Weekly Commercial from Wilmington, North Carolina • Page 2

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. I I r.Vo nd approaching completion, will open a like hint nrosnecTto North Carolina. There is no FOB THE COMMERCIAL. ntnrnrr CAPE FEAR AND DEEP IUER IMPROVE- been made, and which are, constantly making on Deep River, prove incontestable, that1 the whole of that valley Is ono "vast coal field. Experiment been recently made, by boring at the distance of several miles from tho river, and where, bJr Coal in the world than that which can bo pLrcd in the range of the operations of this and there is no room to doubt but what We have all the rrKiiTiiiiv win in: i with any market in the Union.

Will we lack tl, man- araihiblel We gis not. I MEETOfOOP STOCKHOLDERS. ntnnintetl lor the meeting of etitutiog that department of her Government. We have no such guard, and can have none such, without an entire change in the character of our Government and her i example of course furnishes no evidence in favor of a single chief magistrate in a popular form of Government like ours, while the examples of former times, and our own thus far, furnish evidence against it. "But it ia objected that a plural Executive necessarily leads to intrigue and discord among its members, and that it is inconsistent with prompt and efficient action, Thw may be true when they are all elected by the same constituency and may be a good reason, where this is the caee.

lor preferring a single executive, wiih all its objections, to a plural executive. But the case is very different where they are elected by diflprei.t constituencies, having conflicting and hostile interests as would be the fact in the case under consideration. Here the two ivould have to act concurring! in approving the acts of Congress, and separately in the sphere of heir respective deportments. The effect, in the latter case, would be to retain all the advantages of a single executive, as far as the 1 administration of the laws were ingentircly finished by the 1st or January next, will not be realised, they arc yet gratified to be able to assure you, that it is in a state of great forwardness. It may not be improper to cull your attention to the fact, that the great obstacles to your K4.lnvv McN'fiills' Ferrv.

From the Georgetown Reporter. If there is, in oar Unguage, a more sweetly beautiful poenfthan the following, wc roust acknowledge our ignorance of its existence. "The Inquiry" may indeed be termed a Poetical Bouquet formed of rich and rare seutiments THE Tell me, ye winged Winds That rund my pathway roar-Do yo not know some Where mortals weep no more 1 Some lone and pleasant dell, Some valley in the West, Where free froni toil and pain, Thejwcary soul may rest 1 The loud wind dwindled to a whisper low, And sighed for pity as it answered "No." Tell mcr thou mighty Deep, Whose billows around me play Kno west thou some favored spot, Some island, far away, Where weary men may find The bliss for which he sighs Where sorrow never lives And friendship never dies The loud waves rolling in perpeiual flow, 8toppcd for a while, and sighed to answer "No" And thou serencst Moon, That with such holy face, Dost look upon the Earth Asleep in night's embrace Tell me, in all thy round, I fast thou not seen some spot -Where miserable men Might find a happier lot 7 Behind a cloud the moon withdrew in wo, And a voice, sweet but sad, responded "No." Tell me, my secret Soul, Oh tell me, Hope and Faith, Is there no resting place From sorrow, sin and death 1 Is there no happy spot, Where mortals may be blest, Where grief may find a balm, And weariness rest Faith, Hope aod Love, besf boons to mortals given, Waved their bright wings, and whispered, Yes, in Heaven." concerned and, in thj former, i to ensure Advocate and Journal has a circulation of harmony and concord between the two sec- from 25,000 to 29.000. The Missionary Ad-tions and, through them, in the Government, vocate 20.000. The SundySchool Advocate For, as no act of could i become a 65,000.

with a yearly sale of Sunday School law without the assent of the chief raagis- Books amouniing to $5000. The (Quarterly trates renreseiJtinir ooiu sections, eacu. id the elections, would choose- the candidate who. in addition to being faithful to its would best command the esteem and cor.fi lencc of the other csetion. And thus the Presidental elections, instead Cuba expedition, has surrendered himself to of dividing the Union into hostile geograph- tle u.

States authorities at Savannah. 'A icaliarties, the stronger struggling to en- i leiter in ihe New York Times say large its powers, and the weaker to defend "The President of the United Slaes ifu-its riiihts as is now the case would become ed a warrant for his arrest some months Qro. the mfsns of restoring harmony and concord charging him with being connected wth to the country and the Government. It getting up the late expedition to Cuba. Je vvoul4 make the Union a union in truth a obtained infonnat-'on of the fiict, and Ifis bond Jaf mutual affection and brotherhood given bonds to take his trial at the next tem and not a mere connexion used by the strorg- 0f tjie United Stales District Court, ie er as the instrument of dominion 'and aggran- vvij be acquitted of the above charge.is dizement, and submitted to by the weaker jt js known here that he had no connectin only from the lingering remains or lormer jn fining out the Pampero's expedition, jr attachment and the lading hope of being lurnishing means lor that purpose.

He wis able to restore the Government to what it Virginia sick for several months previois. was originally, intended to be, a blessing to anj did not return to his neighborhood unil all. 1 after the disaster which befel Gen. Lopz "Such is the disease. and such the charac- an(i associates, in their attempt to remoter ot the only remedy which can reach it.

Uu0nize Cuba." In conclusion, there remains tOjDe consiuerea the political question, Shall it be applied Shall the only power which can iapply it be invoked for the purpose? i 'The responsibility of answering this solemn question rests on the States composing the stronger section," BRUTALITY IN ITALY. The Boston Transcript publishes the following letter from Signor Guidi, an accomplished vocalist, well known in this country and especially in Boston, where he has par-ticinated in musical concerts. It will be seen liit ha hoe Kppn afitntpmrod. tn t.h.P. frnllint fur t.zftnStinr fhe JTmtPdStntpi nt supper! from "the north." Our Job-Work, and other Genoa.

Monday, Sept. 22, 1851. is done by workmen whoacquired the art ofprii-The desire of seeing my family; was the ting with the Proprietor of The Commercial, aid sole motive that guided me to these Italian nobody else and we hope it will not be consider-shores; but, unhappily, grief, sorro and tears ed too strong an objection, that they are southern- MENT. Pittsboro, Nov. 7th.

1851. the Stockholders of the C. P. and D. 11.

Nav. Co. 1 Gkntlbuen The WKlersignea isoara oi 1 having within a few tys past visited the work at different points on P.nn Frnr. boir leave tc submit ine lolloping brief statement of its progress and present con- dition. In doing this, while they regret that the anticipations of the friends oft the work ot us oe- meni occui embracing amines, ouver Boats can readily pass from Fayetteville to Jones Falls whenever they can pass me u.w Fayetteville.

The work at Jones' is the lowest nowi. t. next to Fayetteville. At this point there has been great difficulty getting nanus, owing iu fact that an impression existed the upper coun try that it was unhealthy, and eonsequcntij work liere is in a more backward condition than at any point on the lower part of the line. I he lock walls were within two rounds of their full height, and dam about seven feet high; there was larze force at work, and the undersignea areas mnraA tuat wnrk at this nolnt will be comple- OUt viiv i ted within a month from this time.

They next examined the work at Silver Run i. i- Falls. This is next above Jones nuru in was nearly completed, the lock gates ready to be hung. The point next above is Red Rock. Here the work was finished with the exception of hanging the gates, and the Dam within one course ot lis full height.

There were fifty hands at work, itua location will be finished in a few days. The next lock and dam arc at Haw Ridge. Here the lock was finished with the exception oi a little ceiling the lock gates hung, and tho dam completed the water flowing over the dam its full length. I I 1 The point next above Haw Ridge, is Green Rock. We found the lock and dam completed, or nearly so: tne iocs gates nung aim me over the dam its full length, i The point next above is Narrow Gap.

No one un acquainted with the River, can well conceive tl extreme peril heretofore in an -ordinary freshet, in passing this point; the River in the Gap wis ffreatlv narrowed the fall considerable and tte current rusuing down with a frightful velocity a- gainst the projecting rocks and angles 10 the Riv- er has iierctofore caused it to be with very immi- nent daTlffer to life, that persons engaged in raft- hnff couid effect a passage. We found the lock the gates hung: and the dam aho finished off witn the exception of a little sheet- ing. A consmeraoie iorut; tugagiu ing it. This dam is convex to the stream and presents a picturesque and imposing appearance, and it may not be out of place to remark, that during the floods of last winter, which were as high as anv that have ever occurred within the recollec tion of the oldest inhabitants; although the work at this point was in an unfinished and exposed state, it sustained no injury, The point on the line next above, and near the head of Smilies Falls is Sharphcld. The dam at this point when completed, will back the water to McAlister's, three miles above Mc Neill's Ferry, and thirty-five or forty miles above Fayetteville, by way of the river.

They did not visit were informed that this woik was in a state of considerable forwardness. The undersigned confidently assure yon that unless there (be a rise in the River in the meanwhile, your improvement will be completed from the head of Smilie's Falls to Fayetteville, by the middle ot December next. In each case where tho dam was completed, or the water flowing over it, there were 3 or3 feet of water on the mitre sills of the lock next above thus showing that at tho the lowest stage of water in the River, boats of upwards of 30 inches draft may pass without dif- ficulty. A 1.1 jl i our improvement contemplates tne consuue- tionof five dams across the river, and a canal be tween McNeill's Ferry and Haywood. This work is in a state of considerable forwardness at sever- al points.

The canal, half a mile long, has been ex cavated and at another point visited by the un dersigned, Norrington's, the. lock was up to its full height, and the dam about three feet high, nearly across the river, and a respectable force en- gaged in carrying it up. The work.is also progress in at McAlister's. i i With regard to the work on beep River, it is in a state of great forwardness. With the exception of one lock and dam in Pullins' Falls, and the canal at that point, about two milesabovc Haywood, it is going forward rapidly along the whole line of the river to Peter G.

Evans' Mills, which is the highest point on the river at which works are to be constructed. The second lock and dam in Pullins4 Falls, the longest on the river, is nearly completed. The contractors on Deep Riper are generally subscribers in work at various designated points on the river. Upon the whole, the undersigned have full confidence that your entire line of improvement from Fayetteville to Hancock's Mills, will be completed duriDg the next working season. They believe there will bo no difficulty in getting any force that may be desired on the river above McNeill's Ferry.

The immense amount of coal and produce of every kind which will find an outlet to the ocean through this im- provement, cannotfail to make your investments I profitable. Without adverting to the immense amount of staves, pine timber, turpentine, and the ordinary products of our soil, enhanced in amount as they must be, by the great facilities of getting up lime and guano which must thus find an outlet; leaving out of view the water power created by your improvement, which will, in a short time, be improved and every drop of water which will belong to you, and of course enhance I our dividends; the developmennts which have have to any the by I I I The Supply would sail from Valparaiso lor Home about the lUtli or loth ot Oct. ine Falmouth would follow in a week or ten days alter, or as soon as her crew recovered from scurvy and diarrhoea, from which they were i sutiering in consequence oi aruuous service. The St. Mary's, it was thought, would be despatched, as soon as the troubles in Chili were settled to San Francisco, for the pur pose of taking to their homes certain Japanese, who have been promised a passage by our government.

From the East Indies she would return home, via the Cape of Good. Hope. The officers of the. squadron were all well. I The sloop of war Cyane arrived at Havana on the 25th and saluted the town the next day.

Officers and crew all well. A LIVELY TRADE. From ihe recent report of the Methodist Book Concern in New York, it appears that the sales for the last twelve months were more than $200,000, being an increase iof $65,000 over the previous year, and exceeding all former years. The profits on the new Hymn Books were $47,561. The Christian Keview nas juuu suoscriDers SURRENDER OF GONZALES.

It is stated that Gen. Gonzales, who supposed to have been concerned in thaUte WEEKLY COMMERCIAL, WILMINGTON, N. C. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1851. SHIPPING ARTICLES.

We ask the favor of our exchanges on the south em Atlantic seaboard, to notice our advertisement of Shipping Articles, in to-day's paper, aad the fa vor will be reciprocated, should opportunhy offer. The work is done well, to say the least, as those sent from New York, and are in every joint equal-we think supcrior-to any ever brought ers natives of the "Old North. INTERESTING COMMUNICATION. We invite attention to the graphic and highly gratifying communication in this day 's paper from the Directors of the Cape Fear and Deep River Navigation Company. It will be seen that the improvement will be completed to the head of Smilie's Falls at McNeill's Ferry, by the middle of December next, and that thus the obstacles in the River which it is well known have always i been regarded as the great obstructions to i this improvement, will be overcome.

We must confess we are exceedingly gratified to receive this Corn- mnuication. The completion of this, improve- deposits of the most valuable qualities are discov A on ftTprv (Rmi1 Hiw nnmmiin: ered on every examination, i Read the Communi tioti. I Call at this office and see specimens of Coal from fields recently discovered. EDUCATION OF, CHILDREN. We invite the attention of our readers to the Communication of "A Citizen," on the subject of educating the children of our town, whose parents are uuable to provide for them in this way.

It is a matter of deep iterest to a11 interested in the fnture prosperity and honor of the even divested of the kind sympathies ot our nature. May we not hope, then, that when the feelings of benevolence stimulate the action of reason, much good wm reSult. We hope our citizens willthink THE COAL OF NORTH CAROLINA. The specimens of bituminous Coal left at our office for inspection, have been examined by several gentlemen who are competent judges of the article, and they all pronounce it to be of very superior character. We discern in these specimens the harbinger of future wealth and prosperity for no one can properly estimate the grer.t results that may follow the opening of these mines in Chatham and other places within the range of this great improvement.

The specimens are from newly discovered fields, where the quantity is inexhaustible. We may form some idea of the importance of this source of wealth to Pennsylvania, from facts stated in the Philadelphia Ledger. It appears thatthe Schuylkill Navigation Company have this year brought rather less than half a million tons of coal to market, the Lehigh companies about 900,000 tons, and the Reading railroad nearly a million and a half. By the close of the season, the aggregate will reach three millions and a quarter or three and a half. This is an immense business, and estimating each ton of coal to be worth three dollars, gives the very large ag gregate often millions of dollars.

We are warinted in bel.cving that the Cape Fear aod Peep ftlret Navigation improvement, all apicarancc, there was little probability of mineral being found and coal of the finest quality, and in quantities apparently incxhausti- discovered. Iron ore too, in the greatest! abundance, and of the best quality, ies in close proximity with the coal. All these production must pass over your improvement. Froni these considerations, the undersigned are confident that your investments in the stock of" Company, cannot fail to yield you an ample remunerating return. With great respect, your obt crv'ts, S.

McCLENEHAN, I'res t. THOS. HILL. ISAAC CLEGG.I JOHN H. 1IAUGIIT0N, L.

J. HAUGUTON, PETEU G. EVANS, Directors. roit tiik commercial." Mr. Editor I was accosted a few days smcd a woman with an earnest appeal to try and gvt her son to school, whom she represented as a w-rv intelligent and docile child; and further stated that there were in her neighborhood fifty or sixty other children not going to any school.

I aski why they were not sent to the free school, anl learned, for the first time, that there was no free school in the upper division of the town, for want piesume of funds to sustain it. Tho amount received from the State and County being insuili. cient to keep a school in operation but a small portion of the year. Now what is to be dono with tho vcrv'conidor-able number of children whose parents are unable to educate them, if allowed to grow up in ignorance Are there not many of them who if educated would make useful and vahrible citizens, that for want of it will, in the end, cost mur to punish and restrain their vices, the too frequent concomitant- of ignorance and bad training in i youth, than it would co to educate them, lint how it will be asked, is it to be dono you will not propose to increase our taxes, for we are oppressively taxed already. That is true, of Ml other interest except retailers of spirituous liquors, and why that particular interest should fe vsk'-cially favored by the Commissioners of the tuwn will not pretend to say but this I do know, tlmt they have the power to levy and collect from them lect fro the po( an amount sufficient tu educate all the poor chil dren in tho town.

A ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMERS BALTIC AND CAX1D.1. New Nov. 'J. 10 P. M.

The steamers Baltic and Canada have each arrived from Liverpool. The Africa ran ashor on Copcland Rocks ami was obliged to put back, the Canada bringing lu passengers, i i The Africa sustained considerable damage, bring at one time high and dry upon the reef, seventeen feet from waten Had she been running at full speed at the time she struck, she nouM inevitably have been lost, Her mails ami imf-scri-jrers were transferred to the Canada. Tin; l.al-tic left On the -Oth, and made a splendid run. She distanced the Canada considerably, that having sailed on the 28th, with no freight, which was greatly in her favor. Among the Baltic's passengers are Mr.

Todd, U. S. Minister PMiopoteniiary to Brazil W. S. Campbell.

Consul to Rottedam; Mr. Whitney, bearer of dispatches from London, aiid J. Swift bearer of dispatches, from Paris. The Canada has been only 24 days in poin? from Boston to Liverpool and thence back to New York. She came in ballast, having had no time to transfer the Africa's cargo.

She brings 1) passengers. Kossuth had arrived at Southampton. The frigate Mississippi sailed from Gibraltar with the remaining Hungarian refugees, for New York: on the 15th. The City of Manchester arrived out in 17 days from Philadelphia. The Washington had not aimed at all.

ENGLAND. Further search for Sir John Franklin had beta given up for tho present. At a council held by the Queen on the Parliament was further prorogued until Jan uary 25. i. i i Kossuth arrived at Southampton on the 23d, an 1 was met with a warm reception.

He was received at the steamer by the mayor, who had pre vided a carriage for him, drawn by four gray horses, and accompanied by a band of music. reaching Guildhall, the mayor welcomed him a speech af ter which an address was read, to which Kossuth replied at considerable length. His visit London was strictly of a private nature, and consequently no public demonstration was made. He left London on the 26th to attend a banquet at The London Times says, upon good authority, that Lord Palmerston has intimated4to Kossnrli his disposition to grant him a non-otlicial interview if he desires it. Ar far as Lord ralmcrtui is concerned, he would rather see Kossuth than not.

Cotton since the 13th had declined FRANCE NEW MINISTRY. The gentlemen composing the new French ministry were considered as good a guarantee for the maintenance of order as the former cabinet. All however, have more or less ronapartist tendencies. The Bourse was scarcely effected bj the change, and Paris was perfectly The accounts from the departments, however, arc fof from tranquilizing. 1 A manifesto from the Prince de Joinville, rating fort his claims to the Presidency, is 'shortly expected.

One also is looked for from Gen Char- ffamier. The Prefect of Cressy has suspended the Mayor oflloure for presiding at a patriotic banquet given by a representative of the Mountain. The Duchess of Angouleme was dead. ITALY. The Tope is lying quite ill, and his death hi been reported, but contradicted.

a -rr bt roads in the country, witn iair pros-cus oi cituiued prosperity. Thanks, many thanks are di to those faithful men who have stuck by this Bid under the most trying circumstances, from ii commencement to the present hour, and who fely bestowed their labor, talents, money and edit to keep it from sinking and to raise it to edit to keep present eminence IMPORTANT DECISION. The Journal of yesterday contains the following: iteresting information relative i to the Church joperty Question in the Methodist E. Church. a wtor mmived here to-day, by the Postm.is cr, dated Richmond, Nov.

11th, states that a tpWranhir. drsnatch had been received to the ef- fVw. that, Nelson, of the U. S. Circuit Court in New York, had on the 11th yesieraay; ueci- 1 I dedthe great Church Froierty Question, in iavor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

So that the controversy is virtually settled, and the Southern church will get a fair portion oftheBook Concern. i KOSSUTH NOT ARRIVED. Wc have a notice of the arrival of the Mississ ippi, with 43 Hungarian exiles, whose names we published some time ago in The Commercial. Kossuth 4ias not arrived, having gone to Eng land, as will be seen by reference to our foreign head. We are now satisfied that the view we took of the various reports which reached us relative to the difficulties between Kossuth and our Con sul and the Captain of the Steamer, is correct, and all these reports are without foundation.

Kossuth went to England to leave his children at Southampton. Mr. Cobden having offered to take charge of his daughter. It is his intention to re main in England but ten days, and then come to the United States in one of the steamship packets. This is the substance of private letters received in New York, relative to this subject.

OFFTCTAL VOTE OF OHIO. The official returns for Governor of Ohio, give tiie following results I Reuben Wood, (Dem.) Samuel F. Vinton, (Whig) 119.538 Lewis, (Abolition) 16:911 The vote is nearly 50,000 short of the number polled at the last Presidential election, and proba- bly 70.000 short of what would be the full vote of the State. I THE LATE ELECTIONS. We omit notice of several of the late elections till we can give satisfactory results.

We think there is riot much occasion for our whig friends to be in a great hurry to have the news, which, we ae sorry to say, looks very unpromising in most quarters. i SANTA FE ELECTION. In the eight counties of the Territory of Santa Te, the aggregate vote is 7,056. Mr. Weightman's najority is 742 and he has started for the city of Washington.

BIG SHIPS. A ship called the Hurricane was launched at loboken a few weeks ago, which is nineteen hundred tons burden. She is clipper built and designed for the California trade. Another new dipper, of equally beautiful model and fine ap pearance, though not so large by eight hundred tons, called the Swordfish, was loading for San Irancisco, a few day ago, in the North River. Ye are a great people and Gotham is magnifi cent.

AT HER MATIIEW. This great Apostle of Temperance took his de arture from New York on Saturday afternoon last. The scene was very exciting, rue in. i. Sxpresssays "As he stood on the stern of the Pacific, waving i last adieu to the thousands of his countrymen who were crowded on all the adjoining shafts, the feeling which they had long been endeavoring suppress, gushed forth, and the air was rent with the loud-hussas of men, miugled with the sobs and wailing of women.

The wildest enthusiasm prevailed among the assembled masses, and upon the whole it was a scene which those who wit- nessed it never forget. About 11 o'clock, Father Mathew arrived at the foot of Canal street, accompanied by a large number of the clergy of the Roman Catholic persuasion, and also by the Hibernian T. A. Society, on foot, with flags streaming in the breeze, and preceded by a band, whose soft harmonious tones well accorded with the deep feelings which had been evoked by the occasicn" i I GEORGIA. In our notice on Tuesday of the Speech of the retiring Magistrate, Gov.

Towns, we omitted a notice of the Inaugural of the Hon. Howell Cobb His address on the occasion was in favor of sustaining the Constitution as it is, and adherence' to the Compromise. The official returns for Governor show Mr. Cobb's majority to be 18,573. THE CHRISTIANA OUTRAGE.

There seems to be no relaxation on the part of the government officers, as respects the Fugitive Slave Law, as arrests are still taking place. The Grand Jury of the United States District Court for Pennsylvania on Fridayt returned seventy eight true bills against thirty-nine persons charged with participating in the Christiana outrage. The counts in these bills are the same as before given for misdemeanor, and not treason. GREENSR0RO' FEMALE COLLEGE. The Weekly Messenger of Saturday last, informs us that there is perfect Health among the young ladies of the CollegeNM-hcre is not a single case of sickness.

t) Stockholders of the Wilmington and Raleigh Ilroad Companv. This is a triumphant-epoch ilhe history of this enterprise. Discouragements, olosition at home and abroad, sneers, taunts oUnkruptcy, misrepresentations of all sorts he been overcame, and we have now one of the i- er a 1 i were me reeuii. uu ait: awurc iiuvv upjuo-sive the Government has become towards the people of Lombardy, Parma, and From the day of my landing, unknown to myself. I was dogged and watched, i One evening I was invited a friend's house.

In compliance with the request of some ladies present, I sansr several pieces, i Persons who were passing under the balcony, halted i to hear me, and in this way 1 ignorantly collec- ted quite a crowd. The day lollowing I was summoned to answer for not having asked permissionoi the police to sing and I was u. i. ol my repealing the offence. 1 I thereupon de UlOllltsOvU WW I lli VA WW III illV U1J cided on leaving Italy lor the United States.1 Having obtained my passport, and fixed the day of my departure, the evening previous ment will open up a bright future for Wilming-thereto, a few friends assembled aa farewell i ton.

We are credibly informed that there is al-supper, but among them was a 'Juda who read a verv amount of Turpentine and betrayed my friendship. In the social hilari- i iV i- 1 i ty of the occasion; I proposed a toast in honor roduce of kind on the River ad-of Jhe United States. Ail the company ris- Jacent to Smilie 8 Falls awaiting the completion of ponded with high zest when, all of a sud- tfta improvement to be transported to this place, den. the room was assayed by the Duke's sat- A friend informs us that additional developments ellites, and we were all arrested, and march- are constantly making in the Coal Fields-new Prom the Southern, Standard The first volume of Mr. Calhoun's work on Government is now before the public.

It 13 an octavo of four hundred pages, well bound in fine large type, and on good paper. All the booksellers have it for sale at two dollars. The subject in this work for which we looked most eagerly was the amendment of ine uonsuiuiwn. it is generally known that this was Mr. Calhoun's last proposition for the salvation of the Union and the security of the South.

As many of our readers who may never see Mr. Calhoun's work are no doubt anxious to know the precise nature of the Amendment to the Constitution which he had in view, we lay it before them in his own words, from page 392 of his work just published "How the Constitution could best be mod ified, so as to effect the object, only be authoritatively determined by the amending power. It may be done in various ways. Among others, it might be effected through a re-organization of the Executive depart ment; so that its powers instead of being vetted, cm they now are. in a single officer, should be vested in two to be so elected as that the two should be constituted the special organs and representatives of the respective sections in the Executive department of the Government, and reqt 'ring each to approve all the acts of Congress before they shall become laws.

One might be charged with the administration of matters connected with the foreign relations of the country; and the other of such as were connected with its domestic institutions the selecio.i to be decided by lot. It would thus effect, more simply, what was intended by the original provisions of the Constitution, in giving to one of the majorities composing the Government a decided preponderance in the Elecfo-rial College, and to the. other majority a still more decided influence in the eventual choice in case the College failed to elect a President. It was intended to etfect an equilibrium between the larger and smaller States in this department but which, in practice, has entirely failed, and. by its failure, done much to disturb the whole system, and to bring about the present dangerous state of things.

6 "Indeed, it may be doubted whether the framerafof the Conidtulion did riot commit a great mistake in constitutinja single instead oi a plural Executive. Nav, it may even be doubted whether a single Chiel Magistrate, invested v. 1th all the powers properly appertaining to the Executive Department of the Government, as is the President, is compatible withlhe permanence of a popular Government, especially in a wealthy and populous community, with a large revenue, and a numerous body of officers and employees. Certain it is that there is no in-instance of a popular Government so constituted, which has long endured. Even ours thus far, furnishes no evidence in its favor, and not a little against it for to it the pres-ent disturbed and dangerous state of things which threatens the country with monarchy or disunion, may be justly On the other hand, the two most distinguished constitutional Governments of antiquity both in respect to permanence and power, had a dual Executive.

I refer to those of Sparta and of Rome. The lorraer had two hereditary and the latter two elective chief magistrates. It is true that England, from winch ours in this respect is copied, has a single hereditary head of the Executive deDa-traent of her Government; but it is not le-; true that she had many and arduous struggles to prevent her chief magistrate from becoming absolute and that, to rrunrd aorainst it flr tually, she jaraa finally compelled to divest him substantial! of the. ing the Government, by transferring it pirac- iT xmpousinie ministers, who. bv established i ywiaimjit 'UrTlr unless supported hy: a majority of the two houses of Parliaments Rh ha ih, the inger, of the chief magistrate hecominir wumvco unite, eubstantial Jy, a single with a plural executive, in con ed ott to ine puoiic prisons.

As the chiet pro- moter of the political as the authori- ties called our little gathering, I was shut tip Ill CL U(lllJ-. uiviiuigaiitic aKll llliCIll. UCUttlTCU from seeing family or friends. A trial took place, and my companions were sentenced to six months impsisonment in the lortress at while I was sen enced to ten years 171 the galleys The tears of mv mother -and the intercession of relatives procured a 'commutation of this sentence to three years' imprisonment in the fortress. I was barbarously prevented from seein my family was dispossessed bf my parental heritage and exiled from the State.

On the day of our removal, we were, ten of us, chain- I ed like beasts," placed in a vehicle and con- ducted on the way to the place of imprison ment about thirty miles from Modena. When near the Alps a deluge of rain poured down. abbUlllllUUibU Hllll BIIU II) IMllLll UUIUUCUCU i in i our guard, four in number, and armed with loaded muskets, to screen their One of mv companions noticed that the chain which confinedus chafed on one ol the wheels of the wagon, and was almost entirely cut throV Taking advantage of this discovery, we cau- tiouplv succeeded in unloosing ourselves; and amidst the torrent of ram, that favored us, we rushed upon the guard. 1 wo ot them took to flight, and wc disarmed the other two, who also fled. They afterwards returned to secure us.

What the result was of the dis charge of our muskets, I know not. I will simply eay that I with (our of my companions, got away. i Without aid without provisions--we wandered over mountains, and through woods in the hope of arriving at Piedmont a place of cafety. After escaping, under cover of night, the jParraesian guard, who took us for smugglers, we at length arrived at Piedmont. We are now in Genoa, whence I hope to pass tev America, withpne'of my companions in misfortune.

Our means were exhausted du ring our pilgrimage, however, and God onJy icnowa when we shall be able to reach the land ufJiherty. Tong live the United States of America Request Mr, S. to publish in brief this account in his accredited journal, that the tyranny of our infamous oppressors may be known far and wide. Yours; jJc..