The Farmer and Mechanic from Raleigh, North Carolina • Page 2

It, THE 98 1 Mr. Richardn at Little Uir. Harnelt county, to that of Mr. si Charlotte, in easterly -direction. It would beasy, by a simpieicklng.

For i be AJTD 3IC3LL51C. The Gold Mines of North Carolina. to" obtain-ores of $50 -Value ton jojasfn Bockingruun, iticbmond exuptv, t. the' Mt. Airy Institute in Surry court Korth Carolina and was nnablt to pay titloafeas rcicetvedv education Without charge at, ita Univtrsityr This offer i still rAruie althoush theendow-mentbf thVUnivepty was swepraway by thtrieaolatl jj viatosericrftlf ii kMmuiuallyrich Galena occurs in'a ejrniccia eiaall Charlotte.

I By ti jr XIarina, to Institute, i. quantities, and is gold; latter yields an enonnooJ The gravel lalseso'lMontgoxnerfiro' attention rthe phrijtianllmeiat kiiownex-aiaple of them only a small excava tion ha been-made in the.bank jbct- Wen thiit With adieqoatesappIyf -3Cb. rand th I Frode tick Kennedy, President; to that of Ca-. The South Atlantic gold field bating ana wenae i a i reguea rH companimeht galena, i arsenic and? Mincii bjire yielded large bodies of good tain Fayette ville, to.ti.. Most tjrtmiineinons educatort recently become subject of Khool nt llaisoi's depot, on thoVir.

a brieftatement respecting tharpa XrZIJl mington and Weldon Railroad, to thj theVpuASrt of Korthf CaroUnaJs otlcoorseV thr TJaivWaityiOf tbii State afforded larg -and gratafying-, i TtElliott Brother hare recently dcbreied fine veins on their property, five miles rompnariotte, carrying of Major Clapp at Jiewton, CalrriH resuiu. county, tmd to Ansonville and tert knwn because of-itieatw'ek- 't -Uprwent- Tn "fnrti- rnuntr onlv a-few minea ern edge of Orange county; mes both -Tjrown -ore and copper-pyritear of ViUo academies milca. tent; and of the great numbef and re-' LCLU im in oocration. the most important northwest from Rdcisb, and 13 So much'fof the caro bestow)' r.t. 1 not vetleiione-toaeertain he full beinir tie lagld ALme ana me.

wuc west of IhirWUDa on iqo vu been most- explored and the larger the future husbands and fathers Korth Carolicju I Now for nV ntmibr of knbwimmea are wi 3fine i the latttx also carries copper. and references to the schools main radius of 20 or 30 miles of I axiticipationsibe realized, the copper -j On the third belt, alluded to at the The most prominent mine hitherto I trvrites will have a ready and profitable-1 twmnnincr of this article, the most Kailroad. TVf war this was one of the most famous institutions, in the United States, It has at present a and tlie 'greater nim4iisVdenta than any south of Inrinia; The tained? for their present sweetheart I I noted mine is the King's Mountain, has been the Rudisill it comprises market as fluxing and-f utttre; wives. Still foremrist lative richness of ita mines; Gold is found hero and there; in at least one-half of the Stated but the tion productive 1 on a working scale is cqnsiderably less, embracing about one-fourth of the area 12,000 wiuare miles it extends from Moore and Franklin counties the east, nearly to the Tennessee line on the west. Within these limits- may be-fouud illustrations of every mode of situated about 40 miles southwest of two parallel veins easily operated by Concord, the county seat of Cabarrus Charlotte, and near, the Atlanta Kail the same shaftswhich have an aver-; county," distant 20 miles i from Char- among these is the well known Fcinai-Seminary at Salem, which is now e4u eating girls of the fourth gneratio: road coiintryrock is limestone, Legislature of North Carolina has given lotte, is the centre of a large group of aee comomea wiatn oi ieet.

lms This" fristitution is under tlie car. mine, after standing some recently been re-opened, and new the Moravians, and is too famous and the4)re bdy is itself to.it the incomft from, the up of impure limestone, with about 3 land grant made for educational purler cent of sulphurets, etc The ore poses by the United States, and it pre-body varies from 6 to 30 feet in thick- sents several attractive and thorough levels driven from the bottom of the mmes. Amongthose with reputation are the following Phoenix Gold Mining Company, with a property -of 200 acres, on which are several most of which carry needjdescription. Of very gnat ocoirrence or gpiji placers, gravel wa.sl.ihks, 1 vH118, of oM pump at a depth of nearly tation also is tlie St. Mary Schr- at Raleigh, which, under the care of tU 300 feet.

From personal inspection, I ness and is for the most part muling courses of study for young gentlemen. streams. Within this area, too, are at ore the jgreatest depth is think the vein at this depth is of someK- copperas well as gold. Of the average what greater width than usual it richness the ore the writer cannot carries considerable amount of 8peaktfrotn ihistpersonal knowledge son of its lamented founder, is t-xjW, etl maintain its name and inflmn as a place for the culture of all nni.U n' nearly 250 feet. The ore is low grade, out the large amount available, rand nhuret.

annarently of crood grades A the facility which it is treateu, least threv' different geological forma-tions, each furnishing ores with pecu: liar The best, known mines are upon the central beitof, granite (for such it may be termed, in a general way), stretch-inff Ws the State in a N.E. and-S. Vy. dirctiohy with a width of 10 to 25 miles the. totynsi.of; Greensboro and has enabled the mine to make a more steady return for years than any other in thU section.

The, product of the but the debris lying about points to ore of good percentage. Most, of the' veins on the above property extend to the kinds of the Vanderburg Mining Co. therjores.are similar to those of Jhe above mine The North- farrier, the South and the Middle Barrier proxi- small percentage -of copper is found in the The records of the i past 'yield of the mine are defective, but it is credited, by psrsons familiar with its history, with a production of The old Charlotte jMine, to. tha north of the abopne, has boon worked to the mine is estimated at. $750,000.

I kThe.Uon. Kemp P. Battle is the President. Besides the President there are nine Professors, who have at their comma ud well furnished libraries, laboratories and museums, The Legislaruro of North Carolina lias also provided means for the maintenance of a Normal school. This has been taught during the summer vacation of the University, and in its rooms.

All of these instructions to teachers 'are given without charge to its pupils, and have been furnish ed? by the most accomplished Normal school professors that could be secured. The school for is same depth Jthe production was large, mity to and ad joinin The Crowder Mountain Mine, about four miles distant, has also large bodies of ore, but they i have been too little worked to justify any assertion of their value. On the High Shoals propert" (to the 'northwest of the Kings. Mountain Mine) are. three mines Long -Creek, The Carson Mine, to the southwest the Caluornia Uo.

property. of the has a wide vein and i The, Reed Mine on Jlocky. superior ore. Near by 6 are; the Sam about 5 miles northeast of tCharlotte, Taylor and the Icehour is chiefiy )f hisorc importance. Gold 187 1 lasted six weeks and was attended Tne extension oi xne rtuaism mme nere iisw tmu ior a ito the south is met with on the plan i erioxl of more, than .50 years it con? Asbury.

and Dixon, or High anoais. by more than 200 scholars. TheUhi-From all -of these, in. past years, the Versitv and its Normal school while it- has inen tmuedrto.be rproUfic of large nugcrets I iio Kpn larra. Recently controlled hv relicrious men are' entire- tation 1 of Mf Howell some fine specimens.

native from lb; to they, have been re-opened, and pre-. iy without bias from clesiastical or the- -the-vein was worked to the pactions for reworking have been On B. F. Wilson's plantation Charhttei beiug pearly on its axis this area, regarded, by geologists a4 oldest xh the North Aineritn; continent, To the-east is a large body of slates, generally with a width vary ing -f rom 50 miles this region alsovabnmds- in mines; but it has been fless. explorM.

the west is a stil larger up for the most part; of gneissoid jand schistose format-tiops, and extending nearly or quite to the Tennessee border this area, too has a larger number of mines, but the most valuable, deposits are placers and gravej u-rr; EAfiliY. HISTORiY OF GOLD MINING, j. It highly probable that gold was mined in Uiis' State an early as the Revolutionary, but; only in a small way) by washing beds, of streams in but one cast have 1 heard of a tradition of-' vein: that early southeast, is an unusually promising rdepthof 90 feet ly graces, Near neighbor toSt. Mary is. tlie Raleigh; Baptist Female Smi nary which is commanding a lar', patronage from that numeious and in fluential body of citizens.

The lYa. Institute at Raleigh needs no prake in North Carolina. The fact that it- pupils reefcived, by a unanirmms Cision of the judges at the last St fair the prize for excellency in prod a. lions of art is sure proof that a far the Peace Institute is responsible our homes will be in future as. elegant and as comfortable as they have Ik In the past.

The Female Collgt m. Greensboro, under the care of Conference for North an-lina, gives the public the highest juir anteesthat the education it gives Ual! that parents and guardians can dt ir. Besides these seminaries which hav more or less, denominational sanct i' i. 'in their management and instructjoji-, there are several private eta1li-lr men ts which afford excellent tunities for the education of euiah while surrounded with all i the mHu-ences that pure religion and cultivat. taste can Such are tluSoin-naries at Murfreesboro, in Hertford county; the school of the Mies Nal and Kollock, in Hillsboro; the Charlotte Female Institute under the can-of, the Rev.

Mr. Martin, a graduate of the University of Virginia; thel Hinwu-ton Female College at Sfatcsville, under the care of Miss Mitchell and herstV vigorously pushed, and good bodies of Deriominationalism in the collegiate miUing ore have been nncoyered- 5 Leducation of young men is represented vein, unworked as yet i it extends to ll. McDonald plantation. i The. High Shoals property, About Salisbury, 40 miles north of groups of mines, but none of them have attracted the at--tention which they The has little personal acquaintance The Clark Mine is acout one mile west of the This1 mine has these mines are, is worthy of a parsing on other It is, tract of 44000 acres, ia traversed by two and.

is quite in North Carolina for the Baptists by Forest College on' the Raleigh and Gaston RaUroad 16 miles from Raleigh, and by the Collegiate Institute mt on -the 'Wilmington-and Weld on' Railroad for the Methodists borne' a good reputation. i with them, and is to dismiss them with a bare allusion. near a third. It comprises several iron Still further north on the granite i ne uaviason mine, or group oi mines, one and a half miles west of Charlotte, furnished ant abundance of ore down to the water line when abandoned the ore 'was said to have it ablastur College, 5 miles souths of and -a roiimg fr Ats jHigh Point, on the North Carolina belt; from, Lexington to Greensboro, there are many mines. The McCul-, lies in its unrivalled watjer; I rRailroad, and Rutherford College at periods The dikuvery of -the famous Deen of S00 graae, out too retractory iocn? jacKs -ana me iiinusay, masje power (that i of the south fork, of tlie.

Station, 16 miles east 'of Mor- a vein about one mile long. The to -be profitably worked with the -ap 28 1 nugget at the Reed Mine, in ganton, on. the- iWestem North Caro Mc.Culloch gave gold, and copper Catawba river) the faU is 23 feet, and the discharge 200,000 gallons per min- ute. Rarely does one tract combine so Cabarrus county, occurred l7t)9, but. i lina Railroad, and I byyadMh' College 25 miles north of for the Presbyterian-by iJayidspn: College, on the Atlantic, Tennessee and Ohio Rail regular operations wfere prosecuted only some yearsj after by theyear 1825 the Carolina gold mines had become well known at the North and abroad, A Legislative.

Report of ,1830 puts the ascertained prcduction at 500,000 per pliances of 20 years ago. -1 Similar statements may be- made of tlie Trotter Mine, to the southwest of the Clark. This mint is cut by -the Atlanta Railroad. The Capps Mihe, miles west of Charlotte, is another of the great mines of this section, and has yielded even more liberally than the Rudisill. The greatest depth -reached vis 200 many advantages, Other mines in Gaston county are the Oliver, the Rhodes, the Rhyne, Duffle and the Burrell Wells The Cansler and Shuf ord Mines are in Catawba county.

I 1 road, 20 miles north of Charlotte for the Lutherans, by the 'North -Carolina ore -of a very high I The.Fisher BU11 Mine about five miles south Of Greensboro, has a very flat vein, but the ores are reputed good. The Hodges Hill Mine, in this vicinity carries copper pyrites. rr. Ten miles south of Greensboro is the Gardner Hill Gold Mining Co. There are several veins on this property with College, 12 miles east of Concord, in ter, whose names assure North Caro annum.

.1 lius ifar work had been done Cabarrus county, and for, the Friends linians of great thoroughness in teaching and carefulness in discipline; th-. Vein mining, in the mountains has 1 by the New Garden College, 6 miles only on placer exhaustion of mines, but the speedy these compelled the ores of gold and latter of been little followed, the veins( rarely beiner of anv size'- that would I yield a Seminary at Thomas ville, on the North miners to liunt the veins whicli had Carolina Railroad; that at in Franklin countv; the school of -Mr- There are two converging veins, one of which, at its. north enoV passes into another property, and is. known as the McGinn Mine. Both veins are and strong, and have given superior Amis on her farm near Sassafras V.rk.

I been the source of such riches. The large nuhiber of veins found put entirely new conditions to'-this now', important industry. Neither the Circumstances nor knowr in rah ville county, and the school high grade. On the SLdfte Belt the. more important mines are or in Union county and 22 miles southeast of Char-1' lottei r-This mine with two exceptions been more extensively worked than any mine in North Carolina the greatest depth; reached havingbeen Miss Scales, at Riedsville, on the Pi mont Railroad.

west. of Greensboro. These colleges are of high grade and have. Presidents known to the' public who are as" sisted by faculties worthy of confidence. The classical schools for boys which are tinder the control of private persons are numerous.

Some of them are among the best in our Conspicuous among "them the Bingham School," which is now managed by the third generation of Binghams," and. has always been most favorably known profitable return. The Baker Winej on John's river, in Caldwell county, is an exception, and the Nichary Mine near, by, has acquired some reputation. Gravel and placer mines, however have been worked more extensively, here.than in any other part of the State, The most noted localities- are in Brin-dletown, Brackettown, Whitesides and iTamestown, in McDowell andRutherford Sandy, Plains and Paco- Besides these private schools ih are excellent public wimv of then, assisted by thcPeal)ody fun in GreensboroRaleigh, ore. it is not worKea ax, present.

The McGinn. Mine is one of the few mines of this section now in operation, and is at present; in The north end of the" vein has yielded a high grade of copper ore, while the south end is for the-most part surifer-ous iron pyrites The ore bodies at present are of unusual width and of igood grade the assays of it have been 300 feet, nearlyi No, record, of lae Newbern, ledge Lnor skijll of that period were' favorable! to operations planned on a scale, or, with aims such as we now witness in Our'tWestern territories had they been so ne entire industrial con- dition -of the jstate would have been completely changed to this day nearly all mining work has-been of the most desultory, character The veins were worked generally farmers, who spent their odd time in these enter-f using; their slaves (otherwise Southern Agriculture. amount extracted: is now 1 Mine is, two miles east of the Howie, and the Wishhington a little to north, and near by is the Fifteen miles nearly, southeast of Charlotte occurs an interesting group liiy ooion ivoninson, Agr.cnuurai tanur let River, Polk county Fairfield Valley, Jackson county, Yalleytown, and, Vengeance Creek, Cherokee The Gap Creek Mine, in Ashe conn-, ty, has given some remarkably beautiful ores, rich in copper, gold and me new lonf 'inonne. 411 Until within the last few year Very flattering, ji The Dunn Mine, nine miles west of Charlotte, has three Veins, one carry- as teaching thoroughly and disciplining with vigilance and wisdom." It is situated at MebanevilW on the North Carolina Railroad, 10 miles west of Hillsboro. There is at Hillsboro a Military Institute which, has ample accommodations for a large number of i stu- The -pupils from this school most remarkable condition of ance nas prevailed throughout in irig copper the Hill, Davis, unoccupied) as miners the waste at- States in reirard to the a.rr.- silver.

It has reached the depth of 40 4 tending such culture or the S5outhern or The Stephen Wilson Mine is nearly Lesaiid Phiffer-the latter, having nine miles west of -Charlotte it is on 'yielded; enormously rich pockets. random work was enor-ores were abundant and me States. And even now it is luir mous, but as It is one of a group of mines, but the havp alwavn nrnvml that )iAir(incfm: I toonvinne the averai7- YankNi nnr. 1 rich, and easily and cheaply treated ja property of 340 acres there are 10 I I-. mat a Dorson aiwav accustomfi i there was no incentive to economy.

the vigorous climatq of the New The military Institute at Charlotte is When- the. permanent line was land States, or the most Northern fc the West could live and la Fifteen miles east of Charlotte is the Stewart Mine, hos given rich ore galena and blonde is frequently found with the ore. 4 Ingand.Gf oweli Mines, in Cabarrus and Union have more ii rv another male academy of a high grade reached generally at the depth of 40 others have never been explored. Prior to the war the old fashioned Carolina gold mill was the chief machinery relied on for milling, and with 'attention to the details of its1 work did 'well nothing equal, to it- has since 'been After the war the through, the summer months. at which at present receives the constant well-dehned vems The only vein worked runs in an east and west direction (the veins of this country course N.E.

and S.W. usually), and has yielded a large amount of ore, some of it of exceptionally high grade, The Frazieiv Hipp Todd, and some other mines are near by. The South upon a farm, or in any care of its accomplished Superinten where he 'would be expose! to ii" dent, Major Thomas, surrounded by I man some oi wnicn carry direct rays of the sun. copper and lead. as well as gold an aoie corps 01 assistants; mere is WHITE LABOR.

A sort of hallucination pn-vaii' Gold toll Mine, in Rowan county. Calif omia stomp, battery was generally, also a eood military academy at Wil- to 60 feet tlje ore changed to refrac- tory sulphutets, and as expensive pumping and hoisting machinery was necessary, and as all operations needed to be contir uous, the work, as then; conducted, ceased to be profitable, and. mine after mine was discontinued the larger number abandoned to this day. A The five years preceding tha war wit Todd is now actively at work and, as 15 miles from Rikhi'AinA substituted, but witii an exception here mington. The brothers Horner have I during the reign of slavery that is.

reported, results, there become associates of their father at hia in 1842 and has been more extensively. efficient. Hereafter the prosperity "of but 6laves ever did any farm LJ that a white man could jiot th exposure that the planters" well known, academy in Oxford, and so are likely to share in his fame and wofeu. vnau- any, mine ine state only two tjoL ib jrems aVe proved, of wpilcef. vahie-the Earnhardt and being a large, amount of valuable "ore onthedump; The Kerns or Hopewell Mine, ll miles inorthwest of Charlotte, pur mines will largely depend on metals lurgical establishments whether these will employ -mechanical, chemical, or their summer days in the cool rf-c'' Of their magnificent mansions, wit-1' influence.

S. W. Hughes has 'for the Barnhardt, the being ex- many years maintained an excellent' negro to fan them and bring cold wa.c. from the sprine while the nesseda revival; of mining; mdustry, and a real progress yas made towards smelting methods, or a combination of iron and copper pyrites" containing I ploited to a depth more than 700 school on his farm near Cedar Grove i 1 'a rf them, is, as yet, niattir of conjecture. a mastery-pf, the methods, pf dealing gold the copper is frequently present; I feet, and pre of fan: quality has been mues north 01 ttiusboro.

The Finley The three Points JfXliarlPtSalis- High Sdipol at Lenoir, in Caldwell with sulphujrets in an economical and in such proportion as to make it a val bury and Greenisbbroare conveniently county, 18 miles north of Hickory found to its; very lowest point a small per cent Wf is an almost invariable The'large bodies of ore have alloWjed-this mine more than 20 of continuous and. for Station, on the Western North Carolina Railroad, has for several years situated to accommodate their respective sections, and the railroad system of the State" is 'now- sufficiently ex- thorough manner. But the all-absorbing issues of thai struggle diverted all efforts in ths direction, and at its close but; one mitie was in operation, and eniy ihi fitful manner. The. dependence of the country; here the most part, profitable work During tended affd Mt facities tor ship- uable smelting ore.

The Ferris Mine, five miles northeast of is another example the copper bearing veins of this It has been worked to a depth of 90 feet; the ore is largely brown oxide, with iron pyrites and frequent masses of copper pyrites the latter is admirably adapted to smelting many been a notable and successful candi. date for public favors. Mr. Fetter for many years professor of Greek in the etc! tue war wuik was suHDenuea. ana RinrA 1 Charlotte; N.

Dec 27, 1877 the surrender -sthe operations have. whites spent their time in luxury-' laziness, in such shady spots as nat' provided for. that class, who couS upon hog and hominy," witlw- labor. The rough experiences Uie -solders during the war dispelled a vr tion of that hallucination, but enou. still remains to convince thousan d1 Northern farmers, who desire a -in ii climate, that, farming is utterly impracticable fprthem anywhere of the Potomac.

It was to the inu.r of planters to keep up this vi; while slavery continuea, that it appear that slavery was a that cotton, sugar and rice could be produced by slave labor, anl but negroes could work in fields in all the Southern States. Yankee farmers have proved by yta of experience that they can do re farm work in a year in Southern rr from lack capital been top desultory University of North Carolina, has a school of. good repute in Goldsboro, while one of his sons teaches in Oxford and another at Jackson, in North to do jusUc ta this fine property. The after will be on deep lying ores con-j gaining. 15 to 30 per cent sulphurets, 1 mainly iron pyrites; occasional bunches of, copper pyrites are foiihd in a large number and is sometimes present in proportions large enough to be smelted for copper alone, though samples of its ores have- assayed very production of Gold Hill has been at high.

least The the Henderson, the Mc- Ten nailes hprth of Gold: Hill is Sii- ainpton county." it would take too much time and Ginn, the Chapman and the Dunn are ver Hill, notable as being the only lead space to enumerate and describe all Brief Review of the Bducational Institutidns of North Carolina. 1 North Carolina has al way s'bad good schools. While coloniste. North Caro linians were anxious to secure for tieir chfldren the best, lucatibnJ olT the time's, and one of their complaints against xthe. Royal Government was that it interfered with liberty of conscience ih imposing on the 1 Colony teachers whomthe peopledisliked and in any rationally conducted treatment I parallel, but at some distance apart the good classical schools North the Henderson and the Chapman are the contents in gold silver are im Carolina, so we can only5 refer to that mine in North Carolina thus far deemed workable the lowest -wortings are more than 000 feet in depth.

The ore is argentiferous galena, with a large per cent pf blende. There are other of the Rev. Mr. Horner at Henderson, Kiona wnere thfi crrouna is well reputed. The Hunter, the Crosby, Vhe Rogers and the Pioneer, Mills are from 12 to 17 on the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, to that of Mr.

Wilkinsonat Tarboro, to that of Dr. Lewis at'Kmstonl in Le ever frozen or whitened with than they ever could upon their (r ern farms. portant enough to give a good margin ol; profit, Frpm a large numbep of analyses made by 3the writer from ores of every -variety and from numerous mines, it may said that there is hardly one which will not yield ores miles nearly east of Charlotte, the last localities near Silver Hill which pro- wiree carry copper pynies.m ponsiaer 1 mise yjeiu ore a simuar cnarac- auu reiusmg 10 let it nave sucn in- noir county, tp that of CoL Lee, near aoie, Quantity. -me aeons about. the ter.

stitutions as, it The first con- Asheville, in Buncombeand to that of rf The Stato- of North Carolina rarigm mneerillsis eve ihere copperi tof and! stitutioh of the State that adopted in ixx. vauM uiaiueTiue, ZO Xnat Of Mr. I m(uu kiia to the probability are known to abound, in the.f 1777 required the Legislature to main- per ton, and. not unf requently pockets I bearing and points tain one or more Universities wherein the highways of commerce. Utile has all useful iearnme rnieht be nromoted that tlie ore.

was of good grade as to copper contents. fv lr (. The Ray, rthe, Rea, the, Bane, the Stinson, Maxwell, Johnson and the Harris Mines are 7 i 10 miles from of ore are met with; which will for weeks average 50 per ton, but by far the greater quantity of ore mined will not reach fhe half of this were our jnjiies running tip to their capacities, been one-ui pf expjqration. the youth of the State be educated TrontisatMp proper legislation, for giving to the Russel Mines are the, at a. moderate cost.

For many Vears 'Tennessee and' OHftnwi chanicsand laborers an any vonnp man whn a nihVa o4.il: vi i only ones of more than local import- w. i ui iiiu oiuickviiie. to ihnr Ai i.