The Weekly Standard from Raleigh, North Carolina • Page 1

PUBLISHEji WEEKLY, BY i fia VOlAjME 'NUMBER TOE THE PKESKflVSD WlLLlAHWnOIiDEIV EDITOR JLXD PROPRIETOR: PER ANNUM, PAYABLE A Jf) nati, and New Orleans Boston, New York, Balti TERMS November, 1840 1 all which have been Jong Since i ratified. Jet us observe' the effect upon pur trade with Texas, of her introduction into the fami as the entrepoa of such a trafnk' What English manufacturers will do, by an organized system of fraudulent invoices and penury, to evade our d-ties, was proved in the late investigation in New York. British courts, also, 'have refused to notice offences against our revenue laws; and the high authority of Sir William Blackstone has been revoked, where he says, in reference to thi must have earned, us now Jook at the States hictt made these profits. By the census of 1 840, the whole number of persons employed in navigating the ocean ivjs 56,021, of. which number 42, 154 were from New England, and.9?713 from the middle States.

"And here Massachusetts stood first, and then Maine, and next, in their order, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Louisiana, and, New Jersey. In looking, also, to the States which owned the tonage employed in this; navigation, wn find, by table No. 4, from the treasury report, that the New Eng- land State's stood and then the middle States; and that the largest amount was owned by Massachusetts, and next, in their order, by New Maine, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Connecticut, and New Jersey. When we consider tb products of the'fisheries consumed, and that will he consumed, by Texas, and the tonage and crews employed in that trade, the reannexation must greatly augment our mercantile marine, and ber of tons thu consumed ia of he mines, being 355,903 tons, very tkearly orie fourth of that of the hole Coal and iron ara fcatlered' in juxtaposition, nearly the whole of arid, as the markets for her iron are augmented, in the same proportion increase the consumption Of the coal used id producing that iron. iNow, in 1840, the amount of anthracite coal produced in the whole Union was 863,489 tons of which Pennsylvania produced 859,686, or nearly the whole.

Of bituminous coal, the total product of the Union was 27,603,191 bushels; of which Pennsylvania produced 11,620,654, or nearly one-half the whole. let us observe here, also, the remarkable fact, that the three adjacent States, of Delaware, Jersey, and New Yorfcj produced ho coal, either anthracite or bituminous; and the future interest of Pennsylvania, as connected with that great anjele, becomes of transcendent importance; and this, together with iron, and the manufactures connected with thiem, is to determine the ralue of her pubnc works, and fix her future'des-tinr. Up to a certain point of density, anbagri-cultural "State, Kwith a rich soil, advances most rapidly but when' all the lands are cleared and cultivated, this augmentation ceases. It is otherwise, however, with a State possessing, through more, and Philadelphia. The city which will derive the greatest advantage, in proportion to her pupumuuu, uiiuouDieaiy ne iniisourg, not only from th wonderful extent and variety of her manufactures, but also from her position.

The same steamboat, constructed by her skilful work men, which starts from Pittsburgh at the head of the Uhio, jireightea with her manuFdCturers, can ascend the Red river for many hundred miles, into one of the most fertile regions of Texas, and return to the iron city with a cargo of coUon, there to be manufactured for sale in Texas, and other sections of the Union. The Steamboats of Pittsburg, also, can descend the Mississippi to the gulf. and, coasting along its shores to Galveston, Matagorda, and the other ports of Texas, there dispose of their icargoes of manufactures, and bring back the cotton and sugar of Texas, and also the cold and silver, which will be furnished by her mines reat aounaance, whenever taey ar worked wtth sufficient skill and capital. HttsDurg is a great western city and 'whether sh shall soon bo the greatest manufacturing city of the world. depends upon the markets of the west, and espe- ciaiiy on tne market ot i exas which, we have seen, can alone be secured by reanaexation, and, without it, must be lost forever.

And shall Pitts burg complain that new States are to be added in the West? the new States of the West have made Pittsburg all that she is, and all that she ever will be and each addition to their number will only still more rapidly augment her markets, ber business, her-wealth. and population. iNor can Pittsburg advance without the correspondent improvement of Philadelphia, and of all the great interior cf Pennsylvania, throughout the whole line of internal communication that binds together the two great cities of the Key stone State. While it is true that New England, and the middle and northwestern States, will de- rive the greatest profit directly from the reannexation of Texas, the South and Southwest, from the augmentation of the weahh and business of the North produced, not by restrictions on the South and Southwest, but in reciprocal free trade with Texas and all the States will then also find in New England, and in the middle and northwestern States, a larger and more able. purchaser, and more extensive and better markets for all their exports, jlndeed, so great will bo the mutual benefits from this measure, that 1 do not hesitate to record the opinion in ten years succeeding the reannexation, with just and fair legislation, there will be, more American cotton then manufactured in this Union than now or than will be, in England and we shall begin to look to the prices current of our own cities to regulate the market, and not to England, to raise or depress, at her pleasure, the value of the great American staple The North wants more markets at home for the products of her industry, and attempts to secure those of the South, and Southwest by the tariff while they complain that, this most certainly dc- firrsses the price of their great staple, and assure-y deprives them of lhe means of purchasing the products and manufactures of the North.

But, upon grounds undisputed by the friends or oppon ents of a tariff, Texas must furnish, as a part of the Union, in any event, a vast market for many of its products, upon the principle of reciprocal free trade among the Slates that great principle which led to the of the constitution, and -whicbhas done more than all other causes combined to advance our interest Upon the rejection of reannexation, it will be utterly impossible to prevent the smuggling of i British and foreign Js, to an almost incalculable extentj through Texas into the Upion, thus not only depriving our manufacturers of the markets of Texas but also of the markets of the whole valley of the! West This difBclty is already experienced to a small extent in Canada, although we have mostly a dense population upon our side, and located in a region of the north, generally highly favorable to the tariff and deeply interested, 'as they suppose, in detecting and preventing But the difficulty in Texas will be far greater. There, the line of division is, first the Sabine a very narrow stFeam, far different from the lakes of the North, and the great St Lawrenceas a boundary and from the Sabine, for a long distance, a mere geographical line to the Red river, along thai stream for many hundred miles, and then another long geographical line to the Arkansas, and thence many hundred miles along that stream to its source, and thence to latitude 42. Here is a boundary of fifteen hundred miles, and a very large portion of it mere geographical lines, running through the very centre" of the great valley of the Mississippi. Could an army of revenue officers, even if all were honest and above temptation, guard such a distance, and such a frontier, against the smuggler, and that too, in the midst of a population on both sides deeply hostile to the tariff; many of them regarding it as unconstitutional, and therefor that it is right, in their judgment, to evade its operation These difficulties were foreseen by Mr. Van Buren, and constitute a strong urged by him in his despatch of 1826, in favor of the reannexation of Texas.

He there urges the difficulty of establishing a proper custom-house at the. mouth of the Sabine, without which, he says, even in that direction, "it is impossible to prevent-that frontier from becoming-the- seat of an expensive system op It is true, that a custom-house on our side of the with numerous and faithful officers, might diminish smuggling in that direction but as by the treaty, now in force toilK Texas all vessels entering Texas through the, Sabine, must pass unmolested, and land their cargoes at any point on the Sabine, could smuggling be prevented in that direction? But if smuggling could be prevented through the Sabine, there is the harbor 6( Galveston, en-tirelyjn Texas, and-witha depth equal to that at the mouth of, the Mississippi and there is the riveri Trinity (emptying into that harbor) also entirely in Texas, and navigable toa point not far from Iad within the boundaries of Texas; and up and through these streams into Arkansas and Louisiana; and the valley of the-West, it would be utterly impossible to prevent smuggling. The duties upon many articles under our present tariff, range from 5Oio250 per cent -Upon India cotton bagging they amount to 250 per cent on the foreign price urrent on many 'articles of iron to 100 per dent; and upon glass, and nearly all low-priced goods aflected by the minimum there are articles introduced into Texas freeze duty, can they be kept out of the adjacent States, when th facilities and temptation to smuggling will be so very great? This smugling will be encouraged by the manu facturers of and their agents" and raer- chants in Texas, whose cities would be- bailt upr' ly be by the ed AS not yet the the be its to to is all the of To It the at ly THE NORTH CAROLINA STANDARD IS rCBLISHEB WIKKLT, IT THUEB DOLLARS TEA ANKCM, Ut ADVANCE. Those person, who remit by Mail (portage paid) Five Dollars, will be entitled to a receipt for Six Dollars, or two Tears' subscription to the Standard one copy two years, or two copies, one year. ten 1 20 VO 00 The same rate for six months- r-Any person procuring and forwarding five sab-trribers, with the cash will be entitled to iieiadard yearre of charge .1: Advertisements, not be inserted one time for One Dollar, and twenty-fir cenU for each subsequent instrtion those of greater length, in Court Orders and Judicial Ad- vertisetnents will be charged twenty-five per cent hi8hr than the above rates.

A deduction of 33 1-S per cent, will be made to those who advertise by the yeart $3- If the be Dot marked on thorn, they will be continued until ordered out. Letters to the Editormust com free of postage, or they may not be attended to. LETTEB OF Mr. WAJLKEB, OF MISSISSIPPI, Relative to the annexation of Texas in reply to the call of the people of Carroll cotfnty, Kentucky, to communicate his views en that subject CONCLUDED. us now examine the effect of the reannexa-tion of Texas on the whole country.

The great interests of the Union, as exhibited in the census of 1840, are shown in the products of agriculture, of the mines and manufactures, of the forest and fisheries, of commerce and navigation. I hereto append tables marked Nos. 2 and 3, compiled from the census of 1840, the first exhibiting the products that year of agriculture, rranufactures, commerce, mining, the forest and fisheries; and the second showing the number of persons then employed in agriculture, manufactures, commerce, mining, navigating the ocean, and internal navigation. I have also compiled from tho official report of the Secretary of the Treasury in 1840, a table marked No. 4, representing for the year preceding, for each State, the imports and exports of each, distinguishing the domestic from the foreign exports; also the number of American vessels which entered or cleared froni each State the American crews employed; the foreign vessels which entered and cleared from each State the vessels bailt in each State, and tonage owned bv each.

Table No. 5, compiled from the same report, exhibits, for the same year, our exports to each of the countries of the world, distinguishing the foreign and domestic exports, with the number of American vessels and, foreign vessels employed in our trade with each country, together with the imDorts from each, and the excess in our trade with anv of them, of exports to over'-imports from therq- TableNo- .6 compiled from the same report, presents all the exports jaf our own products that year to Texas, ranged under the beai3 of the products of agriculture, manufactures, forest and fisheries distinguishing the articles thus exported, and their value. With these facts be- fore us, which are all official, let us proceed to the examination of this great question. Our chief' Agricultural exports to Texa, as the table shows, were pork, ham, bacon, lard, beef, butter, cheese, flour, bread, and bread stuff, amounting to In looking at the census of 1840, the population of each State and section, and the amount of these products in each State, we will find that the chief surplus of these products raised for sale beyond their limits, were in the middle States, composed of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, including the District of Columbia; and in the northwestern States, composed of Missouri, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan, including also Wisconsin and Iowa. The middle and northwestern States derived, then, the principal profit in the sale of agricukural products to Texas.

In the sale of domestic manufactures to Texas, the New England States came first; and next in their order, the middle, and the northwestern States; and in looking at the principal items of which these exported manulactures to Texas were composed, I find that of the surplus produced and sold to Texas, Massachusetts stood first, and Pennsylvania sfcond. Next as to commerce, as connected with Texas, the middle States stood first, and then the New England and northwestern States; and here New York stood first, Massachusetts second, and next Pennsylvania, Maryland and Ohio. But here we must rtmark the special interest which Louisiana, through herf great port of New Orleans, has in commerce? as connected with Texas. The total products from in Louisiana in 1840 were $7,868,898, being one-tenth of that of the whole Union, and consequently the interests of New Orleans, as connected with the re-annexation of Texas most soon be measured by millions every year. The great city of New Yorjc, into which was received, in round numbers one hundred millions of the one hundred and forty-three millions of all our imports in the year Teferred to, and one-third of the exports, has a vast and transcendent interest in this question for it is, in truth, a question to be settled in our favor by the reannexation of Texas, whether New York or Liverpool shall command her kNext as to the products of mining, the middle Stiles stand first and next the Northwestern and New England States.

And here, Pennsylvania stands at the head of the list, having 817,666,146, or nearly one-half of the whole mining interest of the Union. Texas, having no mines of coal or iron, must become a vast consumer of the products of the mines of Pennsylvania. In bar-iron, and nails, and other manufactures of our iroD, Texas- imported from us, in the year referred to the value or 8120,184. Now, of cast-iron, Pennsylvania prodaced, in 1840, 98,395 tons, being largely more than one-third of the amount produced in the whole Union and next came Ohio, Kentucky, New York, Virginia, Tennessee, New Massachusetts, and Maryland. Of bar-iron, the amount produced in Pennsylvania was 87,244 tons, being yery nearly one-half of th whole produced Union; and next came New York; with 53,693 tons, or more than one-fourth of the whole and then Maryland, Ohio, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Virginia, and Connecticut As connected with her vast interest in iron, must be considered also the coal in- Pennsylvania, not only as an article of sale abroad, but as con- suraed at home, in producing her iron the I I ly of nations, bthe recognition of her ence ny piaerxiauons, ana treaties qi commerce with them thus placing her towards us in the attitude tf a foreign state.

The resolution offered by me-in the Senate of the United 'States for the recognition of the independence" of was adopted on the 2d of March, 137; and with that year commence the tables of our exports to, Texas as a new empire, inscribed on the books of the treasury. These tables, in the treasury reports of our exports to Texas, exhibit the following result: Our exports to Texas in 1837 $1,007,928 1,687,082 1,218,271 .808,296 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 u. 1843 190,604 -Jl-odj exports to Texas had augmented from 1839 to 1843, they had done from 837 to. 1839, and as they must bave donowith her great in crease of business and population, but for her be rag placed towards us, the mean lime, the attitude of a foreign state, they would have amounted, in 1843, to $3,047,000, instead of $190,000. Such has been the immense reduction in our exports to Texas, created by her recognition by other nations, and commercial treaties with them, since 1839.

But great as were our exports to Texas in 1839, they were by no means soi large as if she had then been a State of the Union for she then had, and still has, in force a tariff on imports, varying on most articles from 10 to 50 per cent, which must have prohibited some of Our exports there, and diminished others. Ourj tariff) also, did not embrace Texas, and secure to our manufactures almost a monopoly in her supply. Had all these causes combined, as they -ould have done, had Texas been a State of the Union, our exports there of domestic articles must have reached, in 1843, $7,164,139, as I shall proceed to demonstrate: I The products of Louisiana, by the census of 1B4U, were $35,044,959. of which there vas, in sugar and cotton, and of thisthere was of sugar, $4,797,908 of which sugar1, if we deduct $476,783, as consumed in the being more than double her proportionate consumption, it would leave $15,000,000 of products raised and exported by Louisiana in 1840, when her population was 352,411 and Texas, producing now in the same proportion to her present population of 200,000, would produce $19,886,360, and of exports for sale beyond her limits, $8,522.724 and deducting from this $1,258,585, the proportion of her products employed in the purchase of foreign products for-her use, would leave of the products of Texas used in the purchase of articles from other States of the Union. But if re-annexed to the -Union, in ten years thereafter, how much would she purchase of the products of other States of the Union? If we allow Texas to increase in the same ratio to the square mile as the State of Louisiana after the first census succeeding the purchase from 1810 to 1820, the popu lation, in ten years, occupying the miles of Texas, would exceed two millions and the increase in many States has been much' more rapid.

But estimated at two millions, Texas would then, according to the above proportion, consume $71,641,390 per annum of the products of other States, which consumption would be rapidly increasing every year; and her annual products then would be $198,863,600 whicp, also, would be greatly and constantly augmenting. Such is the wealth we are about to cast from us, and the home market we are asked to abandon; for when we see that, by the failure of reannexation, our domestic exports in 1843, to Texas, had fallen to and this, multiplied by ten, would give the consumption, at the end of ten years, of our products by Texas, $1,403,200, it makes an annual loss of a market for our products to the amount of and the Joss would be greater, if Texas then, as a foreign State, consumed of our exports in proportion to their consumption by lhe rest of the world, which would reduce purchase of our products to 2d0.UU0, and make our loss 1,4 per annum; ana ir we aaa to this the loss or revenue 11. 1 from the duties on imports, and the loss of the proceeds of the salts of her- public lands, estimated at $170,139,158, which would all be ours by reannexation, the national loss, by the rejection of Texas, must be estimated by hundreds of millions. Nor is it the trad of Texas only that would be lost, but that of Santa Fe, and all the northern States of Mexico, which, with the possession by us of Texas and the Del Norte, would become consumers of immense amounts of our manufactures and other products, and would pay us to a great extent in silver, which is their great staple. Texas, also," has valuable mines of gold an4 and this also would be one of her great exports, with which she would purchase our products; and thus, by her specie infused into our circulation, render our currency more secure, and subject us to less danger of being drained to too great an extent of gold and silver.

Our exports of domestic products, by the treasury report of 1840, amounted to $103,533,896, deducting which from our whole products by the census of 1840, would leave $959,600,845. of our own products, consumed that year by our own population of and the consumption of our domestic products, ($103,533,896,.) by the population. of the world; (900,000,000,) would make average consumption of $56 io value of ou? products cpri-sumed by each one bf our people, eletpn cents in value of our. products, consumed the average by each person beyond our it appear? that one person 'ivjtbjn) oujr limits consumes as much of ourtown products as 509 persons beyond, bur limits thus proving the wonder-fardifference as regards i consumption of the products of ihe JGfniorijbwee, Texas how and in all time to come, as a foreign xountry, or as a part of MsjTTnioTLTtfJiea we reflect, ajso, that the products of Texas are, chiefly of those articles among the fqw which' abroad it furnishea with he rneans to purchase, with the sprplus products of other States' wbicb; ports; ana tnereiore. tne arxessionjOiucga.coun: trvto the Union is vastlv more important to the great manufacturing' interest than if Texas.did not rafse1 such -j)orfafSeeansi attvaf producer of our own domestic manufactures.

Hence rt most be obviou, independent of the that th New; England States, the nriddle arid n6rthwrn'Sta'jswouy therincipal rtjfiV frtm'ha iea'hnexation of 1 Penn-svlvania standing first, and then Massachusetts and rNeW Ybtkl; and of the Cincin subject, "These prohibitory laws do not maka the trangression a moral ofTence, or sin the on obligation in tonscuncew fo submit to the wn- alty if levied." And such is the opinion of thousands of our countrymen and many thou sands more believe that the present tariff is unconstitutional, and hence that it is of no force or va- fidity, and that is not erimmal to disregared its provisions. However strong, then; might be my opposition to smurelinjr. there are hundreds oi- thousands, both in England and America, who be- i v. neve is not crimniai ana inwrpumoer win greatly augmented, wheriTrbbaTXree of duty, may introduced into Texas, and premiums, under our tariff, from 50 to 250! per cent art offered, to muui-c mo ijuvuiiuuic. must ccrwuuij tucn, iu refusal of reannexation will repeal the iKsarr.

the substitution of smuggled goods fy. place American manufactures the fair trader wflK ha undersold and driven out of the marktt by the il- licit trade, ana smuggling become almost univer sal, and the commerce of the country transferred from New York and the ports of the North, to free ports of Texas. This disregard of the laws, would bring the government into contempt and finally endanger the Union, if, indeed, it did not induce a degeneracy and demoralization al ways fatal to the permanence of free institutions. Nor is it necessary, to effect these results. Unit Texas should become a colony, or even a commercial dependency of England; nor yK that there should be between these powers a trrrTty of reciprocal free trader Texas fjihere' being no separate States, and bit one govrrBmrat to and' having no expense tf any rertnue system may maintain her single government at on onnu.il expense of $300,000, which sum she can, ns ir now clearly ascertained, deiive from- the sales of her magnificent public domain, embracing, bs we have seen, 136,000,000 of, acres.

Let it be known, then, and" proclaimed as a. certain truth and as a result which can never hereafter be change or recalled, that, upon the refusal of rrtnnex- ation, now and in all time to come, rni TAKirr A PRACTICAL ME ABUSE," PALLS WnOLLY AND" forever; and we shall thereafter be commpell-ed to resort to direct taxes to support the government Desirable as such a result (the overthrow only of a protective, but even of a revenue tariff, and the 4 substitution of direct taxation) might be to many irr tho South and Boutbwrst. the dread fuf ctftrspquences which would flow from this illicit traffic to the cause of morals, of Union, and of free government, cannot be contemplated without horror and dismay. Having now, gentlemen, fully, replied to your communication, let me assure you thai I shall per-servere in the use of all honorable means to accomplish this great measure, so well calculated to-advance the interests and secure the perpetuity of American Union. That Union, and all it parts, (for they are all a portion of our common country,) I love with the intensity of filial affection and never could my heart conceivr, or my hand raised to excutc, any project which could effect overthrow.

I have ever regarded the dissola tion of this Union as a calamity ecjunl to a second fall of mankind not, it is true, introducing, like the first, sin and death into the world, but greatly augmenting, all their direful influences. Such ah event it would. not be my wish to survive behold or participate in the scenes which would follow; and, among the reasons which induce ina advocate so warmly the reannexation of Texas, the deep conviction, long entertained, that thiv great measure is essential td tho security of the South, the defence of the West, and highly conductive to the welfare nod perpetuity of ins wholo Union. As regards the division of Texas into States, to which you refer, it seems to me most wisefirst to get the territory; and, when we have rescued it from England, and secured it to ourselves, its future disposition must then be determined by the joint action of 'both Houses of Congress; which, from their organization, will cide all these questions in that spirit of justice and equity in which the constitution was framed, ahJ its powers should be administered. I perceive that your meeting and your committee was composed of both the great parties which divide the country, and that you- propose that tho rcannexa- tion oi Texas snoma not te ntaue a sectioaai or a party question.

Most fortunate would bo each a result for this is, indeed, a great question of na tional interests, too large and comprehensive to embrace any party or section less than the wholo American people. Accept gentlemen of the controrRee, for your selves, and that portion of the people of the greet and patriotic Commonwealth of Kentucky whom you represent on this occasion, apd in reply to whose call upon me this answer has been givem assurances of the respect and consideration Your fellow-citizen; J. WALKER Messrs Geo. N. Sanders, Henry Rtmey, jr.

F. Bledsoe, VV. B. Lmdsay, Jatrrei P. Cox, Committee.

AFFRAY AT WE LOON. We learn that an affray occurred a few days since on the raiiroai net ween Air. uooawane. professor of Penmanship, and Mr. Jones, At lorney at Law, from Pennsylvania, which had.

nearly proved fatal to one or both' of tho appears they bad been on terns of intimacy, bad travelled and dined together. Mr. Jones mado some remarks relative to the English character which Mr. Good wane deemod personal, and replied vou have mvooiniooof this eoudtrv. and oro- duced an English newspaper in which Mr.

wane had published a letter relative-to tho United States corrnnenting on mr improvements and on enterprise of the people. Mr. Jones wt learn upon which Mr. Goodvyano replied, sir, for that veiy bngentlcmanly remark, I pronounce yoa a humbug. 1 Mr.

Jones' stepped: forward itnd whh a. clench fist struck Goodwaoa in thefkee. The Jattef, retaliated we learn, with blow right and left, which brought Mr. Jones to the ground. Mrohes on rising drew Cdirk and made a Ihruat Mr.

Good wane who saved himself by wheeling. pnncT At this moment the latter presented a pistol and shot at Mr. Jones, the ball passing through the crown of hishat Here we learn, by the time- inter position of a gentleman present, thepartiea were lOaucea io aoaauoa iar Norfolk Beat thusjenjdjle it to. Bgpply our navy whenever e-ctssajy, with an adequate number of skilful, bravej and hardy seamen, ta defend, in war, eur flag upon the sea. The number of persons employed in internal navigation, (including our lakes, rivers, and canals,) by the census of 1840, was more than one half being from the middle States, and next the States of the Northwest.

The largest number was from New York, and next, in their order, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Maryland and Missouri. Here, the States which have constructed great canals, on which are transported the exchangeable products of the Union, have a vast interest in the reannexation of Texas. Of these canals, the great works in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, are already completed and those of Indiana, and Illinois approach a completion, whilst Maryland and Virginia are pausing in the construction of their great wojrks, the value of all of which would be greatly augmented, and business increased, by the reannexation of Texas. And here let me say one worl of the Old Dominion. She borders upon the Olio, and Atlantic; and when her great works shll unite their waters by one direct and continuous canal, her connection with the West, and with Texas, as a part of it, will be most intimate and important; and through the very heart of the State would float a vast amount of commerce connected with the Ohio and the Mississippi.

And she also has other great and peculiar interests c6n nected with the reannexation of Texas. The amount of cast and bar iron furnished by her in 1840, was 24,696 tons of bituminous coal, busJlels; and of domestic salt, 1,745.618 bushels; of wheat, $3,345,783 in value; of the product of animals, "and of cotton manufactures of 'all of which articles Texas, as the table of exports shows, is a very large consumer. From thd official treasury rep rt of 1840,1 give the table No. 6, for the year commencing the 1st of October, 1838, and closing on the 30th of September, 1839, showing our commerce that i year with Texas, and all the other nations of the world. shows that the total of our exports of domestic produce to Texas that year, was and the total of all out exports to Texas that year, that the imports the same year from Texas were $318,116, leaving an excess in our favor, of exports over imports, of Thus the extraordinary fact is exhibit ed, that in tho very infancy of her existence, the balance of trade in our favor with Texas, exceeded that of each of all he foreign countries of the world tick only excepted and these two were colonies of an empire, our trade to the whole of which presented a balance of several millions against us.

Texas then, that year, furnished a larger balance of exports over' imports in our fa vor, than any other one of the empires of the world, the totality of our exports that year to Texas was greater than to either Russia, Prussia, Sweden and Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sicily, or China. It was greater also than to each of fifty- six of the sixty-six enumerated countries of the world It was gteater also than the aggregate of; all our exports to Spain, Prussia, Denmark, Italy, Sweden and Norway, -Portugal, New Grenada, Australasia, French Guinea, Sardinia, Morocco and Barbary States, and Peru combined, By table jNo. 6, it appears that the exports of our domestic products in 1839 to Texas was of the fisheries of the products of the forest of the products of agriculture $205,860 and of our manufactures $929,01. Now, by table No. 6 of the treasury report, the total exports, the same year, of the products of the fisheries to all the worlo, except Texas, was and consequently the exports of the pro ducts of the fisheries to Texas, that year, amounted to about 2 1-2-per cent of those exports to all the rest of the world.

The exports of the products of the forest, that year, to all other countries, except Tqxas, by the same table, was consequently the export of those products, that year, to Texas, amounted to 3 per cent of those exports toi alt the rest of the world. Tho.exportS of our agricultural products, (excluding cotton, rice, and tobacco,) that year, to all other countries, except Texas, (and including molasses, inaccurate ly placed the table of manufactures,) was and consequently the exports of these products that year to Texas, amounted to more than 2 per cent, of the agricultural exports that year to all the rest of the world. By the same table, the export of all our manufactures in 1839 (exclusive oi goni ana suver com; to an other countries, except Texas, was $3,21 7,562. Now, the exports of our, domestic that year, to Texas being $929,071, consequently. Texas CONSUMED OF OUR DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES, IN 1839, AN AMOUNT, IAROELY EXCEED ING ONE-FOURTH, AND NEARLY EQUAL TO ONE- THIRD OF OUR DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES EXPORTED Abroad, and consumed that- Vbar, BY ALL THE REST.

OF THE Such ar the astounding results stabh'shed, by the official report ofj the Secretary, of the: Treasury tinder date of June 25th, 1840, and to be found vol. 8 Senate documents for that year, No. 577. Such was our trade with Texas the year ending 30th September, 1839, before her independence was recognized by any other: power except by this republic, and before she, hgjt entered -Unto. commercial treaty with any other power and therefore stood to us in the relation, in many respects- as regards herj trade, as a territory torthei' Union.

Now, the treaty of and commerce between France and Texas was Signed at Paris on the 25th Of September, 1839 the treaty of amityand comraterca between Holland and Texas was sign ed at the Hague on the 18th of 840; the treat vi. of commerce, between Britain Texas" was signed "af Tendon "dtfthe out nearly every portion, inexhaustible mines of coa'l and iron, and wonderful adaptation to manufactures. There, when the soil has been fully cultivated, the development of the mines and manufactures, and the commerce and business connected with them, only fairly begins. Agri- culture is limited by the number of acres; but for the products of mines and manufactures, such as Pennsylvania has within her boundaries, there is no other limits than the markets she can com mand; and, this is not merely theory, but is demonstrated by the comparative progress of the various nations of the world. Look, then; at the great amount certainly not less than three hundred thousand dollars of the products of the in dustry of Pennsylvania, consumed by Texas her infancy, with a population of less than two hundred thousand in 1839.

and when those pro ducts we to considerable extent, excluded by the then existing tariff of Texas, and without which she certainly would then have consumed at least half a million of the products of the in dustry of Pennsylvania, had she Been a state of the Union. But in ten years succeeding the reannex-ation, at the lowest rate of progress of population to the square mile of the other new Stages, she would contain a population of two millions; and consequently consume fire millions of the products of the industry of Pennsylvania, or one-fifth of all the surplus products of the mines and manu factures of that great State, sold beyond her limits in 1840. The principal products of iexaswill be cotton and sugar, and besides the iron used in all agricultural implements, as well as in the manufactures consumed by an agricultural people, the use. of iron in the cotton and sogar mills is very great, There all the great iron apparatus and machinery connected with the cotton, gin and press, and the fion boilers and kettles and grates and Arrnarts used in the making of sugar, is 'greater than in My other employment Together with this, is the steam engine, now universally employed in making sugar, and being employed also in the ginning of cotton; and the iron that must be used by Texas, as she developes her re- sources, must be great indeed; and the question depending on the reannexation, is, whether Texas shall become a part of our home market, and whether England, or Pennsylvania and other States, shall supply her wants. There is another fact which must lead to a vast consumption of coal in Texas, and that is this: that from the banks of the Red river to the coast of the gulf, excepting only the cross timbers, and some other points, chiefly along her streams, Texas is almost exclusively a prairie country; and yet, (what is not very usual, except in northern Illinois, and some other portions of the West,) the soil of these prairies is inexhaustibly fertile.

From these causes, wood and fuel must be scarce in Texas, and the coal of Pennsylvania and other States must find a market there of almost incalculable value. We come next to the products of tho forest and here the middle States stand first, and then the New England and northwestern States. New York here stands first, and then, in their order, Mainej North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. From Olean point on the Alleghany river, in New York, and down that' stream through Pennsylvania, the lumber, that now descends the Mississippi is very considerable, and of which, including the products from the forest from other quarters of the Union, Texas already took from us, as the table shows, in 1839, to the value of The product of the fisheries of the whole Union, in 1840, was $11,996,008, of which New England produced $9,424,555, and the middle States $1,970,030 Of the products of these fisheries, Texas already took, in 1839, to the value of $43,426, which as Texas has no fisheries, must be vastly augmented hereafter. By the treasury report of 1840, as exhibited in table No 4, the number of vessels built that year i in the whole Unun 858 and here the New England Stated Stood first, and then the middle and northwestern States; and Massachusetts Was first, and then, in their order, Maine, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, phio, and Connecticut.

Now, by table No. 5, it is shown that the clearances of American vessels to, Texas, from the IL States and of entries into the United States of American vessels from Texas, was, in the whole, in 1839, 603, being two-thirds of the whole number of vessels built in that year in the U. States landourff ews employed in navigating these Ameri can vessels inns empioyeu mat year our traae with Texas were 4,727. The number of American vessels which cleared for Texas: irt 1839, was greater than to any of fifty ieveri out of sixty-three of all the enumerated countries of the: world. It.was greaterV.also, than the whole aggregate number of our vessels which cleared that year, for France, Sparry" Prussia, Sweden Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Scotland combined.

The same disproportion also exists i as regards the crews, and also in the American vessels entered the United States from Texas, and: the crews employed. The, same tables demonstrate that'of the foreign vessels which' entered the United States from Texas, in 1839, eighteen only out of 4, 105 entered our ports from Texas and sixteen foreign vessels only cledYed from the United State in. that" year for Texas, out of showing that oar trade, with Texas, in 1 839, stood nearly upon then footing of our 5 coastwise and was conducted: almost exclusively in American vessels. HariDgshown. the large number of American crews concerned in itrade 4i Texas, and the great amount of wages' they and i 4.

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