was to serve a rchurch in Salisbury and representatives from the two congregations went to Norfolk yesterday and another effort will be made to bring him to North Carolina. average price per day offered was.

$25, but I found that the rate could be greatly reduced by judicious bar- gaining. American Electrical Goods Wanted. One of the demands here in the near future is to be in electrical machinery. The Zambesi Falls, with its 36,000,000 horsepower, is to be util-' ized. and the London syndicate formed to take the sower to the Rand floated enough stock to begin work.

Within a Short time there will be 600 miles of aluminum cable as big as your wrist running from the Zambesi river to Johannesburg, and all the gold mines will be using the power. This means etectrieal cars underground and all sorts of eleetrieal attachments. If the line is successful the power will be sent eut to the different parts of South Africa within the above radius, and the electrical market will be enormous. At present our trade in such goods is increasing. There are now electric tramways in many of the cities of Algeria and Egypt, and an extensive system is about to be put into Khartum.

Pretoria w'ants electric cur lines, and it intends to lay fifteen miles of track in the town and its suburbs. In Johannesburg there is a good street car system operated by electricity, and the sstme is true of Cape Town. Nearly all the deep- gold mines iiave electric machinery for raising the- ore, and there are electrical elevators in the big business buildings of Johannesburg, American goods of this kind arc considered the best, and our leading American firms have their agents on the ground looking up tJle trade. 10.000,000 for Foodstuffs. South Africa is generally considered an agricultural country.

There are millions of acres, in Rhodesia, the Transvaal and Cae Colony which will raise hog and hominy, but so far the country does not begin to feed itself. Jn 1906 more than forty million dollars' worth of foodstuffs were imported, and this included more than a million dollars' worth of hams, about three million dollars' worth of butter and more than two million dollars' worth of condensed milk. The most of the meat comes from the United States, although our packing-house products were grefftly injured by the-lying book known as "The Jungle" and the wide publication which our government gave of the packing-house Investigations. During my stay in British Central Africa I stopped with the manager of one of the mines there. As we sal at dinner one night a dish of Chicago canned beef, cooked in a stew.

wras brought in. As it was -served the "Jungle" was referred to and Iwas asked whether the stories in it wero true. I replied they w'ere not, whereupon a Britisher at the table answered: "I don't know. I can see that this dish of canned beef is all right, but the cook tells me he found a man's thumb in the one he opened up yesterday." This man afterward said he was joking, and he spoke very highly of American meats, saymg that the men in the wilds of Africa could not get along without tlrem. Everywhere I go, however.

I meet with slurs on our packing-house products, notwithstanding that the menwha do tb.A-tnrj3ng are, the while, eatingr these tiieats with gusto. A BIG 31 ARRET WHICH COULD BE SUPPLIED WITH AMERICAN GOODS. The I 'ore iff Trade Over Six Hundred Millions American Machinery In the Gold and Diamond Mine Demand for Bicycles and Automobile! New Electrical Lines, and Their Possibilities American Meats anil How They Are Slandered Forty Million Dollars For Foodstuffs. (Copyright, 108. by Frank G.

Carpenter.) Steamship Saxon, Union Cartel Line, En Route Cape Town to Southampton. The United States Congress has recently refused to subsidize a steamship line from New York to Cape Town, and Uncle Sam seems asleep to the possibilities of South African trade. During the past ten months I have been traveling through the various colonies. The people are alive to the value of American goods. A big wedge has already been inserted, and a few sledge-hammer blows will split our way into this part of the continent.

Few people realize the enormous wealth which is bottled up in the Transvaal and Cape Colony. Thi3 steamship on which I am going from Cape Town to England is one of 12,000 tons, and it belongs to a fleet of twenty or more. There are several' large German lines which send regular steamers around Africa, and there are many vessels- from Scotland and England, Which ply regularly up and down the east and west slopes. The Saxon is one of the mast mail ships and it is now loaded with treasures Down in its vaults there are packages of rough diamonds $5,000,000, and great yellow gold bricks whose value is $25,000,000 and more. In the hold there are ostrich feathers marked for London worth over $1,000,000, and we have in addition a cargo of sheep's wool.

Angora mohair and great bales of cewskins and goatskins. South Africa's Big Trade. But this is only one ship and Mhers are leaving every few days. The exports of South Africa are now running at something like $375,000,000 a year, and the imports are over making a total carrying trade of more than $625,000,000. All of this goes in European vessels, and the greater part of the freight is paid to the Germans and British.

The good? are sent to Europe, and many are then transhipped to the United States. We are the best customers for the diamonds and the ostrich feathers, and many of the skins find their way to our tanneries. An American Bank Needed. We should have steamships arid banks of our own through which to lo our business without paying toll to London. As it is now the banks of South Africa are operated with British capital, and they are all yielding big dividends.

The Standard Bank of South Africa pays 17 per cent and the Natal Wank made a clear profit of $500,000 last year on a capital of About the lowest interest in Johannesburg Is 8 per cent, and one-eighth of 1 per cent and more Is charged on remittances abroad. There are several thousand American citizens living and doing business in South Africa, and an American Bank of Jo-hanesburg with $5,000,000 capital ought to be able to pay a dividend the first year. Our Trade With South Africa. 1 believe that our trade with South Africa could be greatly increased. At the time of the war it ran up as high as thirty-eight million dollars per annum, and is now something like eighteen million dollars more.

In 190S it was almost twenty millions, and there is a prospect of a conlderable increase. The country is now having hard times, but there are signs of Improvement, and at present the various colonies are purchasing a quarter of a billion dollars' worth of foreign goods every year. The Transvaal is taking almost ninety millions, Natal buys forty-five millions. Orange River Colonies eighteen millions and Cape Colony ninety millions and. more.

American goods are popular in South Africa. Our foodstuffs are found everywhere. I saw California fruit Alaska salmon and Ohio oatmeal on sale In, Salisbury. Rhodesia. I ate Chicago canned beef at Victoria Falls on the Zambesi and rode inan American buggy about Kimberley.

During my stay at the diamond mines Mr. Alpheus Williams, the manager of the De Beers syndicate, showed me a telegram stating that 150 brood mares and four asses had just been shipped to him from the United States. He says the American mule is largely in South Africa, and that he has now about two thousand of them, which came from Mississippi, employed In the mines. American mules are used in Johannesburg. I saw them in Zanzibar, and they are gradually tramping their way into Rhodesia.

A great many were brought here at the time of the war, and, they proved so good that more are wanted. Mr. Williams expects to breed mules on the diamond company farms near Kimberley. His asses, by the time they arrive at Cape Town, will cost him a thousand dollars apiece, and the fifty brood mares will cost altogether about forty thousand dollars. American Machinery.

I find American machinery used in nearly alt the South African mines. Baldwin-Westinghouse electric locomotives drag the blue ground containing the diamonds out of the great pipes at Kimberley, and American pumps keep the mines dry. While walking through the works One of the American managers showed mo an engine used for pumping which had a geared wheel. fhirtv feet in diameter. "That engine," said he, "has the biggest wheel of the kind In tho world.

It was designed by a known engineer named Seymour, when he was in Africa, and the plans and specifications were sent to Simpson the celebrated engine builders of England. They thought -the job too big for them, and we then forwarded the nlans to Frazer Chalmers of the United States. They made the wheel for us, and it Works like a charm." In the Transvaal gold mines a great part of the machinery comes from the United Staes. The Rand brought worth of new engines, drills and other machines in 1905, and a jrreat deal of it was sent from New York to Southampton and thence down to Cape Town. All of the diamond drills used are made in America.

No mine is started until the ground has been tested by a "bore-hole" drilled through a thousand feet or more ot rock. This drilling is done with, a disk studded with rough diamonds which cuts Its way downward with a rotary motion; carrying the core in its interior. The drill-is raised from time to tlm and tho core is examined for indications of gpld. So far there are no British drills at work on the Rand, and these drills, which each cost from $5,000 to $25,000, are all bought from It used to be that we sold grefat of picks, shovels and urider- yi tiro Illinois Leads in Number of Divorces, 82,209 Having Been Granted in Tliat State In Last Twenty Years Texas Leads Southern States With Sooth Carolina the Only State Showing No Divorces. The United States census bureau has completed a compilation.

of statistics of marriage and divorce covering a period of twenty years, from 1887 to 1906, Inclusive. The largest number' of divorces granted in any State was Illinois, with 82.209; Ohio granted Indiana, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania. Massachusetts, Maine, 14,194. The smallest of the Nrth Atlantic division being Vermont, with 4.740. In the Southern States Texas led with 62,655, followed by Kentucky and Tennessee with more than 30,000 each; Virginia with 12,129, and Delaware with, only 887.

South Carolina is the -only State in the Union showing absolutely none, no divorces being granted there for any cause. The total number of marriages recorded during the twenty years from 1887 to 1906, inclusive, was 12,832,044. The number annually reported Increased from 483,069 in the year 1887 to 853,290 in the year 1906. The increase year by year was by no means uniform. The marriage rate is quickly responsive to changes economic conditions.

A small increase for 1893 and an actual decrease in the succeeding year reflect the influence of the panic of 1892. and normal conditions do not appear to have been restored in the matrimonial market until the year 1899. It is computed that if the average annual increase in marriages during five years ending with 1892 had continued for the next six years, the aggregate number of marriages contracted during the latter period Would have been greater than it was by 259,813. It is to be presumed that considerable number of persons in this large total never contracted marriage. This suggests a loss to the community heretofore little considered in connection w'ith periods of financial depression.

Marriage Rate. The marriage rate in the United States in the year 1900 was 93 per 10,000 population. Based upon the adult unmarried (single, widowed or population, the rate becomes 321 per 10,000. indicating that in each year something over 3 per cent of the unmarried adult population marry. The marriage rate based on the total population is higher in the United, States than in any other country for which reliable -statistics are available.

But taking the marriageable population as the basis that is, the population which is of marriageable age, but no married the rate in the. United States is not as high as.it is in Hungary, is about the same as It is in Saxony, but is still higher than in any of'the other countries included the" comparison. Nearly One pillion Marital Failures. The total Uiumber of divorces reported for the 'twenty years, 1887 to 1906, inclusive, was 945,625. For the earlier covering the twenty years, 186-7 -to 1886, inclusive, the number reported was 328,716, or hardly more than one-third the number recorded in the second twenty years.

At the beginning of the. forty-year period, covered by the' two investigations, divorces occurred- at the rate of a year; at the end of that period the annual number was about 66,000.. This increase, however, must be considered in connection with increase in population. An increase of 30 per cent in population between the years 1870 to 1880 was accompanied by an increase of 79 per cent in the number of divorces granted.In the next decade. 1880 to 1890.

the population increased 25 per cent and divorces 70 per cent, and in the following decade, 1890 to 1900. an increase of 21 per cent in population was accompanied by an increase of 66 per cent in the number of divorces. In the six yeas from 1900 to 1906, population, as estimated, increased 10.5 per cent and divorces 29.3 per cent. It thus appears that at the end of the forty-year period divorces were increasing about three times as' fast as population, while in the irst decade. (1870 to, 1889) they increased only about two and two-thirds as fast.

The divorce rate per 100.000 population increased from 2 in 1870 to 82 in 1895. In the former year there was 1 divorce for every 3,441 persons and in the latter year 1 for every 1,218. Since it is only married people can become divorced, a more significant divorce rate is that which i based, not upon total population, but Upon the total married population. Tho rate per 100.000 married population was 81 in the year 1870 and 200 in the year 1900. This comparison indicates that divorce is at present two and one-half times as common, compared with married population, as it was forty years ago.

A divorce rate of 200 per 100.000 married population is equivalent to 2 tJr 1.000" married population. Assuming that 1,000 married people represents 500 married couples. It follows that in each year 4 married couples out of every 1,000 secure a divorce. This does not mean that only 4 marriages out of 1.000 are terminated by divorce. The rate, it will be noted, is an annual rate, continuously operative, and cjmes far short of measuring the prollabllity of ultimate divorce.

The available data indicate, however, that not less than 1 marriage in 12 is ultimately terminated by divorce. Divorce rates appear to be much higher in the United States than in any of the foreign countries for which statistics relating to this subject have been obtained. Jfives Obtain Twice as Many Divorces as Husbands. Two-thirds of the total number of divorces granted in th. twenty-year period covered by this investigation were granted to the wift.

Without any reference to the question of which party Is the more frequently responsible for the marital unhappiness that leads to divorce, it may be safti that the wife has a legal ground for divorce more frequently than the husbafid; that Is to say, there are certain well-recognlcd and comparatively common grounds that are more readily applicable as against the husband than asagainst the wife. Notably there is "neglect to provide" or non-support. Which, for the husband seeking divorce, is hardly am available although- the present investigation found six cases in the State of Utah in which the husband obtained a divorce on that ground. Cruelty, although not infrequently the ground for divorces granted to husbands, is more generally existent as a cause for the wife's seeking a divorce. Five divorces for cruelty are granted the wife for every one granted to the husbands -7 Causes of Divorce.

The most common single ground for divorce is- desertion. This accounts for SS.9 per cent of all divorces (pe-rled 1887 to 1906;) 49.4 per cent, or almost orie-half of those granted to Frank G. Carpenter. ground rails to the miners. This market has been largely captured by Sheffield and Birmingham, as has also that df the compressed air drills used to make hole for the blasting.

Of late yea'-s the Germans have been gradually working their mining into the Rand. They have their agents at Johannesburg, and they are even Investing in mining stock, hoping to be able to influence the various companies in favor of German machinery. still have the lead in rock drills and rock breakers, and as a rule our engines seem best fitted to get out the gold. Railroad Materials. Within the next few years there promises to be a big opening here for railroad materials.

New lines hae been projected and are building in many parts of the continent. The Cape to Cairo road, which has already been extended to more than two thousand miles north of Cape Town, is now to be pushed on to the copper mines of the Belgian Kongo, and another branch will soon be built to Lake Tanganyika. The Lomito Bay road, which is building from Angola, on the Atlantic, to the Kongo Free State, will be about twelve "hundred miles long, so far only about two hundred miles of it have been completed. There is a new road building in Nyassaianu, and the Germans are extending their trunk line from Dar es Salaam toward Lake Tanganyika. Bridges are needed for these roads, and the United States ought to furnish them.

During my stay in Uganda I went over the twenty-seven big viaducts which we shipped there and put up. They are as solid as when they were built, and American railroad materials and bridges have thereby acquired a good reputation. In the Sudan I saw Baldwin locomotives carrying the traffic on the new road from the Red Sea to the Sudan, and there are some American cars in use in South Africa. The prejudice is strongly in favor of English-built locomotives, but the quickness with which supplies can be furnished from the United States is a great, point in favor of American orders. As to lumber for the roads in the way of ties, much of that is now shipped from the United States.

In and about the Kimberley mines there are 150 miles of track laid with American rails and the ties are of California redwood exported from San Francisco. A great deal of Oregon pine comes to South Africa, and all the water used in Cape Town flows through' iron pipes made in the United States. Uncle Sain oa tlie Farms. I find Sam -in evidence on the African farms. His agricultural implements are in use from the Zambesi to Cape Agulhas, and his farm wagons are to be seen on the highlands of British East Africa and Uganda.

The firt wagens were brought Into that region from- Wisconsin by an American millionaire named McMillan, Who has a ranch near Nairobi. They worked so well that other planters have imported them, and they are now the most common wagon of that Dart of the world. In Rhodesia many Illinois plows are Used, and in Cape I saw our threshing machines and mowers and reapers. The Canadians are competing with us as to harvesting machinery, and small farm tools are being now shipped to South Africa from England and Germany. The American windmill is in use almost everywhere.

The most of southern Africa is high and dry, and pumps are needed for irrigation and other things. Many of the mills come from Chicago, but "some are from Indiana and elsewhere. Cape Colony is sapidly becoming a fruit-growing country, and it needs machinery5 for spraying and handling its crops. Some of the orchards are large enough to have narrow-guage electric lines in them, and on many the fruit Is moved to the stations by means of cars drawn by mules. Bicycles and Automobiles.

South Africa is a land of the bicycle, and it Is fast becoming a land of automobiles. Every town of Rhodesia and central Africa which I have visited has its bicycle riders. saw women on bicycles in Kampala, above Victoria Nyanca; the government clerks use them in Nairobi, and they are to be seen everywhere in and about Zanzibar and par es There are bicycles in Kimberley and several imes that number in Johannesburg. Many of the machines are American. They sell for about the same price as in the United States, with the freight and duty added.

As to automobiles there are quite a number in'Bulawayo, Kimberley, Johannesburg. Durban. Cape-Tow-n and Lourenco Marques. The French have imported them into Madagascar and you can get public automobiles there to take you over" the new roads which have beer, cut through into the Interior. There is a great demand for them in and about Johannesburg.

The gold mines run for about sixty miles east and west of that city, and the managers need cars to give quick access to the various properties. Among tho machines used are some from Englartd, Germany, France- and Italy, and a very 'frw from the United States. The most common automobile is a runabout suitable for climbing heavy hills. -The roads arc rough, but, few high-speed cars are used. The prices average something like $2,000, ranging from $1,500 UDward.

I am; told that there are about 800 cars in and about Johannesburg, and that some thing like-a million- dollars' worth of automobiles are orerated in the city alone. There are oveT -200-cars in Cane Town. Th Governor of Cape Colony owns a White steamer- and several light makes of American cars nro well known. There are many Eng--Hsh and French machines In use. I found a public garage at.

RulawayO, which was equipped with French vehicle, and during tour through Algeria was able to hire sueh 'autorno- lllQEMLgojjftj recursions The i f- i I' It fit il 1 1 1.