The San Bernardino County Sun from San Bernardino, California • Page 5

Monday, August 1, 1960 THE DAILY SUN A -5 STUDENT RIOTS EXPECTED PROCEDURE MANY PLACES ish feudal system in which peasants were only spectators. By JOHN ABXEY The 'Copley Newt Service Latin American school boys have achieved a certain prominence. Student riots have become an expected procedure as well as a source of speculation. Panamanian youngsters fought In most Latin nations, the students harbor a smouldering distrust of government authorities, especially where a ruling parry has been In power for many years. The students are clamoring for NEWS OUR reforms that will bridge the gap between social classes.

heated battles in an effort to plant their flag in the U.S.-controlled Canal Zone. In Bolivia, they stoned the U.S. Embassy. More recently, Mexican students staged riotous demonstrations and They frequently try to break channels of influence with the United States, which they feel en -f Z. (v i ables their own ruling groups to burned an American flag while suggesting that Uncle Sam leave Cuba alone.

Students in Nicar (It maintain an almost permanent control. Conservative Latins want to preserve existing systems and build agua also burned a U.S. flag, These are only a few of many on them. The liberals believe dras incidents. tic changes are needed.

In their opinion, commercial and diplo They give rise to the inevitable vf 7'i' rv77 'fit, If matic relations with the United States, although effective several decades back, are outdated. Among the most common charges against the United States are complaints that we supply question Why? The underlying reason for these riots seldom can be found In a news report, although the report may be entirely honest. One of the handiest explanations, and the one most generally accepted, Is that trouble is being promoted by Communist agitators. leW arms and military equipment to ruling parties who cooperate with us in the field of commerce, thus giving them the means to continue Disorder Breaking Out in Many of Colombia's Cities Red organizers do have a hand much of the rioting. But even these professionals need an ap propriate working climate: a sit in power.

While virtually all Latin nations hold elections, ballot counting often is ridiculed as a farce by opposition parties. And when voting appear to be merely a ritual to cover what the public believes is a "fix," the basis for trouble Is laid. uation of unrest. By WALDEMAR BELIX)N The Copley Newi Service BOGOTA, Colombia It was noon and Bogota's streets were crowded with office workers on their way to lunch. cheered, probably not so much because of what the man said but because of the frustration of the authorities.

Little incidents like this are oc Latin America is a frontier land. Expanding economies in re lii in iiiiin i iii Ill iinf' Miiir mm inn nn '-lr mi' cent years have brought better liv a a irrii inrnttr mi ji ai fi ing and new automobiles to a Then a young man, bearing a burning torch, began climbing up y. AxxivtYjLi cj viiiW mis is an aerial picture 01 me avenue 01 me neroes in Caracas, tenezuem. (Grace Line photo) curring here and in other large Colombian cities. The acts are minority.

In these instances, U.S. backing of the recognized government oft But despite the hemisphere's to the cornice stone of a public building. LEADER OF OLIGARCHY Anticipating trouble, a police en leads to criticism and anti-American riots. At the same time, Uncle Sam is placed on a Curfew Order tremendous potential, there is a growing concern for the future among the middle and lower classes. Progress has been made man started to follow him on a ladder.

The torchbearer moved spot. It is difficult to follow a faster. When the policeman tried but living costs have soared. Rel to grab him, he gestured menac atively few from the overwhelm ingly as if to punch the flaming ing modest-income class have seen Kingmaker's Great Power Controls Panama Events By REMBERT JAMES Ithe sidewalk, or otherwise in pub-iruption usual in such a society, torch into the policeman's face, definite policy with systems suffering from political instability. Since the beginning of their history, the Latins have consistently fought off all nations that sought to colonize them.

They would be no more willing to ac any real benefits from the new economic growth. unpleasantly reminiscent of early 1948. i Then, as now, an inter-Amert-ican meeting was in the offing. The big riots that broke out during the ninth Inter-Amerioan Conference 12 years ago cost th lives of several thousand persons. Millions and millions of dollars of property damage resulted.

Since announcement the "Com. mittee of 21," the representatives of all the presidents of the American nations, would meet hert between Sept. 5 and 10, there has been a marked increase in un. rest and Communist activity. The lawman jumped or fell.

Could Bring Presidency By CHARLES KEELY Th Copley News Service MEXICO CITY The mayor of Another policeman started up the ladder, only to be held back by They fear the control of this vast wealth may remain in the cept domination from Russia or his commanding officer. hands of small ruling groups Editor, The Copley lie. He moves in much more rare- Will new riots break which hold the political strings, News Service fied circles, that of the very rich but after the new president, Ro- Red China than they were rrom the Spanish, French and British. The situation prevails in a num berto Chiari, takes office next Oct. U.S.

intelligence officers kept and the very important. They are determined to set their The youth with the torch made his speech, replete with Moscow-Inspired slogans. The erowd that had gathered ber of Latin American nations It is a hangover from the Span own course. The sudden choking off of the Mexico City has ruled that there's no place like home after 2 a.m. The ruling may be a stepping itone to the Mexican presidency.

Mayor Ernesto Uruchurtu took tuned in ail flay last Nov. i on the radio network of the National Guard of the Republic of Panama. They were waiting to ARRIVED BAREFOOT Harmodio Arias was not always like this. The story is that when he came to Panama City 50 riots last November shows that the oligarchy's leaders suddenly MEXICAN ROUNDUP saw the chasm yawning before hear the commandant of the guard years ago he arrived barefoot, car order his forces to halt riots by rying his shoes in his hand. His them and that they will be cautious of permitting vio mobs that had torn family was not as poor as that lence again.

down the flag at the U.S. Embas would imply. His father owned sy in Panama City, and were try land and some cattle, but shoes American Political Business Leaders Explain Cuba Stand ing to invade the Canal Zone. were scarce and the boy had only The choice, however, may not be the oligarchy's alone. There are forces that want to attack the Canal Zone again and there No such orders came over the one pair, From the start, Harmodio Arias network for more than 12 hours.

When the orders did crackle out, are people to lead these forces. was successful in the city, where his father's friends helped him the guardsmen ended the violence at once. The guard easily quashed For one, there is a small but violent group of Communists, a get a government scholarship to attempts the next day to start number of them part-time students Cambridge University in England. violence again. He had an excellent intellect and at the University of Panama.

There are egitatirs with connee Why was it stopped suddenly? did well at Cambridge. What happened to cause the Pan tions in the Cuban and United By WILLIAM D. SHANAHAX The Copley Newe Service MEXICO CITY American political and business leaders have carried the United States stand on Cuba to Mexico at several meetings arranged here by U.S. Ambassador Robert C. Hill.

Sen. Russell Long (D-La), a member of the powerful Senate Foreign Relations Committee, told one Mexican group that Cuba's Back in Panama, he climbed Pepper went on to compare United States relations with Latin America with those between Russia and Eastern Europe. "It is here that we need clear thinking, comprehension and the leadership of Mexico in the Organization of American States to present a united front in the face of Communist aggression in the Western Hemisphere," he said. The appearances of Long and Pepper in Mexico City coincided rapidly. He made money at many amanian government to halt something that it had permitted Arab Republic embassies in Pana.

ma City. a calculated political risk last September when he issued orders closing all but "first class" nightclubs at 1 a.m. The poor and middle class Mexican found that his favorite bartender was slamming the door and capping the bottles when the night had just begun. The resident of Mexico City has long insisted that midnight was the proper dinner hour and that dawn was as good a time as any to go home. Uruchurtu was expected to appreciate such things.

After all, he's a bachelor. But the mayor is a different breed. He had decided that city's poorer people were spending too much money in the cantinas. He also decided that the city would be better off if it had more early birds and fewer night owls. Uruchurtu did bow to Mexico City's gay tourist life.

He specified 14 "first class" nightclubs which are allowed to remain open until 4 a.m. These establishments feature floor shows, dancing and enterprises. He was president of to run unchecked lor part of a RIOT LEADER the republic from 1932 through There are also Panamanian day and a night? DANGER REALIZED nationalists, people with antifor- eign attitudes, and who are easily The best information is that somebody of great power in the oligarchy of 20 or 30 rich families with the arrival of Sen. Lyndon that rule Panama had suddenly economic aggression charges against the United States were groundless. He defended President Eisenhower's action in cutting the Cuba sugar quota with the United States.

Johnson of Texas in Acapulco. Johnson, the Democratic vice- realized the danger to his own class. 1936. I Now, at 72 years of age, Harmodio Arias is the most powerful man in Panama. He controls much of the press and the radio broadcasting stations.

He heads the law firm that handles most of the ship registrations allowing vessels to fly the Panamanian flag. If someone wants to set up a tax-free corporation in Panama, Harmodio Arias' firm will handle it. LOVES POWER Perhaps he is not so rich, not so powerful and not so ruthless as he is reputed to be. But he me mobs that were raging against the Canal Zone could easily have turned against their own presidential nominee, flew to Mexico for a vacation after the Los Angeles convention. He was greeted by a group of Mexican legislators and he stayed at the home of Miguel Aleman, former president of Mexico.

ruling class. The man who made the deci excited by agitators saying Panama should demand 50 per cent of the Panama Canal's gross revenuethat it should be run as a money maker for Panama instead of as a service to world shipping. This is the group that supplied most of the demonstrators at the start of last November's riots. The master mind of the movement although not the front-runner is a strangely embittered man named Ernesto Castillero Pimental, a University of Panama economics professor. He is the author of the 50-50 split idea for canal revenue.

It was Prof. Castillero who or- sion to call off the mobs could have been the president of the republic, Ernesto de la Guardia. prices that discourage the ordi nary Mexican "The United States sugar market is our own domestic internal affair and we will handle it as we see fit," Long said. For the oast four years Long has urged a revision of sugar quotas with an increase in shipments from Mexico. "Statistic of our trade with Mexico strongly support this Increase independent of the Cuban situation," he said.

"That situation now reinforces It." "If the Democrats win, Mexico will have a good friend in the More likely it was the Panama's kingmaker, the man who decides As might be expected, the cur- taw dirt nnr trn iinrhnllfrntrpd is a subtle, devious man who vice presidency," Johnson said "After all. Texas is closer to Many Mexicans were frustrated wno President ana, to a Mexico than Washington." loves power and does not hesitate to show his love of it. And he has great power. in their night-roaming habits. Oth large degree, what the president says and does while he is in of Johnson said that he and Kennedy, if elected, will broaden the fice.

Does he hate Americans? This This man is Harmodio Arias Good Neighbor policy and will seek to raise living standards and is unlikely, but he does use anti-Americanism as a device to win political support for the ruling Sr. Ordinary Panamanians now and then glimpse him crossing stabilize economies in Latin ganuea me iwemoer paraaers that some Mexican and later led the group that ripped I micians nave said Mexic0 down the U.S. Embassy flag. oud a ta the sidewalk, going from his lim oligarchy and distract attention America. Mexican officials viewed the ac from its Daws.

These flaws begin ousine into his office a gaunt, in campaigns lor political ollice increase at the expense of Cuba. stooped man with a thin, lined with casualness on the part of tivitirs of Democrats Long, Pep Joaquin Redo, a leading figure Castillero is handicapped he is a hunchback, a stern-faced little man with glasses and a mustache rich toward the extreme pov face, wearing horn-rimmed glass per and Johnson and Republican in the Mexican sugar industry, es and attired in a white silk suit, erty of the majority of Panaman RE PORT A JE HEMISFERICO Pcisase a la OEA El Caso deCuba Tor Rl Copley News Service i La semana pasada Cuba, bajo Fidel Castro, tratd de jf- narse la opindn publica mundial pero en camblo tuvo que someterse a que su incidente con los Estados Unidos pasara a la consideracion de las otras naciones americanas- Raul Roa, el ministro de relaciones exteriores de Cuba quien habla tan rapidamente que ni los mismos cubanos logran entenderle trat6 de convencer al consejo de seguri- dad de las Naciones Unidas de que conslderara las acusacio- nes de Cuba en contra de Estados Unidos. Insisti6 Roa, le hicieron coro los representantes sovie. ticos en el consejo de seguridad, que los Estados Unidos llevan a cabo una "agresi6n economica" en contra de Cuba que intervienen en los asuntos domesticos de Cuba. Cuba Trato de Tergiversar los Hcchos Aun antes de que Roa acudiera a las Naciones Unidas se hizo evidenle que los cubanos solamcnte trataban de obte-ner otra oportunidad para prescntar hechos tergiversados acompaftados de epitetos en contra de los Estados Unidos, de esa manera alcanzar publicidad en todo el mundo.

Pero es el caso que antes de que Roa lograra hablar, ya los representantes de Jos Estados Unidos de otras naciones latinoamericanas hablan iniciado la formulaci6n de planes para una conferencia de ministros de relaciones exte-rioies de las naciones americanas con el fin de tratar de la amenaza comunista en contra de la paz seguridad del hemisferio. Hasta cl mismo delogado cuba.io votd en favor de la reunion, asumiendo que los puntos por tratar lomismo que el iugar para la reunion fueran acceplrbles a su pais. El Consejo de Seguridad de las Nacionr? Unidas decidi6 someter el asunto de Cuba a esa conference propuesta bajo los auspicios de la Orgnizaci6n de los EsUrlos Americanos-En realidaa, el consejo de seguridad opt6 por "suspender'' su debate sohre el particular hasta tanto que la Organiza-" oi6n de los Estados Americanos pudiera someter un informe detallado. Cuando menos en los clrculos del gobierno, a traves de America Latina, hubo jiibilo a causa de la victoria en lo to- cante al principio de que pertenece al hemisferio mismo en- cargarse de ventilar los problrmas hemisf6ricos. No Desean Discusiones Aparatosas La mayoria de las naciones latinoamericanas quisieran i que la discusi6n relativa a Cuba a la inf lltracion comu- -nista sea llevada a cabo sin mucho aparato.

Desan evitar'' que los representante sovieticos de Cuba a las Naciones Unidas den rienda suelta a su odio por los Estados Unidos por cl slstema de gobierno domocratico. Al mantener el problema cubano-comunista dentro de esfera de la Organizaci6n de los Estados Americanos en dondc es de presumirse tan solo Cuba hablara en contra de las estructuras sociales nocomunistas los latinoamerieanos confian mantener en su mlnimo la propaganda favorable al comunismo. i Por aftadidura, en los clrculos latinoamerieanos se tratai de acrecentar el niimero de puntos por discutir en la reu- nidn de ministros de relaciones exteriores con la mira dedicar el mcnor tiempo posible al debate interamericano relativo al comunismo en la America Latina. E.U.y Cuba Desean Discusion Minuciosa Sogun parece, muy pocas de las 21 naciones americanas dosean llevar a cabo un minucioso detallado debate rela. tivo a la infiltraci6n comunista en el hemisferio occidental.

Entre los paises que lo desean, probablemente se Estados Unidos-El que por largo tiempo ha tratado de-sonar la alerta a sus vecinos en el hemisferio relativa a gravedad de la amenaza comunista; Peru-El que confrontado con la infiltraci6n comunista en su propio terreno, temeroso de una revolucidn al estilo de la de Castro, desea una conferencia hemisferica en toda rcgla, Cuba Pais que se siente muy deseoso de un pretexts para denlgrar a los Estados Unidos en vez de tratar de k-grar una solueidn a las diferencias con su vecino del norte-' Otros Naciones No Quieren Detalles En esta ocasibn, la mayor parte de las otras naciones la-tionamericanas desean evitar una plena ventilacion de lo tocante a la infiltraci6n comunista, en particular si se tra- tara de condenar el regimen de Fidel Castro en Cuba. En tanto que con toda probabilldad la mayoria de los po- biernos latinoamerieanos colocan sus simpatias del lado de los Estados Unidos, todos reconocen al mismo tiempo ei tremendo atractivo emocional que la revoluct6n de Cuba tiene para las multitudes latinoamericanas. Ademas, casi todas esas naciones desean evitar la ira de Cuba en caso de que el gobierno de Fidel Castro no venga pronto a tierra. Se dan cuenta de que las condiclones sociales econdmicas a traves de la America Latina son propidas para las revota- -ciones de guerrillas estilo Castro. Hill as no accident.

They interpreted it as a con ers appreciated the mayor's efforts. The opposition rallied around Manuel Guevara, who owns the Restaurant 1900 in the fashionable Mia district. Guevara wrote hundreds of letters and made frequent visits to the mayor's office. He argued that 10,000 workers were financially distressed because of the curfew and that 30 per cent of Mexico City's bars were forced to close. He reported an 80 per cent drop in his own trade.

Even a a did not campaign for a return to the wide-open days (or nights). His efforts recently wrung a concession But only seldom is he seen and go on to include the cor-and crew-cut hair. certed American effort to con vince Mexico of the seriousness ELECTION COMING UP of the Communist threat in Cuba and the necessity of a united front in the Western Hemisphere. Communism in Cuba Doesn't Bother Average Brazilian was present at the luncheon. He praised Long's statement and said Mexican producers are ready to supply more sugar.

Long told the group bluntly that the United States has poured out millions into foreign aid and in many cases received nothing in return. "This practice must cease," he said. "We arc still willing to do our share and a little more, but in the future we will analyze the situation and be assured of some return." Another American speaker was Claude Pepper, former Democratic senator from Florida. Pepper lauded the Mexican revolution as a genuine movement springing from the hearts of Mexicans and "not a foreign ideology used as a tool of Communist from the mayor. The closing DUST BOWL PERIL CAUSING ALARM IN ARGENTINA The Copley Newe Service By SOL BIDERMA.V The Copley Newt Service RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil-The among the youth here because of the reported honesty of his Cuban government, I promised agrarian reform and his drive to construct more schools.

BUENOS AIRES Argentina, Brazilian Labor Party, ironically is the more vigorous in his opposition to Castro's flirtations with the Communist bloc. Quadras, though generally considered more moderate than the general, paid a visit to Cuba ear long famed as one of the best- average citizen in Brazil, Latin America's largest country, is not very excited over the threat of communism in Cuba. hour was extended to 2 a.m. But Uruchurtu made his point. His curfew, damned at first, is now gaining popular support.

In his arguments, the mayor pointed out that the average laborer here earns between 50 and CO cents a day. Because of his curfew, he says, more of this money Is going to feed families and less Is being spent for beer. fed nations in the world and The Brazilian government has declared that the Cuban crisis On the lighter side, Cariocas, as residents of Rio are called, "constitutes the greatest threat to are more distressed that Gin a the Organization of American lier this year in a transparent attempt to woo leftist votes. Quadros recently wired his congratulations to the Brazilian student groups In Sao Paulo and Golanla that had support MacPherson, Miss Brazil, was not crowned Miss Universe. States and the security of Americas." But there is sentiment in the Brazilian congress They're elated at the 5-1 victory favoring "a position of equidiS' ed Castro, of the Brazilian soccer team over Argentina, and they're playing the latest record releases of rac tance" in the U.S.-Cuban dispute As popular sentiment shifts in favor of Uruchurtu, his name is mentioned often as a possible presidential candidate in 1964.

President Adolfo Lopez Mateos is tarred by Mexican law from mnf hnnn ur thniriso that Brazil eventually may be "Bossa Nova," a new trend in Jable to act as arbiter between the two countries. proud of its fertile soil, is facing a dust bowl threat. So serious is the menace that the agriculture ministry has decided to set up a "committee of defense against destruction of Argentine soil." Recently experts called in by the Argentine government determined that strong Antarctic winds are gradually covering the rich pampas with dust and sand from southern Argentina. There are fears much of Argentina may come to resemble Patagonia, the vast area on which only sheep can find enough pasture to live. A century ago, large herds of cattle were grazed in Patagonia but the once-grassy plains now are mostly covered by sand.

Vegetation is disappearing. Already it appears that the sands are filtering into La Pampa eeking reelection He reviewed U.S.-Cuban relations since the island won independence. "We do not oppose genuine reform movements anywhere," Pepier said. "We viewed Fidel Castro with considerable hope and Infinite patience, but he Insisted on a persistent campaign of slander against our President and nation, disrespect for our representatives and confiscation of millions In property owned by U.S. citizens without compensation.

Now we are faced with out and out Brazilian popular music. On the serious side, the bombastlo oratory of campaign speakers In this election year monopolises their attention. have finally found a man ith real convictions and regard Pick OAS Site WASHINGTON (UPI) A special committee of the Organization of American States (OAS) has selected San Jose, Costa Rica Paulo students threatened to strike in the port of Santos to prevent Brazilian sugar from being shipped to the United States to help fill the quota taken from Cuba. "The honorable Cuban democrat," Quadros wrote, referring to Castro, "defamed and de- Jar the poor," one business exe- Communism and Cuba consti as the site and Aug. 15 as the tute a minor issue in the Brazil-l cptiv said In describing Uruclv Jjrtu.

i 'Hello' Out of Date In Cuban Phone Book international will be climaxed with the balloting i- I interests, is a model of in October, patriotism and deserves your respect and date of hemisphere foreign ministers meeting on the U.S. Cuban crisis and Venezuelan charges against the Dominican Republic. Population Climbs MEXICO CITY (UPI) Mex HAVANA (AP) The Ameri The two principal candidates, Gen. Teixeira Lott and Janio can owned Cuban Telephone "We voluntarily accept non-intervention even though we have the military power to intervene. But now comes the cry 'economic now operated by Fidel Castro's 1 Quadros, already have made province and the southern part of their positions clear, the Province of Burnos Aires, where the good top soil averages support in the fight for the emancipation of his people." Some students have become disillusioned with Castro's de-magogio tendencies and his violent antl-AmerlcanUm.

Yet he still enjoys much support government, has a new sound. Along with the rings that precede a connection, a female voice ico's national population in 1960 1 ask you, is there Lott, who has the unsolicited support of the Brazilian Commu- is 31,623,903 compared to 25,791, nothing we can do in the face of some 100 fect in depth. La Pam-this situation which was not of: pa used to mark the northern repeats the slogans: "On with Fi inist party, as well as the more 017 in 1950 a jump of more than del" and "Fatherland or death." i important endorsement of the 34 per cent. our own making?" boundary of Patagonia..